Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modèles de dispersion lagrangiens'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Modèles de dispersion lagrangiens.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Berlemont, Alain. "Modélisation eulérienne et lagrangienne de la dispersion particulaire en écoulement turbulent." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUES028.
Full textPétrissans, Anélie. "Sur les modèles stochastiques lagrangiens de suivi de particules dans un champ turbulent et leur application en écoulements gaz-solide confinés." Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10194.
Full textThis work lies on the Lagrangian approach of particle dispersion in a turbulent flow. The fluid turbulent motion at the discrete particle location is predicted using a stochastic model based on the knowledge of the autocorrelation coefficient of the fluid " seen " by the particle. The proposed stochastic model ARMA(2,1) is consistent with Wang and Stock's analytical form (1993) describing the autocorrelation function of the fluid seen. A parametric study of the particle dispersion in a homogeneous, isotropic stationary turbulent flow has shown that a non-linear drag force can make the particle anisotropy more pronounced. Our study has been extended to gas-solid pipe flows. Several dispersion models have been compared. We have put emphasis that in the case of small particles it is very important to correctly model the non homogeneous character of the turbulent flow
Béard, Philippe. "Modélisation lagrangienne de la dispersion et de l'évaporation de gouttes dans un écoulement turbulent instationnaire." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ESAE0004.
Full textGuillaumot, Charlène. "Modelling the response of Antarctic marine species to environmental changes. Methods, applications and limitations." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UBFCK020.
Full textAmong tools that are used to fill knowledge gaps on natural systems, ecological modelling has been widely applied during the last two decades. Ecological models are simple representations of a complex reality. They allow to highlight environmental drivers of species ecological niche and better understand species responses to environmental changes. However, applying models to Southern Ocean benthic organisms raises several methodological challenges. Species presence datasets are often aggregated in time and space nearby research stations or along main sailing routes. Data are often limited in number to correctly describe species occupied space and physiology. Finally, environmental datasets are not precise enough to accurately represent the complexity of marine habitats. Can we thus generate performant and accurate models at the scale of the Southern Ocean ? What are the limits of such approaches ? How could we improve methods to build more relevant models ? In this PhD thesis, three different model categories have been studied and their performance evaluated. (1) Mechanistic physiological models (Dynamic Energy Budget models, DEB) simulate how the abiotic environment influences individual metabolism and represent the species fundamental niche. (2) Species distribution models (SDMs) predict species distribution probability by studying the relationship between species presences and the environment. They represent the species realised niche. (3) Dispersal lagrangian models predict the drift of propagules in water masses. Results show that physiological models can be developed for marine Southern Ocean species to simulate the metabolic variations in link with the environment and predict population dynamics. However, more data are necessary to highlight detailed physiological contrasts between populations and to accurately evaluate models. Results obtained for SDMs suggest that models generated at the scale of the Southern Ocean and future simulations are not relevant, given the lack of data available to characterise species occupied space, the lack of precision and accuracy of future climate scenarios and the impossibility to evaluate models. Moreover, model extrapolate on a large proportion of the projected area. Adding information on species physiological limits (observations, results from experiments, physiological model outputs) was shown to reduce extrapolation and to improve the capacity of models to estimate the species realised niche. Spatial aggregation of occurrence data, which influenced model predictions and evaluation was also succefully corrected. Finally, dispersal models showed an interesting potential to highlight the role of geographic barriers or conversely of spatial connectivity and also the link between species distribution, physiology and phylogeny history. This PhD thesis provides methodological advices, annoted codes and tutorials to help implement future modelling works applied to Southern Ocean marine species
Lalire, Maxime. "STAMM, un modèle individu-centré de la dispersion active des tortues marines juvéniles : applications aux cas des tortues luths du Pacifique Ouest et de l'Atlantique Nord-Ouest et aux tortues caouannes de l'ouest de l'océan Indien." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30259/document.
Full textSea turtles are increasingly threatened by the direct and indirect effects of human activities. Their life cycle is complex, shared between various, and often very distant, habitats. Their conservation therefore requires identifying the habitats occupied at each stage of life and the migration routes between these different habitats. While the spatial ecology of adult turtles is relatively well known, particularly through satellite monitoring, the situation is not the same for juveniles which pelagic development phase remains largely unobserved. In that context, numerical simulation constitutes an appropriate tool to explore the dispersal of juvenile sea turtles from their natal beaches. Until now, simulations were mostly performed under the assumption that juveniles disperse passively with oceanic currents. In this PhD thesis we present STAMM (Sea Turtle Active Movement Model), a new model of active dispersal that aims to go beyond the initial hypothesis of passive drift. In STAMM, juvenile sea turtles move under the influence of ocean currents and swimming movements motivated by the search for favorable habitats. This model is applied here to the study of the dispersal of juveniles from three sea turtle populations: leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) of the Western Pacific and the Northwest Atlantic Oceans, and loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) of the Western Indian Ocean. Our results show that, although ocean currents broadly shape juvenile dispersal areas, simulations including habitat-driven movements provide more realistic results than passive drift simulations. Habitat-driven movements prove to deeply structure the spatial and temporal distribution of juveniles. In particular, they induce seasonal latitudinal migrations that reduce cold induce mortality. They also push simulated individuals to concentrate in productive areas that cannot be accessed through pure passive drift. These results challenge the classical view of juveniles circulating passively around oceanic gyres. They should rapidly be taken into account for the implementation of targeted conservation measures concerning juvenile sea turtles
Bahlali, Meïssam. "Adaptation de la modélisation hybride eulérienne/lagrangienne stochastique de Code_Saturne à la dispersion atmosphérique de polluants à l’échelle micro-météorologique et comparaison à la méthode eulérienne." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1047/document.
Full textThis Ph.D. thesis is part of a project that aims at modeling pollutant atmospheric dispersion with the Computational Fluid Dynamics code Code_Saturne. The objective is to simulate atmospheric dispersion of pollutants in a complex environment, that is to say around power plants, industrial sites or in urban areas. In this context, the focus is on modeling the dispersion at micro-scale, that is for distances of the order of a few meters to a few kilometers and corresponding to time scales of the order of a few tens of seconds to a few tens of minutes: this is also called the near field area. The approach followed in this thesis follows a hybrid Eulerian/Lagrangian formulation, where the mean dynamical fields relative to the carrier fluid (pressure, velocity, temperature, turbulence) are calculated through an Eulerian approach and are then provided to the Lagrangian solver. This type of formulation is commonly used in the atmospheric literature for its numerical efficiency. The Lagrangian stochastic model considered in our work is the Simplified Langevin Model (SLM), developed by Pope (1985,2000). This model belongs to the methods commonly referred to as PDF (Probability Density Function) methods, and, to our knowledge, has not been used before in the context of atmospheric dispersion. First, we show that the SLM meets the so-called well-mixed criterion (Thomson, 1987). This criterion, essential for any Lagrangian stochastic model to be regarded as acceptable, corresponds to the fact that if particles are initially uniformly distributed in an incompressible fluid, then they must remain so. We check the good respect of the well-mixed criterion for three cases of inhomogeneous turbulence representative of a wide range of practical applications: a mixing layer, an infinite plane channel, and an atmospheric-like case involving an obstacle within a neutral boundary layer. We show that the good respect of the well-mixed criterion lies simply in the good introduction of the pressure gradient term as the mean drift term in the Langevin model (Pope, 1987; Minier et al., 2014; Bahlali et al., 2018c). Also, we discuss the importance of consistency between Eulerian and Lagrangian fields in the framework of such Eulerian/Lagrangian hybrid formulations. Then, we validate the model in the case of continuous point source pollutant dispersion, under uniform wind and homogeneous turbulence. In these conditions, there is an analytical solution allowing a precise verification. We observe that in this case, the Lagrangian model discriminates well the two different near- and far-field diffusion regimes, which is not the case for an Eulerian model based on the eddy-viscosity hypothesis (Bahlali et al., 2018b).Finally, we work on the validation of the model on several experimental campaigns in real atmosphere, taking into account atmospheric thermal stratification and the presence of buildings. The first experimental program considered in our work has been conducted on the `SIRTA' site (Site Instrumental de Recherche par Télédétection Atmosphérique), in the southern suburb of Paris, and involves a stably stratified surface layer. The second campaign studied is the MUST (Mock Urban Setting Test) experiment. Conducted in the United States, in Utah's desert, this experiment aims at representing an idealized city, through several ranges of containers. Two cases are simulated and analyzed, respectively corresponding to neutral and stable atmospheric stratifications (Bahlali et al., 2018a)
Michelot, Christophe. "Développement d'un modèle stochastique lagrangien : application à la dispersion et à la chimie de l'atmosphère." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1996. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1685_cmichelot.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this work is to build a stochastic Lagrangian model of particles tracking which takes into account chemical reactions between the different species encountered in the flow. The first chapter briefly deals with different kinematic existing models. The complexity of atmos¬pheric chemical reactions is then highlighted through the example of nitrogen oxides ones. Lagrangian approach is chosen to consider reacting flows, as it seems more appropriate than Eulerian approach to local phenomena such as diffusion and chemical reactions. The modeling of the convection in isotropic turbulence by stochastic Lagrangian models based on a Langevin equation is presented in the second chapter. In order to establish the link between Lagrangian and Eulerian formulations, the Fokker-Planck equation deduced from the one particle one time scale stochastic model is determined. This model is applied to the case of a temperature source line seeding a grid generated turbulence. The validation is performed by comparisons of the numerical results to experimental data. The third chapter begins with a summary of the different extensions of the one particle one time scale stochastic model to inhomogeneous turbulent flows. The model of Thomson (1987) will be retained as it appears to be the more rigorous relatively to the hypothesis. Many types of rejections in inhomogeneous turbulence are simulated, which will allow to check the influence of different parameters on numerical results. To end with this chapter, a model including buoyancy effects is presented and tested in the case of a ground level source in a neutral boundary layer. The last chapter is devoted to reacting flows. The one particle Lagrangian approach has needed the use of a mixing model within the tracked particles. Starting from a more general formulation than the diffusion model of Hsu h Chen (1991), the condition it has to satisfy for the concentration probability density function to relax towards a Gaussian shape in isotropic turbulence is established. The new one particle one time scale stochastic model including mixing process is successfully applied to different cases of reacting species mixing experiments in grid generated turbulence which are: a turbulent mixing layer between ozone and nitrogen monoxide; a line source of nitrogen monoxide in a main flow of ozone; a point source of nitrogen monoxide in a main flow of ozone
Jabir, Jean-François. "Modèles stochastiques lagrangiens de type McKean-Vlasov conditionnel et leur confinement." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4078.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested in theoretical aspects related to a new class of stochastic differential equations referred as Lagrangian stochastic models. These models have been introduced to model the properties of particles issued from turbulent flows. Motivated by a recent application of the Lagrangien models to the context of downscaling methods for weather forecasting, we also consider the introduction of boundary conditions in the dynamics. In the frame of nonlinear McKean equations, the Lagrangian stochastic models provide a particular case of non-linear dynamics due to the presence ion the coefficients of conditional distribution. For simplified cases, we establish a well-posedness result and particle approximations. In concern of boundary conditions, we construct a confined stochastic system within general domain for the prototypic “mean no-permeability” condition. In the case where the confinement domain is the hyper plane, we obtain existence and uniqueness results for the considered dynamics, and prove the accuracy of our model. For more general domains, we study the conditional McKean-Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation satisfied by the law of the systems. We develop the notions of super- and sub-Maxwellians solutions, ensuring the existence of Gaussian bounds for the solution of the equation
Jouanneau, Nicolas. "Caractérisation de la dispersion de traceurs passifs dans un écoulement côtier soumis à un régime macrotidal : Étude d'impact de la dynamique sur la qualité de l'eau le long du littoral du Nord-Pas de Calais et de la Picardie." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00981658.
Full textMoissette, Sophie. "Étude dynamique et thermique par modélisation eulérienne-lagrangienne des effets liés aux interactions turbulence-particules dans un écoulement gaz-solide en conduite verticale non-isotherme." Nancy 1, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2001_0231_MOISSETTE.pdf.
Full textThe present study aimed at contributing to the development of simulation tools for turbulent gas-solid non-isothermal flows, which are present in numerous industrial applications (drying processes, combustion, ). The modelling is implemented in the frame of an Eulerian-Lagrangian approach and leans on a fine representation of the mechanisms able to affect the suspension behaviour (anisotropic low-Reynolds k-epsilon closure model and WET closure model, stochastic particle tracking with collisions and dispersion, coupling between the phases). The influence of the various phenomena and their modelling on the behaviour of each phase is estimated by several parametric studies and by comparisons with results from the literature. The calculation code turned out to be able to predict the heat exchange modulation in the presence of particles for a relatively wide range of flows, even if several problems still arise for the smallest particle sizes and for the strongest mass loading ratios
Ramasomanana, Fanilo Heninkaja. "Modélisation du transport réactif dans les eaux souterraines : généralisation des méthodes ELLAM : (Eulerian-Lagrangian Localized Adjoint Method)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAH001/document.
Full textThe fate of contaminants in soils is a major environmental challenge. In this work, we develop efficient and reliable numerical tools for simulation of water flow and distribution prediction of pollutants in variably saturated porous media. In the first part of this document, the mixed hybrid finite element method is presented for solving Richard’s equation. A mass lumping technique is proposed to avoid unphysical oscillations when sharp infiltration fronts are simulated. In the second part of this work, the Eulerian Lagrangian Localized Adjoint Method (ELLAM) is used for modeling reactive transport in highly heterogeneous domains. Solute transport is described mathematically by the advection-dispersion and results obtained with ELLAM are very encouraging. ELLAM allows (i)overcoming spatial and time discretizations constraints imposed by classical Eulerian method, (ii)conserving mass and (iii) treating general boundary conditions naturally in the formulation. Moreover, we introduce a new ELLAM scheme (C_ELLAM) which avoid unphysical oscillations and reduce the numerical dispersion generated by the standard formulation.In the last part of this document, the C_ELLAM scheme is used to characterize the macrodispersion of a nonreactive solute in heterogeneous domains. This study is based on Monte Carlo simulations andtherefore requires highly efficient simulators. Our results are compared with previous work using Random Walk Particle Method to solve the advection-dispersion equation
Pit, Fabienne. "Modélisation du mélange pour la simulation d'écoulements réactifs turbulents : essais de modèles eulériens lagrangiens." Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUE5020.
Full textVendel, Florian. "Modélisation de la dispersion atmosphérique en présence d'obstacles complexes : application à l'étude de sites industriels." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00601470.
Full textLaunay, Karine. "Analyse de modeles lagrangiens de prediction de dispersion turbulente et proposition d'un modele integrant la turbulence vue par la particule." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR13065.
Full textDesjonqueres, Philippe. "Modélisation lagrangienne du comportement de particules discrètes en écoulement turbulent." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUES004.
Full textLOUBET, Benjamin. "Modélisation du dépôt sec d'ammoniac atmosphérique à proximité des sources." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003250.
Full textDufour, Frédéric. "Développements de la méthode des éléments finis avec des points d'intégration Lagrangiens : applications à la géomécanique." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00334013.
Full textBekhouche, Samira. "Étude de la dispersion de scalaires passifs : couplage de la GILTT avec des modèles de dispersion latérale." Paris 12, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA120059.
Full textThis work presents the thesis that dedicates to the problem of the dispersion of the pollutants in low and moderate winds. The aim is to evaluate the contribution of the semi-analytical models that appears recently (Moreira et al. , 2005a) for the characterization of atmospheric dispersion. Two approaches described in this work relates to the following : a) the comparison of the analytical semi models to other analytical models dedicate to the characterization of dispersion in low and moderate winds. B) the combining semi-analytical models with their profiles of crosswind dispersion in order to rebuild the plumes maximal concentration. During the comparison the semi analytical model derives from the GILTT (Generalized Integral Laplace Transform Technical) with parameterizations of the vertical turbulent diffusivity and the wind profile is confronted to two analytical models : the Gaussian model and the model of low winds of IIT (Indian Institute of Technology) of Delhi. During this evaluation it appears that the effectiveness of the semi-analytical models is comparable to the developed models of IIT intended for the characterization of dispersion in low winds conditions. This procedure is new and opened for new perspectives of the usage of this model type. Several tests of this new approach have been done in low winds conditions using the data bases of "Model Validation Tools Kits" and of EPA. It appears that this combining is an alternative of the characterization of atmospheric dispersion in low and moderate winds conditions
Vinkovic, Ivana. "Dispersion et mélange turbulents de particules solides et de gouttelettes par une simulation des grandes échelles et une modélisation stochastique lagrangienne." Phd thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2005. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/ivinkovic.pdf.
Full textIn order to study the dispersion of industrial stack emissions, a large eddy simulation with the dynamic subgrid-scale model of Germano et al. (1991) is coupled with Lagrangian tracking of fluid particles containing scalar, solid particles and droplets. Because most interactions between particles, such as chemical reactions, collisions, coalescence, breakup or evaporation, take place at a subgrid scale, it is important to model the movement of particles below the grid. Therefore, a Langevin model is coupled with the LES. The stochastic model is written in terms of subgrid-scale statistics at a mesh level. Finally, a model for droplet coalescence and breakup is implemented. Coalescence and breakup are considered as a stochastic process under the scaling symmetry assumption. The model is inspired by the stochastic model for secondary breakup of Apte et al. (2003). The results of the different models implemented in the LES are compared with various wind tunnel experiments
Foudhil, Hadjira. "Développement d'un modèle numérique de dispersion atmosphérique de particules à l'échelle d'un paysage hétérogène." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12525.
Full textIsnard, Olivier. "Dispersion atmosphérique en présence de groupes d'obstacles." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ECDL0013.
Full textMuch research has been devoted to modelling mesoscale atmospheric boundary layer flows and flows at the scale of individual streets, but much less attention has been focussed on flow and dispersion at intermediate scales, such as small town or a large suburban area. An important problem in the computational modelling of such flows is the representation of the urban surface layer. At typical scales used in such calculations, it is not feasible to model individual buildings, but neither is it possible to represent the effects of the buildings by a simple change in roughness length. Geographical information Systems now provide us with a highly detailed description of the urban topography, but, paradoxically, these descriptions are too detailed to be used directly. The challenge is therefore to find ways to simplify the data, so that they can be used in pratical calculations of flow and dispersion in urban areas. This is the objective of the research presented here. In order to develop simple parametrisations for the influence of a group of buildings on flow and dispersion in the urban canopy, we need first to identify and underrstand the major processus. In particular, we need to understand how parameters such as the geometrical organisation, the obstacles, the spacing between them, their size and the overall extent of the group interact to influence the flow and the dispersion. We have use three different approaches to investigate this. Firstly, experiments were performed in an atmospheric wind tunnel, for several different configurations of obstacles. Fluid velocities were measured using LDV, and gas concentrations were measured using FID. Secondly, three dimensional calculations have been performed using the atmospheric dispersion code MERCURE initially developed by EDF. Finally a simplified model for flow and dispersion within a group of obstacles was developed based on a potential flow approach. These three methods have been used to investigate and explain some of the fundamental processus involved in flow and dispersion through groups of obstacles
Aguinaga, Sylvain. "Dispersion turbulente et déposition de gouttes d'eau : expérimentation et modélisation numérique." Poitiers, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008POIT2312.
Full textThis study is about droplets dispersion and deposition in turbulent flows. This problem has many industrial applications such as the aerodynamics of road vehicles (external and underhood flows). Both numerical and experimental approach are considered. The turbulent interaction of droplets with the fluid is the main problem in discrete phase models. Close to the wall, this interaction governs the deposition mechanisms. The wallfunctions for turbulence affect the deposition at the wall. A model is then presented and leads to new boundary conditions for deposition in two CFD codes : Fluent (Euler/Lagrange approach) and Neptune_CFD (Euler/Euler approach). Another comprehensive model is also developed. They are first applied in a 2D channel flow. An experimental database for the axisymmetric sudden expansion is presented. The droplets dispersion is measured using PIV and PTV. A new method for wall deposition measurements, based on a fluorescent dye under UV illumination, is developed. The analysis of both experimental and numerical results highlights the mechanisms for droplets dispersion end deposition in a complex turbulent flow relevant to automotive issues. It also allows assessing numerical models in such a configuration
De, Chaisemartin Stéphane. "Modèles eulériens et simulation numérique de la dispersion turbulente de brouillards qui s'évaporent." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443982.
Full textChaisemartin, Stéphane de. "Modèles eulériens et simulation numérique de la dispersion turbulente de brouillards qui s'évaporent." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ECAP0011/document.
Full textThe multi-fluid model, providing a Eulerian description of polydisperse sprays, appears as an interesting method for two-phase combustion applications. Its relevance as a numerical tool for industrial device simulations is evaluated in this work. This evaluation assesses the feasibility of multi-fluid simulations in terms of computational cost and analyzes their precision through comparisons with reference methods for spray resolution. In order to define such a reference, the link between the available methods for spray resolution is provided, highlighting their corresponding level of modeling. A first framework of 2-D vortical flows is used to assess the mathematical structure of the multi-fluid model governing system of equations. The link between the mathematical peculiarities and the physical modeling is provided, and a robust numerical scheme efficient for 2-D/3-D configurations is designed. This framework is also used to evaluate the multi-fluid description of evaporating spray sizeconditioned dynamics through quantitative, time-resolved, comparisons with a Lagrangian reference and with experimental data. In order to assess the multi-fluid efficiency in configurations more representative of industrial devices, a numerical solver is designed, providing a framework devoted to spray method evaluation. An original implementation of the multifluid method, combining genericity and efficiency in a parallel framework, is achieved. The coupling with a Eulerian/Lagrangian solver for dispersed two-phase flows, developed at CORIA, is conducted. It allows a precise evaluation of Euler/Lagrange versus Euler/Euler approaches, in terms of precision and computational cost. Finally, the behavior of the multi-fluid model is assessed in 2D-jets and 3-D Homogeneous Isotropic Turbulence. It illustrates the ability of the method to capture evaporating spray dynamics in more complex configurations. The method is shown to describe accurately the fuel vapor mass fraction, a key issue for combustion applications. Furthermore, the method is shown to be efficient in domain decomposition parallel computing framework, a key issue for simulations at the scale of industrial devices
Nisa, Khoirin. "On multivariate dispersion analysis." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2025.
Full textThis thesis examines the multivariate dispersion of normal stable Tweedie (NST) models. Three generalize variance estimators of some NST models are discussed. Then within the framework of natural exponential family, two characterizations of normal Poisson model, which is a special case of NST models with discrete component, are shown : first by variance function and then by generalized variance function. The latter provides a solution to a particular Monge-Ampere equation problem. Finally, to illustrate the application of generalized variance of normal stable Tweedie models, examples from real data are provided
Soulhac, Lionel. "Modélisation de la dispersion atmosphérique à l'intérieur de la canopée urbaine." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ECDL0007.
Full textThere are many practical situations in which it is necessary to evaluate the impact of urban air pollution on health and the environment. Often, this demands rather fine scale modelling of air flow and dispersion, at the scale of the street or the quartier. In such cases it is usually necessary to include the influence of a large number of irregularly-shaped buildings. This requires the development and application of simplified, practical models, which are based on the main underlying physical phenomena. One approach which is commonly used to estimate pollutant concentrations in an isolated street is the street canyon model. Although flow and dispersion in an isolated street have been the subject of many investigations in the past, and several practical models have been proposed for idealised configurations, many questions remain unanswered. The aims of this investigation are therefore to improve our understanding of the fundamental processes which govern flow and dispersion in a single street or a group of streets, and to develop simple, operational models for these situations. The research has been carried out using numerical and experimental techniques. Numerical simulations have been carried out using the three-dimensional atmospheric boundary layer code MERCURE (a RANS model with a k-є closure) and the experiments were performed in the atmospheric wind tunnel at the Ecole Centrale de Lyon. Fluid velocities and gas concentrations were measured using LDA and FID. Initially, we studied the influence of street geometry (aspect ratio, asymmetry) on flow and dispersion within the street, when the wind blows perpendicular to the street. We have developed a model for pollutant concentrations, based on a solution of the advection-diffusion equation in a potential flow. Next we studied the influence of the direction of the wind relative to the axis of the street, and we show that the problem can be decomposed into flow parallel and perpendicular to the street. In the third part of the study we investigated the influence of street geometry and wind direction on flow and dispersion at street intersections; we show that the flow within the streets plays an important role in determining the exchange of material within the intersection. Based on these results, we then develop a model which extends the street canyon concept to a network of connected streets. This makes it possible to study the atmospheric dispersion of pollutants at the scale of the quartier. All the models developed during this work have been compared with the results from numerical simulations and experiments, and the agreement is generally good. As a final test of the models, we have used them to simulate dispersion in part of the 6th arrondissement of Lyon; the calculated concentrations show surprisingly good agreement with concentrations measured by an atmospheric pollution monitor located there
Ardeshiri, Hamidreza. "Dynamique des copépodes dans les écoulements turbulents." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10080/document.
Full textThe most common family of multi-celled organisms in the zooplankton is a rather diversified group of crustaceans known with the name of copepods. Copepods have a major role in the marine ecosystem because they are the secondary producers in the ecological food-chain linking phytoplankton cells to fish larvae and even to large mammals such as whales. Copepods swimming behavior exhibits quick powerful jumps. Such an aptness is used to escape from high shear regions, which may be caused either by flow perturbations, produced by a large predator (i.e., fish larvae), or by the inherent highly turbulent dynamics of the ocean. The research presented this thesis goes into three steps. Firstly, recorded velocity tracks of copepods displaying escape response jumps in still water are used to define and tune a Lagrangian copepod (LC) model. Secondly, the model is further employed to simulate the behavior of thousands of copepods in a fully developed hydrodynamic turbulent flow obtained by direct numerical simulation of the Navier-Stokes equations. Thirdly, numerical data analysis is performed to quantify copepods’ dynamics in turbulence and make a comparison with available experimental observations of copepods in turbulence.Through a combined experimental and numerical study, we investigate the impact of jumping behavior on the small-scale patchiness of copepods in a turbulent environment. We further investigate the effect of jump intensity, jump orientation, jump latency time and geometrical aspect ratio of the copepods on the small-scale spatial distribution. At last, possible ecological implications of the observed clustering on encounter rates and mating success are provided
Nironi, Chiara. "Concentration fluctuations of a passive scalar in a turbulent boundary layer." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00964852.
Full textBozon, Nicolas. "Coupling atmospheric dispersion model and Geographical Information Systems : application to pesticide spray drift." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20255.
Full textAtmospheric pollution due to agricultural pesticide for viticulture is a major concern today, regarding both public health, sustainable agriculture and ecosystems quality monitoring. Atmospheric dispersion modeling and the use of geographic information systems allow us to spatially quantify the atmospheric pollution on a given area. This thesis is based on the coupling of an atmospheric dispersion model and a geographic information system, in order to predict and map atmospheric pollution after pesticide spraying applications. Implementations of digital elevation models and scale changes into the reduced order modeling are described and illustrated. The resulting simulation platform is presented as a Quantum GIS software plugin, thus exploring the Open Source GIS capabilities to implement complex physical models. The platform is finally used on a typical Souther French wine-growing area, and a pollution risk analysis scenario is proposed
Dupuy, Clément. "Analyse et conception d'outils pour la traçabilité de produits agroalimentaires afin d'optimiser la dispersion des lots de fabrication." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0047/these.pdf.
Full textIn the last decape, tracability has become an essential component in the requests of industry clients, specially in food industries. Today these industries are conscious of the necessity to set up accurate, fast and reliability tracability systems. Even if investment return is difficult to evaluate, a tracability system is essential for assuring quality to processes, for winning new markets or for surviving in case of food safety crisis. In face of this statement, industrials have difficulties for analysing, conceiving and setting up coherent and effective systems to answer clients necessity. In this these, we propose methods and tools in order to answer to these problems. We used existing works from literature and also our experience in agroalimentary industry. Our work has been made in collaboration with Aoste group, ham and sausage producer, during an IT project. The aim of this project was to set up an integrated information system to optimise products tracability. First, we propose a state of the art about tracability in food industry and about the tools used to obtain it. Then we propose models about the product flow tracability and the tracability recording process. Finally we present a mathematical model to optimise tracability in a special case: assembling and disassembling bill of materials
Jabbour, Daas. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation de la dispersion en champ lointain suite à un rejet accidentel d'un polluant miscible dans un cours d'eau : application à la gestion de crise." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX11003.
Full textRuiz-Gazen, Anne. "Estimation robuste d'une matrice de dispersion et projections révélatrices." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30008.
Full textRodriguez, Romain. "Etude expérimentale de la dispersion de particules ultrafines dans le sillage de modèles simplifiés de véhicules automobiles." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0032/document.
Full textAround 7 million worldwide annual death sare due to air pollution. Among all pollutants, UltrafineParticles (UFP) cause strong adverse effects. Due to road transport, UFP exposure reaches its most significant levels in urban areas. In this thesis, the aim is to assess the links between the wake flow properties of simplified car models(Ahmed bodies) and UFP number concentration fields due to exhaust emission. This study enables the knowledge about UFP exposure levels of all road users at vehicle wake scale to be better understood. Three simplified car models with three corresponding rear slant angles have been used in order to reproduce the principal wake structures of road vehicles in a wind tunnel. Thanks to an innovative data processing method, velocity measurements with two techniques(LDV/PIV) point out the major role of the rear slantangle on the model wake structures. Moreover, comparisons have been made with particle number concentration measurements of UFP in the wake of the same models. We highlighted the link between the volume of the toric recirculation region close to the rear and the vertical dispersion of UFP. Furthermore, longitudinal vortices that exist with the intermediate rear slant angle geometry play an important role on the transversal dispersion as well as on the concentration field symetry
Grimaud, Agnès. "Modélisation stochastique et estimation de la dispersion du pollen de maïs.Estimation dans des modèles à volatilité stochastique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011584.
Full textDans la seconde partie, on s'intéresse à des modèles à volatilité stochastique «mean-reverting», souvent utilisés en économie. Le processus observé est fonction d'une diffusion non observable dont on souhaite estimer les paramètres. Une méthode d'estimation à deux pas basée sur la structure ARMA(1,1) du processus est proposée, en utilisant un estimateur de moments et un contraste de Whittle. Des simulations sont réalisées afin de comparer cette méthode avec d'autres méthodes existantes. Ensuite un paramètre dit «leverage» est ajouté et un modèle discrétisé est étudié. Un critère auxiliaire est proposé pour estimer les paramètres à l'aide d'une méthode d'inférence indirecte. Enfin des simulations sont réalisées pour évaluer leurs performances.
Grimaud, Agnès. "Modélisation et estimation de la dispersion du pollen de maïs : estimation dans des modèles à volatilité stochastique." Paris 7, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011584.
Full textSchmitt, Nikolai. "Méthodes Galerkin discontinues pour la simulation et la calibration de modèles de dispersion non-locaux en nanophotonique." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4066.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is the study of problems and applications as they arise in the field of nanophotonics. More speci cally, we consider noble metal structures where local dispersion models are insu cient and nonlocality has to be included in the model. Here, the underlying physical system is typically modeled as Maxwell’s equations coupled to spatio- temporal dispersion laws in the regime of optical wavelengths. While analytical solutions can be derived for a small number of problems, this is typically not possible for real-world devices, which often feature complicated geometries and material compositions. Following a rigorous analysis of the physical and mathematical properties of the original continuous model, we propose a high order finite element type method for discretizing the continuous model in space and time. Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods are well established for the spatial discretization of Maxwell’s equations. This thesis extends previous work on the coupled systems of Maxwell’s equations and spatial dispersion laws. We use explicit high-order Runge-Kutta (RK) methods for the subsequent time discretiz- ation. RK time integration guarantees a high space-time convergence order of the fully-discrete scheme, which is underpinned by a sketch of a convergence proof. Message Passing Interface (MPI) parallelization, curvilinear elements and Perfectly Matched Layers (PMLs) round of implementation aspects and performance assessments in the scope of the Software developed at Inria Sophia Antipolis-Méditerannée (DIOGENeS). The developed method is applied to numerous real-world nanophotonics simulations of devices where observables like re ectance, Cross Section (CS) and Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) are studied. Inter alia, we elaborate a roadmap for a robust experimental calibration of the linearized nonlocal disper- sion model based on the solution of inverse problems and Uncertainty Quanti cation (UQ) of stochastic geometric parameters. We also find improved agreements of nonlocal numerical simulations and exper- imental results for the gap-plasmon resonance of silver nano-cubes. This demonstrates the relevance of accurate nonlocal simulations
Klein, Amélie. "Analyse du profil vertical de l'ozone dans la basse troposphère à Paris." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2018SORUS192.pdf.
Full textSurface ozone measurements are not sufficient to understand the mechanisms of ozone formation in the lower troposphere. In this study, we have used instruments from the QUALAIR station, located in Paris center, that can measure vertical profiles of ozone, atmospheric dynamics parameters, and integrated contents of NO2 in the lowermost troposphere. First, a statistical analysis, using four years of ground based ozone LIDAR measurements (2011-2014), is done to understand the mechanisms responsible for the vertical gradient and the seasonal cycle of ozone in Paris. Then, in order to better assess the influence of transport on the spatial and temporal evolution of ozone, we focus on the results obtained from an instrumental campaign, organized in Paris, and during which continuous measurements of ozone, wind and turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer were performed. The results show the impact of the entrainment of the residual layer into the mixed layer on the surface ozone variability in the morning at the local scale. A Lagrangian particle dispersion model (FLEXPART-WRF) is used to better assess the impact of the nocturnal transport of a clean ozone layer via nocturnal low level jets from Paris on the surface ozone evolution at the regional scale. Finally, a one dimensional chemical transport model (PACT 1D) is used to quantify the influence of vertical transport versus photochemistry on the evolution of boundary layer ozone during daytime
Devaux, Céline. "Modélisation et estimation de la dispersion efficace du pollen de colza à longue distance, dans un paysage agricole et dans un champ." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112173.
Full textThis study aimed at building spatially explicit models of oilseed rape pollen dispersal to estimate dispersal kernels and conclude on the proportion of long-distance pollination. These dispersal kernels, that describe the probability of a pollen grain to fertilize a plant at a given distance, were estimated using data collected in a french production area (selommes, loir-et-cher) of 100 km² and containing 170 oilseed rape fields. First male-sterile plants were scattered in the study area to collect pollen grains. Then the genotypes of these pollen grains were retrieved using microsatellite markers. Dispersal kernels were estimated by maximising the likelihood of the genetic data under a mating model adapted to cultivated species. Results of this study showed that (1) sampled pollen clouds were diverse and differentiated, (2) these pollen clouds originated from close and distant fields (several hundred meters) and (3) half of the pollen clouds originated from pollen sources whose position and composition could not be precisely determined. The best-fitted dispersal kernel in this study (geometric) predicts much more long-distance pollination than the exponential functions that are commonly used and than dispersal kernels that were previously fitted within a field. The best-fitted kernel here was then (partially) validated by using it to predict cross-pollination rates observed in twelve canadian sites consisting of commercial fields of several hundred hectares
Gagnon, Pierre-Louis. "Modélisation de la dispersion chromatique et de l'atténuation dans les fibres microstructurées à cœur suspendu." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27150.
Full textGuérard, Nicolas. "Mesure de la dispersion de la repolarisation ventriculaire et évaluation de la proparythmogénicité des médicaments : developpement d'un modéle de coeur isolé de lapin." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN3106.
Full textTorsade de Pointes (TdP), potentially lethal ventricular tachycardia, are associated with a prolongation of ventricular repolarization and an inhibition of IKr. Transmural dispersion (TDR) and velocity of repolarization are also predictive indices for TdP. These parameters can be modulated by IKs, involved in the repolarization reserve concept. Apico-basal (AB) dispersion of repolarization is less referenced. The effects of a reduced repolarization reserve and AB dispersion on TDR have been assessed in a Langendorff model of isolated rabbit heart 1) recording monophasic action potential with d,l-sotalol and quinidine (± 20 µM chromanol 293B; CHRO; IKs inhibitor), haloperidol and E4031; 2) we developed a module analyzing unipolar electrograms (TRI) from base to apex and from endocardium (endo) to epicardium (epi) with E4031 and d,l-sotalol or quinidine (± CHRO). Our results show that IKr block (i) increase MAP triangulation, (ii) induce TdP at maximum MAP triangulation, (iii) prolong homogeneously TRI and Tp from endo to epi and from base to apex. Inhibition of IKr and IKs (i) reinforce MAP triangulation, (ii) increase TdP incidence, (iii) increase the prolongation effects on TRI at base and epi. IKr inhibition induces (i) a slowing of final repolarization, (ii) a homogeneous prolongation of repolarization. Concomitant IKs block increase TdP incidence by slowing final repolarization and reveals the AB component of dispersion of repolarization. Prolongation of repolarization and triangulation are observed at concentrations corresponding to plamatic levels inducing TdP in clinic. The AB dispersion of repolarization should be considered in the evaluation of drug torsadogenicity
De, Melo Lisboa Henrique. "Contribution à la mise en oeuvre et à la validation de modèles de dispersion atmosphérique applicables aux composés odorants." Pau, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PAUU3033.
Full textPrzygodzki, Christophe. "Étude des processus paramétriques en régime femtoseconde et application à la mesure de la dispersion des cristaux anisotropes." Littoral, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DUNK0014.
Full textOptical parameters processes allows to widen the tuning range of current laser sources by the use of Sum Frequency generation (SFG) or Difference Frequency Generation (DFG). In a sub-picosecond range (100 fs) interaction, one must take into account the specific nonlinear and dispersive properties of the medium as well as the pulses’ characteristics. Thus, the corresponding classical model provides a system of coupled nonlinear equations that possesses no simple analytic solution and requires a numerical approach. A stability analysis of the DFG process has underlined the importance of the phases during the interaction. In fact, two stationary points corresponding to SFG and DFG can coexist on different temporal fractions on the fields. This phenomenon (back-conversion) has been emphasized in a numerical simulation with 100 fs pulses, which leads to pulses sequences on the pump and idler waves. We have shown the generic nature of this behavior by a temporal scale rule allowing the comparison between the dynamics in fs and in ps. These results have been supported by an experiment in a degenerate case. Moreover, two new techniques using parametric pulsed sources have been developed for dispersion determination in anisotropic crystals. The temporal method is based on time of flight measurement in the medium allows a direct determination of the group velocity, while the other measures the features of the fringes obtained by spectral interference in a Mach-Zender interferometer
Verhaegen, Julien. "Modélisation multiphasique d'écoulements et de phénomènes de dispersion issus d'explosion." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10028/document.
Full textThis work focuses on modeling the formation and the dispersion of a cloud of droplets, induced by ejection of a liquid, resulting from an external aggression or an accidental situation. The goal is to build a model able to reproduce simultaneously the conditions which generate the cloud formation and the cloud evolution in time (dispersion). The main difficulty lies in the differences between the already existing models adapted to the description of flows which are able to characterize each stage of the global phenomenon: initially a multiphase flow model with compressible phases (Continuum), then the atomization and the formation of a cloud of droplets dispersed in a carrier phase (dilute flow model). We propose a new approach to achieve an effective coupling between these two models. The problem of the formation and the dispersion of the liquid requires to take into account several physical phenomena: atomization, heat and mass transfers and drag between phases. These phenomena are included in the global model through interaction terms involved in the systems of equations. The construction of this model has permited the realization of calculations describing the formation and dispersion of a cloud of droplets which may occur during, for axample, in accidental situations at industrial sites
Ciss, Mamadou. "Modélisation spatio-temporelle de la multiplication-dispersion du puceron des épis du blé à l'échelle de la France." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NSARG012.
Full textThe grain aphid Sitobion avenae is a major agricultural pest in Western Europe. It causes occasionnaly strong demages during spring, decreasing yield up to several tons by hectare in case of large build up. The overgrowths are difficult to forecast and many insecticide sprays are unjustified. Therefore it is important to design a spatially explicit Decision Support System (DSS) in order to optimize insecticide treatments use. In a first step, we deterministically developed a mathematical model based on convection-diffusion-reaction equations, representing aphid population dynamics from the beginning of the spring to mid-summer. Secondly the parameters of the model (growth rate, landing rate, take-off rate, diffusion coefficient and initial conditions) were estimated from field data between- 1975 to 2011, or taken from the literature. Finally, numerical simulations at France scale described a both spatial and temporal irregular wave by considering agro-climatic factors in the landscape (winter and spring temperatures, winter wheat surfaces and wheat phenology) and their variations at a 25 km2 scale
Dargent, Christine. "Contribution à la modélisation de la dispersion de polluants : étude de sillages autour d'obstacles de forme parallélépipédique." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT053H.
Full textIstasse, Eric. "Contribution à l'étude de la dispersion hydrodynamique et de son couplage à la convection naturelle en milieux poreux modèles fracturés." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211181.
Full textTrois problèmes physiques sont étudiés: tout d’abord le problème de Horton-Rodgers-Lapwood qui est l’équivalent du très connu problème de Rayleigh-Bénard mais pour un milieu poreux, ensuite les phénomènes de dispersion hydrodynamique que l’on rencontre dans des écoulements multiphasiques. Cette dispersion hydrodynamique est essentiellement envisagée comme un processus macroscopique de diffusion, renforcé par rapport à la diffusion moléculaire que l’on rencontre en milieu fluide libre. Enfin, le troisième problème englobe les écoulements capillaires en milieux poreux en environnement de pesanteur réduite. Dans le cas d’écoulements immiscibles multiphasiques, il faut prendre en considération l’effet de la tension superficielle aux interfaces. Comme les effets capillaires sont partiellement masqués par les effets de pesanteur durant des expériences au sol, une étude précise des effets de mouillage dans ces écoulements en milieu poreux nécessite de les découpler au maximum des autres effets physiques. Un programme de recherche en microgravité a été réalisé, et un nouveau modèle mathématique qui prend en compte l’influence des forces capillaires a été élaboré dans le cadre d’une collaboration entre le Service de Chimie-Physique et le Prof. N.N. Smirnov du Département de Mécanique et de Mathématique de l’Université d’Etat de Moscou.
La structure de ce travail part du Chapitre 1, qui présente essentiellement les milieux poreux et leurs spécificités. Ce dernier introduit le formalisme et les concepts nécessaires au traitement des trois problèmes de recherche envisagés. Le Chapitre 2 présente ensuite une étude bibliographique du problème de Horton-Rodgers-Lapwood et des phénomènes de dispersion hydrodynamique en milieux poreux. Le Chapitre 3 est consacré à l’effet Christiansen. Le Chapitre 4 présente les dispositifs de laboratoire mis au point, ainsi qu’une compilation des résultats expérimentaux obtenus. Les problèmes d’écoulements capillaires sont exposés au Chapitre 5, étant donné que la technique expérimentale est différente de celle basée sur l’effet Christiansen. Ce Chapitre compare le nouveau modèle mathématique aux résultats des expériences menées en microgravité durant de nombreuses campagnes de vols paraboliques. Le Chapitre 6 referme ce travail par ses conclusions et perspectives.
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
JAROSZ, Nathalie. "Étude de la dispersion atmosphérique du pollen de maïs : contribution à la maîtrise des risques de pollinisation croisée." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007521.
Full textmaïs, face auxquelles les croisements intervariétaux nécessitent d'être maîtrisés. En particulier, la coexistence entre maïs transgénique et non transgénique est actuellement au
cœur du débat scientifique. Pour répondre à cette question, l'approche actuelle est de mesurer directement la fécondation croisée. Cependant, elle ne permet pas de fournir un outil prédictif car elle ne fait pas le lien avec les conditions de l'environnement physique, et plus particulièrement les conditions météorologiques. L'objet de ce travail est de mieux comprendre les processus de dispersion atmosphérique du pollen de maïs à l''aide d''une approche mécaniste à l'échelle de la parcelle. Dans un premier temps, un modèle mécaniste initialement développé pour étudier la dispersion atmosphérique de l'ammoniac a été adapté à la dispersion du pollen de maïs. Ensuite, pour valider le modèle, des mesures dispersion de pollen ont été effectuées.
Baehr, Christophe. "Modélisation probabiliste des écoulements atmosphériques turbulents afin d'en filtrer la mesure par approche particulaire." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00330360.
Full textVoitus, Fabrice. "Étude de la faisabilité des conditions aux limites latérales bien posées et transparentes dans la dynamique des modèles Aladin et Arome." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/843/.
Full textRavigné, Virginie. "Etude théorique des évolutions conjointes de traits : les exemples de la spécialisation écologique et de la dispersion chez les plantes." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20200.
Full text