Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modélisation de l'habitat'
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Passard, Joelle. "Etude des écoulements d'air dans l'habitat : modélisation, application à la thermique du bâtiment." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA077166.
Song, Heon. "Modélisation de l'activité créative pluridisciplinaire en conception architecturale centrée utilisateur : application à l'habitat d'urgence." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure d'arts et métiers - ENSAM, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00567238.
Lezama, Calvo Jinmi Gregory. "Étude, modélisation et conception d'un système de détection de défauts d'arcs électriques pour l'habitat." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0211/document.
The electrical arc faults are the cause of electrical home fire. Detecting them is an improvement of domestic electrical safety. The thesis contribution focuses on the problem of the electrical arc fault identification and detection in the domestic low voltage network. In this thesis, the first research objective is the modeling of a domestic electrical network. The aim of the modeling is to recreate graphically the loads and the topology of the real domestic electrical network associated with a series electrical arc fault. The modeling is made on the AC voltage source, domestic loads, arc fault model and a block of current and voltage analysis to control a circuit breaker. The second research objective is the development of a robust method for detecting arcing fault. Four detecting methods were developed as part of this thesis; they are based on the current analysis of frequency and time characteristics. All methods generate information whose amplitude tends to increase in the presence of an electric arc. However, the non-deterministic and random feature of the signals produced by the electrical arc fault as well as the large number and variability of loads and the disturbances which they introduce make the arc detection very difficult. All the studies consistently are composed of a comparison between the normal operation and arc fault signals. The result has resulted in a combined approach of some methodologies and a simple decision model based on a threshold. A prototype which contains a part of the algorithm was shown the feasibility of a circuit in real time
Lezama, Calvo Jinmi Gregory. "Étude, modélisation et conception d'un système de détection de défauts d'arcs électriques pour l'habitat." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0211.
The electrical arc faults are the cause of electrical home fire. Detecting them is an improvement of domestic electrical safety. The thesis contribution focuses on the problem of the electrical arc fault identification and detection in the domestic low voltage network. In this thesis, the first research objective is the modeling of a domestic electrical network. The aim of the modeling is to recreate graphically the loads and the topology of the real domestic electrical network associated with a series electrical arc fault. The modeling is made on the AC voltage source, domestic loads, arc fault model and a block of current and voltage analysis to control a circuit breaker. The second research objective is the development of a robust method for detecting arcing fault. Four detecting methods were developed as part of this thesis; they are based on the current analysis of frequency and time characteristics. All methods generate information whose amplitude tends to increase in the presence of an electric arc. However, the non-deterministic and random feature of the signals produced by the electrical arc fault as well as the large number and variability of loads and the disturbances which they introduce make the arc detection very difficult. All the studies consistently are composed of a comparison between the normal operation and arc fault signals. The result has resulted in a combined approach of some methodologies and a simple decision model based on a threshold. A prototype which contains a part of the algorithm was shown the feasibility of a circuit in real time
Kooptarnond, Chukiat. "Contribution à l'étude d'un stockage semi-saisonier dans le sol pour l'habitat individuel : modélisation et expérimentation." Toulouse, INSA, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ISAT0007.
Glad, Anouk. "Modélisation de l'habitat des tétraonidés dans le massif du Jura : apport de la télédétection LiDAR aéroportée." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV070/document.
In the general context of biodiversity erosion, two forest bird species occurring in the French Jura massif, the Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) and the Hazel Grouse (Bonasa bonasia), are threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation at the regional scale. In particular, intensive beech regeneration patches extension in the Jura massif is leading to the transformation of the understory cover, once suitable with bilberry and herbaceous vegetation, to closed unfavorable habitat. The fate of those two emblematic species is depending for the first on future management actions and for the second on a better knowledge of the species population’s dynamics and occurrences. In particular, the cutting of the beech regeneration patches is one of the efficient management actions undertaken to restore the habitat. However, management actions and surveys are money and time consuming due to the large area that need to be covered. The opportunity to use two Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) datasets covering a major part of the distribution of the two species in the Jura massif initiated the phD project, with the objective to support managers in their decisions and actions by the creation of adapted distribution predicted maps using Species Distribution Models (SDMs) (Hazel Grouse, Capercaillie and beech regeneration). The realization of this objective is depending on the reliability of the models produced and on the capacity of the researcher to transfer the results to managers who are not familiar with modeling methods. In a first step, the choice of the appropriate modeling method regarding the datasets characteristics and the objectives was investigated (sampling bias correction, scales, and algorithms). In addition, the use of object-oriented LiDAR predictors (trees and gaps) pertinent from both species and managers point of view to facilitate the results transfer was tested. The results obtained were used to create appropriate multi-scale SDMs and to predict distribution maps for both target species, demonstrating the capacity of LiDAR to represent vegetation structures that influence the targeted forest bird species occurrences. Models at a fine scale were also created to map the beech regeneration distribution in the Jura massif
Labonne, Jacques. "Contribution à la conservation de l'apron du Rhône (Zingel asper) : dynamique des populations, sélection de l'habitat et modélisation." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10044.
Seck, Cheikh. "Analyse et modélisation du comportement thermique d'un système de préchauffage d'air neuf pour l'habitat, intégrant un matériau à changement de phase." Thesis, Artois, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ARTO0204.
The objective of this thesis is to study an integrated energy system in the building envelope for fresh air preheating. The originality of the work is that the wall is equipped with phase-change material (MCP) packed into briquettes. The main role ofthe wall is to preheat the fresh air (coming from outside) by destocking the solar energy captured in sunny periods.Our study consists of two phases, an experimental phase and a numerical one. The experimental phase involves a series of tests that allow studying the thermal behaviour of the system under thermal stress. These tests were done in laboratory through a prototype of the wall which is instrumented and installed between two airconditioned cells.The purpose of the numerical phase is to develop a one-dimensional model to simulate the thermal behaviour of the wall and especially that of MCP. This model has been validated by comparing numerical results with those obtained experimentally. To model the phase changing we used the thermophysical parameters of the same material obtained by experimental characterization conducted in our laboratory.We used a variable capacity method whose principle is to vary the heat capacity as a function of temperature in order to simulate the phase changing of the wall. The last part of the numerical work is the exploitation of the model, the aim is to determine the optimal configuration of the wall that provides maximum energy savings. Dynamic simulation of the system was performed using the TRNSYS. This one is equipped with weather files which allow carrying out heat balances and the estimation of the system efficiency for various climates
Hernández, Olga. "Modélisation eulérienne de l'habitat de ponte et de la dynamique des larves des anchois et sardines dans le système d'upwelling du Pérou." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1664/.
The Humboldt Current System is the most productive oceanic system in terms of fish biomass. Its main species, the Peruvian anchovy (Engraulis ringens) and sardine (Sardinops sagax), have known important historical variations of their stocks, a particularity which has questioned oceanographers for many years. The goal of the present work is to implement an eulerian approach focusing on the early life stages of peruvian anchovy and sardine, in order to study the influence of environmental parameters and climate variability on population dynamics and stocks variability. The model is adapted from the "Spatial Eulerian Ecosystem and Population Dynamic Model" SEAPODYM, initially developed for large pelagic fishes at ocean basin scale. It uses the outputs of a regional ROMS-PISCES coupled physical-biogeochemical model as environmental forcing. In order to constrain model parameters, we developed a data assimilation framework using a unique dataset of eggs and larvae abundances, collected by the Instituto del Mar del Peru (IMARPE) in the HCS waters over the last 40 years. This framework allows to test different mechanisms proposed to control fish spawning habitat and larval recruitment: optimal temperature, prey abundance, trade-off between preys and predators, and influence of currents on retention and dispersion. We show that the combination of a few simple concepts can reasonably explain the overall spatial distribution of eggs and larvae and the interannual variability, but the current description is still not sufficient to explain the observed abundance seasonality in coastal areas
Bady, Pierre. "Modélisation de la relation entre la variabilité de l'habitat et la diversité fonctionnelle : application aux peuplements de macroinvertébrés des grands cours d'eau européens." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10053.
Escriba, Christophe. "Conception, réalisation et caractérisation de capteurs infrarouges à thermopiles : application à la détection de présence passive dans l'habitat." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00088644.
Cordier, Mateo. "Ecosystème estuarien et système économique régional: faisabilité d'une intégration par modélisation input-output : application au cas de l'habitat halieutique dans l'estuaire de la Seine." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209905.
Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Abbes, Dhaker. "Contribution au dimensionnement et à l'optimisation des systèmes hybrides éoliens-photovoltaïques avec batteries pour l'habitat résidentiel autonome." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2254/document.
This thesis is a contribution to the study of photovoltaic-wind-battery hybrid systems for several aspects: source evaluation, modeling and simulation, design optimization and finally control and supervision. Thus, an impact study on the evaluation of renewable energy potential at a given site taking into account consumption in residential housing (period and method of data acquisition, evaluation techniques...) is presented. In addition, all the components of the system are modeled and economic and ecological aspects are defined in order to make an overall assessment of various system configurations. All models are represented using Matlab/Simulink tool. Then, a methodology for single and multi-objective design optimization of a multi-source system is developed to minimize system Life Cycle Cost (LCC), Embodied Energy (EE) and Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP). A "practice solution" is thus retained and evaluated. Results show a low environmental impact and a reasonable economic cost as well as a satisfaction of the load within the limits tolerated by the user. Besides, a very convincing comparison of the developed sizing method to an existing commercial tool is presented. At the end, an experimental PV-wind-battery tested is developed in laboratory to ensure a quasi-realistic emulation of hybrid system behavior for different configurations. Accordingly, a new supervision strategy based on currents control and battery state of charge estimation is successfully validated
Rafidiarison, Helisoa Mamy. "Etudes expérimentales des transferts de masse et de chaleur dans les parois des constructions en bois, en vue de leur modélisation. Applications aux économies d'énergie et au confort dans l'habitat." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0077.
Coupled heat and moisture transfer through hygroscopic materials, particularly wood and wood-based products are difficult to model. This is partly due to some specific and complex properties of these materials that are often not included in numerical models. Currently, only a few numerical models are able to predict accurately the hygrothermal performance of wooden building envelope. The aim of this work is to assess the heat and moisture transfer in wooden building envelope through experiments and validate the prediction capacity of a numerical model developed to simulate hygrothermal behavior of envelope including wooden materials. After giving a theoretical reminder of the coupled heat and moisture transfer through building envelope and reporting the results of previous studies in this field, we will give details of the experimental investigation on heat and moisture transfer through timber walls. Firstly, the experimental apparatus used for the wall tests is presented. Then, we will analysis the hygrothermal performance of wooden walls provided by the partners of the TRANSBATIBOIS project in which this work was achieved. Experimental works achieved for Buildingpore model validation and results of the comparisons between experimental assessment and numerical predictions with Buildingpore and WUFI are also reported. The third part of this study deals with the experimental assessment of wooden building envelopes exposed to climatic conditions. An analysis of the hygrothermal performance and the energy consumption of wooden test-cells is performed and reported in this part. The latest part concerns experimental works on buildings
Adra, Walaa. "Influence des indicateurs paysagers et de leur échelle d'intégration sur l'habitat d'une espèce avienne : conséquences sur la modélisation de la qualité d'habitat de la Gélinotte dans une perspective de gestion conservatoire." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00858353.
Garcia, Quintas Antonio. "Écologie de la reproduction et conservation des Laridés (mouettes et sternes) de Cuba dans un contexte anthropique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UMONG019.
The breeding ecology of tropical seabirds remains poorly known even though understanding the ins and out of this critical life stage is essential for assessing the state of tropical marine ecosystems, or for evaluating marine spatial plans and the (re)design of marine protected areas. Within the Caribbean basin, Cuba stands out for hosting a large number of breeding seabirds, but also for lacking critically of ecological information on them. While collecting observations at sea may still be challenging, a combined use of classical, modern and state-of-the-art field and analytical methods allows extracting more out of the existing data. This thesis addressed ecological and conservation aspects of the Laridae family (gulls and terns) in Cuba, this family of seabird species being the best represented in this tropical archipelago. The selection and suitability of breeding macro- and micro-habitats were evaluated using machine and deep learning methods on multispectral Landsat satellite images. Oceanographic variables at broad spatial scales were shown to be critical for breeding site selection, as well as vegetation and substrate for nesting site selection. Spatio-temporal trophic niche plasticity and overlap were assessed in Laridae breeding communities using the isotopic niche (δ13C vs. δ15N) as a proxy. Interspecific trophic segregation was detected based on the breadth and overlap of the isotope niches. This allowed a better understanding of the successful sympatric nesting of Laridae in Cuba, considering that adults forage in common areas within poorly productive tropical marine waters. The breeding phenology of several Laridae species and the effects of laying asynchrony on egg morphometry were characterised. Phenological patterns (from field observations and camera trap monitoring) were remarkably synchronous, while most egg morphometric variables (obtained by digital photo processing) did not reflect differences between early and late clutches. Lastly, optimisation models – used as a supporting decision tool - were implemented to evaluate the priority areas for the conservation of Laridae breeding habitats. The overlap of these priority areas with Cuba's current system of marine protected areas was found to be remarkably low. In general, the potential of Laridae as sentinels of Cuba's coastal ecosystems is highlighted. Research priorities are also identified, such as spatial foraging patterns and prey consumption by these seabirds, as well as the assessment of marine pollution risks from metals and other persistent organic pollutants
Lucas, Jean-François. "De l'immersion à l'habiter dans les mondes virtuels : le cas des villes dans Second Life." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN20010/document.
This research deals with the phenomenon of immersion in virtual worlds which are accessible "thanks to" the internet. Second Life is used as fieldwork because it allows to discuss three immersion regimes: perceptive, narrative andsocial ones. Through a formal approach (Simmel) and actor-network theory (ANT, Latour), we analyze various mediations which condition these immersion regimes: cities modeled in Second Life are studied in depth as the place to live togetherand as heterogeneous audiences and uses.Our thesis which is based on sociology also uses information and communication sciences, philosophy, geography of social space, and digital humanities. It is a transdisciplinary approach using various methods: participant observations,interviews, questionnaires. We develop an automated tracker to generate "Big Data" for the analysis of spatial practices of avatars in the digital world.We show that the immersion depends on the choice of the user (visual point of view, choice of activities, etc.) and on qualities and potentialities of Second Life (technical architecture, world map, shape of the built environment, etc.).Appropriation and attachment phenomena between actors and locations are described and allow us to observe the formalization of a "home". The various steps of this work contribute to a theory of habitat in virtual worlds
Ouellet, D'Amours Marie-Hélène. "Modélisation de l'habitat de la sauvagine en nidification dans le Québec forestier." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3400/1/M11443.pdf.
Labbé, Julie. "Modélisation de l'utilisation de l'habitat par le castor dans le Québec forestier." Mémoire, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3435/1/M11442.pdf.
Turgeon, Samuel. "Modélisation de l'utilisation de l'habitat du béluga du Saint-Laurent en fonction de ses proies à l'embouchure de la rivière Saguenay et à la baie Sainte-Marguerite." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6990.
The St. Lawrence beluga is a threatened species in Canada and protected by the Species at Risk Act in Canada. Determining the biological functions of its critical habitat is needed to ensure the recovery of the population. Parks Canada began in 2009 a monitoring of beluga preys in two of its areas of intensive use located in the Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park: the Saguenay River mouth and the Sainte-Marguerite bay. The study of the abundance and distribution of prey is achieved by hydroacoustic survey along transects using a multifrequency echo sounder. A systematic observation protocol of the beluga is conducted simultaneously with hydroacoustic surveys from land-based stations. The first objective of this study is to develop the methodology for the processing, classification and mapping of these hydroacoustic data. The main objective is to determine whether the abundance and distribution of pelagic prey influence the use of these two habitats by beluga. The mapping of the fish relative biomass was conducted for the surface layer, the depth layer and the entire water column by ordinary kriging for the two habitats for the 29 transects. At Sainte-Marguerite bay, the number of whales observed increases with fish relative biomass in the surface and deep layers. At the Saguenay River mouth, the results are not conclusive. The results suggest that feeding may be one of the biological functions of the Sainte-Marguerite bay.
Marshall, Jessica. "The effects of size and proportion of residual forest on harvesting effort and habitat quality index of three animal species using ecosystem based management scenarios in boreal forest." Mémoire, 2013. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5773/1/M12894.pdf.