Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modèles de matériaux'
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Teisseire, Jérémie. "Tack de matériaux modèles." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00175670.
Full textL'étude réalisée sur le premier matériau a permis de mettre en évidence qu'outre la digitation et la cavitation, mécanismes de rupture observés sur des liquides newtoniens, un mécanisme de fracture peut également apparaître, la fracture étant localisée à l'interface entre la plaque solide et le matériau viscoélastique. Un modèle théorique, faisant notamment intervenir la cinétique de cavitation, a été élaboré pour interpréter la succession de ces mécanismes et décrire les courbes de traction. Le bon accord entre les prédictions et les résultats expérimentaux valide l'importance du rôle de la cinétique et nous permet d'expliquer l'apparition de fractures malgré la croissance préalable de cavités.
Le second système étudié provient de la déformulation d'adhésifs industriels. Nous avons tout d'abord étudié l'influence de la proportion en particules sur la rhéologie des mélanges. Nous avons observé une évolution des paramètres rhéologiques, que nous avons comparée à l'évolution de l'adhésion des mélanges. Nous avons ainsi pu corréler la présence d'un second plateau de force, observé fréquemment pour de véritables adhésifs, au taux de particules dans le matériau. Enfin, cette étude nous a permis de proposer la voie de rupture optimale pour un matériau adhésif.
Danilov, Oleg. "Modèles de matériaux amortissant viscoélastiques." Le Mans, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LEMA1022.
Full textLéonforte, Fabien. "Vibrations et Micromécanique de Matériaux Amorphes Modèles." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00135515.
Full textHoang, Minh Tam. "Frottement saccadé dans les matériaux granulaire modèles." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743550.
Full textJundt, Géraldine. "Modèles d'endommagement et de rupture des matériaux biologiques." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00544861.
Full textBrauer, Alexia de. "Simulation de modèles multi-matériaux sur maillage cartésien." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0152/document.
Full textWe are interested in the simulation of compressible multimaterial flows and especially influid/structure interactions in transient states and fast dynamics. We aim to describe the evolution of materials of very different constitutive laws with an unified model. The materials are only differentiated by their own constitutive laws and are separated by a sharp interface. They can be as well fluids or elastic solids and under go large de formations. The model is written in the Eulerian framework. The numerical scheme is solved on Cartesian grids for simulations in three dimensions. An extension of the elastic model is added to describe the plastic deformations of solids
Diaz, Diaz Alberto. "Délaminage des matériaux multicouches : phénomènes, modèles et critères." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENPC0014.
Full textCorneille, Sylvie. "Homogénéisation périodique de matériaux microfissures." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20104.
Full textTosi-Pellenq, Nathalie. "Etude des phases adsorbées dans des matériaux microporeux modèles." Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX11052.
Full textClauzon, Philippe. "Modèles de comportement électromagnétique de matériaux inhomogènes et composites." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ECDL0055.
Full textYemmas, Rachida. "Simulations numériques des matériaux granulaires." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20197.
Full textBourguignon, Elsa. "Dessalement de matériaux poreux modèles par la méthode des compresses." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00494321.
Full textBourguignon, Elsa Sophie Odile. "Dessalement de matériaux poreux modèles par la méthode des compresses." Paris Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/49/43/21/PDF/EBourguignon_PhD_2009.pdf.
Full textEn anglais : Poultices, wet adhesive pastes applied to porous materials to draw out salts, are used in the in situ conservation of built heritage. This study aims to better understand the mechanisms of water and ion transport during desalination to improve its efficiency. Sodium chloride crystallization in laboratory-made model porous samples (sintered glass beads) was carried out to master the artificial salting process. Poultices made of kaolin, cellulose, aggregates, and water were characterized to investigate the relationship between their formulation and their properties. Finally, desalination experiments were conducted. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging was used throughout the studies to obtain the spatial distribution of water in the different elements non-destructively. Desalination efficiency is related to the system drying behavior which, in turn, depends partly on the material microstructure. Drying of the material before the poultice seems to lead to greater desalination efficiency
Bénazet, Stéphane. "Apport de la modélisation moléculaire aux matériaux energétiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX22009.
Full textTroadec, Hervé. "Texture locale et plasticité des matériaux granulaires." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20119.
Full textLiu, Jun. "Sur de nouveaux verres conducteurs ioniques de l'argent : matériaux, modèles, applications." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00620693.
Full textCao, Lingling. "Analyse mathématique de modèles de structures électroniques de matériaux avec défauts." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1028.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the mathematical analysis of electronic structure models for materials with defects.It contains three different topics. In Chapter 2 we study the ground state of an extended defect in a Fermisea. In Chapter 3 we are interested in the mathematical description of the junction of two perfect quasi onedimensional materials. In Chapter 4 we construct a mathematical framework for a lattice dynamics underthe Born-Oppenheimer approximation, where electrons are coupled with the nuclear dynamics
Joliff, Yoann. "Etude expérimentale et numérique des propriétés d'élasticité de matériaux modèles hétérogènes." Limoges, 2006. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/2a4370fc-c301-4729-ac60-860e0d601595/blobholder:0/2006LIMO4072.pdf.
Full textThe thermomechanical behavior of refractory materials strongly depends on the values of their Young's modulus. However their microstructure, always complex, makes difficult the comprehension of the temperature influence on their elastic moduli. This work is devoted to the study of the temperature dependance of the elastic properties of real refractory materials, by means of the study of bi-phased model materials (glass matrix and alumina inclusions). The thermal mismatch in the thermal expansion coefficients of the material components induces debondings at the matrix/inclusions interfaces. The lack of analytical model able to predict the apparent Young's modulus value of such materials, led us to implement a numerical approach using the finite element method. Numerical models containing one or many inclusion(s) are subjected to thermal loadings which damage the matrix/inclusion(s) interface because of the temperature variation imposed (increase and/or decrease). Then, the Young's modulus of these materials is estimated by simulating a compression and/or tension test. Moreover, experimental values of the same parameter are obtained by an ultrasonic technique making it possible to follow in situ the evolution of the Young's modulus according to the temperature. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results for samples exhibiting the same inclusions contents is generally very satisfactory and thus valids the approach developed in the present work
Tessier-Doyen, Nicolas. "Etude expérimentale et numérique du comportement thermomécanique de matériaux réfractaires modèles." Limoges, 2003. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/6053bd07-6cc3-4e47-b2cd-93801a27e7b2/blobholder:0/2003LIMO0030.pdf.
Full textTrinh, Duy Khanh. "Méthodes d'homogénéisation d'ordre supérieur pour les matériaux architecturés." Paris, ENMP, 2011. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00677046.
Full textStandard homogenization with Cauchy medium has got many successes in heterogeneous material study. However, it is limited when the characterised length of applied macroscopic loadings is at the same order of material's heterogeneities; in particular in case of grand gradient solicitation, for instance in sandwich bending case. The homogenization with generalized continua is then necessary to overcome these limits and extend the validation of homogenization approach out of strict scale separation condition. There are recently much progression in this domain; the contributions have developed mainly material multi-scale modelling by Cosserat (or micropolar) medium, by second gradient medium, by couple-stress medium and recently by micromorphic continuum. There is many methods for multi-scale modelling an heterogeneous material : computational average on RVE; asymptotic developement method or empirical methods. My contribution follows the local fields average technique, with the purpose of looking for a new method which is not so complicated but systematically enough for modelling composite material by generalized continuum media. Motivation of this method is its good applicability to any micro--structure, and also relatively simple to apply non-linear behavior (elasto-plastic behavior)
Gaétane, Ceglia. "Elaboration et caractérisation de matériaux polymères poreux modèles à base d'émulsions contrôlées." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00731266.
Full textFournier, Nancy. "Modèles d'angiogénèse dans des matériaux biologiques, études in vitro et in vivo." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25405.pdf.
Full textBabout, Laurent. "Etude par tomographie X et modélisation de l'endommagement de matériaux métalliques modèles." Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2002ISAL0074/these.pdf.
Full textX ray tomography is a non destructive technique which permits to characterise materials damage in three dimensions. Rightly, this technique opens new scientific views in relation to classical means used until now to study damage events. The aim of this work was to highlight thanks to this new technique the effect of matrix elastoplastic properties and reinforcement volume fraction on damage initiation during monotonic tensile tests in heterogeneous metal materials. Our choice was concerned with model composites : ceramic spherical particles with low scattered size homogeneously dispersed with different volume fraction (4% and 20%) in different metal matrixes (commercially pure aluminium and 2124 aluminium alloy). Meticulous quantitative analyses of experimental observations have been provided, in particular to identify, with a theoretical approach based on different local field calculations (stress, strain or energy) inside particles or at particle/matrix interface, initiation criteria which are able to govern particle cracking or debonding
Aymard-Vinet, Corinne. "Modèles tridimensionnels d'endommagement de matériaux composites à matrice céramique en dynamique rapide." Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10561.
Full textCeglia, Gaétane. "Élaboration et caractérisation de matériaux polymères poreux modèles à base d’émulsions contrôlées." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14462/document.
Full textPolymer foams are cellular materials commonly used for safety applications in many industrial sectors (aeronautic, passive safety, gears…). To even improve their performances, the link between their structural parameters (cell sizes, density...) and their mechanical behaviour should be better understood and modelled. A way of producing such foams is to polymerize the continuous phase of highly concentrated emulsions. The advantage of such an emulsion-based strategy is that it becomes possible to take advantage of the good control over emulsion parameters (drop size, dispersed phase volume fraction, continuous phase composition) to elaborate model foams with cells and pores having narrow size distributions. The production of model foams makes it possible to determine independently the influence of each parameter on the compression modulus and to compare the results with existing models
Muthali, Ajmalghan. "Calculs de structures électroniques et modèles thermodynamiques pour les matériaux d'intérêt énergétique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0353.
Full textITER - International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor - is built in Cadarache, is designed to demonstrate the feasibility of controlled nuclear fusion on earth for the production of clean and sustainable energy. Tungsten (W), the chosen plasma facing-material (PFM) for divertor will be irradiated by a high flux of particles including hydrogen isotopes (HIs) during its operation. Several fundamental issues related to the operation of ITER remain open, including questions concerning the interaction HI and PFM which damages the surface of the vessel, increases the risk of hazard and prevents fusion from occurring. This is the aim of this Ph.D. thesis by means of electronic structure calculations within the density functional theory (DFT). While the manuscript consists of six chapters, it can be grouped into three main parts. In the first one, we investigate hydrogen coverage on the tungsten W(110) and W(100) surfaces via periodic DFT, providing the most stable configurations that hydrogen forms on the surface, step-wise, from the bare surface up to saturation. Since DFT data are only valid at a temperature of 0K, we followed in the second part a statistical approach to make the surface coverage temperature and pressure dependent. In the last part of this document, we focus on the mechanism of hydrogen diffusion in the sub-surface and on the recombination of molecular hydrogen on top of both surfaces. In particular, we explore the surface-coverage dependency of these mechanisms and how it affects their energetics and related kinetics
Preechawuttipong, Itthichai. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique de matériaux granulaires cohésifs." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20033.
Full textFaraoun, Houda Imane. "Modélisation des propriétés thermomécaniques des matériaux abradables." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2008.
Full textAbradable seals are made for gas flux control in turbines and compressors. Good abradability implies reasonably low rigidity and sufficient hardness to resist to erosion, corrosion, oxidation, thermal choc and spontaneous combustion. Abradable materials consistent of a mixture of several structural elements: metallic matrix, solid lubricant phase and controlled amount of porosity. The development of composition and structure of abradables was until now mostly empirical using wear-maps, when theoretical studies resume to few schematic models established on experimental observations. In this thesis, we initiate a model that serves to structure improvement of abradables. It's a part of larger research activity within a European project aiming at developing enhanced abradables coatings by controlling the microstructure and its impact on mechanical properties. The first activity was to acquire more understanding on the relation between abradability and structure using morphological description of coatings. An image analysis approach was developed to quantify the geometrical parameters of structural elements. It is then used to get quantitative thermomechanical properties of some reference coatings by means of finite element analysis. A procedure for properties prediction for coatings before their spraying is proposed and the simulation tools necessary to its application created
Samson, Éric. "Modélisation numérique du transport ionique dans les matériaux cimentaires non saturés." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18188.
Full textChabot, Armelle. "Analyse des efforts à l'interface entre les couches des matériaux composites à l'aide de modèles multiparticulaires de matériaux multicouches (M4)." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00197853.
Full textLogvinova, Kira. "Modèles mathématiques pour la diffusion en milieux poreux hétérogènes." Avignon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AVIG0501.
Full textLoiseau, Anthony. "Elaboration et caractérisation de nanocomposites modèles laponite/polyoxyde d'éthylène." Le Mans, 2006. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2006/2006LEMA1026.pdf.
Full textThis aim of this thesis is to elaborate and characterize model nanocomposites based on Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) and particles of Laponite, a synthetic clay. The elaboration brought in a new mode of preparation, based on a compatibilisation of the particles in aqueous phase, before melt mixing. Rheological studies as well as X-ray analyses have shown the efficiency of the compatibilisation concept. The best dispersion (up to individual particles) was obtained with a saturated coverage of end grafted polymer chains onto the surface of the Laponite particles. The origin of the melt elasticity has been attributed to various factors depending on the molecular weight of the matrix chains. For moderated molecular weights, the elastic character is ascribed to the formation of a network of dispersed particles, whereas contributions of chain confinement or chain bridging between particles are present with higher molecular weight matrices. Thermal analyses were performed in order to understand the effect of the Laponite particles on the crystallization of PEO chains. A non-nucleating behavior was concluded, and was proved by spectroscopic analyses (FTIR and Raman). Indeed, a layer of amorphous polymer was detected onto over the surface of the particles explaining the inhibition of the nucleating effect, often seen with nanoclays
Inoubli, Rabi. "Synthèse, structure et propriétés viscoélastiques de polymères chargés modèles." Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU3020.
Full textThe linear viscoelastic properties of dispersed systems such as filled polymers are still poorly understood, because of a lack of theoretical knowledge about the role of interactions between particles of the dispersed phase. The aim of this work is to investigate the structure/properties relationship of polybutylacrylate filled with grafted silica particles. The method used to synthesize the silica grafted particles (coupling between techniques of “grafting from” and “controlled radical polymerization”) allows to vary the length, density and molecular topology of the grafted polybutylacrylate layer. We are thus able to study model filled polymers, and more particularly the influence of steric interactions between particles on the linear viscoelastic behavior. We first investigated the link between steric interactions, volume fraction of silica, and the spatial organization of the particles in the matrix. SANS experiments clearly show a transition between low volume fractions, were no correlations between individual particles can be detected, and high volume fractions (4%), were a structure factor is measured, showing a spatial organization of the particles. We correlated these results to spectromechanic experiments on the same systems. We show a liquid-to-solid transition for volume fractions of the same order of magnitude as the one measured by SANS. This study on a model filled polymer shows that there are only steric interactions in this system. Particles have a hard sphère behavior and the liquide-solide transition is due to the interpenetrating of grafted polymer extern part
Baril, Jérôme. "Modèles de représentation multi-résolution pour le rendu photo-réaliste de matériaux complexes." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00525125.
Full textBerrod, Quentin. "Relation structure - transport dans des membranes et matériaux modèles pour pile à combustible." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00981913.
Full textEl, Maliki Anas. "Etude micromécanique des interfaces fibre de carbone/élastomère dans des matériaux composites modèles." Mulhouse, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MULH0323.
Full textChabot, Armelle. "Analyse des efforts à l'interface entre les couches des matériaux composites à l'aide de modèles multi particulaires de matériaux multicouches (M4)." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENPC9710.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to design a tool for engineers simple to use which is able to analyze 3D stresses responsible for edge delamination or transverse crackings in multilayed materials. In the first part of the dissertation, we built Multiparticle Models (M4) from 3D approximate stresses written as Legendre's z polynomials layerwise. Polynomial coefficients are (x, y) fields which are connected to generalized stresses. We use Hellinger-Reissner's formulation to deduce displacements and associate generalized strains. Writing the formulation stationary, we give equilibrium equations, boundary conditions and constitutive laws. According to the different approximate stress fields, we have 7n, 5n, 3n and (2n+1) (n: layer number) plane equilibrium equations. In the second part of the thesis, we test four models concerning the problem of the boundary traction conditions on any angles laminates and (0°, 90°)s laminate with circular opening. We write analytically the systems of equations which condense on y second order of differential system of equations and whose resolution is performed by MATHEMATICA. On (0°, 90°)s laminate without hole, we show that miss stresses energy of reduced models do not disappear but is transferred on these still remaining stresses. On the simplest Multiparticle Model M4_(2n+1)M case, to ensure a global equilibrium of laminate, we propose a concept, which can be applied generally, of Dirac lineic stress whose intensity is connected with the maximum of edge shear stress. We think that it can be used as the essential information in order to define a criterion of delamination
Thieulot-Laure, Emmanuelle. "Méthode probabiliste unifiée pour la prédiction du risque de rupture en fatigue." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01199575v1.
Full textOne of the main sources of randomness in fatigue is the presence of defects in the material. So as to establish specifications about the material cleanliness, i. E. The distribution of inclusion sizes, the relation between the defect size and the risk of failure should be established. The pioneering results of Kitagawa and Takahashi have established that two domains can be distinguished: when defects are small, the endurance limit does not vary with the defect size. Endurance models are therefore expressed within the framework of continuum mechanics. On the contrary, the size of large defects should be accounted for, which is usually done within the framwork of linear elastic fracture mechanics. When the distributions of defects are wide, an accurate prediction of the failure probability requires a unified fatigue criterion in terms of defects sizes. Therefore, a non‐propagation criterion was developed. It is based on a critical elastic distortional energy around the crack tip and includes higher order terms (Tstress) of LEFM asymptotic fields, so as to be applicable to smaller defects. This criterion responds like the Dang Van criterion for small defects and like a non‐propagation threshold stress intensity factor for large defects. The probably of failure is then determined using the weakest link theory from the statistic distribution of defects sizes. However, when defects are small, their non‐propagation threshold becomes sensitive to the local environment of the defect. Therefore, the last part of this thesis concerns the fluctuation of stresses within the microstructure and its effects on the non‐propagation threshold of defects. This “microstructural” fluctuation induces a dispersion of the non‐propagation threshold, when defects have a dimension below ten grains and then vanishes progressively with the inverse of the squareroot of the defect size, when this defect size increases
Idrac, Jonathan. "Comportement électrochimique d'alliages modèles binaires aluminium-cuivre." Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000191/.
Full textThis work is devoted to a study of the electrochemical behaviour of binary aluminiumcopper model alloys. Binary aluminium-copper alloys were deposited using physical vapour deposition PVD. Like that, the model alloy layers containing 0. 1 to 100 at % Cu were prepared to a thickness about 450 nm. A good correlation has been established between the metallurgical phases into these alloys and the equilibrium phase diagram. The microstructure evolution with chemical composition has then revealed a strongly influence of the θ-Al2Cu phase (33 at % Cu). In the same way, the electrochemical behaviour of these alloys in a sulphate media was correlated to the evolution of their microstructure. For a composition close to that of θ-Al2Cu phase (33 at % Cu), a transition of the electrochemical behaviour was again observed. Galvanic coupling between model alloys containing both α-Al and θ-Al2Cu phases shows that the anodic α phase remained in the passive state whereas pits were observed on cathodic θ-Al2Cu phase. The second part of this work concerns the chemical and structural studies of the anodic films grown on these alloys. From 0. 2 at % Cu in alloy, anodizing led to a copper enrichment just beneath the film in a 2 nm thin thick layer. For a sufficient copper content in the alloy, oxidation of copper was observed. From 2 at % copper content, the voltage-time response during anodizing wasn't linear and the RBS analysis revealed a difference between the calculated and measured values of the enrichment copper content. Then, from this composition copper is oxidised and incorporated into the film and oxygen bubbles are formed leading to a defective structure of anodic films, which has a strong influence on the electrochemical behaviour of these anodized alloys.
Galandon, Antoine. "Mise en œuvre et stabilité de matériaux bio-sourcés thermoplastiques expansés." Rouen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ROUES015.
Full textIt has been recently shown it was possible to obtain biodegradable thermoplastics films based on wheat flour. In this work, we try to get expanded materials with similar matter. By adapting composition of a melt of plasticizers, anti-binding agent, expandable agent and wheat flour (by product of the food production), we show it is possible to bring onto play biodegradables expanded materials. From analysis realized on non expanded extrudates, we observed that a phase separation occurs when we prepare our materials. These phases are depending on the type and the quantity of plasticizers. We have a material showing at least one amorphous phase, one vitreous phase and a crystalline phase. The influence of silica has been also studied as a function of the mechanical properties and the molecular relaxation of the material. These results show the behaviour observed are comparable to that of the synthetic polymers. Then all these results have been used to study the expansion of this material. The extrusion parameters, like temperature, screw rotation speed have been studied. We have shown the material goes by a maximum of expansion which depends on the extrusion parameters, the extrusion machine, the composition of the melt and its structure
Ahmiedi, El Hadj. "Etude de la propagation des fissures en milieu viscoélastique : applications aux enrobés bitumeux." Limoges, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIMO0035.
Full textMady, Franck. "Modélisation des phénomènes de transport et des effets de charge dans les matériaux isolants." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT2026.
Full textThe fundamentals properties of insulating materials as well as their technological performances are strongly influenced by the electric charges they have stored. The charging-up of the insulator can be provoked by various stresses suffered by the sample. It is responsible for the appearance of an electric field which favours the aging and the breakdown of the material. The eradication of such undesirable effects requires a good understanding of the charging mechanisms
Lahbabi, Salma. "Etude mathématique de modèles quantiques et classiques pour les matériaux aléatoires à l'échelle atomique." Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00873213.
Full textBeaugnon, Eric. "Les champs magnétiques statiques dans la synthèse des matériaux : étude expérimentale de systèmes modèles." Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPG0027.
Full textSchaal, Emmanuel. "Comportement en corrosion de matériaux métalliques commerciaux et modèles dans des conditions types UVEOM." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0192/document.
Full textCorrosion of heat exchangers is an economic and technical issue in Waste-to-energy plants. It is caused by the combined action of (i) flue gas containing HCl and SO2 and (ii) chlorides and alkali sulfates rich ash. This work is part of the ANR project SCAPAC (supported by the ANR-11-RMNP 0016) and focused on the influence of experimental parameters on the corrosion behavior of two commercial alloys used in Waste-to-Energy plants: the 16Mo3 steel and the nickel-based alloy Inconel 625. This study allowed to highlight that the presence of molten phase, the increase in the chloride content, the presence of 10% by weight of ZnCl2 in the ash mixtures and the presence of corrosive gases (HCl, SO2) in the atmosphere are three factors that have induced an higher corrosion of materials, more pronounced on the iron alloy base. Another part of the work has been focused on the influence of alloying elements Fe, Cr and Mo. Thus, model alloys with compositions oscillating around the composition of Inconel 625 commercial alloy were synthesized by high frequency induction and their corrosion resistance was evaluated in air and in corrosive atmosphere. Good optimization of the commercial alloy has been demonstrated in air. In corrosive atmosphere, a minimum chromium content was required to obtain a good corrosion resistance
Qi, Bing. "Influence de l'endommagement sur les propriétés d'élasticité de matériaux modèles : approche numérique et expérimentale." Limoges, 2009. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/a2376b23-0b15-49bd-af65-42a34ea63047/blobholder:0/2009LIMO4045.pdf.
Full textThe subject of the thesis is to study the damage of heterogeneous model materials. In the experimental part, different biphased model materials have been fabricated. Damage occurs in these materials due to differential thermal expansion between the phases. The evolution of Young's modulus of these materials during a thermal cycle E=f(T) has been measured by ultrasonic technique, which shows also the evolution of damage in materials. In the numerical part, the simulation of the damage evolution has been carried out using the finite element code ABAQUS. Two methods have been used and compared for modelling cracks opening and closure. Different numerical models including single- and multi-inclusions with specific boundary conditions have also been developed. The numerical results have provided a fairly good correlation towards the experimental results
Al, Jarbouh Ali. "Applications de la dérivation fractionnaire à la modélisation du comportement des matériaux viscoélastiques." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10098.
Full textMichrafy, Abderrahim. "Modélisation et calcul pour certains types de matériaux composites endommageables." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10616.
Full textPoizat, Christophe. "Modélisation numérique de matériaux et structures composites à fibres piézoélectriques." Troyes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TROY0004.
Full textTchamba, Jean Claude. "Contribution à l'étude expérimentale du comportement des matériaux cimentaires au jeune âge : pression, rhéologie et perméabilité." Lorient, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LORIS112.
Full textThe advent of the Self Compacting Concretes brought important evolutions in the sectors of building behaviour of materials with cementing matrix in a fresh state in particular self compacting concrete. The objective is to follow the evolution of the constraints of structuring and the intrinsic parameters (particularly the threshold of shearing) of these materials, before, during and after the implementation. Experiments of pore water pressures coupled with rheology were carried out on pastes cement and concretes at constant temperature 20° C. The studied mixtures were manufactured with same cement. The approach among other things consists in crossing the results obtained using a casing column, of a rheometer of laboratory for better determining the behaviour of materials tested. A first trial run made it possible to be interested in the problems of recoveries of shear stresses the walls using three devices to determine the constraints of structuring. A test on the column making it possible to measure the pore water pressure and the vertical pressure is carried out. Moreover, one study relating to the constraints with the interfaces was undertaken while being based on the evolution of the apparent mass of a plate immersed in studied materials. Lastly, the dimensional checks of endogenous withdrawal were carried out in parallel with the tests on the column. In the second time, a rotary rheometer, with Vane geometry coupled to interstitial pressure pick-ups was developed to describe the rheological characteristics of these materials. The aim is to follow the evolution of the flow property of material. In this context, the evaluation of the intrinsic parameters according to the model of Bingham was carried out. The results show the influence of the parameters of the composition on the rheological properties. Lastly, because of our interrogation on the evolution of the properties of transfer when the fresh material is at rest, an experimental campaign aiming at characterizing the permeability of a cement paste fresh by device of test oedometric and filtration is presented. We thus precisely measure compressing of material under load in conditions draining as well as the evolution of the permeabilities during the maturation of a cement paste