Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modèles à valeurs booléennes'
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Santiago, Suárez Juan Manuel. "Infinitary logics and forcing." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UNIP7024.
Full textThe main results of this thesis are related to forcing, but our presentation benefits from relating them to another domain of logic: the model theory of infinitary logics. In the 1950s, after the basic framework of first-order model theory had been established, Carol Karp, followed by Makkai, Keisler and Mansfield among others, developed the area of logic known as "infinitary logics". One key idea from our work, which was more or less implicit in the research of many, is that forcing plays a role in infinitary logic similar to the role compactness plays in first-order logic. Specifically, much alike compactness is the key tool to produce models of first-order theories, forcing can be the key tool to produce the interesting models of infinitary theories. The first part of this thesis explores the relationship between infinitary logics and Boolean valued models. Leveraging on the translation of forcing in the Boolean valued models terminology, this part lays the foundations connecting infinitary logics to forcing. A consistency property is a family of sets of non-contradictory sentences closed under certain natural logical operations. Consistency properties are the standard tools to produce models of non-contradictory infinitary sentences. The first major result we establish in the thesis is the Boolean Model Existence Theorem, asserting that any sentence which belongs to some set which is in some consistency property has a Boolean valued model with the mixing property, and strengthens Mansfield's original result. The Boolean Model Existence Theorem allows us to prove three additional results in the model theory of Boolean valued models for the semantics induced by Boolean valued models with the mixing property: a completeness theorem, an interpolation theorem, and an omitting types theorem. These can be shown to be generalizations of the corresponding results for first order logic in view of the fact that a first order sentence has a Tarski model if and only if it has a Boolean valued model. However we believe that the central result of this part of the thesis is the Conservative Compactness Theorem. In pursuit of a generalization of first-order compactness for infinitary logics, we introduce the concepts of conservative strengthening and of finite conservativity. We argue that the appropriate generalization of finite consistency (relative to Tarski semantics for first order logic) is finite conservativity (relative to the semantics given by Boolean valued models). The Conservative Compactness Theorem states that any finitely conservative family of sentences admits a Boolean valued model with the mixing property. In our opinion these results support the claim: Boolean-valued models with the mixing property provide a natural semantics for infinitary logics. In the second part of the thesis we leverage on the results of the first part to address the following question: For what family of infinitary formulae can we force the existence of a Tarski model for them without destroying stationary sets? Kasum and Velickovic introduced a characterization of which sentences can be forced by a stationary set preserving forcing (AS-goodness). Their work builds on the groundbreaking result of Asperò and Schindler. We define the ASK property -a variant of AS-goodness- which we also employ to the same effect of Kasum and Velickovic. It is shown that for any formula with the ASK-property, one can force the existence of a Tarski model in a stationary set preserving way. The proof of this result builds on the model theoretic perspective of forcing presented in the first part of the thesis, and does so introducing a new notion of iterated forcing. This presentation of iterated forcing is strictly intertwined with the Conservative Compactness Theorem, thereby emphasizing again the analogy between the pairs (forcing, infinitary logics) and (compactness, first-order logic)
You, Alexandre. "Théorie des valeurs extrêmes et modèles à seuils." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066701.
Full textKachour, Maher. "Une nouvelle classe de modèles autorégressifs à valeurs entières." Rennes 1, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00442146.
Full textIn many practical situations we deal with integer-valued time series. The analysis of such a time series present some difficulties, namely where the analysis is based on some stochastic models. These models must reflect the integer peculiarity of the observed series. Many attempts have been made to define some models which can be used to describe integer-valued time series. Most of the proposed models are based on the thinning operator and they have the same properties as the real-valued models well-known in the literature. The aim of this thesis is to study the integer-valued autoregressive models. We introduce a new class of models based on the rounding operator. Compared to the existent models, the new class has several advantages : simple innovation structure, autoregressive coefficients with arbitrary signs, possible negative values for time series and for the autocorrelation function. We study the stationarity of the models and the strong consistency of the least squares estimator proposed to estimate the parameters. We analyze some well-known time series with the introduced models
Kachour, Maher. "Une nouvelle classe de modèles auto-régressifs à valeurs entières." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00442146.
Full textTrouillon, Théo. "Modèles d'embeddings à valeurs complexes pour les graphes de connaissances." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM048/document.
Full textThe explosion of widely available relational datain the form of knowledge graphsenabled many applications, including automated personalagents, recommender systems and enhanced web search results.The very large size and notorious incompleteness of these data basescalls for automatic knowledge graph completion methods to make these applicationsviable. Knowledge graph completion, also known as link-prediction,deals with automatically understandingthe structure of large knowledge graphs---labeled directed graphs---topredict missing entries---labeled edges. An increasinglypopular approach consists in representing knowledge graphs as third-order tensors,and using tensor factorization methods to predict their missing entries.State-of-the-art factorization models propose different trade-offs between modelingexpressiveness, and time and space complexity. We introduce a newmodel, ComplEx---for Complex Embeddings---to reconcile both expressivenessand complexity through the use of complex-valued factorization, and exploreits link with unitary diagonalization.We corroborate our approach theoretically and show that all possibleknowledge graphs can be exactly decomposed by the proposed model.Our approach based on complex embeddings is arguably simple,as it only involves a complex-valued trilinear product,whereas other methods resort to more and more complicated compositionfunctions to increase their expressiveness. The proposed ComplEx model isscalable to large data sets as it remains linear in both space and time, whileconsistently outperforming alternative approaches on standardlink-prediction benchmarks. We also demonstrateits ability to learn useful vectorial representations for other tasks,by enhancing word embeddings that improve performanceson the natural language problem of entailment recognitionbetween pair of sentences.In the last part of this thesis, we explore factorization models abilityto learn relational patterns from observed data.By their vectorial nature, it is not only hard to interpretwhy this class of models works so well,but also to understand where they fail andhow they might be improved. We conduct an experimentalsurvey of state-of-the-art models, not towardsa purely comparative end, but as a means to get insightabout their inductive abilities.To assess the strengths and weaknesses of each model, we create simple tasksthat exhibit first, atomic properties of knowledge graph relations,and then, common inter-relational inference through synthetic genealogies.Based on these experimental results, we propose new researchdirections to improve on existing models, including ComplEx
Molay, Eric. "Modélisation empirique de la rentabilité : le modèle à trois facteurs, une alternative au modèle de marché ?" Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX32064.
Full textThe more and more widely use of the Fama and French three-factor model (1993) in academic literature confirms researcher's interest in this empirical model. This research contributes to the empirical validation of pricing models on the French stock market and a better understanding of the French investors'behaviour. Besides, the debate concerning about the three-factor model is still open. By confirming its sound descriptive ability in assessing stocks returns on a market other than the American one, this study provides partial answer to the critical views on the reliability of empirical tests on a single sample. The cross-sectional study renews the view on the cross-sectional relation between the expected returns and various factors including coefficient beta. .
Laflamme, Josée. "Femmes et aire domestique, un mode de vie, modèles, valeurs et comportements." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq26225.pdf.
Full textLaflamme, Josée. "Femmes et aire domestique, un mode de vie : modèles, valeurs et comportements." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28446.
Full textRybalko, Volodymyr. "Effets de mémoire dans quelques modèles de milieux fortement hétérogènes." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077109.
Full textBenouamer, Mohand Ourabah. "Opérations booléennes sur les polyèdres représentés par leurs frontières et imprécisions numériques." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00834640.
Full textMathieu, Claire. "Comparaison de modèles combinatoires et probabilistes : deux exemples en analyse d'algorithmes." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112042.
Full textHechme, Grace. "Analyse spectrale théorique et numérique de quelques modèles linéarisés de l'hydrodynamique." Brest, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BRES2025.
Full textThis thesis is a contribution to the stability analysis of some hydrodynamic models around a steady state. After spatial discretisation, the analysis relies on the computation of the eigenvalues with largest real parts, the corresponding eigenvectors, and the reducing subspaces of a generalized eigenproblem. The first chapter gives the required steps to obtain the eigenproblem starting from the physical models. The second chapter focuses on the spectral computations. A theoretical analysis is given first to determine the algebraic properties of the spectrum. Variants of the generalized Davidson and Jacobi-Davidson methods to compute the rightmost eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors or reducing subspaces in real arithmetics are then proposed. At each iteration of the methods, linear systems called , "the correction systems", are solved with iterative methods. A convergence analysis for the Jacobi-Davidson variants is performed. This analysis shows quadratic convergence of the method when the correction systems are solved exactly. The last chapter concerns model reduction for linear control systems resulting from discretized hydrodynamic models. Reduction techniques based on the spectral projectors onto the reducing susbpaces obtained in the previous chapter are developed. These techniques preserve the stability and regularity of the initial control systems
Gauthier, Claire. "Trois essais empiriques sur le risque de crédit : Modèles intensité, modèle multifactoriel, valeurs extrêmes." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE0061.
Full textCredit risk materializes by a firm default, and by the spread movements following a decrease of an issuer's credit quality. In the first chapter of this thesis, an intensity model considering default as an unpredictable event is implemented. The second chapter presents a multifactor models for credit spreads, based on a wide range of explanatory variables, and using panel data econometry to build theoretical credit spreads. This model is a good tool to analyse and forecast credit spreads. The third chapter underlines the non normality of credit spreads distributions, and characterize their distribution using extreme value theory
Ben, Ammou Saloua. "Comportement des valeurs propres en analyse des correspondances multiples sous certaines hypothèses de modèles." Paris 9, 1996. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1996PA090044.
Full textMultiple Correspondence Analysis and Log-Linear modelling are two techniques of multi-way contingency table analysis having different problematics and fields of application. Log-Linear models are profitably applied to a little number of variables. Multiple Correspondence Analysis is usefùl with large tables. This efficiency is balanced by the fact that MCA explicits relations between only two variables, and isn’t able to explicit relation between more than two, as can be done by Log-Linear modelling. The two approaches are complementary. The aim of this thesis is to study the behaviour of eigenvalues in Multiple Correspondence Analysis when data fit a known Log-Linear model, then to induct this model by successive utilisation of MCA. The innovation in this approach is the use of eigenvalues diagram in the détermination of the Log-Linear model. Affer giving a reminder of MCA, Log-Linear modelling, and study of behaviour of eigenvalues in Correspondence Analysis, we présent the distribution of eigenvalues in MCA under some hypothesis modelling. At the end of this work we propose an algorithm fitting progressively the Log-Linear model where the fitting test is based on eigenvalues diagram. The algorithm is validated on three sets of data used in literature
Loubeau, Vincent. "Sur un modèle de combustion solide-solide à énergie d'activation finie." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR10596.
Full textBen, Othman Leila. "Conception et validation d'une méthode de complétion des valeurs manquantes fondée sur leurs modèles d'apparition." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01017941.
Full textBen, Othman Amroussi Leila. "Conception et validation d’une méthode de complétion des valeurs manquantes fondée sur leurs modèles d’apparition." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN2067.
Full textKnowledge Discovery from incomplete databases is a thriving research area. In this thesis, the main focus is put on the proposal of a missing values completion method. We start approaching this issue by defining the appearing models of the missing values. We thus propose a new typology according to the given data and we characterize these missing values in a non-redundant manner defined by means of the basis of proper implications. An algorithm computing this basis of rules, heavily relying on the hypergraph theory battery of results, is also introduced in this thesis. We then explore the information provided during the characterization stage in order to propose a new contextual completion method. The latter completes the missing values with respect to their type as well as to their appearance context. The non-random missing values are completed with special values intrinsically containing the explanation defined by the characterization schemes. Finally, we investigate the evaluation techniques of the missing values completion methods and we introduce a new technique based on the stability of a clustering, when applied on reference data and completed ones
Thuillier, Kerian. "Méthodes de satisfiabilité hybrides pour l'inférence de régulations booléennes contrôlant des réseaux métaboliques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024URENS032.
Full textBiological systems are complex multi-scale systems composed of many interconnected biological mechanisms. These scales include the metabolism, which transforms nutrients into energy and biomass, and the regulatory system, which acts as a controller of metabolic activity. Modeling the coupling of metabolism and regulation is difficult and requires integrating the differential-algebraic formalisms of metabolism with the discrete formalisms of regulation. Although formalisms for simulating the hybrid dynamics of this coupling exist, no method allows for the synthesis of the controllers that regulate metabolic activity, that is, the regulatory rules. This thesis presents three formulations of the synthesis problem as combinatorial optimization problems under logical and hybrid (logical and linear) quantified constraints. A dedicated solving method is given for each formulation. The first formulation is solved using satisfiability methods, while the other two rely on hybrid solving methods that integrate logical constraints and linear arithmetic. In particular, the thesis presents a generic framework for solving combinatorial optimization problems under quantified linear constraints. These formalizations have led to the development of two tools, MERRIN and MerrinASP, which extend Answer Set Programming (ASP) with quantified linear constraints. This thesis also provides synthetic datasets that simulate different types of omics data, as well as the protocol used to generate them
Aboura, Sofiane. "L' étude du comportement de la volatilité implicite." Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX32037.
Full textThis thesis deals with the study of the implied volatility behavior. The first part presents and simulates the main implied volatility models and option pricing models. The goal is to highlight the role of the parameters characterizing the volatility process on the smile deformation. The second part is dedicated to the study of the predictive power and to the transmission of implied volatility, within an international framework, between the French, German and US markets (VX1, VDAX and VIX). The objective is to measure the interactions between volatilities and to quantify their process. The third part is devoted to option valuation with a discussion on the empirical dynamic of the smile. The analysis concerns models derived from Black-Scholes (1973), models including information costs, stochastic volatility models and NGARCH models. The purpose is to underline the performance and limit of these models along with their smile
Veber, Philippe. "Modélisation grande échelle de réseaux biologiques : vérification par contraintes booléennes de la cohérence des données." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00185895.
Full textBarrault, Valérie. "Les protéines kinases C : mise au point du dosage et valeurs basales dans divers modèles expérimentaux." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P083.
Full textJawadi, Fredj. "Ajustements non linéaires des cours boursiers dans les pays du G7 : essai de modélisation." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100041.
Full textWe center the study in this thesis on the specification and the modelling of stock indexes adjustment dynamics towards their fundamentals in a non-linear framework and we mobilize, among the many non-linear processes, the class of the Smooth Transition Autoregressive Models. Chapter 1 introduces the economic and econometric insufficiencies of linear modelling, in order to justify the use of the Smooth Transition Autoregressive Models to study the stock market dynamics. These justifications are due primarily to the presence of heterogeneous transaction costs and heterogeneous anticipations. Chapter 2 presents the STAR and STECM methodology and describes their statistical properties and their stages of specification, estimate and validation. Chapter 3 provides a panorama of the principal empirical studies that used the STAR and STEC models to explore sotck market dynamics. Chapter 4 confronts the selected non-linear adjustment models to the G7 stock market data and shows that their stock indexes adjustment towards fundamentals are characterized by a return to the mean with a speed of convergence varying according to the desequilibrium extent
Stojanovic, Alexandre. "Sur la distribution limite des valeurs propres dans des matrices aléatoires." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077184.
Full textFernandez, Miguel Angel. "Modèles simplifiés d'interaction fluide-structure." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001954.
Full textDepire, Alexandre. "Modélisation Markovienne – Modèles de régression de copules et valeurs extrêmes – Application aux systèmes d’aide à la conduite." Reims, 2008. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000749.pdf.
Full textThe thesis gets organized in two major parties. The first part turns on the intelligent transportation system (autonomous cruise control). In the first chapter we study strategies of drivers and confirm a hypothesis of F. Saad. The second chapter tackles the cellular automaton. The third chapter suggests validation of an assumption in the field of the driver psychology by the use of the markovian models. The last chapter deals with the input-output hidden markov models. A theoretical framework is presented. The main purpose is the study of tools for the evaluation of such systems through data with / without the system and real data, not controlled. The important notion is the concept of scene, as defined the changes in the dependence between several indicators. The central object in the dependence is the copula, the heart of the second part. The first chapter is a state of the art, refer to the measures of dependence and function of linkage. The second chapter tackles a measure of a multivariate dependence. We demonstrate a formula about the mutual information. In the third chapter, an extension of the cox model in bivariate case is presented, based on extreme value copulas. Some approximation results and the convergence are proved. We give an application on real data from lavia system (speed limiter). The fourth chapter is about the estimating of the dependence function in the bivariate case. We prove the uniform convergence and give the asymptotic law of our estimator
Collet, Jérôme. "Les Processus Longue Mémoire : Prévisions, Estimations et Valeurs Extrêmes." Reims, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REIMS010.
Full textThis thesis deals with the long memory (LM hereafter) processes. After recalling the concept of LM, we present, in Chapter 1, the LM Gegenbauer process. Some properties of these processes and standard results on forecasting and estimation are recalled. In Chapter 2, we examine the non Gaussian LM processes. A method of construction of these processes is presented and used to make estimations and forecasting of time series. In Chapter 3, we investigate different problems encountered in modelling time series with Gegenbauer processes, such as under-fitting. In Chapter 4, we study the extreme behaviour of processes using the methods developed in Chapter 2. After recalling some properties of extreme behaviour of independent and stationary processes,we give some properties of the extremal index for these series
Ahmad, Ali. "Contribution à l'économétrie des séries temporelles à valeurs entières." Thesis, Lille 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL30059/document.
Full textThe framework of this PhD dissertation is the conditional mean count time seriesmodels. We propose the Poisson quasi-maximum likelihood estimator (PQMLE) for the conditional mean parameters. We show that, under quite general regularityconditions, this estimator is consistent and asymptotically normal for a wide classeof count time series models. Since the conditional mean parameters of some modelsare positively constrained, as, for example, in the integer-valued autoregressive (INAR) and in the integer-valued generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (INGARCH), we study the asymptotic distribution of this estimator when the parameter lies at the boundary of the parameter space. We deduce a Waldtype test for the significance of the parameters and another Wald-type test for the constance of the conditional mean. Subsequently, we propose a robust and general goodness-of-fit test for the count time series models. We derive the joint distribution of the PQMLE and of the empirical residual autocovariances. Then, we deduce the asymptotic distribution of the estimated residual autocovariances and also of a portmanteau test. Finally, we propose the PQMLE for estimating, equation-by-equation (EbE), the conditional mean parameters of a multivariate time series of counts. By using slightly different assumptions from those given for PQMLE, we show the consistency and the asymptotic normality of this estimator for a considerable variety of multivariate count time series models
Bouayad, Abdelali. "Étude comparative de méthodes d'analyse de systèmes à échelles de temps multiples : contribution à l'élaboration d'un processus d'aide à la simplification de modèles." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10058.
Full textSid-Ali, Ahmed. "Un processus empirique à valeurs mesures pour un système de particules en interaction appliqué aux réseaux complexes." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33730.
Full textOn propose dans cette thèse une modélisation des réseaux sociaux par des processus aléatoires à valeurs mesures. Notre démarche se base sur une approche par espace latent. Cette dernière a été utilisée dans la littérature dans le but de décrire des interactions non-observées ou latentes dans la dynamique des réseaux complexes. On caractérise les individus du réseau par des mesures de Dirac représentant leurs positions dans l’espace latent. On obtient ainsi une caractérisation du réseau en temps continu par un processus de Markov à valeurs mesures écrit comme la somme des mesures de Dirac représentant les individus. On associe au réseau trois événements aléatoires simples décrivant les arrivées et les départs d’individus suivant des horloges exponentielles en associant chaque événement à une mesure aléatoire de Poisson. Cette thèse est composée essentiellement d’un premier chapitre réservé à l’état de l’art de la littérature de la modélisation des réseaux complexes suivi d’un second chapitre introductif aux processus aléatoires à valeurs mesures. Le 3-ème et 4-ème chapitres sont constitués de deux articles co-écrits avec mon directeur de thèse, Khader Khadraoui, et sont soumis pour publication dans des journaux. Le premier article, inclus dans le chapitre 3, se compose essentiellement de la description détaillée du modèle proposé ainsi que d’une procédure de Monte Carlo permettant de générer aléatoirement des réalisations du modèle, suivi d’une analyse des propriétés théoriques du processus aléatoire à valeurs mesures sous-jacent. On explicitera notamment le générateur infinitésimal du processus de Markov qui caractérise le réseau. On s’intéressera également aux propriétés de survie et d’extinction du réseau puis on proposera une analyse asymptotique dans laquelle on démontrera, en utilisant des techniques de renormalisation, la convergence faible du processus vers une mesure déterministe solution d’un système intégro-différentiel. On terminera l’article par une étude numérique démontrant par des simulations les principales propriétés obtenues avec notre modèle. Dans le second article, inclus dans le chapitre 4, on reformule notre modèle du point de vue des graphes géométriques aléatoires. Une introduction aux graphes géométriques aléatoires est d’ailleurs proposée au chapitre 1 de cette thèse. Le but de notre démarche est d’étudier les propriétés de connectivité du réseau. Ces problématiques sont largement étudiées dans la littérature des graphes géométriques aléatoires et représentent un intérêt théorique et pratique considérable. L’idée proposée est de considérer notre modèle comme un graphe géométrique aléatoire où l’espace latent représente l’espace sous-jacent et la distribution sous-jacente est celle donnée par le processus génératif du réseau. À partir de là, la question de la connectivité du graphe se pose naturellement. En particulier, on s’intéressera à la distribution des sommets isolés, i.e. d’avoir des membres sans connexion dans le réseau. Pour cela, on pose l’hypothèse supplémentaire que chaque individu dans le graphe peut être actif ou non actif suivant une loi de Bernoulli. On démontrera alors que pour certaines valeurs du seuil de connectivité, le nombre d’individus isolés suit asymptotiquement une loi de Poisson. Aussi, la question de la détection de communautés (clustering) dans leréseau est traitée en fonction du seuil de connectivité établi. Nous terminons cette thèse par une conclusion dans laquelle on discute de la pertinence des approches proposées ainsi que des perspectives que peut offrir notre démarche. En particulier, on donne des éléments permettant de généraliser notre démarche à une classe plus large de réseaux complexes.La fin du document est consacrée aux références bibliographiques utilisées tout au long de ce travail ainsi qu’à des annexes dans lesquelles le lecteur pourra trouver des rappels utiles.
This thesis concerns the stochastic modelling of complex networks. In particular, weintroduce a new social network model based on a measure-valued stochastic processes. Individuals in the network are characterized by Dirac measures representing their positions in a virtual latent space of affinities. A continuous time network characterizationis obtained by defining an atomic measure-valued Markov process as the sum of some Dirac measures. We endow the network with a basic dynamic describing the random events of arrivals and departures following Poisson point measures. This thesis is essentially consists of a first introductory chapter to the studied problems of complex networks modelling followed by a second chapter where we present an introduction to the theory of measure-valued stochastic processes. The chapters 3 and 4 are essentially composed of two articles co-written with my thesis advisor, Khader Khadraoui and submitted to journals for publication. The first article, included in chapter 3, mainly concerns the detailed description of the proposed model and a Monte Carlo procedure allowing one to generate synthetic networks. Moreover, analysis of the principal theoretical properties of the models is proposed. In particular, the infinitesimal generator of the Markov process which characterizes the network is established. We also study the survival and extinction properties of the network. Therefore, we propose an asymptotic analysis in which we demonstrate, using a renormalization technique, the weak convergence of the network process towards a deterministic measure solution of an integro-differential system. The article is completed by a numerical study. In the second article, included in chapter 4, we reformulate our model from the point of view of random geometric graphs. An introduction to random geometric graphs framework is proposed in chapter 1. The purpose of our approach is to study the connectivity properties of the network. These issues are widely studied in the literature of random geometric graphs and represent a considerable theoretical and practical interest. The proposed idea is to consider the model as a random geometric graph where the latent space represents the underlying space and the underlying distribution is given by the generative process of the network. Therefore, the question of the connectivity of the graph arises naturally. In particular, we focus on the distribution of isolated vertices, i.e. the members with no connections in the network. To this end, we make the additional hypothesis that each individual in the network can be active or not according to a Bernoulli distribution. We then show that for some values of the connectivity threshold, the number of isolated individuals follows a Poisson distribution. In addition, the question of clustering in the network is discussed and illustrated numerically. We conclude this thesis with a conclusion and perspectives chapter in which we discuss the relevance of the proposed approaches as well as the offered perspectives.The end of the thesis is devoted to the bibliographical references used throughout this work as well as appendices in which the reader can find useful reminders.
Dufour, Marianne. "Sur la façon d'approcher les solutions de modèles algébriques du problème à N corps." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13130.
Full textWe have studied a class of algebraic eigenvalue problems that generate tridiagonal matrices. The Lipkin Hamiltonian was chosen as representative. Three methods have been implemented, whose extension to more general many body problems seems possible. 1) Degenerate Linked Cluster Theory (LCT), which disregards special symmetries of the interaction and defines a hierarchy of approximation based on model spaces at fixed number of particule-hole excitation of the unperturbed Hamiltonian. The method works for small perturbations but does not yield a complete description. 2) A new linearization method that replaces the matrix to be diagonalized by local (tangent) approximations by harmonic matrices [. . . ]
Chaulet, Nicolas. "Modèles d'impédance généralisée en diffraction inverse." Phd thesis, Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2012. https://pastel.hal.science/docs/00/76/16/42/PDF/chaulet.pdf56).
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to use asymptotic models for the resolution of inverse electromagnetic scattering problems. We consider in particular the case of generalized impedance conditions that are models for thin coatings or strongly absorbing media. The term "generalized impedance" signifies that the boundary condition involves a surface operator. The so-called classical impedance boundary conditions is a particular case of generalized impedance boundary condition where the operator reduces to the multiplication by a function. In the inverse problems context, the use of such approximate models simplifies the numerical resolution as well as the mathematical analysis. In the literature a lot of studies focus on inverse scattering with classical impedance boundary conditions, we extend them to the case of more complex surface operators containing surface derivatives for example. An important part of the thesis deals the application of optimization methods to find both a shape and parameters that characterize the boundary operator. Among others, we present the computation of the shape derivative for Helmholtz' and Maxwell's equations. Numerical illustrations of shape reconstruction and identification of boundary coefficients are also provided. We complement this work by studying a qualitative method - the factorization method - to retrieve a shape with a general form of generalized impedance boundary conditions. In relation with qualitative methods, we investigated the use of the so-called interior transmission eigenvalues associated with thin layer structures to obtain information about the layer thickness and properties. In this view, we derived and justified the full asymptotic development of the first interior transmission eigenvalue with respect to the small thickness of the layer. This development provides a simple procedure to compute the thickness of the layer from multi-static scattered field data
Chaulet, Nicolas. "Modèles d'impédance généralisée en diffraction inverse." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00761642.
Full textPreget, Raphaële. "Les adjudications des valeurs du Trésor : enchères discriminatoires versus enchères à prix uniforme : contributions théoriques et empiriques." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010043.
Full textDias, Neto David. "Modélisation de la dépendance dans l'analyse multivariée des séries financières." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010013.
Full textMichel, Philippe. "Principe d'entropie relative généralisée et dynamique de populations structurées." Paris 9, 2005. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2005PA090032.
Full textThis thesis deals with the dynamic of population balance equations (PBE) as the Cell Division Equation (CDE) or as the classical McKendrick age model. More precisely, we show a family of relative entropies (General Relative Entropy-GRE) in a large class of PBE. The existence of such a family and a sharp study of the asymptotic behavior is related to the existence and uniqueness of the solution to an eigenproblem. For instance, the study of this eigenproblem in a CDE model, allows us to show the link between the Malthusian growth rate of a cell population an the symmetry of its division. We prove, in a simple nonlinear age model, the global convergence to a steady state and we compare the results given by the GRE method and the linearization method
Biane, Célia. "Reprogrammation comportementale : modèles, algorithmes et application aux maladies complexes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLE050.
Full textComplex diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's are caused by multiple molecular perturbations responsible for pathological cellular behavior. A major challenge of precision medicine is the identification of the molecular perturbations induced by the disease and the therapies from their consequences on cell phenotypes. We define a model of complex diseases, called behavioral reprogramming, that assimilates the molecular perturbations to alterations of the dynamic local functions of discrete dynamical systems inducing a reprogramming of the global dynamics of the network. This modeling framework relies on the one hand, on Control Boolean networks, which are Boolean networks containing control parameters modeling the perturbations and, on the other hand, the definition of reprogramming modes (Possibility, Necessity) expressing the objective of the behavioral reprogramming. From this framework, we demonstrate that the computation of the cores, namely, the minimal sets of action allowing reprogramming is a problem of abductive inference in propositional logic. Using historical methods computing the prime implicants of Boolean functions, we develop two methods computing all the reprogramming cores.Finally, we evaluate the modeling framework for the identification of perturbations responsible for the transformation of a healthy cell into a cancercell and the discovery of therapeutic targets ona model of breast cancer. In particular, we showthat the perturbations inferred by our methods a recompatible with biological knowledge by discriminating oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and by recovering the causal of the BRCA1 gene. In addition, the method recovers the synthetic lethality phenomenon between PARP1 and BRCA1 that constitutes an optimal anti-cancer treatment because it specifically targets tumor cells
Kourouma, Lancine. "Mesure du capital réglementaire par des modèles de risque de marché." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00864121.
Full textKaram, Margot. "Génération de test de circuits intégrés fondée sur des modèles fonctionnels." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00339935.
Full textLiberge, Erwan. "Modèles réduits obtenus par la méthode de POD-Galerkin pour les problèmes d'interaction fluide structure." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00348432.
Full textNous avons donc dans un premier temps présenté et rappelé les principaux résultats de la POD. Ces résultats ont été illustrés sur l'équation de Burgers monodimensionnelle et un écoulement à faible Reynolds autour d'un cylindre. La décomposition Bi-orthogonale (BOD) a également été testée pour ces deux cas, celle-ci n'améliorant pas les résultats obtenus par la POD. La POD pour l'étude de structures en vibration a également été testée.
Ensuite, nous avons étudié son application pour des problèmes d'interaction fluide structure. La complexité tient dans le caractère mobile des domaines alors que la base POD est spatiale et indépendante du temps. Pour remédier à cet inconvénient, on propose d'établir une base POD pour un champ de vitesse global défini sur un domaine fixe. On introduit pour cela un domaine de référence fixe contenant l'ensemble des configurations mobiles sur un intervalle de temps. On obtient ainsi une base POD pour un champ de vitesse fluide et solide. On a ensuite proposé l'écriture d'un modèle réduit pour des problèmes traitant d'interaction entre un fluide et un solide rigide. Pour cela, une formulation multiphasique du type domaine fictifs a été utilisée. Cette méthode est testée avec succès sur un cas monodimensionnel et trois cas bidimensionnels, traitant un fluide initialement au repos, ensuite un écoulement à nombre de Reynolds modéré, et un dernier exemple à fort nombre de Reynold.
Bui, Dung. "Modèles d'ordre réduit pour les problèmes aux dérivées partielles paramétrés : approche couplée POD-ISAT et chainage temporel par algorithme pararéel." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECAP0021/document.
Full textIn this thesis, an efficient Reduced Order Modeling (ROM) technique with control of accuracy for parameterized Finite Element solutions is proposed. The ROM methodology is usually necessary to drastically reduce the computational time and allow for tasks like parameter analysis, system performance assessment (aircraft, complex process, etc.). In this thesis, a ROM using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) will be used to build local models. The “model” will be considered as a database of simulation results store and retrieve the database is studied by extending the algorithm In Situ Adaptive Tabulation (ISAT) originally proposed by Pope (1997). Depending on the use and the accuracy requirements, the database is enriched in situ (i.e. online) by call of the fine (reference) model and construction of a local model with an accuracy region in the parameter space. Once the trust regions cover the whole parameter domain, the computational cost of a solution becomes inexpensive. The coupled POD-ISAT, here proposed, provides a promising effective ROM approach for parametric finite element model. POD is used for the low-order representation of the spatial fields and ISAT for the local representation of the solution in the design parameter space. This method is tested on a Engineering case of stationary air flow in an aircraft cabin. This is a coupled fluid-thermal problem depending on several design parameters (inflow temperature, inflow velocity, fuselage thermal conductivity, etc.). For evolution problems, we explore the use of time-parallel strategies, namely the parareal algorithm originally proposed by Lions, Maday and Turinici (2001). A quasi-Newton variant of the algorithm called Broyden-parareal algorithm is here proposed. It is applied to the computation of the gas diffusion in an aircraft cabin. This thesis is part of the project CSDL (Complex System Design Lab) funded by FUI (Fond Unique Interministériel) aimed at providing a software platform for multidisciplinary design of complex systems
Bargès, Mathieu. "Modèles de dépendance dans la théorie du risque." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00736207.
Full textBattisti, Beatrice. "Modélisation multi-échelle et multi-fidélité pour des extracteurs d'énergie marine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0072.
Full textThe marine sector is increasingly turning to wave energy converters (WECs) for clean energy generation. For commercial-scale production, WEC farm deployment is essential, but requires complex numerical simulations. While high-fidelity models like Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) ensure accuracy, their substantial computational demands have prompt interest in model order reduction techniques. Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) projection-based reduced order models have proven effective in monophase flows, yet face stability issues with multiphase flows. A proposed multi-fidelity model integrates CFD for WEC near-field description, and POD for far-field wave propagation. Bidirectional information exchange ensures precise flow reconstruction and floater dynamics description. Testing confirms its efficacy in various scenarios, significantly reducing the computational burden, decisive for tackling WEC farm design and optimization
Il settore marittimo è sempre più orientato verso i convertitori di energia delle onde (WECs), in particolare verso i parchi di WECs. Tuttavia, le simulazioni numeriche sono complesse e, sebbene i modelli ad alta fedeltà assicurino precisione, i loro requisiti computazionali hanno stimolato l’interesse per le tecniche di riduzione di modello. I modelli a ordine ridotto basati sulla Decomposizione Ortogonale ai valori Propri (POD) sono efficaci per flussi monofase, ma incontrano problemi di stabilità con i flussi multifase. Un modello multifideltà è proposto, che integra la CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) per il campo vicino ai WECs e la POD per la propagazione delle onde nel campo lontano. Lo scambio di informazioni assicura una descrizione precisa del flusso e della dinamica dei WECs. I test ne confermano l’efficacia, riducendo significativamente il carico computazionale, cruciale per affrontare l’ottimizzazione dei parchi di WECs
Jbili, Walid. "Modélisation asymétrique de titres financiers." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25558/25558.pdf.
Full textFévrier, Maxime. "Liberté infinitésimale et modèles matriciels déformés." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1252/.
Full textThis thesis is about Random Matrix Theory and Free Probability whose strong relation is known since the early nineties. The results mainly organize in two parts : one on infinitesimal freeness, the other on deformed matrix models. More precisely, a combinatorial theory of first order infinitesimal freeness, as introduced by Belinschi and Shlyakhtenko, is developed and generalized to higher order. We give a simple and general framework and we introduce infinitesimal non-crossing cumulant functionals, providing a characterization of infinitesimal freeness. The emphasis is put on combinatorics and on the essentially differential ideas underlying this notion. The second part carries further the study of deformations of matrix models, which has been a very active field of research these past years. The results we present are original in the sense they deal with non-necessarily finite rank deterministic Hermitian perturbations of Wigner and Wishart matrices. Moreover, these results shed light on the link between convergence of eigenvalues of deformed matrix models and free probability, particularly the subordination phenomenon related to free convolution. This link gives an illustration of the power of free probability ideas in random matrix problems
Hoayek, Anis. "Estimation des paramètres pour des modèles adaptés aux séries de records." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT336/document.
Full textIn a time series, an observation is called a record at time «t» if its value is greater than all previous values. As «t» increases, consider the sequence of records and the sequence of indices of occurrence of the records.The stochastic properties of sequences of record values have been much studied in the case where the observations are independent and identically distributed (iid) random variables. It turns out that many of these properties are universal, i.e. they hold for any cumulative distribution function for the underlying observations. In particular, records have a tendency to become further separated in time as «t» increases. However, this is not what is observed in many real data sets. This has lead to the development of more comprehensive models to provide better prediction.One of the simplest and popular model for a series of records extracted from independent but not identically distributed observations is the linear drift model (LDM). This model has been studied by many authors and found to be in agreement with some data sets where the iid assumption does not hold. However, for its uses in practical situations, the LDM requires the specification of the drift parameter of the model and this brings the problem into the realm of statistics.There are similarities between records and censored data in e.g. survival analysis. In particular, all observations that fall between two consecutive records and beyond the last record, can be seen as censored, by the last observed record. To highlight these similarities, consider the sequence of record indicators which are 1 if the observation is a record and 0 otherwise.Another popular model is the Yang-Nevzorov model. This model is interesting because it has the structure of a proportional hazard model, which have been shown to provide good fit to many data sets in survival analysis. However, to the best of our knowledge, statistical inference for the Yang- Nevzorov model has been little developed.The goal of this work is to introduce some estimators of the parameters in LDM and Yang’s model respectively and derive their statistical properties. It is shown that the censoring mechanism is informative for certain parameters. This justifies investigating the usefulness of estimators that can be extracted from record indicators. We give some exact and asymptotic properties of these estimators. It turns out that in a Yang’s model, the behavior of these estimators is distribution-free, i.e. does not involve the underlying CDF. Note that our estimators can be used even when the exact value of the records are themselves unavailable or of poor quality and only the indicators of their occurrence are available or trustworthy. Also, it is shown that distribution-free goodness-of-fit tests for Yang’s model can be derived from these indicators. These tests even have some diagnostic capabilities that can help in suggesting corrections to the model.Still in the context of a Yang’s model, we study the stochastic behavior of the inter-record time and give its asymptotic distribution regardless of the choice of the underlying distribution. In addition, we apply our theoretical results to a previously analyzed data set.Finally, we turn to the use of all available data (record values and indices/indicators) in order to calculate, by several methods, estimators of parameters in LDM and Yang-Nevzorov’s model. In addition, we introduce statistical tests that help us to check the conformity of the choice of the underlying distribution and to choose between LDM and Yang
Maïzi, Nadia. "Réduction au sens de la norme de Hankel de modèles dynamiques de dimension infinie." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00410522.
Full textDor, Frédéric. "Validation de modèles d'estimation de l'exposition humaine aux polluants des sols : étude Solex : contribution à l'analyse de l'exposition professionnelle aux sols pollués." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE18006.
Full textCloez, Bertrand. "Comportement asymptotique de processus avec sauts et applications pour des modèles avec branchement." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00862913.
Full textLoum, Mor Absa. "Modèle de mélange et modèles linéaires généralisés, application aux données de co-infection (arbovirus & paludisme)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS299/document.
Full textWe are interested, in this thesis, to the study of mixture models and generalized linear models, with an application to co-infection data between arboviruses and malaria parasites. After a first part dedicated to the study of co-infection using a multinomial logistic model, we propose in a second part to study the mixtures of generalized linear models. The proposed method to estimate the parameters of the mixture is a combination of a moment method and a spectral method. Finally, we propose a final section for studing extreme value mixtures under random censoring. The estimation method proposed in this section is done in two steps based on the maximization of a likelihood
Tallet, Alexandra. "Contrôle des écoulements par modèles d'ordre réduit, en vue de l'application à la ventilation naturelle des bâtiments." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01071576.
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