Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modèles de champ de phase'
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Doumbé, Bangola Brice Landry. "Étude de modèles de champ de phase de type Caginalp." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2260/document.
Full textThis thesis report is dedicated to the study of Caginalp type phase-field Models. Here, we consider two models: the first one being a generalization of the field phase Caginalp based on a generalization of the Maxwell-Cattaneo law and the second one coming from the theory of heat conduction involving two temperatures. We study the first model in bounded (with regular and irregular potentials) and unbounded (i.e. R3) domains. The second model is a phase-field one with coupling term (linear and nonlinear). Firstly, the existence, uniqueness and regularity of solutions are analyzed by means of classical arguments. Secondly, the existence of bounded absorbing sets and attractive compact is established. Such results ensures the existence of the global attractor. Finally, in some cases, the existence of exponential attractors, as well as the spatial behavior of solutions when the spatial domain is a three-dimensional semi-infinite cylinder, are analyzed
Nguyen, Khac Lan. "Modèles de champ de phase et modèles Lattice Boltzmann pour la segmentation 3D de tumeurs en imagerie ultrasons hautes fréquences." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LAROS011.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested in the problem of 3D segmentation of skin tumors in high frequency ultrasound images. We focus mainly on two questions: how best to estimate the volume of tumors (in accordance with references produced by dermatologists) and how to produce algorithms whose computation times are close to real time? First, we describe a new model, log-likelihood Cahn-Hilliard (LLCH), based on a variational formulation coupling a data attachment term computed from non-parametric estimates and a regularization term derived from a phase transition dynamic (Allen Cahn reaction diffusion equation). This model is tested with a first multigrid implementation using exact solutions calculated with a Lie splitting. Secondly, we are interested in the possibility of implementing the LLCH model using lattice Boltzmann methods (LBM). The underlying dynamic is not physical in nature, so this implementation is not direct and is subject to instability problems. We show that, due to the specificities of the data attachment term, the BGK schemes, with simple relaxation time, do not ensure sufficient stability. We then use MRT schemes, with multiple relaxation times, which allow us to gain stability by introducing additional parameters. The adjustment of the so-called quartic parameters makes it possible to obtain fourth-order exact schemes that are numerically stable. Tests performed on a clinical database with ground truth provided by dermatologists show that the results obtained with the two proposed implementations are much better than those obtained with level sets methods and that our model is a good alternative to overcome the problem of underestimation of tumor volume. The computation times, for 3D images of about 70 million voxels, are very short and well adapted for practical use in medical environments
Ruyer, Pierre. "Modèle de champ de phase pour l'étude de l'ébulition." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002308.
Full textDUPAIX, CEDRIC. "Étude analytique et numérique de quelques problèmes à frontière libre et modèles de champ de phase." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112001.
Full textSerhir, Mohammed. "Développement de modèles de rayonnement electromagnétique à partir d'un mesure en champ proche spérique." Rennes, INSA, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ISAR0031.
Full textIn our studies we present a new and accurate method to derive an antenna equivalent behavioral model. This method is based on pherical near-field data (measured or computed) to ascertain an equivalent set of infinitesimal dipoles which reproduce the same antenna radiation field, both in the near field and in the far field regions. These are paced over the minimum sphere surrounding the antenna or eventually placed over the main antenna radiating sources. A spherical wave expansion of the near field data is written in terms of infinitesimal dipoles using a transition matrix. This matrix expresses the linear relations between the transmission coefficients of the antenna and the transmission matrix of each dipole. The antenna a priori information can be used to set the spatial distribution of the equivalent dipoles. The translational and rotational addition theorems are used to derive the transmission coefficieints of the dipoles. Once the excitation of each dipole is known, the equivalent model can emulate the antenna behaviour in various environments. Computations with EM simulation data of various antennas illustrate the reliability and the accuracy of the method
Grousson, Mathieu. "Etude théorique de modèles avec frustration coulombienne : diagramme de phase, propriétés dynamiques, relation avec la transition vitreuse des liquides." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066551.
Full textHansen, Hubert. "Méthodes non-perturbatives en théorie quantique des champs : au-delà du champ moyen, l'approximation de la phase aléatoire." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003814.
Full textEn se plaçant au-delà du champ moyen où seules sont prises en compte les corrélations entre une particule et un potentiel "moyen" à un corps, la RPA va permettre de rajouter dans le calcul de l'état fondamental des corrélations entre particules.
Afin de mettre en place le formalisme, on applique la RPA, sons différentes formes (standard, renormalisée, en termes de fonctions de Green), à l'une des plus simples théories des champs en interaction, la théorie scalaire lambda x phi^4. On montre qu'il se produit une transition de phase due à une brisure dynamique de symétrie dont le paramètre critique se rapproche des résultats obtenus sur réseaux et par la technique des "clusters". Les résultats sont aussi présentés à température finie pour le champ moyen.
On étudie également un modèle effectif réaliste de la transition de phase chirale, le modèle sigma-linéaire et on montre que le théorème de Goldstone est restauré, contrairement à l'approximation gaussienne.
Enfin pour éclaircir quelques points de la RPA et, aller au-delà des corrélations obtenues dans la forme renormalisée, on considère l'oscillateur anharmonique en mécanique quantique, en introduisant les corrélations minimales au-delà du champ moyen et on montre que les corrélations RPA améliorent grandement le résultat obtenu en champ moyen.
Pouzet, Eric. "Influence du champ de pesanteur sur le fonctionnement d'une boucle fluide diphasique à pompage thermocapillaire. Expérimentation et modélisation." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30228.
Full textLaporte, Eric. "Application de la méthode d'analyse en boucle ouverte à la conception d'oscillateurs à résonateur diélectrique et contrôlé en tension en bande X, à très faible bruit de phase." Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO0015.
Full textForbes, Florence. "Modèles markoviens de ressources partagées." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004991.
Full textBayle, Raphaël. "Simulation des mécanismes de changement de phase dans des mémoires PCM avec la méthode multi-champ de phase." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX035.
Full textPhase change memories (PCM) exploit the variation of resistance of a small volume of phase change material: the binary information is coded through the amorphous or crystalline phase of the material. The phase change is induced by an electrical current, which heats the material by the Joule effect. Because of its fast and congruent crystallization, theGe2Sb2Te5 alloy is widely used for PCM. Nevertheless, to get a better reliability at high temperatures, which is required e.g. for automotive applications, STMicroelectronics uses a Ge-rich GeSbTe alloy. In this alloy, chemical segregation and appearance of a new crystalline phase occur during crystallization. The distribution of phases and alloy components are critical for the proper functioning of the memory cell; thus, predictive simulations would be extremely useful. Phase field models are used for tracking interfaces between areas occupied by different phases. In this work, a multi-phase field model allowing simulating the distribution of phases and species in Ge-rich GeSbTe has been developed. The parameters of the model have been determined using available data on this alloy. Two types of simulations have been carried out, firstly to describe crystallization during annealing of initially amorphous deposited thin layer; secondly to follow the evolution of phase distribution during memory operation using temperature fields that are typical for those operations. Comparisons between simulations and experiments show that they both exhibit the same features
Peng, Ting. "New higher-order active contour models, shape priors, and multiscale analysis : their applications to road network extraction from very high resolution satellite images." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4031.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to develop and validate robust approaches for the semi-automatic extraction of road networks in dense urban areas from very high resolution (VHR) optical satellite images. Our models are based on the recently developed higher-order active contour (HOAC) phase field framework. The problem is difficult for two main reasons : HR images are intrinsically complex and network regions may have arbitrary topology. To tackle the complexity of the information contained in VHR images, we propose a multiresolution statistical data model and a multiresolution constrained prior model. They enable the integration of segmentation results from coarse resolution and fine resolution. Subsequently, for the particular case of road map updating, we present a specific shape prior model derived from and outdated GIS digital map. This specific prior term balances the effect of the generic prior knowledge carried by the HOAC model, which describes the geometric shape of road networks in general. However, the classical of curvature, thereby providing a poor model of networks with straight narrow branches or highly cured, wide branches. We solve this problem by introducing two new models : one with an additional nonlinear nonlocal HOAC term, and one with an additional linear nonlocal HOAC term. Both terms allow separate control of branch width and branch curvature, and furnish better prolongation for the same width, but the linear term has several advantages : it is more efficient from a computational standpoint, and it is able to conditions for a long bar with a given width described by these energies, and hence show how to choose rigorously the parameters of he energy functions. Experiments on VHR satellite images and comparisons with other approaches demonstrate the superiority of our models
Michelet, Jordan. "Extraction du fouillis de mer dans des images radar marin cohérent : modèles de champ de phases, méthodes de Boltzmann sur réseau, apprentissage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS048.
Full textWe focus on the problem of sea clutter extraction in marine radar images. The aim is to develop image processing methods allowing us to avoid assumptions about the nature of the sea clutter and the signal of interest. On the one hand, we propose an original algorithm based on a variational approach : a multiphase model with diffuse interface. The results obtained show that the algorithm is efficient when the signal of interest has a sufficiently large signal-to-clutter ratio. On the other hand, we focus on the implementation of lattice Boltzmann schemes for convection-diffusion problems with non-constant advection velocity and non-zero source term. We describe the computation of the consistency obtained by asymptotic analysis at the acoustic scale and with a multiple relaxation time collision operator, and study the stability of these schemes in a particular case. The obtained results show that the proposed schemes allow removing the residual noise and to enhance the signal of interest on the image obtained with the first method. Finally, we propose a learning method allowing us to avoid assumptions on the nature of the signal of interest. Indeed, in addition to the variational approach, we propose an algorithm based on pulse-Doppler processing when the signal of interest is exo-clutter and has a low signal-to-clutter ratio. The results obtained from the proposed double auto-encoder, being comparable to the results provided by each of the two methods, allow validating this approach
Vaury, Emmanuelle. "Modélisation distribuée des sources de bruit basse fréquence dans les transistors à effet de champ : application à la conception d'oscillateurs à faible bruit de phase." Limoges, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIMO0009.
Full textAssfeld, Xavier. "Etude théorique de réactions chimiques en phase liquide à l'aide du modèle du champ de réaction auto-cohérent." Nancy 1, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1994_0071_ASSFELD.pdf.
Full textGalerne, Bruno. "Modèles d'image aléatoires et synthèse de texture." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00567314.
Full textSavatier, François. "Dynamique du modèle des sacs : application à la transition de phase de déconfinement." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20205.
Full textRennane, Abdelali. "Caractérisation et modélisation du bruit basse fréquence des composants bipolaires et à effet de champ pour applications micro-ondes." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30236.
Full textThis thesis deals mainly with electrical noise in microwave silicon germanium (SiGe) and gallium nitride (GaN) field effect transistors (HEMT’s) and SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT’s). The organisation of this memory is as follows, in first chapter, we remember the important properties of excess noise sources encountered in these type devices. In addition, we describe the measurement set-ups used for static and noise characterization. In the second and third chapters, a thoroughful analysis of the noise dependence on frequency, bias, and geometry of both SiGe and GaN HEMT’s, has been carried out, specifically, the input and output current noise sources respectively iG and iD and their correlation. This in combination with static characterization, allowed to identify the different noise sources present in these devices and their supposed origin. .
Vallet, François. "Thermodynamique unidimensionnelle et structures bidimensionnelles de quelques modèles pour des systèmes incommensurables." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066151.
Full textTanne, Erwan. "Variational phase-field models from brittle to ductile fracture : nucleation and propagation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX088/document.
Full textPhase-field models, sometimes referred to as gradient damage, are widely used methods for the numerical simulation of crack propagation in brittle materials. Theoretical results and numerical evidences show that they can predict the propagation of a pre-existing crack according to Griffith’s criterion. For a one- dimensional problem, it has been shown that they can predict nucleation upon a critical stress, provided that the regularization parameter is identified with the material’s internal characteristic length.In this work, we draw on numerical simulations to study crack nucleation in commonly encountered geometries for which closed-form solutions are not available. We use U- and V-notches to show that the nucleation load varies smoothly from the one predicted by a strength criterion to the one of a toughness criterion when the strength of the stress concentration or singularity varies. We present validation and verification of numerical simulations for both types of geometries. We consider the problem of an elliptic cavity in an infinite or elongated domain to show that variational phase field models properly account for structural and material size effects.In a second movement, this model is extended to hydraulic fracturing. We present a validation of the model by simulating a single fracture in a large domain subject to a control amount of fluid. Then we study an infinite network of pressurized parallel cracks. Results show that the stimulation of a single fracture is the best energy minimizer compared to multi-fracking case. The last example focuses on fracturing stability regimes using linear elastic fracture mechanics for pressure driven fractures in an experimental geometry used in petroleum industry which replicates a situation encountered downhole with a borehole called burst experiment.The last part of this work focuses on ductile fracture by coupling phase-field models with perfect plasticity. Based on the variational structure of the problem we give a numerical implementation of the coupled model for parallel computing. Simulation results of a mild notch specimens are in agreement with the phenomenology of ductile fracture such that nucleation and propagation commonly reported in the literature
Tiwari, Vaishnvi. "A consistent approach for coupling lumped-parameter and phase-field models for in-vessel corium to thermodynamic databases." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX087.
Full textThis Ph.D. thesis is focused on ensuring a thermodynamically consistent representation of in-vessel corium (a high temperature mixture of molten reactor core and structural materials, described as a U-O-Zr-steel system) in the coupled thermohydraulic-thermochemical models that are used for performing Severe Accident (SA) analysis of nuclear Light Water Reactors (LWRs); in particular, the In-Vessel Melt Retention (IVMR) Strategy. In this context, the use of a thermodynamic database obtained by the CALPHAD method seems relevant by providing closures and inputs to the thermohydraulic and thermochemical models respectively. These databases consist of models for Gibbs energy functions of the possible phases for a system that can be used to obtain the equilibrium thermodynamic description for the system as well as material thermodynamic properties for out-of-equilibrium conditions.Through this work, a systematic approach for ensuring extensive utilization of CALPHAD data in the coupled models has been developed, and the associated questions have been answered for ‘mock-up’ macroscopic and mesoscopic models developed for describing some of the phenomena pertaining to in-vessel corium behaviour.As a first step, the feasibility of using CALPHAD based closures (in the form of enthalpy-temperature relations and local equilibrium conditions) has been tested on the macroscopic model developed using the lumped parameter approach. Considering the ternary U-O-Zr system, this model describes the plane front solidification process at the boundary of a molten corium pool. The second part of the work is focused on the development of a general formulation for diffuse interface models under the phase-field approach, which can be used to simulate the kinetics of various thermochemical processes under non-isothermal conditions such as solidification and phase segregation. The questions related to the thermodynamic consistency of the model as well as its parameterization (in particular with respect to the up-scaling of the interface thickness) have been addressed and the numerical results have been discussed for binary U-Zr and U-O systems under isothermal conditions
Li, Tianyi. "Gradient-damage modeling of dynamic brittle fracture : variational principles and numerical simulations." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX042/document.
Full textIn civil engineering, mechanical integrity of the reinforced concrete structures under severe transient dynamic loading conditions is of paramount importance for safety and calls for an accurate assessment of structural behaviors in presence of dynamic crack propagation. In this work, we focus on the constitutive modeling of concrete regarded as an elastic-damage brittle material. The strain localization evolution is governed by a gradient-damage approach where a scalar field achieves a smeared description of dynamic fracture phenomena. The contribution of the present work is both theoretical and numerical. We propose a variationally consistent formulation of dynamic gradient damage models. A formal definition of several energy release rate concepts in the gradient damage model is given and we show that the dynamic crack tip equation of motion is governed by a generalized Griffith criterion. We then give an efficient numerical implementation of the model based on a standard finite-element spatial discretization and the Newmark time-stepping methods in a parallel computing framework. Simulation results of several problems are discussed both from a computational and physical point of view. Different damage constitutive laws and tension-compression asymmetry formulations are compared with respect to their aptitude to approximate brittle fracture. Specific properties of the dynamic gradient damage model are investigated for different phases of the crack evolution: nucleation, initiation, propagation, arrest, kinking and branching. Comparisons with experimental results are also performed in order to validate the model and indicate its further improvement
Zhao, Zhao. "Identification d'une nouvelle phase d'hydrure de zirconium et modélisation à l'échelle mésoscopique de sa précipitation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10166/document.
Full textLn pile, zirconium alloys in contact with the primary medium are submitted to hydrogen absorption that has significant consequences on their thermodynamic, mechanical and corrosion behaviors. Therefore, hydrogen in solid solution or hydrides precipitation can affect Zirconium alloys behaviors during service but also in long term storage and in accidental conditions. For both fundamentals aspects and safety reasons it is important te understand the precipitation process and to predict the influence various parameters like temperature, stresses, cooling rates and microstructure may have. Numerical modeling at the mesoscopic scale is an appealing approach to describe the precipitation and the "phase field" method appears to be particularly weil suited. The achievement of a realistic mesoscopic modeling should take into account an accurate kinetic, thermodynamic and structural data base in order to properly describe hydride nucleation, growth and coalescence as weil as hydride interaction with externat stresses. Such a data base relies on experimental data that are not always available; this is the reason why an accu rate structural characterization was performed. Therefore transmission electron microscopy observations were carried out on Zircaloy 4 specimens with various H contents. From this study, a new hydride phase called <, coherent with the matrix, was identified
Leclaire, Arthur. "Champs à phase aléatoire et champs gaussiens pour la mesure de netteté d’images et la synthèse rapide de textures." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05S002/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the Fourier phase structure of natural images, and addresses no-reference sharpness assessment and fast texture synthesis by example. In Chapter 2, we present several models of random fields in a unified framework, like the spot noise model and the Gaussian model, with particular attention to the spectral representation of these random fields. In Chapter 3, random phase models are used to perform by-example synthesis of microtextures (textures with no salient features). We show that a microtexture can be summarized by a small image that can be used for fast and flexible synthesis based on the spot noise model. Besides, we address microtexture inpainting through the use of Gaussian conditional simulation. In Chapter 4, we present three measures of the global Fourier phase coherence. Their link with the image sharpness is established based on a theoretical and practical study. We then derive a stochastic optimization scheme for these indices, which leads to a blind deblurring algorithm. Finally, in Chapter 5, after discussing the possibility of direct phase analysis or synthesis, we propose two non random phase texture models which allow for synthesis of more structured textures and still have simple mathematical guarantees
Slimani, Ahmed. "Aspects spatio-temporels de la transition de spin : étude par microscopie optique et modèle électro-élastique." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS0035.
Full textThis work presents the results of investigations of the spin transition on single crystals of iron(II) compounds. Observations by optical microscopy allowed to follow in real time the germination and growth of spin domains as well as the propagation of the macroscopic interface. A careful analysis of these observations allowed to discuss the spatiotemporal aspects of the interface propagation, and a multiscale mechanism of the transition was proposed. The study of a robust binuclear system provided the possibility of creating and controlling the motion of the interface by external excitations and gave a direct access to the equilibrium temperature. Finally, an electro-elastic model giving access to the displacement and deformation fields was proposed, the first results of which are encouraging, and consistent with the experimental data
Bouobda, Moladje Gabriel Franck. "Contribution à la modélisation par champs de phase des dommages par irradiation dans les alliages métalliques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R004.
Full textThe prediction of the microstructure evolution during irradiation ageing of structural materials of nuclear reactors is a key issue for the nuclear industry. In this work, a phase field approach is used to simulate the microstructure evolution of materials under irradiation conditions at the mesoscopic scale. We are interested at first in the calculations of the sink strength which describes the ability of microstructural defects (dislocations, cavities, etc) to absorb point defects (PDs). These calculations take into account the elastic interactions between point defects and sinks and are performed in pure metals Al, Ni and Fe. Additional precision in the calculations is provided by incorporating in the model the change of the PD migration energy due to the sink strain field, also known as elastodiffusion. PDs are elastically modelled through their elastic dipole tensors and the role of the anisotropy of these dipole tensors at saddle state is investigated. The results show that the PD dipole tensor anisotropy at saddle state is a key parameter in the accurate sink strength calculations. Subsequently, our interest is focused on the development of a PF model of dislocation climb under irradiation. The model allows to simulate dislocation loop growth or shrinkage by absorption of both PDs (vacancies and self-interstitial atoms). The analysis of the validation tests shows the limit of the model, and adjustments are carried out. This new model is applied to simulate the growth of an interstitial loop in pure Fe. The temperature, dislocation density, loop orientation and elastodifusion effects on the loop growth rate are studied. The results show, in particular, an increase of the loop growth rate with the combined effects of the increase of the temperature and the decrease of the dislocation density. The new PF model of dislocation climb under irradiation is also used to simulate the radiation induced segregation (RIS) phenomenon in Fe-Cr alloy near an interstitial dislocation loop during its growth. We show that the RIS prediction depends on the sink mobility and on the surrounding microstructure (multi-sink effects)
Merle, Lucie. "Étude expérimentale et modèle physique d'un écoulement cavitant avec effet thermodynamique." Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0139.
Full textBalboa, lópez Hector. "Simulation of thermomechanical properties of U-PuO2 nuclear fuel under irradiation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX108/document.
Full textThe objective of this doctoral research is to use a numerical approach to study the impact of irradiation damage on the microstructure of the mixed uranium-plutonium oxide fuel (MOX). This numerical approach comprises mainly the use of Molecular Dynamics (MD) using empirical potential. Several empirical potentials for $(U,Pu)O_2$ can be found in the literature. The results of these potentials can exhibit significant differences. For this reason an extensive assessment of the main empirical potential found in the literature had to be performed.Five empirical interatomic potentials were assessed in the approximation of rigid ions and pair interactions for the $(U_{1-y},Pu_y)O_2$ solid solution. Simulations were carried out on the structural, thermodynamics and mechanical properties over the full range of plutonium composition, meaning from pure $UO_2$ to pure $PuO_2$ and for temperatures ranging from 300 K up to the melting point. The best results are obtained by potentials referred as Cooper and Potashnikov. The first one reproduces more accurately recommendations for the thermodynamics and mechanical properties exhibiting ductile-like behaviour during crack propagation, whereas the second one gives brittle behaviour at low temperature.From our results from the empirical potentials assessment, we can move to the radiation damage using only two potentials (Cooper and Potashnikov). In order to know the main source of defect during irradiation, MD displacement cascades were simulated. This revealed the damage created due to varying projectile energies. In addition, the Frenkel pair accumulation method was chosen to investigate the dose effect. This method circumvents the highly computing time demanding accumulation of displacement cascade by directly creating their final states, i.e. mainly point defects. Overall, results obtained with both potentials show the same trend. However, kinetics of point defect recombination are significantly slower with Cooper potential implying creation of small disordered region with high energy displacement cascades. The evolution of the primary damage with increasing dose follows the same steps as those found previously in pure $UO_2$. First, point defects are created. Subsequently, they cluster and form small Frank loops, which in turn transform and grow into unfaulted loops. We demonstrate also that increasing temperatures accelerate the production of dislocations shifting their creation to lower doses. The effect of the plutonium content is also evidenced, especially with Cooper potential. It shows that the dislocation density decreases when the plutonium content increases.Although, MD has been described as a molecular microscope due to its ability to discribe accuratily systems of atoms, it has a large drawback that is the short time steps of the order of femto-seconds needed to resolve the atomic vibrations. This limits the time typically few microsecond. In order to invetigate processess, such as, cation diffusion and rare-event annihilation of defects after cascaces, another computational tool is required. Atomistic or object kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) techniques can run for longer timescales than MD. However, for KMC to work accurately, all of the possible inter-state transition mechanisms and their associated rates need to be known a priori. For this reason, the adaptive kinetic Monte Carlo (AKMC) is chosen to overcome these limitations. This method determines the available transition states during simulation. In this way, it takes the system into unforeseen states via complex mechanisms. The power and range of this tool proved to be efficient to discover cation Frenkel pair recombination over a longer periods of time than MD
Peng, Ting. "Nouveaux modèles de contours actifs d'ordre supérieur, formes «a priori» et analyse multi-échelle : leurs application à l'extraction de réseaux routiers à partir des images satellitaires à très haute résolution." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00349768.
Full textAndre, Philippe. "Conception et réalisation d'oscillateurs intégrés monolithiques micro-ondes à base de transistors sur arséniure de gallium." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00144094.
Full textBouakkaz, Rachid. "Altération aqueuse et hydratation en phase vapeur du verre SON68 à basse température (35-90°C)." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMNA0168/document.
Full textThe SON68 glass is initially altered in dynamic mode under silica rich COx water (42 mg/L) at pH8, high S/V ratio (14000 m⁻¹) and at 35, 50 and 90°C. The results showed that the glass alteration seems to be governed by both diffusion and surface reaction process. The residual rate at 90°C is around 10-4 g.m⁻².d⁻¹. The activation energy is about 70 kJ.mol⁻¹. The dissolution /precipitation and hydrolysis/condensation mechanisms are responsible for the development of the alteration layer. Mg silicates and calcites precipitate at 35 and 50°C, the same phases in addition to powellite and apatite precipitate at 90°C. The results predicted by the model reproduce well experimental data. The glass is then hydrated at temperatures ranging from 35 to 125°C and relative humidity values (RH) between 92 an 99.9%. The glass hydration increases with the temperature and RH, the hydration energy is about 34.2 kJ.mol⁻¹. The alteration layers thicknesses vary between 0.3μm at 35°C and 5μm at 125°C. The alteration layer is depleted in (B, Li, Na) and enriched in (Si, Al, Fe, Zn and Ni). The secondary phases are calcite, powellite, apatite and tobermorite in adition to a hydration gel. The effect of near field materials on the ²⁹Si doped SON68 glass alteration was studied. The presence of steel increases the pH and decreases the Si and Mo concentrations without changing the overall rate of glass corrosion. The Si is retained on the steel corrosion products, its concentration in solution seems to be controlled by the clay dissolution. The glass corrosion in the presence of steel and clay at 90°C leads to the formation of magnetite, siderite, ironsilicates, pure silica, iron sulphur (pyrite, troilite,pyrrhotite and mackinawite), calcite, apatite, powellite and Mg silicates. The modelling results agree well with the experimental data
Flores-Sola, Emilio José. "Les effets de taille finie au-dessus de la dimension critique supérieure." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0337/document.
Full textIn this project finite-size size scaling above the upper critical dimension〖 d〗_c is investigated. Finite-size scaling there has long been poorly understood, especially its dependency on boundary conditions. The violation of the hyperscaling relation above d_c has also been one of the most visible issues. The breakdown in standard scaling is due to the dangerous irrelevant variables presented in the self-interacting term in the ϕ^4 theory, which were considered dangerous to the free energy density and associated thermodynamic functions, but not to the correlation sector. Recently, a modified finite-size scaling scheme has been proposed, which considers that the correlation length actually plays a pivotal role and is affected by dangerous variables too. This new scheme, named QFSS, considers that the correlation length, instead of having standard scaling behaviour ξ~L , scales as ξ~L^ϙ. This pseudocritical exponent is connected to the critical dimension and dangerous variables. Below d_c this exponent takes the value ϙ=1, but above the upper critical dimension it is ϙ=d/d_c. QFSS succeeded in reconciling the mean-field exponents and FSS derived from the renormalisation-group for the models with short-range interactions above d_c with periodic boundary conditions. If ϙ is an universal exponent, the validity of that theory should also hold for the free boundary conditions. Initial tests for such systems faced new problems. Whereas QFSS is valid at pseudocritical points where quantities such as the magnetic susceptibility experience a peak for finite systems, at critical points the standard FSS seemed to prevail, i.e., mean-field exponents with ξ~L. Here, we show that this last picture at critical point is not correct and instead the exponents that applied there actually arise from the Gaussian fixed-point FSS where the dangerous variables are suppressed. To achieve this aim, we study Ising models with long-range interaction, which can be tuned above〖 d〗_c, with periodic and free boundary conditions. We also include a study of the Fourier modes which can be used as an example of scaling quantities without dangerous variables
Wu, Yi. "Topology optimization in structural dynamics : vibrations, fracture resistance and uncertainties." Thesis, Paris Est, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PESC2007.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to develop density based-topology optimization methods for several challenging dynamic structural problems. First, we propose a normalization strategy for elastodynamics to obtain optimized material distributions of the structures that reduces frequency response and improves the numerical stabilities of the bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO). Then, to take into account uncertainties in practical engineering problems, a hybrid interval uncertainty model is employed to efficiently model uncertainties in dynamic structural optimization. A perturbation method is developed to implement an uncertainty-insensitive robust dynamic topology optimization in a form that greatly reduces the computational costs. In addition, we introduce a model of interval field uncertainty into dynamic topology optimization. The approach is applied to single material, composites and multi-scale structures topology optimization. Finally, we develop a topology optimization for dynamic brittle fracture structural resistance, by combining topology optimization with dynamic phase field fracture simulations. This framework is extended to design impact-resistant structures. In contrast to stress-based approaches, the whole crack propagation is taken into account into the optimization process
Abourou, Ella Appolinaire. "Étude des solutions stationnaires d'un modèle de champs de phase cristallin." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2273/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of stationary solutions of a Phase Field Crystal model, in one spacedimension, introduced by Elder in 2002. Thus, we prove by the Lyapunov-Schmidt method of reductionand the multiparameter technique, the existence of the curves of bifurcating stationary solutions whenthe kernel of the linearized operator near to trivial solution is of two dimension. A parenthesis is open forcomparing the energies of the bifurcating solution and the trivial solution. Also, thanks to the principle ofreduced stability, we provide specific sets of parameter values for wich the obtained solutions are stable orunstable. These theoretical results are confirmed by several numerical tests.Moreover, in the classical case of a one dimensional kernel, we establish the phase diagrams allowing tounderstand the different orientations of non-trivial solutions curves near to of each bifurcation point
Jemai, Mohsen. "Approximation des phases aleatoires self-consistante. Applications a des systemes de fermions fortement correles." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006530.
Full textVasseur, Olivier. "A microscopic treatment of correlated nucleons : collective properties in stable and exotic nuclei." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS223/document.
Full textThis Ph.D. work falls within the scope of theoretical techniques tailored to the solution of the nuclear many-body problem. It was motivated by the perspective of using beyond-mean-field methods to improve the description of excitation spectra of stable and exotic nuclei, especially the low-energy states and the giant resonances. The chosen path in this direction is the development of models based on the second random-phase approximation (SRPA) used with a subtraction procedure. These developments aim to extend the range of applicability of the initial model and to include correlations in the ground state.A first part consists in applying the SRPA used with a subtraction method to the study of the dipole and quadrupole response in medium to heavy-mass nuclei, including the electric dipole polarizability. We verify that the subtracted SRPA corrects the problems observed with the standard SRPA model and improves the description of excitation spectra compared to the random-phase approximation (RPA). We also study beyond-mean-field effects that arise in the subtracted SRPA by exploiting the relation between the axial breathing modes in nuclei and the effective mass in nuclear matter.A second part is dedicated to extensions.As a first step, we extend the initial numerical tools by employing the equal-filling approximation (EFA), to enable the applications to nuclei with partially-occupied orbitals. We next propose a method to estimate part of the pairing effects using correlated occupation numbers.A study of possible ways to renormalize the subtracted SRPA is carried out by employing a model which goes beyond the quasiboson approximation. This extension also relies on the use of occupation numbers as a means to include ground state correlations. We show that correlations obtained from the computation of occupation numbers in iterative RPA calculations are not sufficient to address the standard SRPA drawbacks
Zouari, Meriem. "Modélisation de la recristallisation de l'Inconel 718 pendant sa mise en forme à chaud." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0072.
Full textInconel 718 is nickel-based Superalloy widely used in the aeronautic industry to manufacture aircraft parts subjected to extreme in-service conditions of high stresses at elevated temperatures. Controlling the microstructure after hot forming is a key element to control the mechanical properties of the final products and meet the tight specifications imposed by the aeronautic industry.In this work, the microstructure evolution of Inconel 718 was investigated via isothermal and iso-strain rate torsion tests followed by water quenching (to investigate dynamic evolution) or by annealing at deformation temperature then water quenching (to investigate post-dynamic evolution). These tests were conducted in both δ-Supersolvus and δ-Subsolvus temperature domains and for strain rates of 0.01 to 0.1 s-1.Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Electron Back Scattered Diffraction (EBSD) were used to characterize the microstructure and follow the evolution of the recrystallized fraction, the recrystallized grain size and the δ-phase precipitation after deformation and during pre-deformation and post-deformation annealing. Based on these experimental observations, the main metallurgical mechanisms have been identified and modelled: hardening, nucleation of new grains, grain boundaries migration and the δ-phase- recrystallization interaction.A two-site mean field approach having a low computational cost was chosen to model the microstructural evolution at different thermomechanical conditions. This model describes the main mechanisms taking place during hot forming of Inconel 718 in both δ-Supersolvus and δ-Subsolvus domains and predicts the recrystallization kinetics in both dynamic and post-dynamic regimes , the δ-phase precipitation and dissolution kinetics and the grain size evolution. The model predicts also the strain-stress curves at high temperatures in the absence of δ-phase particles
Ngome, Abiaga Juste Jean-Paul. "(Super) symétries des modèles semi-classiques en physique théorique et de la matière condensée." Phd thesis, Tours, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00622874.
Full textShabou, Aymen. "Minimisation multi-étiquette d'énergies markoviennes par coupe-minimum sur graphe : application à la reconstruction de la phase interférométrique en imagerie RSO." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00565362.
Full textDilmahomed, Bocus Sadeck. "Test sans contact des circuits intégrés CMOS : observabilité et contrôlabilité du Latchup par microscopie électronique à balayage et microscopie à émission." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20079.
Full textStephan, Jean-Marie. "Intrication dans des systèmes quantiques à basse dimension." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112308.
Full textIn recent years, it has been understood that entanglement measures can be useful tools for the understanding and characterization of new and exotic phases of matter, especially when the study of order parameters alone proves insufficient. This thesis is devoted to the study of a few low-dimensional quantum systems where this is the case. Among these measures, the entanglement entropy, defined through a bipartition of the quantum system, has been perhaps one of the most heavily studied, especially in one dimension. Such a quantity is usually very difficult to compute in dimension larger than one, but we show that for a particular class of wave functions, named after Rokhsar and Kivelson, the entanglement entropy of an infinite cylinder cut into two parts simplifies considerably. It can be expressed as the Shannon entropy of the probability distribution resulting from the ground-state wave function of a one-dimensional quantum system. This dimensional reduction allows for a detailed numerical study (free fermion, exact diagonalizations, \ldots) as well as an analytic treatment, using conformal field theory (CFT) techniques. We also argue that this approach can give an easy access to some refined universal features of a given wave function in general.Another part of this thesis deals with the study of local quantum quenches in one-dimensional critical systems. The emphasis is put on the Loschmidt echo, the overlap between the wave function before the quench and the wave function at time t after the quench. Because of the commensurability of the CFT spectrum, the time evolution turns out to be periodic, and can be obtained analytically in various cases. Inspired by these results, we also study the zero-frequency contribution to the Loschmidt echo after such a quench. It can be expressed as a simple overlap -- which we name bipartite fidelity -- and can be studied in its own right. We show that despite its simple definition, it mimics the behavior of the entanglement entropy very well. In particular when the one-dimensional system is critical, this fidelity decays algebraically with the system size, reminiscent of Anderson's celebrated orthogonality catastrophe. The exponent is universal and related to the central charge of the underlying CFT
Walter, Jean-Charles. "Etude numérique des corrections d'échelle au comportement dominant à l'équilibre et hors de l'équilibre." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440099.
Full textPlat, Xavier. "Étude de modèles magnétiques frustrés sous champ en basses dimensions." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2523/.
Full textThis thesis deals with the physics of magnetic systems in an external field and when frustration, arising either from the geometry or from competing interations, is present. We have studied several models in low dimensions, where the effects of the quantum fluctuations are more important and can lead to the apparition of new intersting quantum phases. This manuscript is divided in three parts, each one being dedicated to a given model. In the first two parts, we consider two one-dimensional spin tube models, respectively made of three and four coupled spin chains, that we study by using various analytical and numerical methods. We show that, beyond the appearance of magnetization plateaux, a rich physics can emerge, with the role of the non magnetic modes for the first model, or, in the second case, the consequences of a continuous degeneracy at the classical level on the quantum phase diagram. In the third part, we use numerical Quantum Monte-Carlo simulations to study an anisotropic spin model on the two-dimensional Kagomé lattice, designed for the search of topological phases. We obtain the phase diagram on one of the magnetization plateaux of this model, and use this example to discuss the relevance of the computation of the entanglement entropies in order to identify phases in numerical simulations
Peyrard, Nathalie. "Approximations de type champ moyen des modèles de champ de Markov pour la segmentation de données spatiales." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10179.
Full textGeslin, P. A. "Contribution à la modélisation champ de phase des dislocations." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01009892.
Full textBoudot, Cécile. "Transitions de phase sous champ électrique dans la thiourée." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10087.
Full textBoudot, Cécile. "Transitions de phase sous champ électrique dans la Thiourée." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376121548.
Full textVerret, Simon. "Couplage interplan et compétition de phases dans le modèle de Hubbard des cuprates." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/79.
Full textRobert, Félix. "Optimisation techno-économique d'un champ d'échangeurs géothermiques verticaux." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30095/30095.pdf.
Full textThis master thesis presents the method used and the optimization results for a ground coupled heat exchangers borefield. The content is divided into two papers submitted for publication to scientific journals. The first paper reports a study on soil stratigraphy impact on performance evaluation for a geothermal heat pump. The study reveals that the results obtained from simulation predict the same energy consumption of heat pump system for stratified soil and for homogenous soil defined by an average thermal conductivity. It confirms the assumption that a ground coupled heat exchanger system can be modeled using an average value of thermal conductivity. The second paper presents an optimization method of geothermal borefield design to minimize the cost of the system. Results show that number of boreholes in the grid, and their depth, are two influential parameters having strong effect on total cost.
Bertrand, Thierry. "Approximation des phases aléatoires self-consistante appliquée à un modèle schématique de la théorie des champs." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10292.
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