Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modèles physiologiques'
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Brochot, Céline. "Paramétrisation des modèles physiologiques toxico/pharmacocinétiques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00107374.
Full textPour notre premier protocole, nous avons appliqué l'analyse d'image au développement d'un modèle PBPK décrivant la biodistribution d'un agent de contraste, Vistarem®. Grâce à la modélisation des données recueillies par imagerie par résonance magnétique, nous avons pu caractériser la vascularisation du corps entier et celle d'une tumeur greffée, ainsi qu'évaluer statistiquement les effets d'un traitement antiangiogénique.
Ensuite, nous avons introduit l'utilisation de traceurs explorateurs lors d'études toxicocinétiques. Nous avons développé des protocoles d'exposition à une substance toxique et à un traceur non-toxique pour les humains. Sur la base d'expositions simulées, nous avons montré qu'en administrant aux sujets deux substances, il est possible de réduire la dose d'exposition du toxique (par 4 dans notre exemple d'application) tout en maintenant la précision sur l'estimation des paramètres d'intérêt. L'inconvénient majeur de ce protocole d'exposition est la lourdeur des calculs induits (la calibration de deux modèles PBPK est nécessaire). Afin de réduire la complexité des calculs engendrés, nous avons proposé d'appliquer des techniques d'agrégation de systèmes d'équations différentielles. L'essentiel de ces techniques est de réduire un système tout en conservant sa dynamique. Sur des exemples simples, nous avons montré leur potentiel en toxico/pharmacocinétique.
Chacun des deux protocoles développés dans ce travail inclut, en plus de la substance d'intérêt, l'utilisation d'une substance "annexe". Notre travail montre que l'utilisation de cette substance annexe permet de renforcer la connaissance sur l'anatomie et la physiologie du sujet considéré. Ceci conduit donc à une meilleure détermination de l'action de la substance d'intérêt. Une suite logique de notre travail serait de coupler ces deux protocoles, c'est-à-dire de développer des protocoles d'exposition à une substance toxique et à une substance visualisable par une technique d'imagerie quantitative.
Lagneau, Franck. "Intérêts des modèles physiologiques en pharmacologie anesthésique." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05P623.
Full textGeneral anesthesia is an original situation from a pharmacological point of view. Indeed, the distributive steady-state of drugs is quite never obtained and physiological parameters regulating their initial distribution vary in a great extent throughout the procedure. Therefore, although classical PK-PD models highly improved the anesthetic pharmacological knowledge, their ability to explain and predict specific observed phenomenoms is quite limited. For example, classical PK-PD model do not allow to explain the combined consequences of cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermia on the propofol PK-PD properties during cardiac surgery (article n°1). From this point of view, physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models seem more suitable because of their underlying building concept. For example, they allow to predict cefazoline intratissular free concentrations throughout a major liver surgery while using a recommended protocol for antibioprophylaxis. They allow as well to investigate physiological mechanisms underlying specific interactions between drugs such as those reported between propofol and mivacurium (article n°3). Therefore, informations obtained from physiological models should improve anesthetic drugs administration during major surgeries. Moreover, they should improve drugs administration in other unstable contexts such as in the intensive care
Roy, Monica. "Étude des superoxyde dismutases (SOD) dans l'oviducte bovin." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25279/25279.pdf.
Full textBelougne, Emmanuelle. "Action de différents neuromédiateurs dans des modèles expérimentaux de thromboses induites." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR28463.
Full textLaffon, Marc. "Clairance de l'eau alvéolaire : modifications physiologiques, pharmacologiques et en pathologie." Tours, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUR3317.
Full textRésumé en anglais : Our work exposes in detail an in vivo model used to study the alveolar liquid clearance (ALC) which is the capacity of alveolar epithelium to remove intra-alveolar water, and describes the ex vivo models reported in the literature. After a description of the structures involved in water and sodium trans-epithelial transport, we analyze the data published on the modulation of ALC. Our personal works showed for the first time, using lidocaine, that basolateral potassium channels are involved in ALC. The inhibition of part of the basolateral potassium channels by lidocaine decreases ALC. Since this inhibition was incomplete, ALC could be increased by β-adrenergic stimulation, the NA,K-ATPase activity being only indirectely inhibited. To study the role of ALC in pathological circumstances, we explored prolonged haemorrhagic shock with fluid resuscitation and smoke inhalation. In these two situations, ALC was decreased by a neutrophil-dependent mechanism, with a blockade of the upregulation of ALC by β-adrenergic stimulation in prolonged haemorrhagic shock. We showed that the release of endogenous catecholamines increased IL-1 by an α-adrenergic mechanism, which was partially responsible for the blockade in the upregulation of ALC by β-adrenergic stimulation. In case of smoke inhalation, we showed that IL-8 was involved in the mechanism of ALC decrease. These two studies confirm the effects of inflammatory and oxidant responses on this alveolar epithelial function
Mansi, Tommaso. "Modèles physiologiques et statistiques du cœur guidés par imagerie médicale : application à la tétralogie de Fallot." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00530956.
Full textGiannarelli, Sylvie. "Validation de modèles cellulaires issus du tractus digestif : la lignée IEC-6 pour l'étude de l'adaptation aux AINS et à l'éthanol au cours des passages successifs : mise au point d'un modèle de cellules musculaires lisses isolées." Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30015.
Full textBettan, Mickaël. "Transfert de gènes par électrotransfert dans le muscle squelettique et dans des modèles de tumeurs." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MNHN0032.
Full textMontandon, Gaspard. "Conséquences à long terme de la caféine administrée en période néonatale sur le développement du contrôle respiratoire du rat : étude des plasticités du contrôle respiratoire, de la fonction cardiovasculaire et de la régulation du sommeil." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25709/25709.pdf.
Full textBrunet, Bertrand. "Métabolisme, toxicocinétique, distribution tissulaire et redistribution postmortem des cannabinoïdes : études chez le porc." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT1801.
Full textGaetano, Andrea de. "Mathematical modelling of the glucose-insulin system." Pau, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PAUU1022.
Full textPuma, Sébastien. "Optimisation des apprentissages : modèles et mesures de la charge cognitive." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20058/document.
Full textLearning allows you to gain the necessary knowledge to adapt to the world. Cognitive load theory takes into consideration cognitive resources invested during school learning. However, two main limitations can be identified: a theoretical one and a methodological one. From a theoretical perspective, CLT invoke working memory (WM) to describe the cognitive resources used during learning and these models do not take time into account. The other limit is related to methodology: CLT doesn’t offer measures of cognitive load either reliable or dynamic.Taking into consideration these limitations, we suggest the use of physiological measurement and a new WM model: the TBRS (Time Based Resource Sharing). Physiological measurement is a mean to analyze the temporal variations implied by the cognitive load while TBRS model takes the temporal variation of the attentional focus allocation into account. However, the TBRS has not yet been used with meaningful items, which could be gathered into chunks. Thus, the aim of the present work is to study the benefits of using physiological measurement and the TBRS model with CLT.To address the question of cognitive load measurement, a first experiment used a task included in the ENAC’s (École Nationale d’Aviation Civile) recruitment selection process. During the experiment, cerebral activity (EEG) and eye movements (Eye-tracking) were recorded. Another series of four experiments stressed the question of the use of the TBRS model in CLT. They began by replicating a previous study using the TBRS model (exp. 2 & 3), replacing items to be held in memory by items which could be chunked. The other two experiments extended these results. Finally a sixth experiment used physiological measures to assess cognitive load variations while participants performed a protocol similar to the previous experiments.Results from these six experiments show that TBRS model and physiological measurement are consistent with CLT and also complete its findings
Niederst, Claudine. "Mise au point et intégration en clinique d'un programme prévisionnel de calcul de la répartition du champ électrique et des températures induites par des applicateurs électromagnétiques externes." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30167.
Full textChevrier, Geneviève, and Geneviève Chevrier. "Effets physiologiques et signature métabolomique de peptides de saumon et d'acides gras oméga-3 dans un modèle murin du syndrome métabolique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37193.
Full textL’objectif principal des études présentées dans cette thèse était d’étudier les effets physiologiques et mécanistiques d’une fraction de peptides de saumon (SPF) de faible poids moléculaire (molecular weight, MW) combinée ou non avec une huile riche en oméga-3 (fish oil, FO), dans un contexte d’obésité induite par une diète riche en gras et en sucre (high-fat and sucrose diet, HFS). Le modèle de souris utilisé en était un du syndrome métabolique (metabolic syndrome, MetS), la souris LDL-/-/ApoB100/100. Dans l’étude de 3 mois (JN, 2015), nous avons montré que les souris nourries avec le SPF ou à la combinaison (SPF+FO) étaient plus tolérantes au glucose. Elles présentaient également des améliorations de plusieurs conditions généralement associées avec le MetS, soit un meilleur profil lipidique, une diminution de l’inflammation du tissu adipeux épidydimaire et une amélioration de la voie de signalisation de l’insuline hépatique. Ces effets étaient associés à une légère diminution du poids corporel, du poids du foie et de l’efficience alimentaire. Les effets observés in vivo du SPF ont ensuite été validés dans 3 lignées cellulaires. Deuxièmement, nous avons voulu valider les effets du SPF au niveau de la tolérance au glucose après 3 mois de diète. Puis, nous avons exploré les mécanismes derrière les effets bénéfiques du SPF et du FO en analysant le métabolome plasmatique des acylcarnitines (AC) et l’expression de gènes hépatiques. Les niveaux d’adiponectine ainsi que l’expression de plusieurs gènes impliqués dans l’homéostasie du glucose, des lipides, dans l’inflammation et dans la β-oxydation mitochondriale et peroxisomale étaient modulés par le SPF et le FO. Le profil en AC a démontré plusieurs changements causés par le SPF et le FO autant au niveau des AC à courte chaîne qu’à moyenne et longue chaîne. Troisièmement, nous avons une fois de plus validé les effets du SPF au niveau de la tolérance au glucose, mais sur une période de 6 mois. Nous nous sommes concentrés sur le profil métabolomique des acides aminés (AA) plasmatiques et avons tenté de comprendre les changements importants survenus après 6 mois de diète en faisant l’analyse par immunobavardage des protéines et enzymes régulant le catabolisme des acides aminés à chaîne ramifiée (branched-chain amino acids, BCAA). L’utilisation du plasma obtenu au sacrifice à l’état de jeûne et post prandial de notre cohorte de souris nourries pendant 3 mois nous a permis d’évaluer l’association entre la signature métabolomique des AA et les effets physiologiques du SPF. Ces études démontrent le potentiel du SPF jumelé ou non avec le FO dans la prévention de complications reliées à l’obésité, comme l’intolérance au glucose, l’inflammation de bas degré et la dyslipidémie.
The main objective of this thesis was to evaluate the metabolic and mechanistic effects of a low-molecular-weight salmon peptide fraction (SPF) combined or not with omega-3-rich fish oil (FO) in the context of diet-induced obesity (DIO) in a murine model of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), the LDL-/-/ApoB100/100 mouse. In the first study, we have shown that mice fed the SPF alone or in combination with FO (SPF+FO) were more glucose tolerant and had marked improvements in their plasma lipid profile, adipose tissue inflammation and hepatic insulin signaling pathway. These effects were associated with a small reduction in body weight, liver weight and energy efficiency. These in vivo effects were then validated in 3 cell lines. Secondly, we validated once again the beneficial impact of SPF on glucose tolerance after 3 months of diet. We aimed to explore its mechanisms of action by doing an extensive assessment of the acylcarnitine (AC) plasma metabolome and the hepatic gene expression of the mice. We found that adiponectin levels and many hepatic genes involved in inflammation, in glucose and lipid homeostasis and in mitochondrial and peroxisomal β-oxidation were altered with SPF and FO. The AC profile was modified upon dietary treatment with FO and SPF, with significant changes in short-, medium- and long-chain AC. Thirdly, we validated the beneficial effects of SPF on glucose tolerance over a 6- month period, and decided to concentrate on the metabolomic profile of plasma amino acids (AA). We aimed to understand the important alterations that occured after 6-months on diet in the SPF-fed animals. Then we also looked at changes in the proteins and enzymes regulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) catabolism in liver, skeletal muscle and epidydimal adipose tissue by Western blotting. The metabolomic analyses of plasma obtained after 3 months of diet in our other cohort of mice gave us the opportunity to evaluate the association between the AA signature and the physiological effects of SPF. These studies show the potential of SPF combined or not with FO as a nutraceutical for the prevention of obesity-related complications, such as glucose intolerance, low-grade inflammation and dyslipidemia.
The main objective of this thesis was to evaluate the metabolic and mechanistic effects of a low-molecular-weight salmon peptide fraction (SPF) combined or not with omega-3-rich fish oil (FO) in the context of diet-induced obesity (DIO) in a murine model of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), the LDL-/-/ApoB100/100 mouse. In the first study, we have shown that mice fed the SPF alone or in combination with FO (SPF+FO) were more glucose tolerant and had marked improvements in their plasma lipid profile, adipose tissue inflammation and hepatic insulin signaling pathway. These effects were associated with a small reduction in body weight, liver weight and energy efficiency. These in vivo effects were then validated in 3 cell lines. Secondly, we validated once again the beneficial impact of SPF on glucose tolerance after 3 months of diet. We aimed to explore its mechanisms of action by doing an extensive assessment of the acylcarnitine (AC) plasma metabolome and the hepatic gene expression of the mice. We found that adiponectin levels and many hepatic genes involved in inflammation, in glucose and lipid homeostasis and in mitochondrial and peroxisomal β-oxidation were altered with SPF and FO. The AC profile was modified upon dietary treatment with FO and SPF, with significant changes in short-, medium- and long-chain AC. Thirdly, we validated the beneficial effects of SPF on glucose tolerance over a 6- month period, and decided to concentrate on the metabolomic profile of plasma amino acids (AA). We aimed to understand the important alterations that occured after 6-months on diet in the SPF-fed animals. Then we also looked at changes in the proteins and enzymes regulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) catabolism in liver, skeletal muscle and epidydimal adipose tissue by Western blotting. The metabolomic analyses of plasma obtained after 3 months of diet in our other cohort of mice gave us the opportunity to evaluate the association between the AA signature and the physiological effects of SPF. These studies show the potential of SPF combined or not with FO as a nutraceutical for the prevention of obesity-related complications, such as glucose intolerance, low-grade inflammation and dyslipidemia.
Lieber, Romain. "Spécification d'exigences physico-physiologiques en ingénierie d'un système support de maintenance aéronautique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0197.
Full textCurrent Systems Engineering framework must evolve in order to take into account the critical interactions of human-machine systems since the specification phase. The objective is to ensure that the behavior of such systems is kept within an accepted domain of performances whatever is the context of use. Those performances depend on the synergies of the different interactions that take place between technical and human systems when operating a common object. Human Factors Integration in Systems Engineering also known as Human Systems Integration implies to start working on the overall performance of all the interfaces of a human-machine system. These different interfaces exhibit emerging complex interactions. Some of them are inquired to ease the whole system performances and facilitate system resilience capabilities within disruptive unanticipated environment. Other ones are designed to finalize the system mission according to the purpose of its context of use. The paradigm we have explored in our work is based on the hypothesis of possible inter-operations between physiological and technical processes for human-machine interaction specification by coupling a System Modeling Framework with the Mathematical Theory of Integrative Physiology one. Our work focuses on the physical and physiological requirements specification (modeled with SysML) of a visual perceptive interaction for human to perceive right the meaning of symbolic properties technical objects afford when they are being maintained in variable contextualized situations. Our specification work results lead us to propose a Model-Based Support Systems Engineering organization
Langlais, Sarah. "Fonctions physiologiques des aldoses réductases dans la glande surrénale : rôle de l'activité prostaglandine F synthase et création de modèles transgéniques." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21804.
Full textImbault, Patrick. "Evaluation pharmacologique du rôle des plaquettes dans deux modèles expérimentaux de thrombose veineuse." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2P084.
Full textGauvry, Emilie. "Modélisation de la sporulation de Bacillus subtillis BSB1 et liens physiologiques avec les cinétiques de croissance." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0140/document.
Full textSpore-forming bacteria cause health risks and alteration of food products. They can sporulate to form cells resistant to various physical or chemical aggressions. In order to limit the formation of spores in food and on production lines in the agri-food industry, a preventive approach consists in predicting this bacterial process according to the environmental conditions encountered during the manufacturing processes. For this, a kinetic model describing both growth and sporulation of the bacterium model Bacillus subtilis BSB1 was developed. This model is a useful tool for assessing the impact of environmental factors on quantitative and physiological aspects of growth and sporulation of B. subtilis. Unfavorable conditions of temperature, pH and water activity cause a slowing of B. subtilis’ growth, a more synchronous sporulation in the bacterial population leading to later spore emergence and lower spore production. All these effects have been described with a predictive model of growth and sporulation: the cardinal model. These (kinetic and cardinal) models are efficient to predict growth and sporulation of B. subtilis BSB1 in different culture conditions, different matrices and in dynamic conditions of environmental factors. This work and these mathematical models will allow a better understanding of the sporulation behavior of bacteria according to environmental factors and thus a better understanding of the sporulation in the agrofood industry
Garcia, Christine. "Régulation de l'expression de la protéine tyrosine hydroxylase dans le noyau du tractus solitaire du rat adulte : modèles pharmacologique et physiologiques." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1T275.
Full textGuérard, Pascal. "Etude de la réactivité vasculaire pulmonaire : approche des différents modèles physiologiques et physiopathologiques : implication des canaux potassiques et du monoxyde d'azote." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOMU14.
Full textPulmonary arterial hypertension is a rare disease characterized by progressive increase in pulmonary arterial resistances. In this thesis, we suggest that arachidonic acid produced a relaxation of constricted human pulmonary arteries that is modulated by potassic channels KATP, SKCa, BKCa, and Kv. We show that pravastatine, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, reduced the development of pulmonary hypertension induced by monocrotaline and improves endothelial-dependent relaxation of pulmonary artery, related to a reduction in endothelial pulmonary apoptosis and an increase in endothelial NO synthase. We also suggest that these protective effects could not be class effect. These results support the development of further human studies within the field of pulmonary hypertension and treatment
Gindre, Cyrille. "Modélisation des relations entraînements – performances – adaptations physiologiques chez des athlètes spécialistes de demi-fond court et de fond." Reims, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REIMS011.
Full textBanister's model has been used to correlate training with performance. The basic assumption is that a dose of training contributes to both fitness and fatigue. Performance is related to the difference between these two first-order transfer functions. In the present study we tested the validity of the Banister model. For this, we followed developments of performance and physical qualities (aerobic, anaerobic, strength, speed, muscle power) with training of two group of runners specialists of long (≥ 10 km) and short (800 m) distances. The consideration of joint performance, physical and biological parameters allowed us 1) to have an integrated view of organism adaptations with training 2) to assess the validity of antagonist functions of the Banister's model. We were thus able to show that physical qualities evolution of short distances specialists on a season is done according to principles that can bring changes to the organization from those of an ecosystem consisting of different "species". Although Banister's model could be used to estimate performances, we have shown that fitness and fatigue functions may not be so valid linked to the physiological parameters of actual performance and fatigue. We conclude that the Banister's model is more a model of data than a model of structure. These results are a preliminary step in developing a new kind of model – which we proposed the foundation-for – linking training, performance and physical adaptation
Cao, Hoang Lan. "Etude de la cinétique de stress thermique froid sur la survie de différents modèles cellulaires : rôle de la membrane." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOS023.
Full textThe effect of the chilling rate and its impact on cell survival for different incubation times at 0 °C were studied. Cell viability was shown to depend on the chilling rate, on cell structure and on the cell physiological state. Spectroscopy of fluorescence was used to investigate the mechanisms implied in the cell death at the membrane level. Variations in membrane fluidity and permeability were monitored during thermal stresses using different fluorescent probes. The results obtained showed a relation between cell death and membrane alterations. Utilization of nisin in combination with chilling confirmed the critical effect of the rapid chilling on membrane damage of Escherichia coli. A hypothesis was proposed to explain phenomena implied in chilling-induced cell inactivation
Bilbao, Fabienne de. "La voie septo-hippocampique chez le rat : étude neuroanatomique, altérations au cours du vieillissement et réponses aux lésions du cortex entorhinal." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P615.
Full textDomínguez-Romero, Elena. "Modélisation du devenir de l’hexabromocyclododécane (HBCD) chez la poule pondeuse : influence des caractéristiques physiologiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0167/document.
Full textHexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) has been used as an additive in polystyrene (PS). In 2013, HBCD was included in the Stockholm Convention as a Persistent Organic Pollutant. The foodstuffs of animal origin are the main source of exposure of the general population to this pollutant. The mean exposure level of the consumers to HBCD doesn’t represent a major risk to the food safety (EFSA, 2011). In spite of mean concentrations generally close to 1 ng g-1 lipids in the foodstuffs of animal origin, maximal concentrations higher than 2000 ng g-1 lipids have been reported in some egg samples. There are several potential sources of oral exposure of the hens to this pollutant. The hens could be exposed mainly to the α-HBCD isomer. Since the bibliographic synthesis highlights the absence of information about the α-HBCD kinetics in the laying hen, an in vivo experience has been realized and has allowed the estimation of the majority of the α-HBCD kinetic parameters in the laying hen. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model has been developed, calibrated by literature data, submit to a sensitivity analysis and some parameters have been adjusted on the basis of experimental data. A validation of the model has been attempted. This model has allowed to determine the influence of the main physiological characteristics of the laying hen exposed to the molecule on the α-HBCD accumulation in tissues and transfer to eggs. Among the physiological characteristics of concern, the body weight (BW) is the main feature influencing the α-HBCD kinetics. If the hen is exposed to the α-HBCD, a low BW and low laying performances predispose the hen to have higher concentrations of the molecule in all the matrices. The molting stage raises the body charge of the molecule. This model can be extrapolated to other animals and lipophilic molecules after modification of some parameters
Parrilla, Jonathan. "Rôles physiologiques des protéines ASR à l'égard de la signalisation, du transport et du métabolisme des sucres dans deux modèles cellulaires de vigne." Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT2256/document.
Full textSugars are metabolic signals involved in plant development and responses to environmental cues. Sugar transporters are both actors of sugar partitioning and targets of sugar signaling. As Grape ASR (ABA, Stress, Ripening), VvMSA, is identified as a regulatory protein controlling gene expression of the hexose transporter VvHT1, the aim of the PhD thesis is to assess its physiological functions by an integrative biology approach. The first part of the study consisted in the establishment of biological models, embryogenic and non embryogenic grape cells, sharing the same genetic background but growing on distinct carbon sources. The characterization of the proliferation kinetics and metabolomes of both cell types revealed differences in their sensitivity/tolerance to sugar starvation.The second objective was focused on VvHT1 expression regulation in both cell types and their mutants overexpressing or silenced for VvMSA. The pharmacological approach using glucose analogues, coupled to the analysis of gene expression, glucose transport and glycolytic enzymes activity, suggest that VvMSA affects VvHT1 expression through a glucose metabolism dependent pathway.The third research axis was carried out through a quantitative and comparative proteomic analysis of nuclear proteins in embryogenic wild type and VvMSA silenced cells. Proteins whose expression is affected by ASR repression suggest a new functional role of VvMSA at the interplay between metabolic responses to stress and epigenetic regulation of gene expression
Simar-Blanchet, Anne-Emmanuelle. "Régulation transcriptionnelle des gènes codant pour des inhibiteurs de protéases à sérine par l'hormone de croissance et les médiateurs de l'inflammation : Mécanismes moléculaires." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20168.
Full textArgod, Jérôme. "Marqueurs corticaux et autonomiques des troubles respiratoires au cours du sommeil : analyse mathématique, conséquences physiologiques et stratégie diagnostique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE19004.
Full textVrana, Joelle. "Evaluation de l'hyperthermie localisée autour de la trace d'un laser chirurgical CO2 à l'aide du modèle biologique de la lignée cellulaire V79." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30189.
Full textCastonguay-Lebel, Zoé. "La modulation de l'activité transcriptionnelle des enképhalines suivant l'exposition répétée à un agent stresseur." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20157.
Full textIcard-Arcizet, Delphine. "Modifications mécaniques et biologiques induites dans des cellules en culture par application locale d'une force contrôlée." Paris 7, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00188112.
Full textAdherent cells can control their mechanical properties in order to perform crucial biological functions, like division, migration or differenciation. It has now been proved that cells are very sensitive to the mechanical properties of their substrate, which they sense through integrins. Integrins are transmembrane proteins that link the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix through scaffolding proteins. We designed an optical tweezers setup controlled by a feedback loop, which allows the application of a constant local force via microbeads bound to the cell integrins. We can thus measure the creep function of a single cell and retrieve an estimate of its rigidity. Simultaneous fluorescence observations allow us to evaluate the impact efforce application on the actin repartition within the cell. We observed that cells stiffen under force application but keep the same rheological response - the creep function still exhibits a power law behavior : J(t) = Atα, in which A decreases on a long time range. Stiffening is coupled to actin recruitment both in the contacts and in the cytoskeleton networtk - up to several um from the force application point. Stiffening and recruitment dynamics seem strongly correlated. This work presents an evaluation of the dynamics of cell Stiffening under stress, which is a novel insight into the elucidation of the more general phenomenon of mechanotransduction
Pères, Sylvia. "Evolution de l'activité de la NO synthase cérébrale dans le territoire cortical soumis à une ischémie focale permanente chez le rat spontanément hypertendu." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P159.
Full textLafon, Lucile. "Modélisation de l'interaction des ondes électromagnétiques avec le corps humain : Application à la dosimétrie liée à l'utilisation d'un téléphone portable." Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO0016.
Full textPeanlikhit, Tanat. "La stimulation transcrânienne par courant continu (tDCS) dans la dépression : ses effets comportementaux et les modifications physiologiques qui les sous-tendent chez l’animal." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCE020/document.
Full textTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive method with increasing interest for the treatment of several brain disorders, such as major depression. Despite great enthusiasm and promising results, some studies report discrepant findings and no consensus exists for the clinical use of tDCS. The present work aims (i) to determine the most effective stimulation parameters to optimize antidepressant-like effect of tDCS in the forced-swim test in naïve mice and to evaluate the ability of tDCS to reverse depressive-like behaviors in different mouse models of depression, and (ii) to identify some of the mechanisms of action of tDCS to enhance our knowledge on this therapeutic strategy, and thus its clinical effects. We reported that tDCS induced long-lasting antidepressant-like effect, which varied as a function of stimulation settings including number, duration, intensity and polarity of stimulation. Interestingly, the present study also demonstrated that tDCS reduced depressive-like behaviors in different mouse models of depression (UCMS, chronic corticosterone exposure and acute LPS administration). Using cFos immunohistochemistry, we reported that behavioral outcomes induced by a single stimulation were associated with neuronal activation in several brain area involved in emotional regulation. Surprisingly, ten stimulations failed to modulate neuronal activation suggesting the development of other mechanisms behind the long-term effect of repeated tDCS, probably associated with plastic changes in the neuronal response. Interestingly, tDCS have the ability to reverse the UCMS-induced inflammatory response, particularly the number of cells and the polynuclear cell percentage in the spleen. This work brings new insights for a better understanding of the behavioral effects of tDCS and its underlying physiological processes
Grelle, Claire. "Impact des métaux lourds sur les peuplements de macroinvertébrés de la faune du sol : influence du cadmium et du plomb sur différents aspects de la physiologie de deux modèles biologiques : Lithobius forficatus (myriapode chilopode) et Eisenia fetida (annelide oligochete)." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-293.pdf.
Full textBouchard, Thomassin Andrée-Anne. "Impacts de diètes riche en gras et riche en fructose sur le remodelage ventriculaire gauche chez des rats ayant une insuffisance sévère de la valve aortique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27372/27372.pdf.
Full textLe, Fur Jean. "Modélisation numérique des transferts de radioéléments artificiels en mer de Manche : processus hydrodynamiques, biologiques et sédimentaires." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10129.
Full textCarre, Catherine. "Transfert de radionucléides dans les organismes vivants : analyse de données et modélisation : application au domaine de la Manche." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10238.
Full textMagnan, Pascal. "Etude de la propagation et de la dissipation du signal acoustique au niveau de l'oreille interne du cobaye." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20051.
Full textOlivier, Christophe. "Synthèse et étude pharmacologique d'inhibiteurs des kallicréines plasmatique et tissulaire." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20052.
Full textBeaudoin-Gagnon, Nicolas. "Entraînement d'un modèle supervisé pour la détection du plaisir en contexte de jeu vidéo à partir de signaux physiologiques et d'indices comportementaux." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66324.
Full textModeling the gaming experience is of considerable interest for designing adaptive video games. Adaptive video games use the emotional information contained in physiological signals and behavioral cues to personalize the video game experience,in order to generate an optimal gaming experience. With the purpose of modeling the gaming experience, this research project has focused on the detection of a player’s fun using physiological signals (electrocardiogram, electrodermal activity, respiratory activity and electromyogram) and behavioral cues (facial expressions,head movements and facial expressions and inputs from an Xbox controller). In this work, supervised machine learning models (SVM, Random Forest and kNN) were trained on a dataset built from the FUNii database, which contains the physiobehavioral data of 219 players spread over 362 game sessions of the Assassin’s Creed franchise. A method for creating fun classes from the fun factor, a tool for continuous annotation of fun, has also been proposed. The best model trained allowed to distinguish three classes of pleasure with an accuracy of 53, 5% on a test dataset, an improvement of 12, 5% compared to the best result obtained in previous works.
Arbin, Valérie. "Effets de l' inhibition mixte de l' enzyme de conversion de l' angiotensine I et de l' endopeptidase neutre 24-11 sur la résistance à l' insuline et le dysfonctionnement endothélial dans le diabète expérimental : rôle de la voie bradykinine - monoxyde d' azote." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05P604.
Full textAngiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors may improve endothelial dysfunction in insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus [. . . ]
Boivin, Sophie. "Modèle animal de sarcoïdose pulmonaire chez le rat par l'adjuvant de Freund complet : analyses de paramètres de l'inflammation et de l'efficacité d'un agoniste nicotinique comme thérapeutique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24264/24264.pdf.
Full textRoyo, Nicolas. "Etude du rôle de la NO-synthase de type 2 dans les conséquences physiopathologiques d'un traumatisme cérebral chez le rat." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05P609.
Full textLanquetin, Anastasia. "Étude translationnelle des interactions cerveau-foie dans les troubles de l'usage de l'alcool Role of inflammation in alcohol-related brain abnormalities: a translational study." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC407.
Full textIn AUD patients, hepatic and cerebral lesions are frequent and varied in their nature and severity. This heterogeneity is notably due to the parameters of alcohol consumption, genetic background and comorbidities. Inflammation could play a central role in the development of these disorders, especially in the communication between the liver and the brain. The objective of this thesis was to study the development of liver and brain damage as well as the role of inflammation in AUD patients and in two animal models of chronic exposure to alcohol. We have shown that in AUD patients, systemic inflammation is correlated with hepatic fibrosis and brain volume. In a rat model with a genetic preference for alcohol, a local inflammatory response is observed in the brain and liver and accompanies brain damage (volume and fiber integrity, similar to that of AUD patients), after 12 months exposure to alcohol. The longitudinal study in a mouse model without genetic predisposition to alcohol, showed that chronic alcohol consumption (at the same doses as for the alcohol-preferring strain) causes cognitive and motor damage in the absence of detectable brain abnormalities on MRI, but was accompanied by liver inflammation and microglial activation in the brain. Repeated periods of cessation lead to more severe peripheral inflammation, which worsens with age. The inhibition of the brain inflammatory response through the injection of minocycline promoted the spontaneous decrease in alcohol consumption, but had no beneficial effect on cognitive deficits. Inflammation seems to be a primary factor in the communication between the liver and the brain, and it is necessary to target the right actors of the inflammatory processes in the potential treatments to reduce not only the consumption of alcohol but also the behavioral and cerebral deficits in AUD patients
Laurant, Pascal. "Etude des effets de la surcharge chronique en magnésium sur le fonctionnement de l'appareil cardiovasculaire au cours de l'hypertension minéralocorticoi͏̈de DOCA + NaCl chez le rat mâle." Besançon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BESA3702.
Full textZgheib, Sara. "Altérations physiologiques et récupération à long terme dans un modéle murin de séparation associée à une restriction du temps d'accés à l'alimentation : un outil pour l'étude des conséquences de l'anorexie mentale." Thesis, Littoral, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DUNK0428/document.
Full textAnorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder mainly developed in adolescent girls and young women. It is characterized by an obsessive search for thinness, a profound undernutrition and a distorted self-image.It is associated with multiple endocrine and metabolic disturbances, decreased bone mass and microarchitectural alteration. Some of the developed adaptations are supposed to be involved in the blockade of the pathologic state. Unfortunately, these adaptations are poorly known and most of them cannot be studied on patients. So it is necessary to develop an animal model which mimics the main consequences observed in human pathology and allows studying the recovery process. For this purpose we adapted a murine model of time restricted feeding associated with chronic stress induced by separation-based anorexia (SBA). C57B1/6 female mice are submitted to a long term SBA protocol (10 weeks) and then a long term phase of recovery (10 weeks). At the beginning of the protocol mice are 8 weeks old, so their fast growth is finishing. SBA protocol induced a rapid and significant loss of body weight. Body composition analysis by DEXA showed a 40% decrease of the fat mass, a progressive loss of lean mass and a blockade of bone mass acquisition. Mice deveoped a high glucose tolerance. The observation of vaginal smears revealed a disruption of the estrous cycle and ovarian histology showed an atrophy of the ovaries. These two alterations suggest a major alteration of reproductive functions. These animals showed a very low leptinemia, and the GH/IGF-1 axis was disrupted. The study of bone alteration by microtomography indicated an alteration of bone microarchitecture and of cortical bone mass, mimicking osteoporosis often described in AN patients. Body weight, lean and fat masses were normalized quickly during the REC protocol. Bone mineral content still low after 2 weeks of REC protocol was fully corrected after 10 weeks. The estrous cycle ovarian size and the GH/IGF-I were normalized. Surprisingly, hypoleptinemia persisted even after 10 weeks of REC and despite the normalization of the fat mass. This result has been confirmed by the low level of leptin gene expression in various adipose tissues. Finally, the SBA protocol is valuable model of AN because numerous physiological alterations described in AN are mimicked in this model. The recovery phase revealed the high capacity of mice to normalize the long term alterations. Persitent hypoleptinemia could contribute to the normalization of body composition. However, the balance between central and peripheral effects of the uncorrected hypoleptinemia remains to be determined. This persisting hypoleptinemia could be used for the revision of the therapeutic strategies aiming to correct AN-induced osteoporosis
Gleizes, Aude. "Étude des cytokines épidermiques, IL1 et TNF, chez les souris Hairless axéniques, holoxéniques et gnotoxéniques." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA114835.
Full textLaval, Laurence. "Conception et caractérisation dosimétrique de dispositifs microondes pour des applications bioélectromagnétiques, liées à l'utilisation des téléphones portables." Limoges, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIMO0009.
Full textBlondel, Nicolas. "Modélisation de la relation temps limite de course versus intensité relative de l'exercice : applications à l'entraînement." Lille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIL2MT15.
Full textTime versus velocity relationship for running exercises : applications to training. Calculation of the relationships between time limit (tlim) and velocity (tlim=f(V)) allows the determination of the critical velocity (Cv) and anaerobic distance capacity (ADC). The aims of this thesis were 1) to explain the variability of time limit when exercise intensity is expressed as a percentage of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), 2) to analyse the influence of the equation used to fit the tlim=f(V) relationship on the Cv and ADC parameters, 3) to determine the effects of a high intensity training program on the Cv and ADC parameters, with regard to changes in ventilatory threshold (Vtresh) and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit. The first study demonstrated that exercise intensity individualized according to Cv and maximal velocity allowed to reduce the interindividual tlim variability. The second study confirms the influence of the mathematical model on the Cv and ADC parameters determination. The Cv calculated with the 3 component hyperbolic model was not significantly different from Vtresh. In the last study, the training program allowed a significant improvement of Cv and ADC. However, the magnitude of the improvement depends on the mathematical model used. Significant relationships were found between changes in Cv (linear model) and changes in VO2max. In an in-the-field perspective, the linear model seems to be the most interesting for coaches or physical education teachers
Léone, Monique. "Mise au point d'un nouveau modèle d'ischémie cérébrale focale transitoire chez la souris : étude du rôle du monoxyde d'azote dans l'ischémie-reperfusion." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P170.
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