Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modèles SIR'
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Bourdin, Félicien. "Modélisation macroscopique de mouvements de foule à deux types, modèles SIR condensés." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASM013.
Full textWe study in this thesis the macroscopic modelling of crowd motion in the case of a population divided in several types that may have different behaviours, as well as the development of SIR models in order to analyse the spread of an infectious disease in a school. These two issues were studied separetely. As the original topic of this thesis was crowd motion, we answered to a proposition of MODCOV19 - a platform created by CNRS and INSMI to centralize and coordinate modeling projects on the COVID-19 outbreak - to design epidemiological models adapted to school media. This work is thus composed of two independent parts. On the one hand we analyse the convergence of several numerical schemes that stem from different standpoints on the macroscopic crowd motion equation - optimal transport, gradient flow, finite volumes. We study as well the homogenization of microscopic models of particles towards the macroscopic model. We eventually investigate the inverse problem of identifying of the parameters of a model, being observed the motion of a crowd. On the other hand, we develop a class of ``condensed'' SIR models, where the epidemiological quantities are defined at the scale of groups of individuals. We formally analyse the quality of the condensation process when a full description of the interaction within the population is available. We then detail the implementation carried out in collaboration with MODCOV19
Bouzalmat, Ibrahim. "Modélisation probabiliste de la dynamique de transmission de la fièvre typhoïde à Mayotte avec étude de risques épidémiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UMONS064.
Full textThe aim of this thesis manuscript is to study the transmission of typhoid fever in Mayotte using mathematical modelling approaches. We first introduce the context of our study, the associated issues, and the objectives of the thesis. A state-of-the-art review on mathematical modeling of typhoid fever transmission is presented, highlighting the specificity of our approach. We propose an initial model in two versions, deterministic and stochastic, to describe the transmission dynamics of the disease in Mayotte. We explore the behavior of the model through numerical simulations in different scenarios, highlighting key factors of transmission. However, due to the limitations of the available dataset, we propose a simplified stochastic model and a parametric estimation method. This approach enables us to fit the model to the available data and to estimate the key characteristics of typhoid fever transmission in Mayotte. In enriching our model, we are introducing new extensions. We include a compartment for individuals exposed, taking into account the incubation period of the disease. The theoretical properties of this model are studied and illustrated by numerical simulations. In addition, we propose a parameter estimation methodology adapted to this new model, and numerical simulations have been carried out to evaluate the performance of our estimation approach. We then examine the impact of rainfall on the transmission of typhoid fever in Mayotte, using publicly available precipitation data. We identify rainfall seasonality and estimate model parameters under different regimes. The results highlight the importance of this meteorological variable in the spread of the epidemic.This manuscript opens up research perspectives, such as the extension of the model to other infectious diseases present in Mayotte and its generalisation to other territories. This work will contribute to a better understanding and management of infectious diseases in Mayotte and other similar regions
Laguzet, Laetitia. "Modélisation mathématique et numérique des comportements sociaux en milieu incertain. Application à l'épidémiologie." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090058/document.
Full textThis thesis propose a mathematical analysis of the vaccination strategies.The first part introduces the mathematical framework, in particular the Susceptible – Infected – Recovered compartmental model.The second part introduces the optimal control tools used to find an optimal vaccination strategy from the societal point of view, which is a minimizer of the societal cost. We show that the associated value function can have a less regularity than what was assumed in the literature. These results are then applied to the vaccination against the whooping cough.The third part defines a model where the cost is defined at the level of the individual. We rephrase this problem as a Nash equilibrium and compare this results with the societal strategy. An application to the Influenza A(H1N1) 2009-10 indicates the presence of inhomogeneous perceptions concerning the vaccination risks.The fourth and last part proposes a direct numerical implementation of the different strategies
Faria, Bernardes Daniel. "Information Diffusion in Complex Networks : Measurement-Based Analysis Applied to Modelling." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01001763.
Full textRomanescu, Sorin. "Modèle compact paramétrable du SCR pour applications ESD et RF." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00648390.
Full textCorlosquet-Habart, Marine. "Modélisation, impact et gestion du risque de pandémie de grippe en assurance prévoyance dans le cadre de solvabilité 2." Brest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BRES2019.
Full textThe H5N1 avian flu and the recent influenza A (H1N1) have reminded insurers that they could suffer the occurrence of a pandemic risk. The aim of this thesis is to determine how to model the spread of the influenza virus, how to quantify this risk in the context of Solvency 2 and how to cover against this risk. The first part focuses on the calculation of the human and financial costs of an influenza pandemic, and relies on the construction of an epidemiological model incorporating the specifics of the insurance business. Particular attention is paid to the practical implementation of this model using empirical data from the pandemic of influenza A (H1N1). A second part focuses on the integration of pandemic risk in a Partial Internal Model, respecting the requirements of Solvency 2. This thesis puts forward a model of mortality risk which takes into account the type of data available. This model can determine the impact of a pandemic in terms of value and capital. A third section analyzes the different cover strategies for an insurer to be able to respond to a pandemic. Several approaches are offered for consideration, and selection criteria are established to assist the decision maker in determining the optimal strategy for its activity
Dubois, Amaury. "Optimisation et apprentissage de modèles biologiques : application à lirrigation [sic l'irrigation] de pomme de terre." Thesis, Littoral, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020DUNK0560.
Full textThe subject of this PhD concerns one of the LISIC themes : modelling and simulation of complex systems, as well as optimization and automatic learning for agronomy. The objectives of the thesis are to answer the questions of irrigation management of the potato crop and the development of decision support tools for farmers. The choice of this crop is motivated by its important share in the Haut-de-France region. The manuscript is divided into 3 parts. The first part deals with continuous multimodal optimization in a black box context. This is followed by a presentation of a methodology for the automatic calibration of biological model parameters through reformulation into a black box multimodal optimization problem. The relevance of the use of inverse analysis as a methodology for automatic parameterisation of large models in then demonstrated. The second part presents 2 new algorithms, UCB Random with Decreasing Step-size and UCT Random with Decreasing Step-size. Thes algorithms are designed for continuous multimodal black-box optimization whose choice of the position of the initial local search is assisted by a reinforcement learning algorithms. The results show that these algorithms have better performance than (Quasi) Random with Decreasing Step-size algorithms. Finally, the last part focuses on machine learning principles and methods. A reformulation of the problem of predicting soil water content at one-week intervals into a supervised learning problem has enabled the development of a new decision support tool to respond to the problem of crop management
Waroux, Thomas. "Représenter la vulnérabilité transfrontalière : un modèle pour la mobilité." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0044.
Full textFrom walking to driving, the evolution of territories can be exposed according to the succession of transport systems. This relationship is demonstrated by our method of systemic representation which is also represented and tested in a particular research context: cross-border territories. While cross-border cooperation and exchange projects are happen in metropolitan contexts, we are seeing a significant break in cross-border "between-the-border" territories. Are the border territories between the two more vulnerable than the "state" territories; because of their urban model and their transportation systems? The purpose of this thesis is to study the border processes operating in these two territories. The approach we used is resolutely far from classical studies. It is based on systemic theories and develops understanding and perception of transboundary urban phenomena, applied to the cross-border territory of Mons-Valenciennes. In order to build our systemic model, we experiment different representations on 20 study cases and urban models according to their transport systems; by their structural, functional and historical systemic triangulation. These representations are accompanied by a search for geographic information and transposable data in order to build our database in a cross-border Geographic Information System (GIS). We finally apply this GIS on the concerned cross-border territory in order to represent its vulnerability according to a systemic model for mobility
Ebrahimian, Shiadeh Seyed Vahid. "Développement de modèles d'évaporation multi-composants et modélisation 3D des systèmes de réduction de NOx (SCR)." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0029/document.
Full textThe aim of the present thesis is to develop a set of numerical models in order to simulate the physical and chemical processes in combustion chamber as well as in exhaust gas after-treatment system of internal combustion engines. In the first part of the thesis, two new multi- omponent evaporation models for droplet and liquid film are proposed. In the droplet evaporation model, a new expression of the evaporation rate has been proposed. It has been shown that taking into account the heat flux due to the enthalpy diffusion of species is of primary significance in the energy balance at the droplet surface. In addition, numerical investigations have shown the importance of considering a real gas equation of state in the high pressure and/or low temperature conditions. A multi-component liquid film evaporation model has then been developed based on the single-component film evaporation model already implemented in IFP-C3D code. Particularly, the wall laws have been generalized for the multi-component film evaporation taking into account the mentioned features applied to the droplet evaporation model. The importance of surface temperature in the evaporation of liquid film has also been shown. Contrary to the droplet evaporation, the numerical investigations on film evaporation have shown that using an ideal mixture equation of state leads to results similar to those obtained using a real gas equation of state. The second part of the thesis uses the evaporation models, developed in the first part of the thesis, along with a new developed thermolysis model in order to produce the ammonia needed for the SCR system. In the present study, ammonia is produced from the urea-water solution injected into the exhaust pipe line. Water evaporates and urea decomposes to ammonia needed for SCR system. The evaporation of water is modeled with the proposed evaporation models in the first part of the present thesis with some modifications in order to take into account the influence of urea on the water evaporation. New multi-step thermolysis model for urea is then implemented in the IFP-C3D code in order to simulate the distribution of gaseous ammonia at the entrance of SCR system. The present model is also able to simulate the formation of solid by-products from urea thermolysis. The numerical results of the developed models allow us to assess the contribution of the developments made during this work in the context of industrial applications
Söderberg, Joakim. "Modèle de Markov caché multidimensionnelle [sic] appliqué aux images et à l'analyse vidéo." Paris, ENST, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENST0002.
Full textRecent progress and prospects in cognitive vision, multimedia, human-computer interaction, communications and the Web call for, and can profit from applications of advanced image and video analysis. Image classification is perhaps the most important part of digital image analysis. The objective is to identify and portray the visual features occurring in an image in terms of differentiated classes or themes. Traditional classification methods analyses independent blocks of an image, which results in a context-free formalism. However there is a fairly wide-spread agreement that observations should be presented as collections of features which appear in a given mutual position or shape. We therefore employ a new efficient algorithm that models context in images by a 2-D hidden Markov model (HMM). The difficulty with applying a 2-D HMM to images is the computational complexity which grows exponentially with the number of image blocks. The main technical contribution of this thesis is a way of estimating the parameters of a 2-D HMM in O(whN^2) complexity instead of O(wN^2h), where N is the number of states in the model and (w,h) is the width respectively height of the image. We investigate the performance of our proposed model (DT HMM) , and search for its point of operation. In an effort to introduce both global and local context in the model, the DT HMM was extended to multiple image resolutions. The results indicate that earlier recorded deficiency can be conquered and that its performance can be compared with other known algorithms. We finally demonstrate the versatility of the model by presenting applications such as; classification, segmentation and object tracking
Giraud, Francois. "Approche par la microcinétique expérimentale du procédé NH3-SCR sur catalyseurs V2O5-WO3/TiO2 modèles et industriels." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10241/document.
Full textThe aim of the study is to obtain an equation for the overall reaction rate of the NH3-SCR reaction over V2O5/WO3/TiO2 catalysts (a) used for the experimental conditions (partial pressure of components of the gas mixture and temperature) realistic conditions of discharges from coal power plant and (b) able to take into account the chemical poisoning effects of the catalyst. This equation will be implemented in software developed by EDF for modeling the evolution of the performance of industrial catalysts. To fulfill these objectives, tools and procedures for the experimental microkinetic approach were applied. The characterization of the first key step of the reagent adsorbed NH3 on the surface of catalyst (type adsorption, heats of adsorption of each species) has necessitated the development of the AEIR method (initially adapted to the characterization of CO adsorbed on metal particles). The reactivity of the NH3 adsorbed species to the various reagents (H2O, NOx, and O2) was then studied, leading to the development of plausible kinetic mechanism. From this mechanism, a kinetic model of the NH3-SCR reaction has been developed and compared to experimental data obtained on model and commercial catalysts. In the remainder of the study, the impacts of several poisons to parameters that control the kinetics of the reaction were determined experimentally. In the last part, a model of catalytic monoliths performances was developed (by integrating the kinetic model developed in this study) and compared to experimental data
Liu, Chenguang. "Low level feature detection in SAR images." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAT015.
Full textIn this thesis we develop low level feature detectors for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images to facilitate the joint use of SAR and optical data. Line segments and edges are very important low level features in images which can be used for many applications like image analysis, image registration and object detection. Contrarily to the availability of many efficient low level feature detectors dedicated to optical images, there are very few efficient line segment detector and edge detector for SAR images mostly because of the strong multiplicative noise. In this thesis we develop a generic line segment detector and an efficient edge detector for SAR images.The proposed line segment detector which is named as LSDSAR, is based on a Markovian a contrario model and the Helmholtz principle, where line segments are validated according to their meaningfulness. More specifically, a line segment is validated if its expected number of occurences in a random image under the hypothesis of the Markovian a contrario model is small. Contrarily to the usual a contrario approaches, the Markovian a contrario model allows strong filtering in the gradient computation step, since dependencies between local orientations of neighbouring pixels are permitted thanks to the use of a first order Markov chain. The proposed Markovian a contrario model based line segment detector LSDSAR benefit from the accuracy and efficiency of the new definition of the background model, indeed, many true line segments in SAR images are detected with a control of the number of false detections. Moreover, very little parameter tuning is required in the practical applications of LSDSAR. The second work of this thesis is that we propose a deep learning based edge detector for SAR images. The contributions of the proposed edge detector are two fold: 1) under the hypothesis that both optical images and real SAR images can be divided into piecewise constant areas, we propose to simulate a SAR dataset using optical dataset; 2) we propose to train a classical CNN (convolutional neural network) edge detector, HED, directly on the graident fields of images. This, by using an adequate method to compute the gradient, enables SAR images at test time to have statistics similar to the training set as inputs to the network. More precisely, the gradient distribution for all homogeneous areas are the same and the gradient distribution for two homogeneous areas across boundaries depends only on the ratio of their mean intensity values. The proposed method, GRHED, significantly improves the state-of-the-art, especially in very noisy cases such as 1-look images
Li, Ke. "Wide bandgap (SiC/GaN) power devices characterization and modeling : application to HF power converters." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10080/document.
Full textCompared to traditional silicon (Si) semiconductor material, wide bandgap (WBG) materials like silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride are gradually applied to fabricate power semiconductor devices, which are used in power converters to achieve high power efficiency, high operation temperature and high switching frequency. As those power devices are relatively new, their characterization and modeling are important to better understand their characteristics for better use. This dissertation is mainly focused on those WBG power semiconductor devices characterization, modeling and fast switching currents measurement. In order to measure their static characteristics, a single-pulse method is presented. A SiC diode and a "normally-off" SiC JFET is characterized by this method from ambient temperature to their maximal junction temperature with the maximal power dissipation around kilowatt. Afterwards, in order to determine power device inter-electrode capacitances, a measurement method based on the use of multiple current probes is proposed and validated by measuring inter-electrode capacitances of power devices of different technologies. Behavioral models of a Si diode and the SiC JFET are built by using the results of the above characterization methods, by which the evolution of the inter-electrode capacitances for different operating conditions are included in the models. Power diode models are validated with the measurements, in which the current is measured by a proposed current surface probe
Cavalerie, Lisa. "Persistance de la fièvre de la Vallée du Rift à Mayotte : surveillance, modélisation et perceptions." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0027/document.
Full textRift Valley fever (RVF) is a vector-borne zoonosis, with a wide variety of potential competent vectors. During the last fifteen years, RVF caused tens of thousands of human cases, hundreds of human deaths and more than 100,000 domestic ruminant deaths in Africa and in the Arabic peninsula. After the first detection of RVF in Mayotte, an animal health surveillance network has been created in 2009, namely the SESAM. The aim of this PhD was to assess the epidemiological situation of Mayotte toward RVF in 2012-2013, to assess the persistence probability of RVF in the territory and to document farmers’ perceptions and health priorities. In 2012, RVF surveillance has been revised in order to partially renew the pool of the sentinel herds. The passive surveillance with systematic RVF detection assay on abortion and abnormal mortality was enforced. A continuous decrease in the seroprevalence was observed based on 2010-2013 data. During 2012-2013, a steady incidence rate of about 2 seroconversions per 100 animal-year was observed. This rate is much lower than the previous assessment of 18% during 2011. RVF virus was not detected in any of the 41 declared abortion cases. Surveillance performance criteria were discussed and assessed showing mainly an increase in data quality between 2010 and 2013. A SIR dynamic model was built based on vector knowledge and observed seroprevalence in Mayotte from 2008 to 2013. Estimated host-vector transmission rate was fivefold lower than expected according to current literature. Persistence probability, without reintroduction of viremic animals, was predicted to be 10% five years after virus introduction. Finally, health problem prioritization in Mayotte was studied through focus groups, gathering 164 farmers. The five main issues stated were: blackleg, ticks, a respiratory « fever/flu-like» syndrome, a dermatologic syndrome and diarrhoea. RVF was absent from the priority problems list in which abortions were ranked 9th. However abortions came first when « risk » criteria was taken into account, raising issues of cultural risk perceptions. Further surveillance and research using transdisciplinary approaches that mix mathematical modelling and the humanities should be continued with the view to assess more precisely reemergence probability in Mayotte and anticipate mitigating measures. Surveillance and research should also align with farmers’ expectations. The development of syndromic surveillance (abortion, death, etc.) requires strengthening surveillance network and identification data quality. Mayotte surveillance components should also be fully integrated within the regional and national schemes
Makhlouf, Oualid. "Nouveau modèle TLM thermique pour la dosimétrie numérique de structures fortement hétérogènes." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4123/document.
Full textFor several years, the development of the wireless technologies using the electromagnetic waves in various applications (telecommunications, medical, military …) does not stop increasing. Thus, it becomes necessary to evaluate the effects of the environment on antennas upstream to their conception to optimize the transmission between diverse connected objects. Furthermore, studies on the systems using the electromagnetic waves lead to ask a number of questions about waves/living interaction, obliging us to consider highly heterogeneous models such as human body.In front of difficulties of measures, the simulation allows to quantify numerically the power absorbed by tissues and the corresponding temperature rise. In this domain, the TLM method (Transmission Line Matrix) has proved to be particularly adapted to the simulation of the SAR in highly heterogeneous structures thanks to the co-localisation of the fields at the centre of mesh.In this thesis, a tool based on the TLM method to make dosimetrics studies by calculating the SAR and the temperature in highly heterogeneous media has been developed. The first step was dedicated to the development of a “module” to calculate the SAR and the implementation of an interface to read the voxelized models. Then, a thermal solver based on the TLM was developed in order to simulate the temperature in biological media exposed to the EM waves. Finally, the comparison with the commercial software CST allowed to validate our tool and to apply it afterward to study the exposure of a human head to the radiation of a Smartphone modelled by a PIFA antenna operating at 900MHz
Kaimuddin, Awaluddin Halirin. "Impact du changement climatique sur la distribution des populations de poissons. Approche par SIG, modèles et scénarios d'évolution du climat." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0039/document.
Full textUnderstanding connectivities among species distributions, biodiversity, marine habitats and climate change is necessary for the design of an effective conservation management, such as in the implementation of marine protected area (MPA). In this study, we observed the richness of 89 "rare" or "exotic" fish species (observed outside their known distribution range) related to climate change. We modeled and predicted their seasonal distributions according to the species ecological niches (determined in this study) using the GIS model. Superposing the models of all species using GIS, we determined the preferential zones or zones of high biodiversity (hotspots) over time. The GIS approach offers an alternative to measure seasonal species richness in poor-data areas. This approach allowed also species track movement over time. This information could be then used to measure the effectiveness of MPA positioning related to the hotspot areas. Our study area covers a wide latitudinal range of the Eastern Atlantic waters, from the warm tropical/subtropical waters to the temperate waters. This area is located in three large marine ecosystems: the Canary current, the South European Atlantic Shelf and the Celtic Seas. The transitional zone in the central region has well known for its sensitivity to the detection of climate change. From 1982 to 2012, the SST in all of studied ecosystems has increased consistently over time, with magnitude and trend varied among ecosystems. The change of number of species in each decadal period differed among ecosystems. Increasing number of species in an ecosystem was generally followed by decreasing trend in adjacent ecosystems. Species ecological niches were obtained by extracting the environmental values in the location of species occurrence at the time of observation. The environmental data and the occurrence records used were at global scale, and the methods yields coherent results with the results obtained from observational studies. The flexibility of GIS Model used in this study allowed us to follow the evolution of species seasonal distribution over time. Generally, most of the studied species showed a northbound trend in their distribution. These northbound tendencies were more evident in the middle region, confirming the effect of global warming in shifting marine species distribution. This approach provides an alternative of measuring seasonal richness of poor-known species and/or modeling in poor-data areas. The results present a complete picture of predictive number of species in an area over time. MPAs superficial analysis by country (countries lying in the study area) showed that UK has the highest number of MPA and the largest protected areas, following by France and Mauritania. Frequencies of the MPAs touched by the hotspot were strongly influenced by seasonal variations. Thus, considering seasonal variations in a conservation effort could preserve species adaptive variation under environmental changes. Overall, our works provide several alternative methods for species distribution studies and for studies poor-known species in data-poor area. The results provide evidences of ocean warming effect in shifting marine fish distribution
Ibrahim, Mohamed Haisam. "Elaboration de matériaux composites modèles unifilamentaires à fibres longues SiC et matrice silice sol-gel et caractérisation micromécanique de l'interface." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/1997ISAL0056/these.pdf.
Full textIn the aim to undertake an accurate micromechanical analysis of the fibre/matrix. Interface in composite materials, monofilament reinforced samples have been prepared by incorporating different SiC long fibres into a silica sol (TMOS), then gelification, drying and densification of the matrix. The drying has been made either in air or in supercritical conditions, which leads to xero- or aerogels, respectively. The transformation of these gels into vitreous silica was performed by thermal densification at 900 °c for xerogels and 1300-1325 °c for aerogels. Supercritical drying of the gel allows to obtain a material without any microcrack around the SiC fibre. Lnterfacial properties of the obtained samples were measured from micromechanical tests usina two experimental techniques that perform the pull-out of the fibre from cylindrical samples, or both push-out and push-back tests using computer drived, micro-indentation of thin samples. The comparison of interfacial stress values measured by these techniques has allowed to point out: - for ail samples, the intervention of the Poisson effect. - For densified aerogel samples the role of the densification temperature (higher strengths was obtained for densification at 1300 °C corresponding to the maximum shrinkage of the gel), the nature of fibres coating and the roughness of the fibres. On the other hand, for all investigated samples, a wear phenomenon was detected and more accurately analysed from pull-out tests
Brigui, Frédéric. "Algorithmes d'imagerie SAR polarimétriques basés sur des modèles à sous-espace : application à la détection de cible sous couvert forestier." Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100171.
Full textThis thesis deals with the development of new SAR processors for detection of targats under foliage. For this application, classical SAR images are very noisy; the target has a low response and there are a lot of false alarms due to the interferences which are mainly the trunks of the forest. To detect target and reduce interferences, we reconsider the way processing a SAR image by using models which take into account the scattering properties of the target and the interferences. These models are developed for signals in sigle polarisation and in double polarisation (HH and VV) and are defined with low-rank subspaces generated from the responses of canonical elements. From this modeling, we develop new SAR processors. First, we focus on the detection of the target and on the reduction of false alarms. The performances of these processors in terms of detection and false alarms reduction are evaluated with realistic simulated data and we emphasize on the interest of using a polimetric information. We also apply these algorithms to real data that allows us to analyze the images in real-life context
Guichet, Bérénice. "Identification de la loi de comportement interfaciale d'un composite SiC/Ti." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ECDL0002.
Full textZaki, Chamseddine. "Modélisation spatio-temporelle multi-échelle des données dans un SIG urbain." Ecole Centrale de Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECDN0024.
Full textBordin, Patricia. "Méthode d'observation multi-niveaux pour le suivi de phénomènes géographiques avec un SIG." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MARN0330.
Full textThe follow-up report of geographical phenomena by use of a geographical information system (GIS) confronts the user with the problem of time management. There are ways to overcome this. Most of them are technical and specific. On the whole, these require custom-made computer science developments. This doctoral thesis develops a formal generic solution based on a multi-level observation method. To that end it focuses on a particular stage of the modelling process of geographical phenomena using geographical data; this stage occurs between the thematic formalization and technical formalization. The multi-level observation method suggests devising detailed indicators simple to follow in a GIS and compatible with existing information. It is based on an original aggregation method which allows to integrate data from many sources in order to create indicators relating to different levels and various characterization fields. The object of the multi-level observation method is to allow the user to benefit from GIS function analyses to build up useful information for a follow-up report of phenomena he/she is studying, for their analysis, indeed, to anticipate them in a more prospective approach thus supporting them with their decision-making
Hallet, Christophe. "Etude et réalisation de filtres matriochkas pour des applications spatiales." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0052/document.
Full textThe matriochka resonator is based on reentrant coaxial Stepped Impedance Resonator (SIR). So, the thesis develops theoretical innovations on the matriochka technology offering accurate analytical models on the frequency and the quality factor behaviors of the resonator. The models prove the existence of degrees of freedom within the matriochka resonator which allows to get different form factors of the resonator. The degrees of freedom create many configurations of the matriochka resonator for a fundamental frequency and a quality factor. Consequently, a volume optimization is realized to design a L-band filter and a C-band filter. A multipactor study is also carried out for the L-band filter. So, a joint optimization method of the multipactor and the volume minimization is proposed for this filter. Thus, the models and optimisations are used in the order to to design and fabricate the microwave filters. The first one is a transmission L-band filter for the navigation application Galileo which offers a volume alternative and a high power in the vaccum. Then, the second one is a reception C-band filter for the telemetry application which offers wide spurious free-performance and a low volume compared to the state of the art. Finally, for a frequency and a quality factor and depending on the configurations, the matriochka technology offers an alternative of the resonator volume, and it offers a wide spurious free- performance and a low volume compared to the state of the art
Vignoles, Gérard Louis. "Un modèle dynamique simple pour la croissance de polytypes périodiques et désordonnés de SiC en CVD/CVI." Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10502.
Full textTizraoui, Adel. "Un nouveau modèle de sécurité pour les applications Internet Application à la téléphonie sur IP SIM IP." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066321.
Full textCellier, Fabien. "Modélisation et calcul parallèle pour le Web SIG 3D." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10015/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on displaying and manipulating 3D models from Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in interactive time directly in a web browser. Its main contributions are the visualization of high resolution 3D terrains, the simplification of irregular meshes on the GPU, and the creation of a new API for performing heavy and effective computing in the browser (parallelism GP/GPU) without compromising safety. The first approach proposed for the visualization of terrain models is built on recent browsers efforts to become a versatile platform. With the new 3D pluginless APIs, we have created a visualization client for terrain models “streamed” through HTTP. It fits perfectly into the current Web-GIS ecosystem (desktop and mobile) by the use of the standard protocols provided by OGC Open Geospatial Consortium. This prototype is part of an industrial partnership between ATOS Wordline and its GIS customer, and particularly the IGN (French National Geographic Institute) with the Geoportail application (http://www.geoportail.gouv.fr) and its mapping APIs. The 3D embedded in browsers brings its own challenges which are different from what we know in heavy applications: restrictions and constraints from JavaScript but also problems of data transfer. These constraints, detailed in the next paragraph, led us to rethink the standard algorithms for 3D visualization to take into account the browser specificities. Thus, we have taken advantage of network latency to dynamically manage the connections between the different parts of the mesh without significantly impacting the rendering speed. Beyond 3D visualization, and even if the JavaScript language allows task parallelism, data parallelism remains absent from Web browsers. This observation, added to the slowness of JavaScript processing, constituted a major obstacle in our goal to define a complete and powerful GIS platform integrated in the browser. That is why we have designed and developed the WebCLWorkers, a GP/GPU Web API for high performance computing that meets the criteria of simplicity and security inherent to the Web. We tried to find a trade-off for a language close to the script but secure and efficient, based on the OpenCL API at runtime. This approach is opposite to the existing ones, which are either based on precompiled code or disregard performances. Our API proposal interested the Mozilla Foundation which asked us to participate in the development of the WebCL standard by integrating the Khronos Group (Mozilla, Samsung, Nokia, Google, AMD, and so on). Exploiting these new computing resources, we then suggested an algorithm for parallel simplification of irregular meshes. While the state of the art was mainly based on regular grids for parallelism (and did not take into account Web browsers restrictions) or on simplification and kd-tree clustering, no solution could allow both parallel simplification and progressive visualization using irregular grids. Our solution is based on a three-step algorithm using implicit priorities and local minima to achieve simplification, and its degree of parallelism is linearly related to the number of points and triangles in the mesh to process. We have proposed in the thesis an innovative approach for 3D WebGIS pluglinless visualization, offering tools that bring to the browser a comfortable GP/GPU computing power, and designing a method for irregular meshes parallel simplification allowing to visualize level of details directly in Web browsers. Based on these initial results, it becomes possible to carry all the rich functionalities of desktop GIS clients to Web browsers, on PC as well as mobile phones and tablets
Nguyen, Ngoc Truong Huy. "Caractérisation d'un couvert forestier par un modèle cohérent 3-D dans les bandes VHF et UHF et application au traitement SAR." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066072.
Full textGirres, Jean-François. "Modèle d'estimation de l'imprécision des mesures géométriques de données géographiques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1080/document.
Full textMany GIS applications are based on length and area measurements computed from the geometry of the objects of a geographic database (such as route planning or maps of population density, for example). However, no information concerning the imprecision of these measurements is now communicated to the final user. Indeed, most of the indicators on geometric quality focuses on positioning errors, but not on measurement errors, which are very frequent. In this context, this thesis seeks to develop methods for estimating the imprecision of geometric measurements of length and area, in order to inform a user for decision support. To achieve this objective, we propose a model to estimate the impacts of representation rules (cartographic projection, terrain, polygonal approximation of curves) and production processes (digitizing error, cartographic generalisation) on geometric measurements of length and area, according to the characteristics and the spatial context of the evaluated objects. Methods for acquiring knowledge about the evaluated data are also proposed to facilitate the parameterization of the model by the user. The combination of impacts to produce a global estimation of the imprecision of measurement is a complex problem, and we propose approaches to approximate the cumulated error bounds. The proposed model is implemented in the EstIM prototype (Estimation of the Imprecision of Measurements)
Bennour, Fatima. "Contribution a l'etude thermodynamique des silicates liquides. Systeme : cs#2o-sio#2-na#2o." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX11023.
Full textPoss, Stéphane. "Etalonnage de l'algorithme d'étiquetage de la saveur LHCb par la mesure de sin (2β)." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX22075.pdf.
Full textThe thesis objective is to prepare a procedure for the calibration of the flavour tagging of B messons, necessary for the CP violation studies. The chosen reference measurement is sin(2beta), a CP violating parameter of the Standard Model. The first part presents the theoretical context of the thesis, while the second presents the experimental one. The third par discusses the flavour tagging algorithm, and gives its expected performance. The fourth part presents the selection of a control channel used in the algorithm's optimization. The firth part presents the extraction procedure of a fundamental parameter of this algorithm, the wrong tag fraction. The last chapter uses this parameter for the measurement of sin(2beta). We show that with the one year of data taking, the precision on sin(2beta) is enough to control the algorithm
Belhouchette, Hatem. "Evaluation de la durabilité de successions culturales à l'échelle d'un périmètre irrigué en Tunisie : utilisation conjointe d'un modèle de culture (CROPSYST), d'un SIG et d'un modèle bio-économique." Montpellier, ENSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENSA0002.
Full textThis thesis aims to study the sustainability of the farming systems in the Cebalat watershed. The methodology adopted in this thesis consists on building, by the use of CropSyst, a GIS, and a recursive stochastic model, a database that allows us to analyse the effects of cropping patterns on farm income, salt accumulation and nitrate lixiviation. At the field scale CropSyst seems to simulate weIl soil water content and the average salt concentration on the first meter depth. Nevertheless, simulated soil nitrate was less satisfactory. The CropSyst model simulates correctly the final yield at the sector scale for aIl crops except for alfalfa. Assuming a realistic discount rate, the bio-economic model established with two-decision period based on quantity of rainfall in each period, reproduces closely the real system and it allows predicting soil quality degradation due to long-term salinisation. This problem is related with the lack of water that should be applied with leaching purposes. The comparison of the amount of nitrogen supplied and leached for wheat and corn between model and farmers proves that the sustainability of the production system is not assured
Nieto, Jean-Pierre. "Analyse et modélisation d'un réacteur de CVD à fonctionnement continu : application au dépôt de SiO² pur et dopé." Toulouse, INPT, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPT024G.
Full textFrançois, Axel. "Interopérabilité des modèles géométriques pour les Systèmes d'Information Géographique : applications de la norme ISO 19107." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22078/document.
Full textIn the current economic context, the representation and the analysis of 3D data is growing more and more in the field of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The number of GIS applications is constantly increasing in many industries, such as Defense, Regional Development and Civil Security. However, we can point out the emergence of an important request for 3D analysis in GIS. These developments require a standardization of data and exchange structures. This is carried out by Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO). A recent standard (ISO 19107:2003) describes the complex objects to be taken into consideration and the associated treatments that can be used. It aims to develop interoperable exchange and analysis of geometric and topological data in GIS. Currently, no complete implementation on a computer of this standard has been done yet, regarding the level of abstraction sought. However, a simplified version was exclusively developed for 2D objects (ISO 19137:2007). This thesis proposes the modeling and the analysis of complex objects in three dimensional space, with their associated treatments. The objective is to create a first library whose the features are conform to ISO19107. Moreover, this standard is currently under review within the OGC Consortium (Open Geospatial Consortium) with a need for correction and evolution. The work done until now have enabled us to make a meaningful contribution with the addition of new geometrical primitives, the harmonization of primitives through the use of rational parametric curves and surfaces. The works on this standard also allowed the development of an application within the GEOMATYS company, making possible the 3D modeling and analysis for traffic simulation based on GIS data
Runz, Cyril de. "Imperfection, temps et espace : modélisation, analyse et visualisation dans un SIG archéologique." Reims, 2008. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000848.pdf.
Full textThis thesis develops a global approach for the handling of spatiotemporal and imperfect data in an archaeological GIS. This approach allows us a better management of those data in order to model or to represent them. In this approach, a new taxonomy of imperfection is proposed for the modeling of archaeological information. Using the modeling, this work presents some new methods for data analysis in an GIS. The temporal aspect of archaeological data implies to define an index which quantifies the anteriority. The lacunar aspect is also exploited through an interrogation method using a geometrical form. This work finally explores and visualizes archaeological dataset to extract the most representative elements. This thesis, which gives an approach on the management of imperfect knowledge in time and space, links computer science and geography. The use-case of this thesis is an archaeological database associated to a GIS
Girres, Jean-François, and Jean-François Girres. "Modèle d'estimation de l'imprécision des mesures géométriques de données géographiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00809273.
Full textHosatte-Ducassy, Sophie. "Etude cinétique et modèle de simulation numérique des réactions solide gaz pour les pompes à chaleur chimiques [sic]." Valenciennes, 1989. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/e80ea49f-9520-421f-82b8-0eb6829dd6f8.
Full textBrosset, David. "Description d'itinéraire en milieu naturel : modèle intégré de description verbale et de représentation spatiale au sein des SIG." Paris, ENSAM, 2008. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004345.
Full textThe aim of this research is oriented to the development of a modeling pathway between verbal route descriptions made in natural environment and geo-referenced information. The objective is to identify a conceptual and structural relationship between a navigation description and a spatial representation. The approach is experimented in the context of foot orienteering. The experimental results obtained have supported derivation of a logical model of navigation knowledge in natural environments. The model developed is based on actions and landmarks. The results are compared to similar studies made in urban environments. On top of the proposed model, we introduce an ant colony based algorithm whose objective is to geo-localize routes described in natural environment. A prototype validates the approach and shows that the algorithm performs with acceptable computing time, and that it provides acceptable solutions
Drouin, Ariane. "Élaboration d'un modèle de représentation des niveaux d'inondation à partir d'un SIG - rivière Saint-François (axe Sherbrooke-Drummondville)." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2008. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1354/1/030083659.pdf.
Full textAbbas, Oras. "Systèmes intelligents pour une gestion durable des réseaux d’assainissement." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10202.
Full textThis thesis concerns the implementation of the concept of smart sewage network. It was conducted within the SunRise Smart City project, which aims at the construction of a demonstrator of the Smart and Sustainable City on the Scientific City Campus of the University of Lille 1. Our research work carried out on the campus which equivalent to a town of 25 000 users is organized into 4 parts. The first part includes a literature survey of researches conducted on sewage networks as well as their management. It shows all the advantages of the dynamic management of sewage networks within the Smart City concept. The second part presents the site of the Scientific City Campus, which is used as a pilot site for the demonstrator in this thesis. It describes the collection of data concerning both the sewerage infrastructure and inspection and the integration of these data in a geographic information system (GIS). The 3rd part summarizes the results of the water quality control in the sewerage network. It describes in detail the presence of various quality components in the effluent and gives an explanation. The last part describes the instrumentation set up as part of this work and the first results. It provides analysis of the sewage network using the collected data as well as a numerical modeling. It results in recommendations for the improvement of the management of the sewage network
Cheng, Xi. "Quantification of the parametric uncertainty in the specific absorption rate calculation of a mobile phone." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS258/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on parameter uncertainty quantification (UQ) in specific absorptionrate (SAR) calculation using a computer-aided design (CAD) mobile phone model.The impact of uncertainty, e.g., lack of detailed knowledge about material electricalproperties, system geometrical features, etc., in SAR calculation is quantified by threecomputationally efficient non-intrusive UQ methods: unscented transformation (UT),stochastic collocation (SC) and non-intrusive polynomial chaos (NIPC). They are callednon-intrusive methods because the simulation process is simply considered as a blackboxwithout changing the code of the simulation solver. Their performances for thecases of one and two random variables are analysed. In contrast to the traditionaluncertainty analysis method: Monte Carlo method, the time of the calculation becomesacceptable. To simplify the UQ procedure for the case of multiple uncertain inputs, it isdemonstrated that uncertainties can be combined to evaluate the parameter uncertaintyof the output. Combining uncertainties is an approach generally used in the field ofmeasurement, in this thesis, it is used in SAR calculations in the complex situation. Oneof the necessary steps in the framework of uncertainty analysis is sensitivity analysis (SA)which aims at quantifying the relative importance of each uncertain input parameterwith respect to the uncertainty of the output. Polynomial chaos (PC) based Sobol’indices method whose SA indices are evaluated by PC expansion instead of Monte Carlomethod is used in SAR calculation. The results of the investigations are presented anddiscussed.In order to make the reading easier, elementary notions of SAR, modelling, uncertaintyin modelling, and probability theory are given in introduction (chapter 1). Thenthe main content of this thesis are presented in chapter 2 and chapter 3. In chapter 4,another approach to use PC expansion is given, and it is used in the finite-differencetime-domain (FDTD) code. Since the FDTD code in the simulation solver should bechanged, it is so-called intrusive PC expansion. Intrusive method already investigatedin details in other people’s thesis. In chapter 5, conclusions and future work are given
Casellas-Français, Magali. "Mise en oeuvre, modélisation, optimisation et contrôle d'un procédé discontinu séquentiel (SBR) : application au traitement du carbone, de l'azote, du phosphore et des matières en suspension d'eaux résiduaires urbaines." Limoges, 2002. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/c7b8b1be-7f59-4700-ba14-86cff384c513/blobholder:0/2002LIMO0035.pdf.
Full textWastewater treatment optimization requires the installation of reliable processes and a control of operating conditions. In this context, discontinuous processes like SBR, working on the principle of alternating reaction, settling and purge phases is investigated. A development process methodology based on the use of mathematical simulations, lab scale experiments, full scale extrapolation and simple but robust control strategies is reported. The Benchmark of wastewater treatment associates a wastewater treatment model (ASM n°1 ofHENZE et al. , 1986) and a settling conditions model (TACKACS et al. , 1991). Combining both models allows for the simulation of an activated sludge process operation. An exhaustive bibliographic study could highlight different scenarios of SBR operations able to achieve carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and total suspended solids removal. Different time delays were investigated in order to identify two particular operating conditions : short cycles and long cycles. The use of the Benchmark associated with a critical identification of incoming variables of the model, was extended to the development of strategies for nitrogen removal improvement. This study, combined with an experimental study of phosphorus removal allowed to define a 24 hours cycle, improving denitrification rates but also highlighting problems related to temporal variations of incoming load. In order to solve this problem, a special procedure , based on the use of three sensors : pH, ORP, dissolved oxygen, was investigated and full scale commissioned, in order to control with accuracy operating conditions
Kattani, Narimane Al. "Effet de la combinaison de l'hypertension et de l'infarctus du myocarde sur la physiopathologie du choc septique : mise au point d'un modèle animal expérimental mimant le phénotype des patients septiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0176.
Full textSeptic shock is considered as the most common cause of death among patients admitted in medical intensive care units. Mortality remains very high (50%) despite advances in physiopathological knowledge of this disease. In fact, most experimental studies are often conducted on young and healthy animals, whereas it is well established that the incidence and mortality rates dramatically increase with age. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of the combination of two diseases (hypertension and myocardial infarction) in a septic rat model, on cardiovascular function, cell survival and the inflammatory response. Therefore, we used normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) in which myocardial infarction was induced by left coronary descending artery ligation, followed or not by cecal ligation and perforation-induced sepsis. Our results showed that the polypathological SHR rats in which a myocardial infarction and sepsis were induced, exhibited a significant decrease in cardiac and hemodynamic parameters compared to WKY rats that have sepsis (CLP) only. Indeed, cardiac output, mean arterial pressure and ejection fraction were reduced by 70%, 60% and 67% respectively in the polypathological SHR rats versus the WKY rats with sepsis. We observed also that the vascular hyporeactivity in the polypathological SHR rats was higher than for the WKY CLP rats. A mesure of gene expression level of alpha1 adrenergic receptor shows a relatively low expression level in the rats from SHR IDM CLP rats compared to WKY CLP that could explain the observed vasodilation. The protein level of caspase3 and 8, Pp38 and proteins involved in apoptosis, is upregulated in SHR IDM CLP rats compared to WKY CLP rats. However, the polypathological SHR rats show a significant decrease in the expression of eNOS and Akt protein compared to WKY CLP rats. The combination of hypertension with myocardial infarct is associated with higher sensitivity of the rats to sepsis. The polypathological SHR rats developed a severe heart failure compared to WKY rats having sepsis only. Our animal model, the polypathological SHR rats is very close to observed clinical situations in intensive care units. This model could serve as a good candidate for pre-clinical studies
Desgagné, Étienne. "Conception et développement d'un SIG 3D dans une approche de service Web : exemple d'une application en modélisation géologique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21350.
Full textSeveral application domains like Geology, Archeology and Architecture require an explicit management of the 3rd dimension to adequately support the analysis and decision-making process. But do we currently have the adequate tools to manage this 3rd dimension? For example, Computer Assisted Design (CAD) systems are reliable for modeling solids but have limited capability for spatial analysis and data storage. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Database Management Systems (DBMS) can handle visualization and storage for some 3D models but they only offer a small portion of the modeling and analysis capacities that they generally offer in 2D. Meanwhile, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the Open Geospatial Consortium OGC started to update some of their standards like the ISO 19107 Spatial Schema and the Geography Markup Language (GML) in order to normalize the management of the 3rd dimension of spatial data. The current study provides a report on the capabilities of available geotechnologies to manage 3D spatial data and presents the fundamental characteristics of a new 3D-GIS based on a multi-tiered approach (client, server and database) with built-in web services. The architecture of this system provides a user with geometrical modeling, spatial analysis and querying capabilities of a 3D model stored with his descriptive properties in a database on a remote server. All this, carried out through the Web and implementing standards such as the WFS specification, the GML language and the ISO 19107 Spatial Schema. To test the feasibility of these proposals, a prototype of a Web Geological Feature Server (WGFS) is developed. The WGFS is an open source based framework that provides read/write access from the CAD software Gocad to 3D geological data (extracted from SIGEOM database) stored in XML format in a MySQL database. Its application server (Tomcat coupled to Deegree), gathers applicative logic as well as the bases of a 3D spatial operators library whose first operator, the 3D bounding box, has been implemented.
Company-Remond, Agnès. "Images SAR : possibilités d'extraction d'un paramètre physique du ruissellement, la rugosité (modélisation et expérimentation)." Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOS063.
Full textEspinoza, Molina Daniela. "Méthodes avancées pour l'extraction d'informations a partir des images à haute résolution SAR: Méthodes d'évaluation guidées par les modèles utilisateur et par la structure des données." Phd thesis, Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2011. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00676833.
Full textWe are concerned in this thesis by the problem of Image Information Mining for exploitation and understanding of high resolution (HR) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. Advances in this field of research contribute to the elaboration of tools for interactive exploration and extraction of the image content. In this context, analyzing and evaluating adequate image models and image information extraction methods according to user conjectures, constitute challenging issues. Our work contributes with solutions to HR SAR modeling and content estimation with a data-driven evaluation approach, and with the design of image mining scenarios by involving the user and his conjectures, achieved through an user-driven evaluation approach. We perform a data-driven evaluation and validation of automatic information extraction methods for high resolution SAR scenes based on Gibbs Random Field (GRF) models. Specifically, Gauss Markov Random Field (GMRF) and Auto-binomial (ABM) models are implemented in information extraction methods following the two levels of Bayesian inference: model fitting and model selection. We perform detection tests on classes such as cities, vegetation, and water bodies; using specific qualitative metrics to quantify the quality of speckle removal. The accuracy of modelling and characterization of the image content are determined using both supervised and unsupervised classifications, and confusion matrices. We conclude that both methods enhance the image during the despeckling process. The GMRF model is more suitable for natural scenes and the ABM model for man-made structures. We design and generate two study cases: oil spill and flood detection
Rohmer, Eric. "Caractérisation et modélisation mécanique de tubes composites sicf/sic." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00966267.
Full textHanchane, Hicham. "Investissement direct étranger, capital humain et croissance économique dans les pays en développement : une proposition théorique et approches empirique [sic] de validations à l’aide des données de panel." Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU2001.
Full textThis work of thesis concentrates on the impact of foreign direct investments (FDI) on the economic growth of developing countries. It is interested both in the theoretical aspect of the subject by using the models of endogenous growth and in its empirical aspect by using econometrics of the panel data. The theoretical and empirical literature confirms the positive impact of these flows of FDI on the economic growth of the host countries. According to the model I propose in the third chapter, this impact however is not always positive on the economy of the host countries. Indeed, the FDI can have a negative effect on the developing countries, if the technological difference between the multinational firms and the local firms is large and if these latter do not have a level of sufficient qualified labour. The empirical study, while using the econometrics of the panel data on 30 developing countries observed from 1982 to 1996, confirms these theoretical predictions. In order to obtain more robust results I varied the methods of specification of heterogeneity non observed (instrumental variable (IV) and GMM within the static and dynamic framework)
Sow, Mohamedou. "Développement de modèles non paramétriques et robustes : application à l’analyse du comportement de bivalves et à l’analyse de liaison génétique." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14257/document.
Full textThe development of robust and nonparametric approaches for the analysis and statistical treatment of high-dimensional data sets exhibiting high variability, as seen in the environmental and genetic fields, is instrumental. Here, we model complex biological data with application to the analysis of bivalves’ behavior and to linkage analysis. The application of mathematics to the analysis of mollusk bivalves’behavior gave us the possibility to quantify and translate mathematically the animals’behavior in situ, in close or far field. We proposed a nonparametric regression model and compared three nonparametric estimators (recursive or not) of the regressionfunction to optimize the best estimator. We then characterized the biological rhythms, formalized the states of opening, proposed methods able to discriminate the behaviors, used shot-noise analysis to characterize various opening/closing transitory states and developed an original approach for measuring online growth.In genetics, we proposed a more general framework of robust statistics for linkage analysis. We developed estimators robust to distribution assumptions and the presence of outlier observations. We also used a statistical approach where the dependence between random variables is specified through copula theory. Our main results showed the practical interest of these estimators on real data for QTL and eQTL analysis
Sauce, Sonia. "Etude des mécanismes d’activation d’un catalyseur nanostructuré Ag/TiO₂/SiO₂ dans un environnement plasma lors de la décomposition d’un COV modèle : l'acétaldéhyde." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD079/document.
Full textThis thesis investigates the surface phenomena which occur when combining a homogeneous phase process – governed by the chemistry of a non-thermal plasma – and a heterogeneous phase process – controlled by the chemistry taking place on the surface of a nanostructured Ag/TiO₂/SiO₂ material – during acetaldehyde (CH₃CHO) removal.It has been shown that acetaldehyde can be removed up to 100 % with a 168 J.L-1 SIE consumption, by using the diphasic process. In these conditions, CH₃CHO is converted into 60 % of COx. Such efficiency is not achieved when using the homogeneous and heterogeneous phase processes alone. Thus, the physico-chemical phenomena occurring in the diphasic process allow a higher CH₃CHO removal compared to the whole kinetics involved in the homogeneous and heterogeneous phase processes alone. So as to understand which physico-chemical processes are involved in this synergistic effect, the study of the acetaldehyde/surface interaction has been started, by Diffuse-Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS), in this thesis. The acetaldehyde adsorption modes on the Ag/TiO₂/SiO₂ surface, without plasma, have been pointed out. Moreover, the effect of bringing a thermal energy source or an oxidizing species (like ozone) on adsorbed acetaldehyde has been evaluated
Younsi, Fatima-Zohra. "Mise en place d'un Système d'Information Décisionnel pour le suivi et la prévention des épidémies." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2005/document.
Full textToday, infectious diseases represent a major public health problem. With the increase of bacterial resistance, the emergence of new pathogens and the rapid spread of epidemic, monitoring and surveillance of disease transmission becomes important. In the face of such a threat, the society must prepare in advance to respond quickly and effectively if an outbreak is declared. This requires setting up monitoring mechanisms and prevention.In this context, we are particularly interested by development a Spatiotemporal decision support system for monitoring and preventing the phenomenon of seasonal influenza epidemic spread in the population of Oran (city at Algeria).The objective of this system is twofold: on one hand, to understand how epidemic is spreading through the social network by using SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Removed) compartmental model within Small World network, and on the other hand, to store multiple data in data warehouse and analyzing it by a specific online analysis tool Spatial OLAP (Spatial on-line Analytical Processing)
Cabral, Pedro. "Étude de la croissance urbaine par la télédétection, SIG et modélisation : le cas des Concelhos de Sintra et Cascais (Portugal)." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0138.
Full textThis thesis is a study in remote sensing, GIS and modeling using a planning perspective. The main objective is to understand urban phenomena by responding to the following questions: where, when, how much and in what way did urban growth occur in the Concelhos of Sintra and Cascais (Portugal) between 1989 and 2001. We start by comparing several image satellite classification methods to establish the most adequate for the study area. The introduction of an intermediate year and the application of change detection techniques will enable us to describe the urban dynamics. Finally, modeling will allow us to retrieve information about « how » did urban growth occur, and will occur until 2025, using scenarios of different environmental policies