Academic literature on the topic 'Modèles de réanalyse'
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Journal articles on the topic "Modèles de réanalyse"
Tilmant, François, Pierre Nicolle, François Bourgin, François Besson, Olivier Delaigue, Pierre Etchevers, Didier François, et al. "PREMHYCE : un outil opérationnel pour la prévision des étiages." La Houille Blanche, no. 5 (October 2020): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/lhb/2020043.
Full textLAKS, BERNARD. "Pour une phonologie de corpus." Journal of French Language Studies 18, no. 1 (March 2008): 3–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269507003146.
Full textHabets, Florence, Pierre Etchevers, and Patrick Le Moigne. "La représentation des surfaces continentales pour la prévision hydrologique." La Météorologie, no. 108 (2020): 088. http://dx.doi.org/10.37053/lameteorologie-2020-0021.
Full textKastendeuch, Pierre P., and Georges Najjar. "Une simulation des interactions ville-atmosphère à différentes échelles : application sur Strasbourg." Climatologie 12 (2015): 44–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/climatologie.1118.
Full textMagand, Claire, Agnès Ducharne, François Tilmant, Nicolas Le Moine, Eric Sauquet, Thibault Mathevet, Jean-Philippe Vidal, and Charles Perrin. "Hybridation de réanalyses météorologiques de surface pour les zones de montagne : exemple du produit DuO sur le bassin de la Durance." La Houille Blanche, no. 3 (June 2018): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/lhb/2018035.
Full textWils, Thierry, and Christiane Labelle. "Faut-il se soucier de ses professionnels pour les mobiliser ?" Articles 59, no. 4 (September 19, 2005): 705–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/011335ar.
Full textvan der Wurff, Wim. "Syntactic Variability, Borrowing, and Innovation." Diachronica 9, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 61–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.9.1.05wur.
Full textFolton, Nathalie, and Patrick Arnaud. "Indicateurs sur la ressource en eau estimés par une modélisation pluie-débit régionalisée : la base de données Web LoiEau." La Houille Blanche, no. 3 (June 2020): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/lhb/2020034.
Full textBesson, François, Pierre Etchevers, Florence Habets, Patrick Le Moigne, Fabienne Rousset-Regimbeau, Jean-Michel Soubeyroux, Christian Viel, and Béatrice Vincendon. "Suivi en temps réel des sécheresses : de l'analyse à la prévision saisonnière." La Houille Blanche, no. 4 (August 2020): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/lhb/2020042.
Full textFETTWEIS, Xavier, Bruno AMBROISE, Pierre-Marie DAVID, Nicolas GHILAIN, Patrice PAUL, and Cyril WUEST. "Current evolution (1960-2021) of the snow cover in the French Vosges massif with the help of the regional climate MAR model." Bulletin de la Société Géographique de Liège, 2023, 19–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25518/0770-7576.7049.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Modèles de réanalyse"
Berthod, Christophe. "Identification paramétrique de grandes structures : réanalyse et méthode évolutionnaire." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011640.
Full textPremière partie : Étude de méthodes de réanalyse approchée de structures mécaniques modifiées
Lorsque les paramètres de conception du modèle varient, il est nécessaire d'effectuer une réanalyse afin d'obtenir les solutions propres (modes et fréquences) du système modifié. Une stratégie de réanalyse approchée de type Rayleigh-Ritz est présentée : elle est plus rapide et moins coûteuse qu'une réanalyse exacte, tout en offrant une précision satisfaisante grâce à l'apport des vecteurs de résidus statiques.
Deuxième partie : Application d'une méthode évolutionnaire d'optimisation au recalage de modèles
Dans cette partie, on propose d'adapter une méthode évolutionnaire au problème de l'identification paramétrique. Inspiré par les principes d'évolution des algorithmes génétiques, son fonctionnement repose sur l'information fournie par une fonction coût représentant la distance entre un modèle recalé et la structure réelle. Des opérateurs heuristiques sont introduits afin de favoriser la recherche des solutions qui minimisent la fonction.
Troisième partie : Logiciel Proto–Dynamique
Cette partie vise à présenter l'environnement de travail qui a servi à programmer les techniques formulées dans le mémoire et à réaliser les tests numériques. Proto, écrit en langage Matlab, est une plate-forme de développement regroupant des outils d'analyse et des méthodes de recalage.
Gallo, Yves. "Contribution aux méthodes de modifications structurales en dynamique : réanalyse modale de modèles enrichis, procédure modale combinée." Valenciennes, 1992. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/90d61773-5e5d-4e1d-b6a6-dc9a65a6d41f.
Full textFatmi, Louendi. "Modélisation de l'endommagement des matériaux hétérogènes par réanalyse après modification locale de la matrice de rigidité." Le Mans, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LEMA1006.
Full textDo, Hai Quan. "Modèles réduits et propagation d'incertitude pour les problèmes de contact frottant et d'instabilité vibratoire." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VALE0036/document.
Full textTo improve the quality of products and tend to reliable and robust designs, numerical simulations have nowadays taken a key role in many engineering domains. In spite of more complex and realistic numerical models, the correlation between a deterministic simulation and experimentations are not obvious, especially if the observed phenomenon have a fugitive nature. To take into account possible evolutions of behaviour, multiple samplings techniques such as designs of experiments, sensitivity analyses or non-deterministic approaches are currently performed. Nevertheless, these advanced simulations necessarily generate prohibitive computational times, which are not compatible with more and more shorter design steps.The aim of this work is to explore new numerical ways to solve mechanical problems including both the contact nonlinearity, the friction and several variability on model parameters. To achieve this objective, the integration of Fuzzy Logic Controllers has been first studied in the case of static frictional contact problems. The proposed idea is to decompose the non linear problem in a set of reduced linear problems. These last ones can be reanalyzed thanks to homotopy developments and projection techniques as a function of introduced perturbations. Second, the proposed strategy has been extended to the case of friction induced vibrations problems such as squeal
Derouiche, Sabrine. "Impact du changement climatique dans les modèles numériques à l'échelle régionale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASJ025.
Full textThe Mediterranean region is considered one of the most vulnerable areas to climate change because of its socio-cultural wealth and its biodiversity. Several studies about the evolution of different parameters found a significant climate variability at the end of the 20th century. Moreover,according to climate projection models, an intensification of this climate change is expected, over the region, to the end of the 21th century.Consequently, their impacts become more dangerous and expensive. Rain is considered to be the most sensitive signature of climate for humans. Thus, its analysis and the characterization of rainfall regimes over the region allow to apprehend its future evolution. This study is mainly based on daily rainfall observations collected from 70 rain gauge stations over 50-year period (1960-2009) on a regional scale covering all of northern Tunisia. On the other hand, daily precipitations produced by ERA-Interim reanalysis model, equally at regional scale, are also considered in this study. These estimated data have the advantage of being complete over the time and the space. They can have an important role in understanding the climate variability, hence it is essential to assess their quality in relation to observations. The rainfall data processing is novel. Indeed, the analysis of spatial and temporal variability analysis was carried out on the rain event scale. Although rainfall in Tunisia has been analysed by several hydrologists and geographers at different scales ranging from a few minutes to years, the division into rainy episodes and dry episodes proposed in this analysis is original. This approach aims to take into account the intermittent nature of the rain which is one of the fundamental properties of the precipitations. The aggregation of rainy days led to consider six descriptors of rainy events for each measurement point over a period of 50 years. The multidimensional space, thus, created was analysed in the first part by a classic factorial method PCA (Principal Component Analysis), then by the non-linear classification method SOM (Self-Organizing Map) combined with Hierarchical agglomerative clustering (HAC). The two approaches allowed to understand the rainfall data structures and to define a typology. The principal component analysis summarized the six rainfall descriptors adopted into three main components: the first one is an indicator of the rainfall quantity, the second one represents the intermittent character of rain over the season and the third one is a structure indicator. The spatial interpretation divided the study area into three regions of NE-SW orientation, with an opposition between the North-West facade and its hinterland and the South-East facade and its hinterland with an intermediate zone located between these two regions. Moreover, the thesis investigated the correlations between the principal components of PCAs and climate patterns indices. Significant correlations were found for the North Atlantic Oscillation and Arctic Oscillation indices. In addition, relationships between sea surface pressure anomalies and principal components were shown by a composite analysis. The combined methods (SOM and HAC) were applied to rainfall descriptors produced by the rain gauge stations network and highlighted 4 classes with different typologies of wet spells structure. Their spatial and temporal variability was, then, analysed. These classes were used as a reference for the analysis of the reanalysis data.The univariate and multivariate analysis of the model data and the comparison with the observations showed that the number of rainy days and the duration of the events are significantly overestimated in the reanalyses. Moreover, the statistical distributions didn't have the same asymmetry. On the other hand, the model showed a good coherence of the temporal structures of the rainfall classes with the observations on a regional scale
Lémond, Julien. "Climatologie et variabilité de l'air sec de la troposphère libre intertropicale : analyse du climat actuel et de son évolution." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066488.
Full textPeiro, Hélène. "Assimilation des observations satellitaires de l'interféromètre atmosphérique de sondage infrarouge (IASI) dans un modèle de chimie-transport pour des réanalyses d'ozone à l'échelle globale." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30019/document.
Full textHuman activity produces gases impacting the climate and the air quality with important economic and social consequences. Tropospheric ozone (O3) is created by chemical reactions from primary pollutants as nitrogen oxides. O3 is the third most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide and methane. It is one of the most important pollutants due to its oxidant effects on biological tissue. Several sensors on board satellites measure ozone concentration in the Ultraviolet, visible, or in the Earth infrared radiance. The French national center for space studies CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales) has developed the infrared sounding IASI on board polar meteorological satellites METOP. IASI, in orbit for several years, has allowed to estimate concentration of atmospheric gases, particularly O3, with a spatio-temporal coverage never reached so far. Every day, IASI measures infrared spectrum of the atmosphere between 650 to 2700 nm with an horizontal resolution of 12 km, giving tens of Gigaoctet per day of geolocated data. These observations form a part of an ideal set of data for the Chemistry Transport Model (CTM). CTM are used to analyze and predict air quality and can take into account satellite data according to a mathematical procedure called 'data assimilation'. This technic allows to fill gaps in the satellite information (for instance due to clouds or during night for the UV-visible sensor) and to obtain 3D global fields of chemical species concentration on an hourly basis. Therefore, it is important to develop accurate and efficient algorithms to assimilate IASI data in the CTM's. To this end, the UMR/CECI (CERFACS) develops in collaboration with the CNRM/Météo-France an assimilation tool (named VALENTINA) to the CTM MOCAGE that has applications on global and regional scales for climate or air quality study. The CTM MOCAGE is part of the European Copernicus project on the atmospheric composition (CAMS). In addition, the UMR/CECI collaborates with the Laboratoire d'Aérologie that has developed for several years the SOFRID algorithm for the vertical profiles retrieval of IASI ozone data based on the radiative transfer code RTTOV. The study of this PhD includes the tridimensional production of tropospheric ozone analysis with data assimilation (MLS, IASI) in the CTM MOCAGE, and on the ozone variability. Hence, we demonstrate the analysis ability to reproduce tropospheric ozone in response to ENSO, by bringing new informations on the vertical structure of associated anomalies. The PhD also focuses on the study of biases between analyses and independent ozone soundings. One of the main reasons could be due to the use of the climatological a-priori and matrix error covariance associated, strongly biased (particularly around the tropopause) in the retrieval method of IASI ozone data. Therefore, the second part of the PhD has consisted implementation of a method that generates accurate a-priori to improve retrieved ozone profiles. As a conclusion, this PhD brings a significant progress towards the improvement of tropospheric ozone products from IASI instrument, that should contribute to the long-term monitoring of tropospheric ozone thanks to the operational nature of METOP satellites
Santolaria, Otín María. "Le rôle de la couverture de neige de l'Arctique dans le cycle hydrologique de hautes latitudes révélé par les simulations des modèles climatiques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAU027/document.
Full textSnow is a critical component of the Arctic climate system. Over Northern Eurasia and North America the duration of snow cover is 7 to 10 months per year and a maximum snow extension is over 40% of the Northern Hemisphere land each year. Snow affects a variety of high latitude climate processes and feedbacks. High reflectivity of snow and low thermal conductivity have a cooling effect and modulates the snow-albedo feedback. A contribution from terrestrial snow to the Earth’s radiation budget at the top of the atmosphere is close to that from the sea ice. Snow also prevents large energy losses from the underlying soil and notably the ice growth and the development of seasonal permafrost. Being a natural water storage, snow plays a critical role in high latitude hydrological cycle, including evaporation and run-off. Snow is also one of the most variable components of climate system. With the Arctic warming twice as fast as the globe, the present and future variability of snow characteristics are crucially important for better understanding of the processes and changes undergoing with climate. However, our capacity to observe the terrestrial Arctic is limited compared to the mid-latitudes and climate models play very important role in our ability to understand the snow-related processes especially in the context of a warming cryosphere. In this respect representation of snow-associated feedbacks in climate models, especially during the shoulder seasons (when Arctic snow cover exhibits the strongest variability) is of a special interest.The focus of this study is on the representation of the Arctic terrestrial snow in global circulation models from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) ensemble during the melting (March-April) and the onset (October-November) season for the period from 1979 to 2005. Snow characteristics from the general circulation models have been validated against in situ snow measurements, different satellite-based products and reanalyses.We found that snow characteristics in models have stronger bias in spring than in autumn. The annual cycle of snow cover is well captured by models in comparison with observations, however, the annual cycles of snow water equivalent and snow depth are largely overestimated by models, especially in North America. There is better agreement between models and observations in the snow margin position in spring rather than in autumn. Magnitudes of interannual variability for all snow characteristics are significantly underestimated in most CMIP5 models compared to observations. For both seasons, trends of snow characteristics in models are primarily negative but weaker and less significant than those from observations. The patterns of snow cover trends are relatively well reproduced in models, however, the spatial distribution of trends for snow water equivalent and snow depth display strong regional heterogeneities.Finally, we have concluded CMIP5 general circulation models provides valuable information about the snow characteristics in the terrestrial Arctic, however, they have still limitations. There is a lack of agreement among the ensemble of models in the spatial distribution of snow compared to the observations and reanalysis. And these discrepancies are accentuated in regions where variability of snow is higher in areas with complex terrain such as Canada and Alaska and during the melting and the onset season. Our goal in this study was to identify where and when these models are or are not reproducing the real snow characteristics in the Arctic, thus we hope that our results should be considered when using these snow-related variables from CMIP5 historical output in future climate studies
Bernardes, Parracho Ana Claudia. "Etude de la tendance et de la variabilité de la vapeur d'eau atmosphérique à l'aide de modèles de climat et d'observations du réseau GNSS mondial." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066524/document.
Full textWater vapour is a key component of the Earth’s climate system, and its distribution and variability are sources of uncertainty in climate models. The use of long-term integrated water vapour (IWV) observations and reanalyses can help in their assessment. This work pioneered the use of reprocessed GPS IWV data for 1995-2010, converted from estimates of Zenith Total Delay. The conversion was assessed, with the goal of producing a high quality long-term IWV data set. Due to uncertainties in the GPS observations and homogeneity concerns, a global comparison with ERA-Interim reanalysis data was made. Although a general good agreement in means, variability and trends was found, issues in both data sets were highlighted. In GPS, gaps and inhomogeneities in the time series were evidenced, as well as representativeness differences in coastal areas and regions of complex topography. In ERA-Interim, too strong trends in certain regions were found. ERA-Interim was also compared with other reanalyses (MERRA-2, ERA-20C, 20CR), and differences were found in the IWV trends over Africa, Australia, and Antarctica. Finally, GPS and ERA-Interim IWV were used to assess four configurations of the LMDZ atmospheric general circulation model with two different physics and with or without nudging towards ERA-Interim wind fields. Impact of the model physics on the IWV mean was found, with the new physics being moister at tropical latitudes. Overall, the model free runs in both physics have difficulty reproducing the trends and variability observed in ERA-Interim and GPS. This is improved with the nudging, which confirms the importance of large-scale dynamics on IWV trends and variability
Bernardes, Parracho Ana Claudia. "Etude de la tendance et de la variabilité de la vapeur d'eau atmosphérique à l'aide de modèles de climat et d'observations du réseau GNSS mondial." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066524.
Full textWater vapour is a key component of the Earth’s climate system, and its distribution and variability are sources of uncertainty in climate models. The use of long-term integrated water vapour (IWV) observations and reanalyses can help in their assessment. This work pioneered the use of reprocessed GPS IWV data for 1995-2010, converted from estimates of Zenith Total Delay. The conversion was assessed, with the goal of producing a high quality long-term IWV data set. Due to uncertainties in the GPS observations and homogeneity concerns, a global comparison with ERA-Interim reanalysis data was made. Although a general good agreement in means, variability and trends was found, issues in both data sets were highlighted. In GPS, gaps and inhomogeneities in the time series were evidenced, as well as representativeness differences in coastal areas and regions of complex topography. In ERA-Interim, too strong trends in certain regions were found. ERA-Interim was also compared with other reanalyses (MERRA-2, ERA-20C, 20CR), and differences were found in the IWV trends over Africa, Australia, and Antarctica. Finally, GPS and ERA-Interim IWV were used to assess four configurations of the LMDZ atmospheric general circulation model with two different physics and with or without nudging towards ERA-Interim wind fields. Impact of the model physics on the IWV mean was found, with the new physics being moister at tropical latitudes. Overall, the model free runs in both physics have difficulty reproducing the trends and variability observed in ERA-Interim and GPS. This is improved with the nudging, which confirms the importance of large-scale dynamics on IWV trends and variability
Book chapters on the topic "Modèles de réanalyse"
C. ROCHOUX, Mélanie, Aurélien COSTES, Ronan PAUGAM, and Arnaud TROUVÉ. "Assimilation de données pour les incendies de végétation." In Inversion et assimilation de données de télédétection, 97–132. ISTE Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9142.ch3.
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