Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modèles régionaux'
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Chome, Frédéric. "Modèles régionaux de prévision du temps :dynamique, statistique et prévisibilité." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211591.
Full textPiriou, Jean-Marcel. "Représentation de la convection dans les modèles globaux et régionaux : concepts, équations, études de cas." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30163.
Full textIn this study we address the question of convection modelling inside global and regional models, i. E. The concepts expressing the mean effect of a large ensemble of convective updrafts and downdrafts. The main points addressed in this study are causality, equations at the model resolved scale, and entrainment. A ne-dimensional test-bed is developed, comparing simulations from parameterizations to those of high resolution models used as a reference. The main results are: * Proposal of the BCC concept (Buoyant Convective Condensation) to solve the causality dilemma inside convective parameterizations. * Proposal of a new set of convective equations at resolved scale, releasing the hypothesis underlying the most widely used equation set: that of Yanai (1973). The new equations set can be used as a basis to develop convective parameterizations, while being closer to that used in high resolution models (CRM). It is shown that this approach is relevant to build parameterization schemes: a scheme is developped, using this equations set, associated with an ascent scheme, a vertical velocity scheme, and a closure. The resulting convective parameterization is validated on a single-column test-bed. .
Le, Bihan Guillaume. "Modèles hydrologiques régionaux pour la prévision distribuée des crues rapides : vers une estimation des impacts et des dommages potentiels." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECDN0011/document.
Full textWith the development of rainfall measurements at highspatial and temporal resolutions, the use of distributed hydrometeorological models is now considered to forecast flash floods on small and ungauged catchment areas. Current flashflood monitoring systems generally enable a real-time assessment of the potential flash-flood magnitudes. However they do not assess the potential impacts of flash-flood, which highly depends on the catchment areas configuration and on the importance of potentially affected assets. The purpose of this PhD research work was to develop and test a method which can be used to directly estimate the impacts of flash-floods, based on the outputs of a distributed rainfall-run off model. The approach is based on a prior analysis of the study area in order to assess the potential impact of different discharge levels on the flooded areas and to identify from geography database the associated buildings at risk. The aim is to build impact models on specific river reaches, using discharge versus impact graphs. The use of these impact models combined with a rainfall-run off model, has enabled us to compute maps of potential impacts, based on real time assessment of flood events updated every 15 minutes. This method was evaluated on two case studies looking at the accuracy and relevance of estimated impacts for each event – and comparing the outcomes to insurance losses data. This research work has helped to confirm the efficiency of this new combined method, which may become a useful tool to forecast large-scale effects of local impacts of flash-floods
Barbotin, Emmanuel. "Trajectoires de déformation finie et interprétation cinématique : modèles numériques et application à des exemples régionaux (Bretagne centrale et Alpes penniques)." Rennes 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987REN10018.
Full textKatarzynski, Nicolas. "Memorias et titulos fecerunt in Alpibus Maritimis : la construction des modèles régionaux et locaux dans l'épigraphie latine impériale des Alpes Maritimae." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20134.
Full textMore than an auxiliary science, epigraphy is a major source of Roman history. It can reveal pieces of ancient society that does not always reveal the literary sources, especially when studying the history of the regions of the Roman world. Such is the case of the Alpes-Maritimes, poorly documented on the literary map. It is then necessary to analyze the Latin inscriptions that reveal certain attitudes of local people in relation to the writing on the stone and its support. To better understand the relationship between the old and inscriptions, a comparison is made between local epigraphy (that is to say, the Alpes-Maritimes) and external epigraphy, regional as universal. What is special about the local epigraphy in relation to them ? What are the formulas that appear? What are the enrollment materials that are popular with people? Geography does play a role in the movement of epigraphic ideas?It establishes a list of inscriptions that can inform the specifics of local epigraphy. These inscriptions relate mainly to the cities of the province of Alpes-Maritimes (Cimiez, Vence, Briançonnet Castellane) and regions that do not belong (the coast from Nice to Monaco, Saint-Dalmas-de-Valdeblore). Follows a comparison of the Alpes-Maritimes and the outside, especially the closest regions like Antibes country or region vintimilloise. The chronology is taken into account. The period of the first to third centuries AD was chosen among others for the huge number of entries of the Roman Empire, since the local epigraphy fourth-fifth centuries of lack of documents that allow comparison. A significant change formulas or materials in the Christian era is no stranger to the rejection of this period. The thesis is divided into three parts : besides the catalog inscriptions analyzed, the other two are based on a comparison of materials (stone, urn, sarcophagus, etc.) and religious, funerary and honorific forms. The last two chapters can be discerned fundamental differences not only across the Empire, but also at the regional (eastern Provence and Liguria) and local (interesting differences between Cimiez and Vence)
Mailhot, Edouard. "Évaluation des impacts des changements climatiques sur l'apport en eau des Grands Lacs d'Amérique du Nord à l'aide de modèles régionaux du climat." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34943.
Full textBrochier, Camille. "Analyse des transcriptomes du cerveau de souris : mise en évidence de patrons régionaux d'expression conservés chez l'homme et altérés dans des modèles de maladies neurodégénératives." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00361207.
Full textBrochier, Camille. "Analyse des transcriptomes du cerveau de souris : Mise en évidence de patrons régionaux d’expression conservés chez l’homme et altérés dans des modèles de maladies neurodégénératives." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112123.
Full textIn order to get a better understanding of brain complexity at a molecular level, we explored the mouse brain transcriptome using the Serial Analysis of Gene Expression method. SAGE libraries were generated from 11 mouse brain territories, including six cortical regions, striatum, accumbens nucleus, thalamus, substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area. The entire project delivered 1. 2 million SAGE tags, allowing the detection of rare mRNAs. Comparison of all transcriptomes revealed 308 transcripts differentially expressed, a number of which have no documented function. We further analyzed the expression profiles by real-time RT-PCR or in situ hybridization (ISH). Since the brain is a heterogeneous organ, it was important to determine the cell types that are expressing the novel markers. A combination of in situ hybridization with immunohistochemistry showed the expression of 3 midbrain-enriched mRNAs in dopaminergic neurons. We tested whether mouse markers could be human markers. There was a good overall conservation of expression patterns in both species. To evaluate the assumption that genes predominantly expressed in a given brain structure may indeed be relevant to its function, we chose pathophysiological conditions that target specific neuron populations. Using quantitative RT-PCR, we so far measured the abundance of striatum- or cortex-enriched transcripts in the mouse R6/2 genetic model of Huntington’s disease. Likewise, we showed the regulation of transcripts enriched in the striatum or substantia nigra in pharmacological rodent models of Parkinson’s disease, in which the nigro-striatal dopaminergic pathway has been lesioned
Franco, Aurore. "Cinématique Actuelle du Nord de l'Amérique Centrale: Zone de Jonction Triple Amérique du Nord Amérique-Cocos-Caraïbe. Apport des données sismologiques et géodésiques aux modèles régionaux." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00431870.
Full textAllingri, Matthieu. "Le métier de notaire en Europe méridionale à la fin du Moyen Âge : Étude comparée de deux modèles régionaux (Italie communale, pays catalans, v. 1280-1420)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20125.
Full textThe purpose of this doctoral thesis is to study the professional activity of notaries in southern Europe at the end of the Middle Ages in its multiple dimensions (private acts, judicial, administrative activity, etc.), its cultural foundations, its material organization and its links with political and legal structures, and in the many functions it assumed according to context and society. The evolution of the profession from the 14th century onwards is indeed not well known, even in Italy where it has often been studied, but mainly in earlier periods, even as sources are much more abundant and precise and allow to grasp slight differences within the profession.The innovative purpose of this work is to relate the shapings and functions of the profession of notary indifferent political and cultural unities, in which they have been comprehended in a different manner through a very compartmentalized regional historiography. Communal Italy and Catalan countries saw the emergence of the two most important models of southern notary work, with original features, rather homogeneous, yet with slight differences, and with a large territorial influence. The purpose here is to parallel the characteristics of notary work and its evolution in both regions through a detailed study of first-hand documentation, focusing on the regions of Sienna and Girona, and a bibliographic study on a larger regional scale. This work is much more than a juxtaposition of cases given that it is based on cross-interrogations of fields and problematics brought about by the study of notarial activity, which in return sheds light on regional characteristics. Mostly, beyond the study of a professional group, it aims at situating the slight evolutions of its activities in relation to broader political, cultural and economic evolutions in the course of the 14th century
Froidurot, Stéphanie. "Approche multi-échelle pour l'évaluation de la pluie dans les modèles climatiques régionaux.Etude dans le sud-est de la France." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAU017/document.
Full textClimate projections for the end of the century indicate drier summers and more intense precipitation in the Mediterranean.In this respect, the characterization of rainfall in the region is necessary to understand its future changes.Regional climate models (RCM) are essential tools to understand the regional climate and to project its future evolution.This thesis aims at characterizing and evaluating rainfall simulated by RCM in Southeast France, typical of the mediterranean coastal regions.The description of observed rainfall at the same scales as RCM is a prerequisite.Observed and simulated rainfall is described in terms of values and spatial and temporal structure of occurrence and intensity.Weather types are used to explore the relation between rainfall features and the underlying physical processes.In the RCM, the annual total volume of water precipitated over the study region is closed to the observed values.However, this total volume is not distributed the same in space and time in the RCM simulations and in the observations.Among the multiple facets of the rainfall climatology, this study highlights the influence of the relief and of the solar cycle both in the triggering and in the intensity of rain.Rain appears to occur preferentially in the late afternoon, in connection with the daytime heating of the surface.However, the maximum of rain occurrence simulated by the RCM is earlier than in the observations, suggesting a too quick response of the convection scheme to the diurnal cycle of surface fluxes, in relation to the absence of transition between shallow and deep convection in most schemes.Besides, within the study region, the orographic forcing appears to be quite different for the two ranges of the domain and is much more pronounced over the Cévennes.The RCM reproduce the influence of the topography on rainfall features.Yet, the contrast between plains and mountains is more pronounced in the models than in the observations, especially when the large-scale forcing is weak and the convection is prevailing in the study area.The contrast accentuation between plain and relief in the models seems to be due to a too high sensitivity of the convection schemes to the air mass convergence and instability favored by the relief
Badeau, Mylène, and Mylène Badeau. "Effets d'un antioxydant, le tempol, sur les actions métaboliques et vasculaires de l'insuline chez le rat insulino-résistant avec un surplus de poids. Effets de l'insuline sur le transport du glucose dans le muscle squelettique, la réactivité vasculaire, l'expression des protéines eNOS, le stress oxydatif et les effets hémodynamiques régionaux." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18703.
Full textParmi la population nord-américaine, les cas de diabète de type 2 et d’obésité ont atteint des niveaux alarmants. Leurs conséquences sur la santé publique, la vie économique et l’avenir des populations sont majeures. Mon projet de maîtrise avait pour but de caractériser les dérèglements métaboliques et vasculaires suscités chez le rat soumis à une alimentation riche en gras saturés et en sucre raffinés, et à examiner les effets d’un antioxydant (tempol). Nos résultats indiquent qu’un traitement avec tempol améliore la sensibilité à l’insuline mesurée lors de clamp euglycémique hyperinsulinémique, réduit le gain de poids, augmente l’expression endothéliale de eNOS (estimée par microscopie confocale) et diminue la quantité de protéines nitrotyrosinées dans l’aorte. Il améliore aussi le transport du glucose dans le muscle squelettique et la réactivité vasculaire in vitro. Ces résultats suggèrent non seulement une association étroite entre la diète, les maladies cardiovasculaires, le stress oxydatif et eNOS, mais démontrent aussi l’efficacité du tempol à améliorer la sensibilité à l’insuline et la fonction endothéliale dans ce modèle animal.
In the Western hemisphere, the incidence of type 2 diabetes and obesity have been growing at an alarming rate. Their consequences on public health, economic situation and population’s future are major. My research project at the Master degree was designed to characterize metabolic and vascular dysfunctions elicited in a rat model fed a high fat and high sucrose diet, and to examine in this animal model the effect of a chronic treatment with the antioxidant, tempol. Our results indicate that treatment with tempol significantly improves insulin sensitivity measured during a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, reduces weight gain, increases endothelium eNOS protein expression (confocal microscopy) and reduces nitrotyrosine formation in aortas. An improvement in insulin-mediated glucose transport activity in skeletal muscles and in vascular reactivity were also noted. These results not only suggest the presence of a close link between diet, cardiovascular diseases, oxidative stress and eNOS, but also indicate the ability of treatment with tempol to significantly improve insulin sensitivity and endothelial functions in this rat model.
In the Western hemisphere, the incidence of type 2 diabetes and obesity have been growing at an alarming rate. Their consequences on public health, economic situation and population’s future are major. My research project at the Master degree was designed to characterize metabolic and vascular dysfunctions elicited in a rat model fed a high fat and high sucrose diet, and to examine in this animal model the effect of a chronic treatment with the antioxidant, tempol. Our results indicate that treatment with tempol significantly improves insulin sensitivity measured during a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, reduces weight gain, increases endothelium eNOS protein expression (confocal microscopy) and reduces nitrotyrosine formation in aortas. An improvement in insulin-mediated glucose transport activity in skeletal muscles and in vascular reactivity were also noted. These results not only suggest the presence of a close link between diet, cardiovascular diseases, oxidative stress and eNOS, but also indicate the ability of treatment with tempol to significantly improve insulin sensitivity and endothelial functions in this rat model.
Ha, Minh Truong. "No precipitation or heavy precipitation : how can we make regional climate models more reliable over Euro-Mediterranean?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS187.
Full textThe Euro-Mediterranean area has been identified as a hot-spot for climate change with higher probability of occurrence of extreme events conducive to floods and droughts. However, models tend to simulate too often light precipitation and to underestimate heavy precipitation, making them unreliable for the estimation of future extreme events over this region. The motivation of this PhD project is to better understand and model the processes leading to these extremes, by considering their spatial variability linked to very diverse conditions, and to better estimate the answer of these processes to climate change. I first analyze the triggering of precipitation based on the relationship between precipitation, IWV and tropospheric temperature from different ensembles of the regional climate simulations over Europe from 0.44° to convective-permitting (CP) resolution to assess the impact of resolution and convection parameterization in representing precipitation triggering. Then I used a small ensemble of simulations with the parameterization of deep convection switched off at a coarser resolution than the CP ensemble, this aims to disentangle the impact of higher resolution and explicit convection in CP simulations. Finally, I investigated the evolution of precipitation triggering processes in a warming climate using an ensemble of CP simulations. The results show that CP ensemble presents a lower occurrence of weak precipitation and more intense extreme events. To explain this tendency, I determine the critical value of water vapor (IWVcv) over which the precipitation occurrence picks up for different bins of temperature and I compare the values obtained for the different ensembles. I show that lower frequency of precipitation in CP simulations can be explained by higher IWVcv and lower probability to exceed IWVcv over the areas with vigorous convection. The explicit convection plays a more important role in simulating precipitation frequency, while the impact of higher resolution varies with different models. In addition, over the high mountain, model resolution has a larger impact in simulating IWVcv because dynamical processes linked to orography play an important role in triggering convection. Over the plains, higher resolution has a larger impact at low temperature bins but at high temperature, the impact of deep explicit convection is greater. Over the sea, IWVcv is not impacted by model resolution because precipitation triggering depends on large scale convergence over there. In a warming climate, the distribution of IWVcv is expected to shift towards higher temperature and water vapor, this leads to a less often but stronger convection in the future projections
Zidi, Faycel. "Politiques économiques et disparités régionales en Tunisie : une analyse en équilibre général micro-stimulé." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00965133.
Full textModol, Philippe. "Télévision et culture régionale : recherche d'une corrélation entre un modèle culturel et un programme régional : France 3 Ouest." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040087.
Full textWestern Brittany is a well-defined region where people speak one of the Celtic languages. Also, the Breton station of the only TV network in France produces regional programs in that language. France 3 ouest is located in Rennes, the European town of the digital images. But the reason for our study is to suppose the Breton TV is made depending on the Celtic specificity, and more accurately, the conjunction of the Breton's cultural values. Our approach is not entirely historical because we want to prove that the Breton broadcasting company has accomplished itself with the transmission of the Breton's knowledge during this century as the Celtic tradition has done since ancient times. Also, the constant tracer which can be used to compare the mutation of this tradition with the mutation of the Breton broadcasting -including radio- is the mythic motive of the pennkalet (hard head) only. This one has passed on through the times into three stages: the "bretonization", the idealization and the francization. Radio-Bretagne (1927-63) and France 3 ouest (196396) have developed respectively on a parallel with this same series of actions. Inferring that, the Breton broadcasting has happened with regard to the Breton aspect. There is a relative homology between the evolutive scheme of the "hard head" and France 3 ouest. But, if it includes the Breton cultural objects is no more by the only bretonization than all the movement! And the other TV in the world?
Driouech, Fatima. "Distribution des précipitations hivernales sur le Maroc dans le cadre d'un changement climatique : descente d'échelle et incertitudes." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0065/document.
Full textIn the context of climate change, it is important to improve climate information concerning countries that may be negatively impacted by global warming such as Morocco. Indeed, various studies of future projections, including IPCC ones, are mainly based on the outputs of low resolution climate models that do not allow accessing the regional and local scales. The first part of this work focuses on the study and analysis of observed climate evolution and trends in Morocco through a set of climate indices. Moroccan rainfall is characterized by a high interannual variability and more frequent droughts have occurred since the early 1980s. Furthermore, a clear change is shown in the distribution of precipitation during the period 1961-2008. It consists in a shift towards warmer and drier conditions. The assessment of future climate changes is done, firstly, using a variable resolution version of the global GCM ARPEGE-Climat with high resolution over Morocco (50km). The examination of this version capability shows the ability of the model to well reproduce the large scale circulation as well as the interannual variability of Moroccan rainfall despite an underestimation of its amount. A reduction of winter rainfall over the whole country is projected by the model for 2021-2050. In the region located west of the Atlas Mountains, the reduction could concern the wettest part of the year (ONDJFM). The changes in rainfall characteristics may also occur through a decrease in the number of wet days and the number of heavy precipitation events and by more persistent droughts. Furthermore, an increase of mean temperature is projected at annual and seasonal scales. The outputs of ten RCMs of the FP6-ENSEMBLES (ENSEMBLES) project are used to assess the uncertainties associated to future climate change. The changes issued from ARPEGE-Climat are in the range covered by the ten RCMs. Most of the models agreed on a reduction of winter precipitation associated with a decrease in the number of heavy precipitation events and an increase in the number of maximum consecutive dry days. The evaluation of a statistical downscaling approach that uses large scale fields such as North Atlantic weather regimes to construct local scenarios of future climate change shows the deficiency of this approach in the case of Moroccan winter precipitation. This result is obtained by both ARPEGE-Climat and the ENSEMBLES RCMs. The quantile-quantile correction method extended to weather regimes and applied to the outputs of ARPEGE-Climat confirms the sign of the changes despite a slight reduction of their amplitudes. The assessment of potential impacts on hydrology done using the hydrological model GR2M and the climate scenarios issued from ARPEGE-Climat shows a future reduction of the Moulouya watershed discharges. This is due to the combination of a rainfall decrease and an enhanced potential evapotranspiration induced by increasing temperature. Finally, a dynamical downscaling achieved using the limited area model ALADINClimat with very high resolution (12km) on the northern half of the country allows a further assessment of future climate changes and related uncertainties. The projections issued from ARPEGE-Climat are generally confirmed both in terms of average and of extremes
Dall'erba, Sandy. "Les politiques de développement régional en Europe à la lumière des outils récents de la science régionale." Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU2004.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to consider the geographic location and the spatial environment of each European region in the estimation of the impact of the regional development policies. On the contrary of the studies à la Barro and Sala-I-Martin, we do not consider the regions as isolated entities. For this purpose, the relevant models (neoclassical and endogenous growth models, economic geography models) and methodologies are used. First, we review the tools of regional policies and the evolution of regional disparities. Second, we study the distribution of per capita GDP and structural funds among 145 European regions over 1989-1999. We detect the presence of positive spatial autocorrelation and spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of these variables. Then we measure through spatial econometrics the evolution of the convergence process over this period and the impact of structural funds. We find spillover effects, but only among core regions. Third, we focus on the regional system of Spain because this country is the first beneficiary of regional funds, but inequalities among its regions increase a lot. We measure the convergence of labor productivity per sector, and then estimate the parameters of a CES production function in continuous time. We also calculate the spatial gradients of the fundamental variables by projection methods. Finally, we study the nature, either competitive or complementary, of the spillover effects among Iberian regions
Guidard, Vincent. "Assimilation multi-échelle dans un modèle météorologique régional." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00569483.
Full textBenini, Roberta. "Le modèle de développement et la structuration des espaces régionaux en Union soviétique." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010031.
Full textDerouiche, Sabrine. "Impact du changement climatique dans les modèles numériques à l'échelle régionale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASJ025.
Full textThe Mediterranean region is considered one of the most vulnerable areas to climate change because of its socio-cultural wealth and its biodiversity. Several studies about the evolution of different parameters found a significant climate variability at the end of the 20th century. Moreover,according to climate projection models, an intensification of this climate change is expected, over the region, to the end of the 21th century.Consequently, their impacts become more dangerous and expensive. Rain is considered to be the most sensitive signature of climate for humans. Thus, its analysis and the characterization of rainfall regimes over the region allow to apprehend its future evolution. This study is mainly based on daily rainfall observations collected from 70 rain gauge stations over 50-year period (1960-2009) on a regional scale covering all of northern Tunisia. On the other hand, daily precipitations produced by ERA-Interim reanalysis model, equally at regional scale, are also considered in this study. These estimated data have the advantage of being complete over the time and the space. They can have an important role in understanding the climate variability, hence it is essential to assess their quality in relation to observations. The rainfall data processing is novel. Indeed, the analysis of spatial and temporal variability analysis was carried out on the rain event scale. Although rainfall in Tunisia has been analysed by several hydrologists and geographers at different scales ranging from a few minutes to years, the division into rainy episodes and dry episodes proposed in this analysis is original. This approach aims to take into account the intermittent nature of the rain which is one of the fundamental properties of the precipitations. The aggregation of rainy days led to consider six descriptors of rainy events for each measurement point over a period of 50 years. The multidimensional space, thus, created was analysed in the first part by a classic factorial method PCA (Principal Component Analysis), then by the non-linear classification method SOM (Self-Organizing Map) combined with Hierarchical agglomerative clustering (HAC). The two approaches allowed to understand the rainfall data structures and to define a typology. The principal component analysis summarized the six rainfall descriptors adopted into three main components: the first one is an indicator of the rainfall quantity, the second one represents the intermittent character of rain over the season and the third one is a structure indicator. The spatial interpretation divided the study area into three regions of NE-SW orientation, with an opposition between the North-West facade and its hinterland and the South-East facade and its hinterland with an intermediate zone located between these two regions. Moreover, the thesis investigated the correlations between the principal components of PCAs and climate patterns indices. Significant correlations were found for the North Atlantic Oscillation and Arctic Oscillation indices. In addition, relationships between sea surface pressure anomalies and principal components were shown by a composite analysis. The combined methods (SOM and HAC) were applied to rainfall descriptors produced by the rain gauge stations network and highlighted 4 classes with different typologies of wet spells structure. Their spatial and temporal variability was, then, analysed. These classes were used as a reference for the analysis of the reanalysis data.The univariate and multivariate analysis of the model data and the comparison with the observations showed that the number of rainy days and the duration of the events are significantly overestimated in the reanalyses. Moreover, the statistical distributions didn't have the same asymmetry. On the other hand, the model showed a good coherence of the temporal structures of the rainfall classes with the observations on a regional scale
Bobe, Steven. "Le modèle de développement économique local des parcs naturels régionaux : l'exemple des parcs naturels régionaux d'Armorique et des marais du Cotentin et du Bessin." Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20041.
Full textThe transformation of the countryside calls for new models in local development which we enhance by using the expression Parc naturel régional. After exploring the characteristics we will suggest they be defined as " amenital districts ". One surveys were taken out in the PNR of Armorique and Marais du Cotentin et du Bessin. We recorded the dynamics and the shape and aspects which were specific to the PNR's model of development. Although the number of firms involved in this type of development is minimal, their cognitive impact is substantial. Our geographical analysis has also allowed us to identify a spatial model which is specific to PNR, relying on the difference between " fundamental area "," secondary area ". Thus we can speak about reasoned cohabitation rather than conciliation between economic activities and the protection of nature. Thanks to this model, we will explain the major stakes which having a view on the countryside entail, we will suggest the visual access concept
Ahcar, Olmos Jaime Rafael. "An inquiry on Regional Trade Integration and Trade Potentials." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090055/document.
Full textRegional trade agreements (RTAs) have surged in a context of stalled multilateral trade negotiations. This doctoral thesis intends to advance scientific knowledge in the field. Thus, thanks to a gravity model theoretical framework, three chapters of applied empirical econometrics analysis have been completed. The first chapter examines the effects of RTAs, the Generalized System of Preference (GSP) and World Trade Organization memberships on bilateral trade flows. I put into practice different econometric specifications and estimation methods, notably Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML), which is the one that better seems to contend with well-known biases and endogeneity problems. I conduct this research with an international trade gravity model estimated across 153 countries from the year 1980 to 2012.I consistently found a strong positive impact of regional trade agreement RTAs on most specifications and low or non-significant results for WTO membership. The estimates from the PPML method that includes controls for unobserved heterogeneity show non-significant effects of the Generalized System of Preference (GSP) on trade.The second chapter, co-authored with my supervisor Jean-Marc Siroën, explores the effect of heterogeneity of RTAs in the scope of deep integration. We intend to determine if deeper RTAs promote trade more effectively than less ambitious agreements. We make use of two recently available data sets from the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the World Trade Institute (WTI-DESTA) to generate credible indicators of deep integration. Additive and Multiple Correspondence Analysis derived indicators for the depth of the agreements are then computed and their significance is tested in a gravity model. We find that deeper agreements increase trade more than shallow ones, whereas the provisions they included are within or outside of the WTO domain.The third chapter investigates the existence of trade potentials between Colombia and the EU. I obtain in-sample predictions after the estimation of a gravity model with the Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood estimator. I control for unobserved omitted variable bias by the inclusion of exporter and importer time varying fixed effects, and run a series of sensitivity analysis.Untapped trade potentials are found between Colombia and a group of EU countries in both directions of the trade flows. Exports from Colombia have a gap to bridge with Austria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Poland and Sweden. In the other direction, Sweden, Ireland, Finland and Poland have an interesting margin to gain in the Colombian market
Orsariyev, Aryn. "Le modèle géopolitique de la sécurité régionale de l'Asie centrale." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010317.
Full textNadeau, Anne-Marie. "Le développement du Parc régional Montjoye proposition d'un modèle participatif." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2001. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1984.
Full textCasado, Lopez Alberto. "Simulation du climat en Méditerranée dans un modèle couplé régional." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066699.
Full textAdam, Sylvie. "La trame urbaine : Hexagone et analyse théorique des semis urbains." Rouen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ROUEL153.
Full textThe main aim of this research is to look into the heuristic value of the regular hexagonal patterns as these appear in central place theories. The link between regular hexagonal patterns, principles of organization, and concepts of central place theories is first examined. Particular attention is given to the theory of centrality and other works by Walter Christaller, and to the theory of economic regions proposed by August Losch. An overview of more recent theories of central places and applications of hexagonal patterns on urban webs in regional settings is provided. The regular hexagonal pattern can be conceived either as a mesh (only nodes and edges are significant), or as a grid which actually contains people and functions. The second part deals with the regular hexagonal tesselation. Using the example of France, the regular geometric pattern is shown not to fit the structure and organization of the urban web. The third part, based upon Georges Nicolas research on Western Switzerland, confirms the same lack of fit for the regular hexagonal grid. For this reason, an adaptable polygonal grid is proposed as a substitute for the traditional and regular hexagonal tesselations. (abstract by Peter R. Gould and Sylvie Adam)
Ghio, Stéphane. "Disparités spatiales et croissance économique : théories et modèles de la nouvelle économie géographique." Toulon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUL2001.
Full textThe main aim of this thesis is to analyze the evolution of spatial disparities according to different stages of regional development. Starting from theorical and empirical works of the "new economic geography", we develop both theorical and empirical studies of the convergence/divergence process of territories at different stages of development. The first part of the dissertation deals with the theoricai models of the new economic geography (chapter 1: agglomeration economies and spatial concentration; chapter 2: growth and spatial concentration; chapter 3: economic integration and spatial concentration). The second part develops and examines two theorical models wich showjsi, in a "by-stages economic development" perspective, the influence of different kinds of agglomeration economies, openess policies and economic integration on the spatial concentration of industrial activities (chapters 4 and 5). The third part proposes an empirical approach. In chapter 6: we make a survey of numerous econometrical studies wich analyze the part of "natural advantage", comparative advantage, home market effect, specialization, diversification, transport infrastructures and knowledge spillovers on the process of spatial concentration and the regional growth. In the last chapter (7), we consider an econometrica! model, applying an error component model, a seemingly unrelated equations model and a probit model to measure the influence of geographical spillovers on the industrial growth of french regions from 1975 to 1992
Fontbonne, Frédéric. "Détermination in situ de champs de contrainte régionaux et interprétations." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GLOB0007.
Full textThe determination of a regional stress field by HTPF method (Hydraulic Tests on Preexisting Fractures) requires, on the one had, accurate data of local stresses and, on the other hand, an interpolation law which smooths low scale heterogeneities and puts forward the strong disturbances. We develop these two complementary aspects in this PhD while working first of all, on uncertainties related to the HTPF method. Then, we present the interpretation results of three different sets of stress measurements: influence of the main stress directions on the hydraulic activity of regional faults, geotechnical information deduced from the ratio of the horizontal minimump stress over the vertical stress (K0), and topographic influences in the framework of the construction of a deep tunnel connecting two alpine valleys. Finally, we integrate stress measurements in a numerical geomechanical model (FLAC3D) in order to extrapolate the results at the massif scale. That gives us the opportunity to study the influence of large regional heterogeneities on the stress field, as well as the incidence of visco-elastic parameters. We also discuss the choice to inverse the direct normal stresses rather than the stress profiles deduced from HTPF method. Then, the solution is examined, by considering an homogeneous elastic medium, which enabled us to extract the stress values at 12 km depth and we show that they are coherent with local focal mechanisms
Ellero, Jéremy. "Perspective de coopération régionale dans le Pacifique : quels modèles d'intégration économique pour les territoires français ?" Thesis, Nouvelle Calédonie, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NCAL0001/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to make a significant contribution on the prospects of regional integration of the French Pacific territories in the current international context. As well, it aims at identifying the opportunities for business development to the export market. The emancipation of the French collectivities in Oceania cannot be confined to removing them from United Nations’ list of seventeen territories to be decolonized. More generally, the integration of islands with populations of under one million into international trade flows is the key to the issues of insular development. We will therefore seek to determine whether the MIRAB (Migration, Remittances, Aid, Bureaucracy) reference model of the Pacific economies is still up to the challenges of globalization. The multilateral trading system is undergoing profound change and seems to be seeing a regional fragmentation of its spheres of influence. Since the early 2000’s, the initiative of the Pacific Island Countries Trade Agreement (PICTA) and Pacific Agreement on Closer Economic Relations (PACER) agreements would appear to be the first step towards the construction of a regional single market in the Pacific. Oceania represents a market of seven million consumers scattered over one-third of the surface area of the globe. Geographical isolation, lack of commercial openings and the heterogeneous nature of the Pacific Island economies have a direct influence on commercial policies. Furthermore, in New Caledonia as in French Polynesia 97% are very small businesses employing less than 10 people. As in most islands of Oceania, the economic model is only oriented toward the internal market and is not structured for export. In this context, the French Pacific territories are labeled as one of the 34 «hotspot » of the biodiversity; their ecosystems are amongst the most diversified in the world. Rich of this competitive advantage, the valorization of the endemic fauna and flora can take many forms: agriculture, tourism, extraction of resources, scientific research…We will try to define the most profitable exploitation of the natural heritage for a sustainable development
Moufouma-Okia, Wilfran. "Modélisation du climat de l'Afrique de l'Ouest avec le modèle régional MAR." Grenoble INPG, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPG0025.
Full textDoucet, Carole. "Activités viticoles et développement régional." Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40012.
Full textAnne, Sabourin. "Mélanges bayésiens de modèles d'extrêmes multivariés, Application à la prédétermination régionale des crues avec données incomplètes." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00880873.
Full textSabourin, Anne. "Mélanges bayésiens de modèles d'extrêmes multivariés : application à la prédétermination régionale des crues avec données incomplètes." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10137/document.
Full textUni-variate extreme value theory extends to the multivariate case but the absence of a natural parametric framework for the joint distribution of extremes complexifies inferential matters. Available non parametric estimators of the dependence structure do not come with tractable uncertainty intervals for problems of dimension greater than three. However, uncertainty estimation is all the more important for applied purposes that data scarcity is a recurrent issue, particularly in the field of hydrology. The purpose of this thesis is to develop modeling tools for the dependence structure between extremes, in a Bayesian framework that allows uncertainty assessment. Chapter 2 explores the properties of the model obtained by combining existing ones, in a Bayesian Model Averaging framework. A semi-parametric Dirichlet mixture model is studied next : a new parametrization is introduced, in order to relax a moments constraint which characterizes the dependence structure. The re-parametrization significantly improves convergence and mixing properties of the reversible-jump algorithm used to sample the posterior. The last chapter is motivated by an hydrological application, which consists in estimating the dependence structure of floods recorded at four neighboring stations, in the ‘Gardons’ region, southern France, using historical data. The latter increase the sample size but most of them are censored. The lack of explicit expression for the likelihood in the Dirichlet mixture model is handled by using a data augmentation framework
Jalbert, Jonathan. "Développement d'un modèle statistique non stationnaire et régional pour les précipitations extrêmes simulées par un modèle numérique de climat." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAU032/document.
Full textPrecipitation extremes plays a major role in flooding events and their occurrence as well as their intensity are expected to increase. It is therefore important to anticipate the impacts of such an increase to ensure the public safety and the infrastructure sustainability. Since climate models are the only tools for providing quantitative projections of precipitation, flood risk management for the future climate may be based on their simulations. Most of the time, the Extreme value theory is used to estimate the extreme precipitations from a climate simulation, such as the T-year return levels. The variance of the estimations are generally large notably because the sample size of the maxima series are short. Such variance could have a significant impact for flood risk management. It is therefore relevant to reduce the estimation variance of simulated return levels. For this purpose, the aim of this paper is to develop a non-stationary and regional statistical model especially suited for climate models that estimates precipitation extremes. At first, the non-stationarity is removed by a preprocessing approach. Thereafter, the spatial correlation is modeled by a Bayesian hierarchical model including an intrinsic Gaussian Markov random field. The model has been used to estimate the 100-year return levels over North America from a simulation by the Canadian Regional Climate Model. The results show a large estimation variance reduction when using the regional model
Jalbert, Jonathan. "Développement d'un modèle statistique non stationnaire et régional pour les précipitations extrêmes simulées par un modèle numérique de climat." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26565.
Full textGauthier, Alain. "Analyse d'une modélisation lagrangienne des panaches dans un modèle régional de pollution atmosphérique." Paris, ENMP, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENMP0893.
Full textLipphardt, Markus. "Prise en compte d'une source ponctuelle dans un modèle régional de pollution atmosphérique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10123.
Full textBuda, Rodolphe. "Modélisation multi-dimensionnelle et analyse muti-régionale de l’économie française." Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100229.
Full textIn this thesis, we have considered multidimensional modelling - multiregional, multi-sectoral one - according to a theoretical, empirical and instrumental point of view. In the first part, we have examined the state of macro-econometric modelling in analyzing its main quantitative tools. Then, we have considered Labor Economics and Regional Science to identify the theories and models which represent the spatial labor market. In the second part, we have presented the main modelling algorithms then we have left the assumption that choice of algorithms is theoretically neutral, and we have proposed a Quantitative Austrian Modelling. Finally we have presented the modelling both SIMUL and SIM2 software we have developed. In the third part, we have presented our work to build a modelling data bank, especially long run time series of the French regional employment 1967-2006. Finally, we have examined the problem of data revision process. In the last part, we have tried to develop a short run analysis of regional French employment. If we consider that INSEE published its last definitive regional data during year H, and T is the current year, our work has consisted in estimating the regional employment of years H+1, H+2 and T-1. We have compared our results to the national data of the main institutions (UNEDIC, ACOSS, URSAFF, MSA)
Akrimi, Neila. "Le partenariat euro-méditerranéen, un modèle de développement régional à l'épreuve de la globalisation." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX32002.
Full textPenduff, Thierry. "Etude de la dynamique de l'Atlantique nord-est à l'aide d'un modèle numérique régional." Brest, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BRES2031.
Full textPalmiéri, Julien. "Modélisation biogéochimique de la mer Méditerranée avec le modèle régional couplé NEMO-MED12/PISCES." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS0061/document.
Full textThe Mediterranean Sea is considered as a hot spot of climate change. This arid region, already under high anthropogenic influence, is said to become even warmer and drier, with still an increasing anthropogenic pressure. In this context, numerous physical and biogeochemical data are currently collected in the Mediterranean Sea, within the MERMEX project, enabling to better study and understand the Mediterranean biogeochemical cycles. Complementary to in-situ observations, modelling is an unique tool that helps to understand and quantify biogeochemical controling processes in the Mediterranean Sea, its specificity, and its evolution. In this study, we propose the setting and evaluation of a regional, high resolution, marine dynamicalbiogeochemical coupled model (NEMO-PISCES). It will be the first model available for the MERMEX community, that covers the whole Mediterranean Sea. Therefor, after the evaluation of NEMO-MED12 dynamical forcing fields, within passive tracers simulation (CFC), firsts use of this tool have been made : (i) we have evaluated anthropogenic carbon uptake and induced acidification of the Mediterranean Sea, within a perturbation approach ; (ii) we have analysed Mediterranean Sea trophic regimes, as represented by the model, for different layers of the photic zone
Palmiéri, Julien. "Modélisation biogéochimique de la mer Méditerranée avec le modèle régional couplé NEMO-MED12/PISCES." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS0061.
Full textThe Mediterranean Sea is considered as a hot spot of climate change. This arid region, already under high anthropogenic influence, is said to become even warmer and drier, with still an increasing anthropogenic pressure. In this context, numerous physical and biogeochemical data are currently collected in the Mediterranean Sea, within the MERMEX project, enabling to better study and understand the Mediterranean biogeochemical cycles. Complementary to in-situ observations, modelling is an unique tool that helps to understand and quantify biogeochemical controling processes in the Mediterranean Sea, its specificity, and its evolution. In this study, we propose the setting and evaluation of a regional, high resolution, marine dynamicalbiogeochemical coupled model (NEMO-PISCES). It will be the first model available for the MERMEX community, that covers the whole Mediterranean Sea. Therefor, after the evaluation of NEMO-MED12 dynamical forcing fields, within passive tracers simulation (CFC), firsts use of this tool have been made : (i) we have evaluated anthropogenic carbon uptake and induced acidification of the Mediterranean Sea, within a perturbation approach ; (ii) we have analysed Mediterranean Sea trophic regimes, as represented by the model, for different layers of the photic zone
Charlot, Sylvie. "Economie géographique et croissance régionale : le rôle des infrastructures publiques." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOE015.
Full textJavelle, Pierre. "Caractérisation du régime des crues : le modèle débit-durée-fréquence convergent ; approche locale et régionale." Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPG0017.
Full textCool, Geneviève. "Modèles pour l'estimation de la variabilité régionale présente et future de la présence des trihalométhanes dans l'eau potable." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26141.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to estimate the present and the future regional variability of trihalomethane (THM) occurrence in drinking water utilities (DWUs) supplied by surface water using multilevel models. The regional variability of THMs was investigated using a large database developed as part of this thesis that takes into account information about regulatory drinking water quality analyses, treatment infrastructures, surface water quality, and many other spatiotemporal parameters that may influence source water quality (Chapter 2). The multilevel models allow for the consideration of the hierarchical structure of the data and the study of variability among THM samples, while controlling for the grouping of THM concentrations within DWUs and at the regional level. At first, multilevel linear regression models were developed to estimate the regional and temporal variability of an indicator of THM precursors (i.e., dissolved organic carbon – DOC) (Chapter 3). Then, using the knowledge acquired in this study and based on multilevel logistic regression models, we developed a model which allows us to estimate the regional variability in the probability of THM concentrations exceeding a specific threshold in drinking water (Chapter 4). Then, this model was used to estimate the possible impact of climate change on the future regional variability in the probability of THM concentrations exceeding the threshold (Chapter 5). Multilevel models have only rarely been used in the field of drinking water quality modelling. And yet results from this thesis demonstrate that they are quite useful in considering the natural hierarchy of variables allowing for the modelling of drinking water quality on a regional basis. The database we developed and the methodological exploration of multilevel regression models that is carried out through the chapters of this thesis offer a useful framework for future modelling studies which examine the regional variability of drinking water quality. Keywords: drinking water, surface water, multilevel regression models, regional ecological framework, trihalomethanes, disinfection by-products, dissolved organic carbon, climate change
Kenny, Guillaume. "Modélisation du transport de contaminant à l'échelle régionale en milieu discrètement fracturé." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24204/24204.pdf.
Full textCailleau, Sylvain. "Validation de méthodes de contrainte aux frontières d'un modèle océanique : application à un modèle hauturier de l'Atlantique nord et à un modèle régional du Golfe de Gascogne." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE10208.
Full textSpecifying boundary conditions at the limits of a coastal models remains a challenge, especially for long term (multi-year) simulations. In this work, we compare several methods which allow to consider inflow and outflow conditions to the limits of a regional ocean model over long periods. The methods investigated are clambed and radiation boundary conditions, oneway and two-way grid refinement in a model of larger extent, one-way, two-way and Schwarz domain decomposition coupling of a coastal model with a general circulation model. A 1/3 degree coarse resolution model of North ATLantic (NATL3) is used to provide inflow conditions on a 3 year period (1996 to 1998) to a coastal1/15 degree fine resolution model of the BAy of BiscaY (BABY15). NATL3 model fields are used to provide boundary conditions to the coast al model in different ways. NATL3 provides the boundary information required by the clambed and the radiation conditions when BABY15 is run alone. It can be refined from 1/3 to 1/15 degree in the region of the BABY15 model with AG RIF tool developed by the Laboratoire de Modélisation et de Calcul (LMC, Grenoble) team, the coarse grid and the fine grid being integrated with or without a feedback of the fine grid onto the coarse grid (two-way or one-way mode) [. . . ]
Escribano, Jerónimo. "Inversion régionale des sources de poussières désertiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066023/document.
Full textIn this thesis we design and apply a data assimilation system for the estimation of mineral dust emission fluxes at the regional scale. We assimilate aerosol optical depth retrievals from satellite-borned instruments in a regional configuration of a general circulation model, coupled to an aerosol model and to a dust production module. The control variable in the assimilation system are correction factors for the prior emissions of the dust production module. We focus our inversions over North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula for a one-year period. We describe the dust production module and the assimilation system. The inversion results and the validation against independent measurements is presented in detail. We continue this thesis with a focus on the sensitivity of the inferred dust emissions with respect to the observational dataset assimilated. For this purpose, we have assimilated five different aerosol optical depth retrievals in our data assimilation system. We have identified systematic errors in the model, in the observations and limitations and advantages of our approach. We have given special attention to the definition of the error statistics and the numerical procedure to compute the analyses. We propose and implement a bias correction scheme in the observational space, and we evaluate its performance
Madiès, Thierry. "Concurrence fiscale, compétition entre collectivités locales et localisation des entreprises : modèles de jeux." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010068.
Full textThe thesis deals with the effects of fiscal competition among local governments. The common, though not universal, view of tax competition is that localities set their business tax rates below the globally optimal rate to encourage capital formation in the localities. We provide empirical evidence of tax competition for the french local business tax (the "taxe professionnelle"). Next we use dynamic games from industrial organization to describe more generally competition between local governments and derive equilibrium subsidies. Empirical evidence relating to efficiency of these subsidies on firm location is provided from different audit office reports. We conclude with fiscal consolidation and leviathan problems
Ro'i, Laïsa. "L'intégration régionale océanienne : enjeux, contraintes et perspectives." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40025/document.
Full textThe purpose of this dissertation is to shed new light on the interactions between trade integration andmonetary integration, using the Oceanian region as a case study. The Oceanian continent has not enjoyed excessiveattention amongst researchers in international economics. And yet, the region offers a striking illustration of themechanisms through which small island economies interact with the global economy, via complex regional processes.As such, it constitutes an excellent research field for the question of the sequencing between monetary integration andtrade integration. The approach adopted in this thesis is steeped in applied economics, and uses various methodologies(panel econometrics, multinomial discrete choice models, gravity equations) to bring a fresh perspective on the variousdimensions of the regional integration process, and on the interactions between the monetary and trade components ofthat process. The study yields three key conclusions. Firstly, the study assesses the actual integration dynamics at work,and concludes that there is a positive impact of intra-regional trade agreements, both on trade flows between membercountries and on exports to non-member countries. Secondly, the study creates a new mapping of exchange rate regimesin the region, and uses it to identify a path dependency between anchoring choices and historical determinations. Thirdly,the models analyzed suggest that the impact of common currency arrangements on intra-regional trade flows should notbe over-estimated. Rather, a closer look at the gravity equations describing the interaction between common colonialascendency and common currency arrangements suggests that history is the over-riding factor. Finally, a prospectiveanalysis leads to consider anchoring to the australian dollar as a possible option, while noting the asymmetrical impactof such an integration scheme on intra-regional trade flows