Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modélisation de la complexation de surface'
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Devau, Nicolas. "Processus rhizosphériques déterminant la disponibilité en phosphore : apport de la modélisation mécaniste géochimique." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NSAM0019.
Full textRoot-induced chemical processes are recognized as a major strategy developed by plants to enhance phosphorus (P) availability and thus to promote P acquisition. However, the exact influence of these root-induced chemical processes is still poorly understood and quantified. The present study aimed at investigating the influence of root-induced chemical processes, especially root-induced pH changes, on P availability in the rhizosphere. In this work, we used a set of mechanistic adsorption models (« 1-pK triple plane », ion-exchange and Nica-Donnan) within the framework of the component additive approach in order to simulate the effects of root activity on P availability. First, we described the effects of pH on P availability in several soils unaffected by roots, a Chromic Cambisol and a Luvisol. The Luvisol showed different concentrations in inorganic P because of a long-term fertilisation trial. In the rhizosphere of durum wheat (Triticum tu rgidum durum L.) grown on these two soils, we found that calcium (Ca) uptake, in addition to P uptake and root-induced alkalisation, controlled to various extents the changes of soil P availability. Calcium uptake markedly increased P availability by decreasing the promoting effect of Ca adsorption on P adsorption. The relative influence of these three root processes depended on the solution composition (especially concentration of Ca and pH). Our simulations showed the relationship between changes in P availability and the speciation of adsorbed P onto the different soil minerals. Soil mineralogy, especially the relative abundance of illite vs. Fe oxides, controlled the influence of root processes by regulating the contribution of soil minerals to P adsorption. By identifying a novel root-induced processes, namely the Ca uptake, and describing its influence on P availability, our results demonstrate the ability of surface complexation models to predict the effects of root-i nduced processes on P availability in soils
Naveau, Aude. "Etude et modélisation de la sorption d'ions à la surface de sulfures métalliques en conditions de stockage en milieu géologique profond." Reims, 2005. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000168.pdf.
Full textThe storage of high-level nuclear wastes in a geological disposal is based on the concept of confinement by a multibarrier system. Transport by groundwaters is the most likely means for radionuclides to migrate through the engineered and geological barriers. Understanding processes which could delay this migration is therefore fundamental to ensure the timelessness of a deep geological repository. The present study was initiated to investigate sorption processes between sulfides minerals, present as inclusions in temperate soils, and two long-life fission products, iodine and selenium. All experiments were performed in strict anoxic conditions in order to prevent the studied solids (pyrite FeS2 and chalcopyrite CuFeS2) from oxidation. Potentiometric studies showed a weak reactivity of the metallic sulfides surfaces attributed to a low specific surface. Sorption experiments showed no affinity between iodide and metallic sulfides surfaces whereas selenium was well retained by the differents solids. Spectroscopic studies (XPS and XANES) showed a reduction of SeIV to Se-II on the sulfide surfaces. Selenium behaviour was finally described with the diffuse layer model using the surface complexation theory
Tertre, Emmanuel. "Adsorption de Cs+, Ni2+ et des lanthanides sur une kaolinite et une smectite jusqu'à 150°C : étude expérimentale et modélisation." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30108.
Full textThe motivation for this study is to assess the temperature effect on the clay minerals sorption properties. Sorption and desorption of Cs+, Ni2+ et Ln3+ onto a montmorillonite and a kaolinite were performed by batch experiments between 25 and 150°C, and in different pH and ionic strengths conditions. Sorption enthalpies varying between 0 and 80kJ/mol were then calculated. For europium, surface spectroscopic analyses confirmed that the mechanism involved is adsorption, including at 150°C. Moreover, this method allowed us to obtain qualitatively the different adsorption equilibrium occurring during the reaction. An acid/base study of the clay surfaces was performed in order to assess the temperature effect on the surface charge of these minerals. Then, a surface complexation model including edge sites and structural sites was proposed to interpret the acid/base data and the europium sorption data
Gao, Pengyuan. "Theoretical Studies of the Interaction between U(VI) and Mineral Surfaces." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ORLE1074.
Full textStudies of the adsorption characteristics of key radionuclides in the host rock and buffer/backfill materials of deep geological repositories for high-level waste (HLW) are fundamental to the designand safety assessment. Uranium is a radionuclide of widespread interest due to its relatively high abundance in nature and its central role in the nuclear fuel cycle, while U(VI) is the most relevant oxidation state in most surface waters and oxygenated groundwater. The adsorption of U(VI) on the surfaces of various minerals has been extensively investigated by conventional batch experimentsand spectroscopic techniques. Possible complexation sites and surface species have been proposed,but it is still challenging to able to obtain mechanistically precise insights at the microscopic level.Information at the molecular level is essential to understand the physicochemical mechanisms involved in the experiments and to develop predictive models for the relevant environments.Theoretical computations have been proven to be an effective tool for studying the chemical processesof radionuclides at the mineral-water interface. In this thesis, the structural characteristics and adsorption mechanisms of U(VI) species on the surfaces of the main component minerals of granite(orthoclase and quartz) and buffer/backfill materials (montmorillonite) of the deep geological repository were calculated by first-principles calculations. The polymerization mechanisms of U(VI) species in aqueous solution and on mineral surfaces were investigated. In addition, the effect of local structural changes of montmorillonite on the nature of the adsorption reaction on the surface was also systematically investigated
Emmanuel, Tertre. "Modélisation des propriétés d'adsorption des minéraux argileux gonflants vis-à-vis de cations inorganiques." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Poitiers, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984348.
Full textBengtsson, Åsa. "Solubility and Surface Complexation Studies of Apatites." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemi, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1408.
Full textBengtsson, Åsa. "Solubility and surface complexation studies of apatites /." Umeå : Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1408.
Full textWu, Liuming. "Surface complexation at calcium mineral-water interfaces." Doctoral thesis, Luleå, 1994. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-25727.
Full textGodkänd; 1994; 20070429 (ysko)
Taillon, Kate. "Modeling surface complexation relationships in forest and agricultural soil." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82435.
Full textGisler, Thomas. "From surface complexation models to dressed colloidal particles : experiments and theory /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1995. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=11042.
Full textRasmiwetti. "Etude par spectroscopie moléculaire et modélisation de la complexation de la fonction catéchol par l'aluminium (III)." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-7.pdf.
Full textPayne, Timothy Ernest Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "URANIUM (VI) INTERACTIONS WITH MINERAL SURFACES: CONTROLLING FACTORS AND SURFACE COMPLEXATION MODELLING." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1999. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/17482.
Full textPEYRE, VERONIQUE. "Stabilite de dispersions colloidales nanometriques de zircone : effet de la complexation de surface." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066330.
Full textAssos, Charalambos. "Organic ligand complexation reactions on aluminium-bearing mineral surfaces studied via in-situ multiple internal reflection infrared spectroscopy, adsorption experiments, and surface complexation modelling." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/organic-ligand-complexation-reactions-on-aluminiumbearing-mineral-surfaces-studied-via-insitu-multiple-internal-reflection-infrared-spectroscopy-adsorption-experiments-and-surface-complexation-modelling(43f53df4-8d74-4237-a67e-9b86f2dee9ac).html.
Full textYane, Lawrence. "Experimental study of aqueous and mineral surface Al-aniline and Al-2-chloroaniline complexation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ37179.pdf.
Full textRichter, Anke, A. Vahle, Cordula Nebelung, and Vinzenz Brendler. "Development of a Mineral-Specific Sorption Database for Surface Complexation Modeling (Final Report and Manual)." Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-28842.
Full textRichter, Anke, A. Vahle, Cordula Nebelung, and Vinzenz Brendler. "Development of a Mineral-Specific Sorption Database for Surface Complexation Modeling (Final Report and Manual)." Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, 2004. https://hzdr.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21711.
Full textDe, Decker Yannick. "Modélisation des réactions de surface à l'échelle mésoscopique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210936.
Full textReactions such as those encountered in heterogeneous catalysis form a specific class of non-equilibrium, nonlinear systems: they take place on low-dimensional supports, the surfaces, exhibiting a particularly restricted geometry. Because of this geometrical restriction, fluctuation-induced nanometric self-organization can spontaneously arise and can lead to a compartmentalization of the reactants and the products. We use mesoscopic stochastic simulations and theoretical approaches to model the dynamics at these scales and to understand the connection between the microscopic details of the processes and the macroscopic rate laws for concentrations. In particular, we study the propagation of waves, the emergence of coherent oscillatory and explosive behaviors and apply these techniques for the modeling of experimental systems such as the H2+O2/Rh reaction with co-adsorbed potassium or the NO+H2 reaction on platinum.
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation chimie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Gallitelli, Donato. "Traitements de surface mécaniques : modélisation et caractérisations expérimentales." Thesis, Troyes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TROY0013.
Full textMechanical surface treatments are widely used in manufacturing industries in order to improve mechanical properties of materials. Among them, shot peening is certainly the most known, even if ultrasonic shot peening and laser shock peening are becoming more and more common. This work consists in a large study of shot peening, divided in three parts.The first one is focused on the conception of a semi analytical model for residual stress prediction after conventional shot peening or ultrasonic shot peening. An approach able to chain the whole shot peening process, starting from process parameters to residual stress field in a structure is proposed. Several numerical simulations of shot-body impacts are carried out in order to determine the parameters of the model.In the second part of this work, a characterization of the ultrasonic shot peening process is performed thanks to many experimental measurements and shot dynamic simulations.The last part of this PhD work corresponds to an experimental analysis focused on the combination of ultrasonic shot peeing with gas nitriding on a martensitic steel. A comparison between ultrasonic shot peening, conventional shot peeing and laser shock peening effects is finally proposed
Gustafsson, Åsa. "Sorption and weathering properties of naturally occurring chlorites." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Chemistry, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1819.
Full textChlorite is a ferrous silicate mineral occurring as afracture filling mineral in the Swedish granite bedrock thatsurrounds the area of the candidate Swedish geologicalrepositories for nuclear waste.
To investigate the importance of chlorites as a naturalbarrier for radionuclide migration sorption of Ni(II) onto anatural chlorite was chosen as the studied system. The sorptionbehaviour was studied using batch technique under differentexperimental conditions by varying the concentration ofbackground electrolyte, pH and initial nickel concentration.Our experiments showed that sorption is dependent of pH; belowpH 4 no sorption occurs and in the pH range 7-11 the sorptionmaxima was found. The sorption shows no dependence of ionicstrength in our experiments and together with pH dependency weconclude that the sorption of nickel to chlorite is mostlyoccurring through surface complexation. The distributioncoefficient, Kd, was determined for our results and in the range formaximal sorption the Kdis approximately 103cm3/g.
Our experimental data were described using a diffuse doublelayer model, including strong and weak surface sites, in thesoftware PHREECQ and the results obtained from PHREEQC werealso used for a fit of the data in the software FITEQL. Thesurface complexes that dominate the sorption of nickel tochlorite from our model are Chl_ONi+(weak) and for pH above 9 Chl_ONi(OH)-(weak). Flow-through technique was used in ourinvestigations regarding the dissolution rate of a naturalchlorite and the experimental results show that the dissolutionrate of chlorite is strongly pH dependent and at pH 2 thehighest dissolution rate (RSi) could be determined to 7• 10-11mol/(m2s) based on silica data.
Keywords:chlorite, nickel, sorption, surfacecomplexation, dissolution rate.
Eteer, Shahrazad A. "The physical chemistry of corticosteroid-cyclodextrin complexes: The Host-guest Chemistry of Corticosteroid and Cyclodextrin Systems Elucidated with NMR and Applied to Novel Surface-decorated Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Probes." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17379.
Full textCot, Amelie. "Fonctionnalisation de surface pour la micromanipulation : modélisation et expérimentation." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2058/document.
Full textOn the micrometer scale, surface forces applied to the object are significant comparedto volume forces. In order to overcome the adhesion phenomenon caused by thesescale effects, contactless microrobotics appears promising. Our work is mergingwith microrobotics and chemistry of surfaces. The objective of this thesis is topropose a method of micromanipulation based on innovative surface chemistry tocontrol electrostatic forces. The principle is based on the electric charges generatedby pH dependent chemical functions when placed in liquid medium. Modeling ofthe interaction between a surface and a micro- functionalized object is based onthe exploitation of the phenomenon of the electrical double layer. Two surfacefunctionalization principles were used, (i) self-assembled monolayers (APTES),and (ii) electrodeposition of polymer films (polyaniline , polypyrrole) that enablelocalized deposits. The results highlight the interest of using electrostatic chemicalforces for micromanipulation applications
Heniche, Mourad. "Modélisation tridimensionnelle par éléments finis d'écoulements à surface libre." Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMPD801.
Full textQuemar, Pierrick. "Modélisation et analyse numérique des écoulements à surface libre." Thesis, Paris 13, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA131022.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested by Finite Elements methods for the three-dimensional free surface Navier–Stokes equations under the ALE formulation. They enable to simulate geophysical flows. The initial and main goal is to analyse the existing limitations of these numerical methods and to provide perspectives of improvement, justified mathematically.This purpose helps us to present a review and improvement way for Telemac-3D, which is a hydrodynamics industrial software developed by the Laboratoire National d’Hydraulique et Environnement of EDF R&D. Therefore, we analyse precisely and we evaluate this algorithm, with respect to the recent scientific publications. This software solves the free surface Navier–Stokes equations with the decomposition of the pressure through a hydrostatic part and a dynamic part. A major limitation is that the velocity field of the fluid is not divergence-free. Furthermore, we highlight a time restriction on the time step. Moreover, alternative approaches are studied and compared. In particular, we focus on a numerical strategy which consists in advecting the free surface, in updating the domain and in solving the Navier–Stokes equations. Based on this strategy, we analyze a first order explicit scheme in time with a Finite Elements stabilization term. The numerical method allows to ensure important properties : the mass conservation of the water quantity and the weak free divergence condition. We demonstrate that this scheme is conditionally stable in time. Besides, we propose a new variational formulation allowing to obtain a semi-implicit scheme in time combined with the Finite Elements method,which is stable independently from the velocity of the mesh and without an exact free divergence velocity.Finally, in order to expand the hydrodynamic knowledges, some simplified models used in other software developed by EDF R&D are studied. In particular, we focus on the mild-slope equation solved in the software Artemis [51]. It is an asymptotic model derived from the linear water wave equation. As a consequence, we study the hypothesis and the validity of the derivation. An approximate analytical solution is additionally derived for this purpose. Moreover, comparisons with other asymptotic models, such as the linear shallow water equation or the Helmholtz equation, are presented
Benzekri, Tounsia. "Modélisation des ondes de surface dans un formalisme hamiltonien." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX11031.
Full textKonté, Cheick-Suhaibou. "Modélisation de l'atténuation du signal EMG diaphragmatique de surface." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENS009.
Full textThe detection of diaphragmatic EMG signal by surface is a hard measure. The attenuation induced by the different tissues lying on the way diaphragm electrode and low amplitude potentials are generated to cause a signal to noise ratio which makes the analysis of the signal difficult. In this thesis, we propose to evaluate the levels of attenuation at two steps: A first level called "large volume" of considering the thorax as homogeneous and consists of lung tissue and to assess the diaphragmatic attenuation as a function of distance fiber electrode and the conductivity of the lung tissue. The desire to compare modeling results with experimental measurements, led us to consider the specific case of measuring esophageal coupled with phrenic nerve stimulation. We used an experimental design to analyze the different parameters of influence. This first approach was based on an analytical model. A second level is to take into account the effect of inhomogeneities on the path fiber electrode. This stage, conducted prospectively, is here focused on the analysis of the influence of ratings on the signal attenuation. At this scale, the confrontation with the measurement becomes more difficult and we propose a study based solely on modeling. The latter is conducted by using finite elements
Zhu, Yu. "Modélisation de structures à haute impédance." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00621152/en/.
Full textZhao, Yujia. "Sorption de l’ion uranyle sur la silice en présence d’acides carboxyliques à courte chaine." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112281.
Full textUnderstanding the migration behaviour of radionuclides is essential for a reliable long-term safety assessment of nuclear waste disposal sites. In this study, we focus on the sorption behaviour of uranyl ion (model of hexavalent actinides) on silica gel (reference oxide presents in soils) in the presence of the simplest monocarboxylic acids (to model the organic matters or to be degradation products of cellulose issued from nuclear industry). Moreover, no investigation has been reported on their interactions in previous studies, while the main part of studies on ternary systems concerns the effect of humic or fulvic substances. In this work, the studies of uranyl ion and acids uptake in sorption systems have been performed by combining the macroscopic sorption data and the spectroscopic informations of the surface complexes. The sorption edges as function of pH for different systems indicate that the increase of organics concentration results in a decrease of uranyl ion retention in the following order: propionate > acetate > formate, which can be interpreted as their complexing capacity with uranyl ion in solution. ATR – FTIR and TRLFS are applied to carry out the structural information of sorbed uranyl ion and carboxylic acids at the silica/electolyte interface. Both techniques show a good agreement that the presence of acids changes the environments of sorbed uranyl and suggest the existence of “silica-uranyl-organic” ternary surface complexe when acetic or propionic acid presents. Infrared spectroscopy shows also that the coordination between uranyl ion and carboxylate group is “chelating-bidentate” coordination type. Based on these structural investigations, the sorption edges are simulated effectively and the reaction constants are then obtained by using the constant capacitance surface complexation model
Palombi, Olivier. "Modélisation anatomique par surfaces implicites à squelettes." Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0189.
Full textComputer-based anatomical models are generated from data set of seriai 2D sections (medical imaging, histological sections). The goal of this thesis is to present an original method to build 3D-models using skeleton-based implicit surfaces. First, a geometric skeleton (g-skeleton) is extracted, for each structures sectioned in one plan, from the medial axis computed in a distance map (chanfrein distance are used). We propose to use g-skeleton to calculate an i-skeleton. This skeleton could be used to compute implicit surfaces. A convolution surface with variable radius along the i-skeleton allows reconstruction of outlines of the initial structures without optimisation computation. The 3D reconstruction from a set of contours is realised using a blending function between two adjacent plans. The implicit surface resulting is a continued surface witch interlopes contours
Palombi, Olivier. "Modélisation anatomique par surfaces implicites à squelettes." Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0189.
Full textComputer-based anatomical models are generated from data set of seriai 2D sections (medical imaging, histological sections). The goal of this thesis is to present an original method to build 3D-models using skeleton-based implicit surfaces. First, a geometric skeleton (g-skeleton) is extracted, for each structures sectioned in one plan, from the medial axis computed in a distance map (chanfrein distance are used). We propose to use g-skeleton to calculate an i-skeleton. This skeleton could be used to compute implicit surfaces. A convolution surface with variable radius along the i-skeleton allows reconstruction of outlines of the initial structures without optimisation computation. The 3D reconstruction from a set of contours is realised using a blending function between two adjacent plans. The implicit surface resulting is a continued surface witch interlopes contours
Johnson, Richard Kwesi. "TEMPO-oxidized Nanocelluloses: Surface Modification and use as Additives in Cellulosic Nanocomposites." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29342.
Full textPh. D.
Linarès, Isabelle. "Modélisation du réacteur de galvanisation en continu." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECAP0606.
Full textChagroune, Lakhdar. "Modélisation de l'émissivité d'une surface en utilisant une approche fractale." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL115N.
Full textSchaer, Nicolas. "Modélisation des écoulements à surface libre de fluides non-newtoniens." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAD033/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to develop a 3D numerical model to assess debris flow. These viscous flows, heavily loaded with solid matter, form when heavy rain occurs in mountains. Today, forecasts of potentially impacted areas are based on 0D, 1D and 2D numerical tools. However, these tools cannot fully represent the free surface behaviour of debris flows due to the approximations and assumptions on which they are based. Thus, this work utilises a 3D numerical code to study this phenomenon. A specific model is built with real field data. Several flow scenarios are studied and compared with a 2D numerical model. The results highlight the significant benefits of a 3D approach by providing information on the fine representation of flow dynamics over the catchment area. The model also predicts the impact of debris flow (overflowing on a road bridge) and the zones of deposition and spreading. It highlights possible congestion phenomena and reproduces flows in the channels by fully accounting for parietal friction, capabilities not provided by 2D models. Prior to this application, the 3D model was evaluated with five sets of experimental data to validate its ability to represent viscoplastic flows. Different types of flows are studied and are representative of those observed on real sites when debris flow occur
Lützenkirchen, Johannes. "Description des interactions aux interfaces liquide - solide a l'aide des modeles de complexation et de precipitation de surface." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13111.
Full textTurcotte, Maxime. "Modélisation numérique d’un impact entre une surface d’eau et une motomarine." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6822.
Full textWertel, Jonathan. "Modélisation tridimensionnelle des écoulements turbulents en conduite d'assainissement à surface libre." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6232.
Full textThe aim of this work is the interpolation of a mean flow stream from discreet data supplied by a Doppler velocimeter. This is why a precise flow modeling needs to be implemented in a code designed for sewer net conduit. A 2D mesh is used to calculate 3D velocity flow. This work deals with the description of a Reynolds stress model for the numerical modeling of uniform 3D turbulent open-channel flows. The turbulence model is low-Reynolds one in order to enable the viscosity-affected region to be resolved including the viscous sublayer. Therefore, in order to consider the damping effects at the free surface and the redistribution of turbulent kinetic energy effects at the wall, a combinations of (Shir, 1973), (Gibson & Launder, 1978) and (Cokljat, 1993) models are added to the pressure-strain term. The finite volume method is used for the numerical solution (with Matlab) of the flow equations and transport equations of the Reynolds stress components. K-ε model has been implanted to compare with the developed model; it is found that both production terms by anisotropy of Reynolds normal stress and by Reynolds shear stress contribute to the generation of secondary currents. The results presented here are compared with results predicted by the RSM model of (Kang & Choi, 2005) employing wall functions and with experimental data of (Nezu & Rodi, 1985). There is a good agreement between the measurements and the results predicted. Effects of low corner’s wall shear stress on Reynolds stress are underlined. The computed flow vectors in the plane normal to the main flow direction show secondary currents and moreover a small vortex, called inner secondary currents, located at the juncture of the sidewall and the free surface. Then experimental cases are modeled, good agreement of flow rate predicted with measurement was found. Finally test bench has been created for velocity channel measurements. An automated portal structure has been assembled all around a 20m long channel to fix onto the ADV and PIV sensors
Al, Mikdad Ouacim. "Modélisation des écoulements à surface libre en réseaux maillés et ramifiés." Compiègne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000COMP1322.
Full textZhang, Bainian. "Modélisation d'écoulements à surface libre avec fronts mobiles par éléments finis." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD500.
Full textMsheik, Khawla. "Fluides non newtoniens avec surface libre : modélisation et caractère bien posé." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALM050.
Full textThe work in this thesis falls in the category of comprehending dynamical systems relatedto thin liquid films driven by gravity; mainly shallow water models and lubrication equations.From a modeling point of view, we have derived from one hand 3-equation shallow water modelsfor Newtonian fluids with constant viscosity that describe the evolution of the fluid’s height, velocityand a new defined variable equivalent to the shear rate. Such models succeed in capturingunstable regimes and in giving satisfactory numerical results for the instability threshold andthe wave speed at moderate distance from threshold. On the other hand, a lubrication equationand a shallow water model were derived for a non Newtonian fluid- known as a bi-viscousfluid- whose rheology approximates that of pseudo plastic and Bingham fluids. Concerning theanalysis part, the global existence of nonnegative weak solutions for lubrication equations, suchas the Derrida-Lebowitz-Speer-Spohn equation, is proved starting from nonnegative weak solutionsfor appropriate viscous shallow-water equations (playing with drag terms and capillarityformula). The novelty in this work is to show that the BF entropy which is introduced forlubrication equations in the context of thin films is encoded inside the BD entropy introducedfor compressible Navier Stokes equations with density dependent viscosity. We also investigatethe dissipative solution of Navier Stokes system of Oldroyd-B rheology, as well as the globalweak solution for degenerate lake system of Bingham rheology
Nowak, Virginie. "Modification des propriétés de surface de polyacide faible greffé." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066398.
Full textDavantes, Athenaïs. "Apport de la spectroscopie infra-rouge in situ à l'étude des réactions de complexation à l'interface solide/solution." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066369/document.
Full textOur study focuses on the identification of (poly)molybdate and (poly)tungstate ions sorption mechanisms on various substrates : layered double hydroxides (LDH) and iron (hydr)oxide (hematite, goethite, akaganeite and lepidocrocite). Attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) is one of the few methods that allow in situ analysis and observation of sorption mechanisms in real time directly on surfaces. Thus, information on surface speciation and the geometry of the sorbed species (monodentate, bidentate, polyanion, …) can be obtained. We were able to determine the reactivity differences between the materials during the sorption. Ion exchange (outer sphere) with polyoxometalate takes place within layered double hydroxides, while inner sphere complexes were observed on iron (hydr)oxides, with different geometries according to the structure of the solid surface. The experimental study was supported by vibrational calculations by ab initio DFT, which confirmed the surface geometry of the absorbed species observed by infrared spectroscopy
Doh, Yannick Nikienta. "Modélisation multiphysique du convertisseur d'aciérie." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0136/document.
Full textThe present thesis treats different phenomena taking place in a steelmaking converter through the development of two separate models. The first model describes the cavity produced at the free surface of the metal bath by the high speed impinging oxygen jet. It is based on a zonal approach, where gas compressibility effects are taken into account only in the high velocity jet region while elsewhere the gas is treated as incompressible. The Volume Of Fluid (VOF) method is employed to follow the deformation of the bath free surface. Calculations are presented for two- and three-phase systems and compared against experimental data obtained in various cold model experiments. The influence on the size and shape of the cavity of various parameters (including the jet inlet boundary conditions, the VOF advection scheme and the turbulence modelling) is studied. Next, the model is used to simulate the interaction of a supersonic oxygen jet with the surface of a liquid steel bath in a pilot-scale converter. The second model concentrates on fluid flow, heat transfer and the post-combustion reaction in the gas phase above the metal bath. It uses the Simple Chemical Reaction Scheme approach to describe the transport of the chemical species and takes into account the consumption of oxygen by the bath and thermal radiative transfer. The numerical predictions are in reasonable agreement with measurements collected in a laboratory experiment and in a pilot-scale furnace
Noerpel, Matthew Robet. "Surface Complexes Of Lead And Organic Acids At The Hematite / Water Interface." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1439904226.
Full textVandenborre, Johan. "Etude multi-échelle des mécanismes d'interaction des ions aquo uranyle avec les surfaces de l'oxyde de titane (poudres et monocristaux)." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011473.
Full textZazzi, Åsa. "Chlorite: Geochemical properties, Dissolution kinetcis and Ni(II) sorption." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Kemi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10139.
Full textSverige är ett av de länder som planerar ett geologiskt slutförvar kallad KBS-3, bestående av ett antal barriärer, för placering utav det använda kärnbränslet. En av dessa barriärer är identifierad som själva berggrunden där det tilltänkta förvaret kommer att byggas och i denna miljö förekommer klorit på granitytor i sprickzoner. Denna doktorsavhandling karakteriserar kloriter och studerar deras upplösnings- och sorptionsbeetende, för att kunna bestämma huruvida kloriter är utav betydelse som naturlig barriär för eventuell radionuklidtransport från det använda kärnbränslet. Upplösning av klorit har undersökts i pH intervallet 2-12 och graden av upplösningen är som förväntat högst vid sura respektive mest basiska pH och lägst där pH är neutralt. Denna studie bekräftar att den kemiska sammansättning och de fysikaliska egenskaper hos kloriterna påverkar upplösningshastigheterna och vid steady‑state har upplösningshastighet bestämts till 10-12 ‑ 10-13 mol g-1 s-1. Sorptionsstudier genomfördes då Ni(II) är en viktig aktiveringsprodukt och data rörande Ni(II) sorption till klorit saknas. Ni(II) sorption till klorit har studerats i; varierande pH, olika initiala Ni(II) koncentrationen, olika jonstyrka och olika fastfas förhållanden där individuella satser i serie har nyttjats. Som förväntat är sorptionen av Ni(II) till klorit pH beroende men inte jonstyrkeberoende och ett sorpions maximum observerades vid pH ~ 8, med ett Kd‑värde på ~ 103 cm3/g. Från detta dras slutsatsen att sorptionen av Ni(II) till klorit sker mestadels genom ytkomplexering. Syra-bas egenskaperna hos kloriterna bestämdes genom titreringar och bekrevs med en icke‑elektrostatisk modell i FITEQL. Vidare har passning av sorptionsresultaten utförts med en 2-pK NEM-modell och tre ytkomplex, Chl_OHNi2+, Chl_OHNi(OH)+ och Chl_OHNi(OH)2, vilket gav den bästa passningen av data med FITEQL.
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Nelson, Hanna. "Modelling precipitation and surface complexation reactions in systems with Goethite, Cu(II) and Oxyanions Containing As(V) or P(V)." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-52970.
Full textBacon, Charles Guy David. "Surface complexation of Pb and Zn onto birnessite (δ-MnO₂) : soils and groundwater controls on pollution in soils and groundwater." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.687595.
Full textMarchand, Jean-Luc. "Contribution à la modélisation du procédé de nitruration ionique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10180.
Full textGarnier, Cédric. "Modélisation et évaluation des équilibres de complexation entre la matière organique naturelle, les métaux traces et le proton : Applications aux eaux naturelles." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009140.
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