Academic literature on the topic 'Modèles des blocs latents'
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Journal articles on the topic "Modèles des blocs latents"
Nicet-Chenaf, Dalila, and Arnaud Wachs. "Les relations commerciales bilatérales des pays du bassin méditerranéen à l’heure de l’élargissement de l’UE : une approche de type gravitaire." Économie appliquée 58, no. 1 (2005): 85–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecoap.2005.3747.
Full textPalmero, Sandra. "Intégration et régionalisation : une approche par les modèles de blocs." Économie appliquée 57, no. 1 (2004): 5–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecoap.2004.3504.
Full textLaffargue, J. P., and P. Malgrange. "Rationalité des comportements et des anticipations dans les blocs réels des modèles macroéconomiques." Recherches économiques de Louvain 53, no. 3 (September 1987): 203–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0770451800043761.
Full textMartin, Rémy, Yannick Robert, Pierre Dupire, Olivier Fayard, and Simon Carladous. "Histoire de l’usage des modèles de propagation de blocs dans un organisme gérant des problématiques de risques naturels en montagne." Revue Française de Géotechnique, no. 170 (2022): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/geotech/2021031.
Full textBagheri, Seyyed Mohammad. "Ordre fondamental d'une théorie 1-basée." Journal of Symbolic Logic 64, no. 4 (December 1999): 1426–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2586788.
Full textNeklioudov, Sergei Iou. "Scénarios schématiques de la vie et de la narration." IRIS, no. 31 (July 15, 2010): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35562/iris.2034.
Full textFedorova, Liudmila L'vovna. "Языковой стиль времени (на материале современной прессы и авторских текстов В. Шендеровича и Земфиры)." Chroniques slaves 2, no. 1 (2006): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/chros.2006.868.
Full textRoss, Pierre-Simon, and Patrick Mercier-Langevin. "Igneous Rock Associations 14. The Volcanic Setting of VMS and SMS Deposits: A Review." Geoscience Canada 41, no. 3 (August 29, 2014): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2014.41.045.
Full textKerr, Andrew. "Classic Rock Tours 2. Exploring a Famous Ophiolite: A Guide to the Bay of Islands Igneous Complex in Gros Morne National Park, Western Newfoundland, Canada." Geoscience Canada, October 31, 2019, 101–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2019.46.149.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Modèles des blocs latents"
Brault, Vincent. "Estimation et sélection de modèle pour le modèle des blocs latents." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112238/document.
Full textClassification aims at sharing data sets in homogeneous subsets; the observations in a class are more similar than the observations of other classes. The problem is compounded when the statistician wants to obtain a cross classification on the individuals and the variables. The latent block model uses a law for each crossing object class and class variables, and observations are assumed to be independent conditionally on the choice of these classes. However, factorizing the joint distribution of the labels is impossible, obstructing the calculation of the log-likelihood and the using of the EM algorithm. Several methods and criteria exist to find these partitions, some frequentist ones, some bayesian ones, some stochastic ones... In this thesis, we first proposed sufficient conditions to obtain the identifiability of the model. In a second step, we studied two proposed algorithms to counteract the problem of the EM algorithm: the VEM algorithm (Govaert and Nadif (2008)) and the SEM-Gibbs algorithm (Keribin, Celeux and Govaert (2010)). In particular, we analyzed the combination of both and highlighted why the algorithms degenerate (term used to say that it returns empty classes). By choosing priors wise, we then proposed a Bayesian adaptation to limit this phenomenon. In particular, we used a Gibbs sampler and we proposed a stopping criterion based on the statistics of Brooks-Gelman (1998). We also proposed an adaptation of the Largest Gaps algorithm (Channarond et al. (2012)). By taking their demonstrations, we have shown that the labels and parameters estimators obtained are consistent when the number of rows and columns tend to infinity. Furthermore, we proposed a method to select the number of classes in row and column, the estimation provided is also consistent when the number of row and column is very large. To estimate the number of classes, we studied the ICL criterion (Integrated Completed Likelihood) whose we proposed an exact shape. After studying the asymptotic approximation, we proposed a BIC criterion (Bayesian Information Criterion) and we conjecture that the two criteria select the same results and these estimates are consistent; conjecture supported by theoretical and empirical results. Finally, we compared the different combinations and proposed a methodology for co-clustering
Tami, Myriam. "Approche EM pour modèles multi-blocs à facteurs à une équation structurelle." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT303/document.
Full textStructural equation models enable the modeling of interactions between observed variables and latent ones. The two leading estimation methods are partial least squares on components and covariance-structure analysis. In this work, we first describe the PLS and LISREL methods and, then, we propose an estimation method using the EM algorithm in order to maximize the likelihood of a structural equation model with latent factors. Through a simulation study, we investigate how fast and accurate the method is, and thanks to an application to real environmental data, we show how one can handly construct a model or evaluate its quality. Finally, in the context of oncology, we apply the EM approach on health-related quality-of-life data. We show that it simplifies the longitudinal analysis of quality-of-life and helps evaluating the clinical benefit of a treatment
Robert, Valérie. "Classification croisée pour l'analyse de bases de données de grandes dimensions de pharmacovigilance." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS111/document.
Full textThis thesis gathers methodological contributions to the statistical analysis of large datasets in pharmacovigilance. The pharmacovigilance datasets produce sparse and large matrices and these two characteritics are the main statistical challenges for modelling them. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to the coclustering of the pharmacovigilance contingency table thanks to the normalized Poisson latent block model. The objective is on the one hand, to provide pharmacologists with some interesting and reduced areas to explore more precisely. On the other hand, this coclustering remains a useful background information for dealing with individual database. Within this framework, a parameter estimation procedure for this model is detailed and objective model selection criteria are developed to choose the best fit model. Datasets are so large that we propose a procedure to explore the model space in coclustering, in a non exhaustive way but a relevant one. Additionnally, to assess the performances of the methods, a convenient coclustering index is developed to compare partitions with high numbers of clusters. The developments of these statistical tools are not specific to pharmacovigilance and can be used for any coclustering issue. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the statistical analysis of the large individual data, which are more numerous but also provides even more valuable information. The aim is to produce individual clusters according their drug profiles and subgroups of drugs and adverse effects with possible links, which overcomes the coprescription and masking phenomenons, common contingency table issues in pharmacovigilance. Moreover, the interaction between several adverse effects is taken into account. For this purpose, we propose a new model, the multiple latent block model which enables to cocluster two binary tables by imposing the same row ranking. Assertions inherent to the model are discussed and sufficient identifiability conditions for the model are presented. Then a parameter estimation algorithm is studied and objective model selection criteria are developed. Moreover, a numeric simulation model of the individual data is proposed to compare existing methods and study its limits. Finally, the proposed methodology to deal with individual pharmacovigilance data is presented and applied to a sample of the French pharmacovigilance database between 2002 and 2010
Febrissy, Mickaël. "Nonnegative Matrix Factorization and Probabilistic Models : A unified framework for text data." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021CNAM1291.
Full textSince the exponential growth of available Data (Big data), dimensional reduction techniques became essential for the exploration and analysis of high-dimensional data arising from many scientific areas. By creating a low-dimensional space intrinsic to the original data space, theses techniques offer better understandings across many data Science applications. In the context of text analysis where the data gathered are mainly nonnegative, recognized techniques producing transformations in the space of real numbers (e.g. Principal component analysis, Latent semantic analysis) became less intuitive as they could not provide a straightforward interpretation. Such applications show the need of dimensional reduction techniques like Nonnegative Matrix factorization (NMF) useful to embed, for instance, documents or words in the space of reduced dimension. By definition, NMF aims at approximating a nonnegative matrix by the product of two lower dimensionalnonnegative matrices, which results in the solving of a nonlinear optimization problem. Note however that this objective can be harnessed to document/word clustering domain even it is not the objective of NMF. In relying on NMF, this thesis focuses on improving clustering of large text data arising in the form of highly sparse document-term matrices. This objective is first achieved, by proposing several types of regularizations of the original NMF objective function. Setting this objective in a probabilistic context, a new NMF model is introduced bringing theoretical foundations for establishing the connection between NMF and Finite Mixture Models of exponential families leading, therefore, to offer interesting regularizations. This allows to set NMF in a real clustering spirit. Finally, a Bayesian Poisson Latent Block model is proposed to improve document andword clustering simultaneously by capturing noisy term features. This can be connected to NMTF (Nonnegative Matrix factorization Tri-factorization) devoted to co-clustering. Experiments on real datasets have been carried out to support the proposals of the thesis
Lomet, Aurore. "Sélection de modèle pour la classification croisée de données continues." Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2041.
Full textSchmutz, Amandine. "Contributions à l'analyse de données fonctionnelles multivariées, application à l'étude de la locomotion du cheval de sport." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1241.
Full textWith the growth of smart devices market to provide athletes and trainers a systematic, objective and reliable follow-up, more and more parameters are monitored for a same individual. An alternative to laboratory evaluation methods is the use of inertial sensors which allow following the performance without hindering it, without space limits and without tedious initialization procedures. Data collected by those sensors can be classified as multivariate functional data: some quantitative entities evolving along time and collected simultaneously for a same individual. The aim of this thesis is to find parameters for analysing the athlete horse locomotion thanks to a sensor put in the saddle. This connected device (inertial sensor, IMU) for equestrian sports allows the collection of acceleration and angular velocity along time in the three space directions and with a sampling frequency of 100 Hz. The database used for model development is made of 3221 canter strides from 58 ridden jumping horses of different age and level of competition. Two different protocols are used to collect data: one for straight path and one for curved path. We restricted our work to the prediction of three parameters: the speed per stride, the stride length and the jump quality. To meet the first to objectives, we developed a multivariate functional clustering method that allow the division of the database into smaller more homogeneous sub-groups from the collected signals point of view. This method allows the characterization of each group by it average profile, which ease the data understanding and interpretation. But surprisingly, this clustering model did not improve the results of speed prediction, Support Vector Machine (SVM) is the model with the lowest percentage of error above 0.6 m/s. The same applied for the stride length where an accuracy of 20 cm is reached thanks to SVM model. Those results can be explained by the fact that our database is build from 58 horses only, which is a quite low number of individuals for a clustering method. Then we extend this method to the co-clustering of multivariate functional data in order to ease the datamining of horses’ follow-up databases. This method might allow the detection and prevention of locomotor disturbances, main source of interruption of jumping horses. Lastly, we looked for correlation between jumping quality and signals collected by the IMU. First results show that signals collected by the saddle alone are not sufficient to differentiate finely the jumping quality. Additional information will be needed, for example using complementary sensors or by expanding the database to have a more diverse range of horses and jump profiles
Mero, Gulten. "Modèles à facteurs latents et rentabilités des actifs financiers." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1G011.
Full textThis thesis aims at using latent factor models and recent econometric developments in order to obtain a better understanding of underlying asset risk. Firstly, we describe the various latent factor models currently applied to finance as well as the main estimation methodologies. We also present how financial and econometrical theories allow us to link statistical factors to economic and financial variables, hence facilitating their interpretation. Secondly, we use a cross-sectional approach in order to explain and interpret the risk profile of hedge fund and stock returns. Our methodology is consistent with statistical properties inherent to large samples as well as the dynamic properties of systematic risk. Thirdly, we model a market where prices and volumes are influenced by intra-day liquidity shocks. We propose a mixture of distribution model with two latent factors allowing us to capture the respective impacts of both information shocks and liquidity frictions. This model enables us to build a static stock-specific liquidity measure using daily data. Moreover, we extend our structural model in order to take into account dynamic properties of liquidity risk. In particular, we distinguish two liquidity issues : intra-day liquidity frictions and illiquidity events deteriorating market quality in a persistent manner. Finally, we use signal extraction modeling in order to build dynamic liquidity measures
Frichot, Eric. "Modèles à facteurs latents pour les études d'association écologique en génétique des populations." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENS018/document.
Full textWe introduce a set of latent factor models dedicated to landscape genomics and ecological association tests. It includes statistical methods for correcting principal component maps for effects of spatial autocorrelation (spFA); methods for estimating ancestry coefficients from large genotypic matrices and evaluating the number of ancestral populations (sNMF); and methods for identifying genetic polymorphisms that exhibit high correlation with some environmental gradient or with the variables used as proxies for ecological pressures (LFMM). We also developed a set of open source softwares associated with the methods, based on optimized C programs that can scale with the dimension of very large data sets, to run analyses of population structure and genome scans for local adaptation
Galéra, Cyril. "Construction de blocs géographiques cohérents dans GOCAD." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPLA05N.
Full textThe definition of a 3D geological model is a complicated task, done ftom poor data and let a large space to the geologist interpretation. Thanks to restorations methods which consist in unfolding the model in order to see if it seems credible before deformation. Nevertheless, the efficiency of this method in 3D is subject to caution. Also, another approach presented in this thesis and implemented in the GOCAD geomodeller consist in building directly new horizons based on the most reliable data and the supposed deformation, the simple shear or flexural slip. Thanks to these tools, the geologist will thus be able to comp!ete and check the model coherency. The developability or unfoldability of the horizons have also been study in these in order to implement new unfoldable methods and artefacts corrections
Delhomme, Fabien. "Etude du comportement sous impact d'une structure pare-blocs en béton armé." Chambéry, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CHAMS004.
Full textThis thesis studies the behaviour of a new concept for a protection gallery under rock fall, called Structurally Dissipating Rock-shed (SDR). The main innovation, compared to conventional solutions, is to dissipate the impact energy directly into the reinforced concrete slab or into fuse supports, and no longer in a cushion layer. The dynamic phenomena, taking place during the impact of a block onto the slab, are analyzed by means of experiments on a 1/3 scale SDR structure. The percussion loads applied to the slab, during the contact phase with the block, are assessed as weIl as the various energy transfers and dissipations. The results allowed to validate the operating and repair principles of the SDR and revealed that the slab is damaged by three main mechanisms: the punching, the bending and the breaking clown at surface level of the impacted zone. The principal experimental values are found by numerical simulations of the tests with a finite elements tool. A simplified mechanical model "masses-springs-damping" is also developed with the aim of implementing design methods for engineering offices. The prospects for this work are to succeed in establishing design and construction recommendations for structurally dissipating rock-sheds
Books on the topic "Modèles des blocs latents"
Robert, Scollay, Bora Bijit, and United Nations Conference on Trade and Development., eds. Assessing regional trading arrangements in the Asia-Pacific. New York: United Nations, 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Modèles des blocs latents"
AUBERT, Julie, Pierre BARBILLON, Sophie DONNET, and Vincent MIELE. "Modèles à blocs latents pour la détection de structures dans les réseaux écologiques." In Approches statistiques pour les variables cachées en écologie, 131–50. ISTE Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9047.ch6.
Full textBYSTROVA, Daria, Giovanni POGGIATO, Julyan ARBEL, and Wilfried THUILLER. "Réduction de la dimension dans les modèles de distributions jointes d’espèces." In Approches statistiques pour les variables cachées en écologie, 151–74. ISTE Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9047.ch7.
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