Academic literature on the topic 'Modèle U-LTS'

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For improving the generality, expandability and accuracy, the general embedded intelligent monitoring system of tower crane is developed. The system can be applied to different kinds of tower cranes running at any lifting ratio, can be initialized using U disk with the information of tower crane, and fit the lifting torque curve automatically. In dangerous state, the system can sent out alarm signals with sounds and lights, and cut off power by sending signals to PLC through communication interface RS485. When electricity goes off suddenly, the system can record the real-time operating information automatically, and store them in a black box, which can be taken as the basis for confirming the accident responsibility.In recent years, tower cranes play a more and more important role in the construction of tall buildings, in other construction fields are also more widely used. For the safety of tower cranes, various monitors have been developed for monitoring the running information of crane tower [1-8]. These monitors can’t eliminate the errors caused by temperature variations automatically. The specific tower crane’s parameters such as geometric parameters, alarming parameters, lifting ratio, lifting torque should be embedded into the core program, so a monitor can only be applied to a specific type of tower crane, lack of generality and expansibility.For improving the defects of the existing monitors, a general intelligent monitoring modular system of tower crane with high precision is developed, which can initialize the system automatically, eliminate the temperature drift and creep effect of sensor, and store power-off data, which is the function of black box.Hardware design of the monitoring systemThe system uses modularized design mode. These modules include embedded motherboard module, sensor module, signal processing module, data acquisition module, power module, output control module, display and touch screen module. The hardware structure is shown in figure 1. Figure 1 Hardware structure of the monitoring systemEmbedded motherboard module is the core of the system. The motherboard uses the embedded microprocessor ARM 9 as MCU, onboard SDRAM and NAND Flash. Memory size can be chosen according to users’ needs. SDRAM is used for running procedure and cache data. NAND Flash is used to store embedded Linux operating system, applications and operating data of tower crane. Onboard clock with rechargeable batteries provides the information of year, month, day, hour, minute and second. This module provides time tag for real-time operating data. Most interfaces are taken out by the plugs on the embedded motherboard. They include I/O interface, RS232 interface, RS485 interface, USB interface, LCD interface, Audio interface, Touch Screen interface. Pull and plug structure is used between all interfaces and peripheral equipments, which not only makes the system to be aseismatic, but also makes its configuration flexible. Watch-dog circuit is designed on the embedded motherboard, which makes the system reset to normal state automatically after its crash because of interference, program fleet, or getting stuck in an infinite loop, so the system stability is improved greatly. In order to store operating data when power is down suddenly, the power-down protection circuit is designed. The saved data will be helpful to repeat the accident process later, confirm the accident responsibility, and provide the basis for structure optimization of tower crane.Sensor module is confirmed by the main parameters related to tower crane’s security, such as lifting weight, lifting torque, trolley luffing, lifting height, rotary angle and wind speed. Axle pin shear load cell is chosen to acquire lifting weight signals. Potentiometer accompanied with multi-stopper or incremental encoder is chosen to acquire trolley luffing and lifting height signals. Potentiometer accompanied with multi-stopper or absolute photoelectric encoder is chosen to acquire rotary angle signals. Photoelectric sensor is chosen to acquire wind speed signals. The output signals of these sensors can be 0~5V or 4~20mA analog signals, or digital signal from RS485 bus. The system can choose corresponding signal processing method according to the type of sensor signal, which increases the flexibility on the selection of sensors, and is helpful for the users to expand monitoring objects. If the acquired signal is analog signal, it will be processed with filtering, isolation, anti-interference processing by signal isolate module, and sent to A/D module for converting into digital signals, then transformed into RS485 signal by the communication protocol conversion device according to Modbus protocol. If the acquired signal is digital signal with RS485 interface, it can be linked to RS485 bus directly. All the acquired signals are sent to embedded motherboard for data processing through RS485 bus.The data acquisition module is linked to the data acquisition control module on embedded motherboard through RS485 interface. Under the control of program, the system inquires the sensors at regular intervals, and acquires the operating data of crane tower. Median filter technology is used to eliminate interferences from singularity signals. After analysis and processing, the data are stored in the database on ARM platform.Switch signal can be output to relay module or PLC from output control module through RS485 bus, then each actuator will be power on or power off according to demand, so the motion of tower crane will be under control.Video module is connected with motherboard through TFT interface. After being processed, real-time operating parameters are displayed on LCD. The working time, work cycle times, alarm, overweight and ultar-torque information will be stored into database automatically. For meeting the needs of different users, the video module is compatible with 5.7, 8.4 or 10.4 inches of color display.Touch screen is connected with embedded motherboard by touch screen interface, so human machine interaction is realized. Initialization, data download, alarm information inquire, parameter modification can be finished through touch screen.Speaker is linked with audio interface, thus alarm signals is human voice signal, not harsh buzz.USB interface can be linked to conventional U disk directly. Using U disk, users can upload basic parameters of tower crane, initialize system, download operating data, which provides the basis for the structural optimization and accident analysis. Software design of the monitoring systemAccording to the modular design principle, the system software is divided into grading encryption module, system update module, parameter settings module, calibration module, data acquisition and processor module, lifting parameters monitoring module, alarm query module, work statistics module.Alarm thresholds are guarantee for safety operation of the tower crane. Operating data of tower crane are the basis of service life prediction, structural optimization, accident analysis, accident responsibility confirmation. According to key field, the database is divided into different security levels for security requirements. Key fields are grade encryption with symmetrical encryption algorithm, and data keys are protected with elliptic curve encryption algorithm. The association is realized between the users’ permission and security grade of key fields, which will ensure authorized users with different grades to access the equivalent encrypted key fields. The user who meets the grade can access equivalent encrypted database and encrypted key field in the database, also can access low-grade encrypted key fields. This ensures the confidentiality and integrity of key data, and makes the system a real black box.The system is divided into operating mode and management mode in order to make the system toggle between the two states conveniently. The default state is operating mode. As long as the power is on, the monitoring system will be started by the system guide program, and monitor the operating state of the tower crane. The real-time operating data will be displayed on the display screen. At the dangerous state, warning signal will be sent to the driver through voice alarm and light alarm, and corresponding control signal will be output to execution unit to cut off relevant power for tower crane’s safety.By clicking at the mode switch button on the initial interface, the toggle can be finished between the management mode and the operating mode. Under the management mode, there are 4 grades encrypted modes, namely the system update, alarm query, parameter setting and data query. The driver only can browse relevant information. Ordinary administrator can download the alarm information for further analysis. Senior administrator can modify the alarm threshold. The highest administrator can reinitialize system to make it adapt to different types of tower crane. Only browse and download function are available in the key fields of alarm inquiry, anyone can't modify the data. The overload fields in alarm database are encrypted, only senior administrator can browse. The sensitive fields are prevented from being tampered to the great extent, which will provide the reliable basis for the structural optimization and accident analysis. The system can be initialized through the USB interface. Before initialization, type, structural parameters, alarm thresholds, control thresholds, lifting torque characteristics of tower crane should be made as Excel files and then converted to XML files by format conversion files developed specially, then the XML files are downloaded to U disk. The U disk is inserted into USB interface, then the highest administrator can initialize the system according to hints from system. After initialization, senior administrator can modify structural parameters, alarm thresholds, control thresholds by clicking on parameters setting menu. So long as users can make the corresponding excel form, the system initialization can be finished easily according to above steps and used for monitoring. This is very convenient for user.Tower crane belongs to mobile construction machinery. Over time, sensor signals may have some drift, so it is necessary to calibrate the system regularly for guaranteeing the monitoring accuracy. Considering the tower is a linear elastic structure, sensors are linear sensors,in calibration linear equation is used:y=kx+b (1)where x is sample value of sensor, y is actual value. k, b are calibration coefficients, and are calculated out by two-points method. At running mode, the relationship between x and y is:y=[(y1-y0)/(x1-x0)](x-x0)+y0 (2)After calibration, temperature drift and creep can be eliminated, so the monitoring accuracy is improved greatly.Lifting torque is the most important parameter of condition monitoring of tower crane. Comparing the real-time torque M(L) with rated torque Me(L), the movement of tower crane can be controlled under a safe status.M (L)= Q (L)×L (3)Where, Q(L)is actual lifting weight, L is trolley luffing. Me(L) = Qe(L)×L (4)Where, Q e(L) is rated lifting weight. The design values of rated lifting weight are discrete, while trolley luffing is continuous. Therefore there is a rated lifting weight in any position. According to the mechanical characteristics of tower crane, the rated lifting weight is calculated out at any point by 3 spline interpolation according to the rated lifting weight at design points.When lifting weight or lifting torque is beyond rated value, alarm signal and control signal will be sent out. The hoist motor with high, medium and low speed is controlled by the ratio of lifting weight Q and maximum lifting weight Qmax,so the hoisting speed can be controlled automatically by the lifting weight. The luffing motor with high and low speed is controlled by the ratio of lifting torque M and rated lifting torque Me. Thus the luffing speed can be controlled by the lifting torque automatically. The flow chart is shown in figure 2. Fig. 2 real-time control of lifting weight and lifting torqueWhen accidents take place, power will be off suddenly. It is vital for identifying accident liability to record the operating data at the time of power-off. If measures are not taken to save the operating data, the relevant departments is likely to shirk responsibility. In order to solve the problem, the power-off protection module is designed. The module can save the operating data within 120 seconds automatically before power is off suddenly. In this 120 seconds, data is recorded every 0.1 seconds, and stores in a 2D array with 6 rows 1200 columns in queue method. The elements of the first line are the recent time (year-month-day-hour-minute-second), the elements of the second line to sixth line are lifting weight, lifting torque, trolley luffing, lifting height and wind speed in turn. The initial values are zero, when a set of data are obtained, the elements in the first column are eliminated, the elements in the backward columns move frontwards, new elements are filled into the last column of the array, so the array always saves the operating data at the recent 120 seconds. In order to improve the real-time property of the response, and to extend the service life of the nonvolatile memory chip EEPROM-93C46, the array is cached in volatile flip SDRAM usually. So long as power-off signal produces, the array will be shift to EEPROM, at once.In order to achieve the task, the external interruption thread and the power-off monitoring thread of program is set up, the power-off monitoring thread of program is the highest priority. These two threads is idle during normal operation. When power is off, the power-off monitoring thread of program can be executed immediately. When power-off is monitored by power-off control circuit, the external interruption pins produces interrupt signal. The ARM microprocessor responds to external interrupt request, and wakes up the processing thread of external interruption, then sets synchronized events as informing state. After receiving the synchronized events, the data cached in SDRAM will be written to EEPROM in time.ConclusionThe general intelligence embedded monitoring system of tower crane, which can be applicable to various types of tower crane operating under any lifting rates, uses U disk with the information of the tower crane to finish the system initialization and fits the lifting torque curve automatically. In dangerous state, the system will give out the voice and light alarm, link with the relay or PLC by the RS485 communication interface, and cut off the power. When power is down suddenly, the instantaneous operating data can be recorded automatically, and stored in a black box, which can be taken as the proof for identifying accident responsibility. The system has been used to monitor the "JiangLu" series of tower cranes successfully, and achieved good social and economic benefits.AcknowledgementsThe authors wish to thank China Natural Science Foundation(50975289), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(20100471229), Hunan science & technology plan, Jianglu Machinery & Electronics Co. Ltd for funding this work.Reference Leonard Bernold. Intelligent Technology for Crane Accident Prevention. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 1997, 9: 122~124.Gu Lichen,Lei Peng,Jia Yongfeng. Tower crane' monitor and control based on multi-sensor. Journal of Vibration, Measurement and Diagnosis. 2006, 26(SUPPL.): 174-178.Wang Ming,Zhang Guiqing,Yan Qiao,et, al. Development of a novel black box for tower crane based on an ARM-based embedded system. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Automation and Logistics. 2007: 82-87.Wang Renqun, Yin Chenbo, Zhang Song, et, al. Tower Crane Safety Monitoring and Control System Based on CAN Bus. Instrument Techniques and Sensor. 2010(4): 48-51.Zheng Conghai,Li Yanming,Yang Shanhu,et, al. Intelligent Monitoring System for Tower Crane Based on BUS Architecture and Cut IEEE1451 Standard. Computer Measurement & Control. 2010, 18, (9): 1992-1995.Yang Yu,Zhenlian Zhao,Liang Chen. Research and Design of Tower Crane Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis System. 2010 Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence. 2010: 405-408.Yu Yang, Chen Liang, Zhao Zhenlian. Research and design of tower crane condition monitoring and fault diagnosis system. International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence, 2010, 3: 405-408.Chen Baojiang, Zeng Xiaoyuan. Research on structural frame of the embedded monitoring and control system for tower crane. 2010 International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering. 2010: 5374-5377.

Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a molecularly and clinically heterogeneous hematological malignancy. Chemotherapy resistance is common, and relapse is the major cause of treatment failure. Although immunotherapy may be an attractive modality to exploit in patients with AML, the ability to predict the groups of patients and the types of cancer that will respond to immune targeting remains limited. Methods Immune gene expression profiling for the high-dimensional analysis of the immunological landscape of bone marrow (BM) samples from patients with newly-diagnosed (de novo) non-promyelocytic AML (n=387) was employed to analyze the tumor microenvironment (TME). We derived immune scores from mRNA expression levels and devised an RNA-based, quantitative metric of immune infiltration, as previously published (Danaher P, et al. JITC 2017 and 2018). The PanCancer IO360™ gene expression assay was used to profile BM samples collected prior to and during flotetuzumab (FLZ) treatment from 30 AML patients treated at the RP2D (500 ng/kg/day) in the CP-MGD006-01 clinical trial (NCT#02152956), primary refractory, n=23 or relapsed, n=7. IO360 score comparisons are presented as mean ± SD and significance was assessed by the Mann Whitney U test. Results Analysis of pre-treatment BM samples from de novo AML revealed distinct immune signature modules, reflecting the co-expression of genes associated with 1) an IFNγ-dominant TME, 2) adaptive immune responses, and 3) myeloid cell abundance. When considered in aggregate, the relative intensity of gene expression in the immune modules stratified BM samples into two subgroups, which will be herein termed immune-infiltrated and immune-depleted. When AML patients were dichotomized based on median immune scores, high versus low, a higher percentage of primary refractory patients was observed within the IFNγ high module (65.4% versus 34.6%; p=0.0022). In multivariate logistic regression, an IFNγ high profile (derived from the IFNγ-dominant module) was predictive of therapeutic resistance to induction chemotherapy, even more than ELN risk categories (AUROC = 0.815 versus 0.702 with ELN risk only). In a validation cohort, Beat AML series, the IFNγ high profile when compared to other clinically established prognostic indicators in AML, i.e. disease type (primary versus secondary), WBC count, patient age at diagnosis, and ELN risk categories was significantly more predictive of therapeutic resistance to induction chemotherapy (AUROC=0.921 versus 0.709 with ELN cytogenetic risk alone; two-tailed p value=0.002673). Similarly, a higher percentage of patients with an IFNγ high profile AML in the HOVON series failed to achieve CR in response to induction chemotherapy when compared to AML cases with an IFNγ low profile (27.2% versus 15.2%; p=0.0004). We hypothesized that higher expression of IFNγ inducible genes, while underpinning chemotherapy resistance, might identify AML patients who derive benefit from immunotherapy with FLZ. BM samples from 92% of patients with evidence of FLZ anti-leukemic activity (ALA), which was defined as either CR, CRh, CRi, PR or overall benefit (>30% reduction in BM blasts), had an immune infiltrated TME relative to non-responders (SD or PD). Interestingly, the IFNγ-signaling score was significantly higher in patients with chemotherapy-refractory AML compared with relapsed AML at time of FLZ treatment, and in individuals with evidence of ALA compared to non-responders (p<0.0001). Additionally, another IFNγ-related score, the tumor inflammation signature (TIS), had strong predictive power of anti-leukemic activity to FLZ, with an AUROC value of 0.847 (p=0.001). FLZ also modified the TME, and on-treatment BM samples (available in 19 patients at the end of cycle 1) displayed increased expression of antigen presentation and immune activation genes relative to baseline, and had higher TIS scores (6.47±0.22 versus 5.93±0.15, p=0.0006), antigen processing machinery scores (5.67±0.16 versus 5.31±0.12, p=0.002), IFNγ signaling scores (3.58±0.27 versus 2.81±0.24, p=0.0004) and PD-L1 expression (3.43±0.28 versus 2.73±0.21, p=0.0062). Conclusions Our findings to date suggest that microenvironmental immune gene profiles could be used to inform the delivery of personalized immunotherapies to patients with IFNγ-dominant AML subtypes, and identify patients less likely to respond to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Disclosures Minden: Trillium Therapetuics: Other: licensing agreement. Hood:NanoString Technologies, Inc.: Employment. Church:NanoString Technologies, Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership. Sullivan:NanoString Technologies, Inc.: Employment. Viboch:NanoString Technologies, Inc.: Employment. Warren:NanoString Technologies, Inc.: Employment. Liang:NanoString Technologies, Inc.: Employment. Cesano:NanoString Technologies, Inc.: Employment. Löwenberg:Chairman, Leukemia Cooperative Trial Group HOVON (Netherlands: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Agios Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Astellas: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Astex: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Up-to-Date", section editor leukemia: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; CELYAD: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Chairman Scientific Committee and Member Executive Committee, European School of Hematology (ESH, Paris, France): Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Elected member, Royal Academy of Sciences and Arts, The Netherlands: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Editorial Board "European Oncology & Haematology": Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Clear Creek Bio Ltd: Consultancy, Honoraria; Hoffman-La Roche Ltd: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Frame Pharmaceuticals: Equity Ownership; Royal Academy of Sciences and Arts, The Netherlands: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Supervisory Board, National Comprehensive Cancer Center (IKNL), Netherland: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Tasian:Incyte Corportation: Research Funding; Gilead Sciences: Research Funding; Aleta Biotherapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Rettig:WashU: Patents & Royalties: Patent Application 16/401,950. Davidson-Moncada:MacroGenics, Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership. DiPersio:Celgene: Consultancy; NeoImmune Tech: Research Funding; Macrogenics: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Incyte: Consultancy, Research Funding; Karyopharm Therapeutics: Consultancy; RiverVest Venture Partners Arch Oncology: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Cellworks Group, Inc.: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amphivena Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Magenta Therapeutics: Equity Ownership; WUGEN: Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; Bioline Rx: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Rutella:NanoString Technologies, Inc.: Research Funding; MacroGenics, Inc.: Research Funding.

SANOGO Rokia1,2, DEMBELE Daouda L1, DOUMBIA Sékou1, Aichata B. A. MARIKO1, FOFANA Mohamed Yacine3, Introduction : Au Mali, le succès de la recherche du Département Médecine Traditionnelle (DMT), de l’ex-Institut National de Recherche en Santé Publique (INRSP) a permis la mise au point de 14 Médicaments Traditionnels Améliorés (MTA) qui ont eu une Autorisation de Mise sur le Marché (AMM) depuis 1983 dont 7 sont sur la Liste Nationale des Médicaments Essentiels (LNME) du Mali (1 sirop, de 5 tisanes, 1 pommade). Le DMT a mis au point de nouveaux MTA sous forme de pommade. L’objectif de cette communication, est de passer en revue les études précliniques, cliniques, la formulation et la production des MTA surs- efficaces-de qualité et accessibles. Matériel et méthodes : Différents échantillons de plantes ont été récoltés, séchés, pulvérisés. Le contrôle de qualité a été effectué, les extraits ont été préparés, les études phytochimiques, pharmacologiques et de toxicité ont été réalisées. Des extraits ont été utilisés pour formuler une pommade avec différents excipients notamment le beurre de karité. Dans certains cas, les pommades ont été soumises aux essais cliniques. Résultats et Discussion : Les principales pommades sont : i) MITRADERMINE pommade à base de Mitracarpus scaber utilisée dans la prise en charge de dermatoses ; ii) SECUDOL pommade à base de Securidaca longipedunculata, indiqué contre les manifestations douloureuses et inflammatoires articulaires ; iii) OPICICA pommade de base de Opilia celtidifolia, comme cicatrisante ; iv) LAFIA Pommades, à base de Fagara zanthoxyloides, Securidaca longepedunculata et de Capsicum annuum, utilisées dans la prise en charge de la douleur. Dans l’ensemble, les pommades de bonne qualité, ont présenté une consistance semi solide, une bonne homogénéité et de différentes couleurs et odeurs. Ces pommades doivent présenter les mêmes propriétés des extraits qui ont servis de principes actifs. En perspective, il faudra améliorer les pommades avec l’incorporation de la cire d’abeille et vérifier leur tolerabilité et l’efficacité, notamment mener une investigation clinique pour compléter le dossier de demande d’autorisation mise sur le marché des pommades. Elles peuvent être proposées pour la prise en charge médicale de la douleur notamment au niveau local. Expérience n°2 : Potentiel de développement de Phytomédicaments antipaludiques pour Phytomed CI. Professeur KOUAKOU SIRANSY, UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques ; Côte d’Ivoire Contexte : Le développement de phytomédicaments ou médicaments traditionnels améliorés en Afrique sub-saharienne connait un succès grandissant. En Côte d’Ivoire, diverses unités artisanales de fabrication de phytomédicaments se développent mais restent peu évalués pour leur efficacité, innocuité et qualité. Justificatif : Parmi toutes les pathologies affectant la population subsaharienne, le paludisme occupe une place importante étant la première cause de maladie infectieuse parasitaire, et la 3ème cause de maladies infectieuses. Les produits de santé des tradithérapeutes restent peu évalués pour leur efficacité, innocuité et qualité. Les chercheurs et enseignants chercheurs au sein des universités ont emboîté le pas dans plusieurs pays. En Côte d’Ivoire aucune université n’a franchi le pas de la production à l’échelle d’unité industrielle pilote. Objectif : L’objectif de ce travail visait à sélectionner des plantes pour la mise au point de phytomédicaments antipaludiques de qualité de catégorie 2 OMS. Méthodologie : La sélection des plantes à l’essai a concerné celles ayant fait l’objet de travaux de recherche des Universités en Côte d’Ivoire. Parmi ces derniers, ceux évaluant l’effet sur des extraits aqueux de parties aériennes des plantes. De ces extraits ceux présentant les meilleures inhibitions de croissance du Plasmodium selon les critères de Wilcox, ont été retenues pour la mise au point de phytomédicaments de catégorie 2 OMS. Les essais de pré formulation er formulation galénique à l’échelle de laboratoire ont permis de mettre en œuvre le procédé de fabrication adéquat. Une transposition à l’échelle pilote a été ensuite réalisée pour démontrer la reproductibilité de la fabrication industrielle de la forme galénique mise au point. Résultats : Ces résultats issus des travaux de chercheurs des universités ivoiriennes ont permis de recenser 58 plantes médicinales étudiées pour leur activité antiplasmodiale depuis 1996. Parmi ces plantes 38 ont fait l’objet d’extraits aqueux, décoctés ou infusés. Sept extraits aqueux présentant de CI50 <5µg/ml ont été retenues entre autres. Cependant la majorité des études scientifiques portant sur les plantes médicinales potentiellement antipaludiques ont été réalisées dans des modèles in vitro, rare sont celle réalisés in vivo, dans des modèles murins. Les résultats des essais pharmacologiques, de formulation et de transposition à l’échelle pilote ont permis de disposer de gélules à base de granulés de plantes issus d’une granulation humide. Conclusion : Les travaux scientifiques des Universités de Côte d’Ivoire offre un large éventail de plantes médicinales à potentiel antimalarial pour la conception de phytomédicaments de qualité de catégorie 2 OMS. Des essais préliminaires réalisés in vivo ont permis d’obtenir un brevet d’invention. Expérience n°3 : Processus de Recherche-Développement (R&D) et production d’un phytomédicament destiné au traitement de la drépanocytose : FACA Dr Salfo OUEDRAOGO, PharmD, M.Sc. Pharma, PhD, Maître de Recherche en Pharmacie Galénique et Industrielle, Chef de service Production CNRST/IRSS/MEPHATRA/PH, Pharmacien chef de l’Unité de Production Pharmaceutique (U-PHARMA), Tel : (+226) 70 45 89 36/78 41 54 64 Résumé : Depuis l’antiquité, l’humanité a toujours recours aux plantes médicinales comme moyens de traitement adéquat, préventifs ou curatifs, plus ou moins efficaces qui sont perfectionnés sous le coup de recherches. Malgré les grands progrès observés dans la médecine moderne au cours des dernières décennies, les plantes médicinales jouent toujours un rôle clé dans la prise en charge des maladies. Certaines plantes utilisées au XVIIIe siècle sont toujours au cœur de la médecine et pharmacopée après que leur efficacité ait été scientifiquement démontrée. Dans ce contexte, plusieurs programmes sont développés par de nombreux centres pour la recherche de nouvelles molécules mais aussi pour la mise au point de médicaments à base de plantes. Ce travail repose sur un retour d’expérience d’un praticien de la médecine traditionnelle qui utilisait une combinaison de deux plantes médicinales ((Zanthoxylum Zanthoxyloïdes Lam. (Rutaceae) Calotropis procera Ait. (Asclepiadaceae)) pour traiter la drépanocytose. L’approche repose sur une démarche de la pharmacologie inverse. La première étape a consisté à réaliser une étude pharmacoclinique comparée à un traitement standard qui est la dihydroergotoxine (HYDERGINE®) chez des enfants en crise drépanocytaire. Les propriétés antifalciformantes ont été confirmés par des études in vitro. La deuxième étape a concerné les études chimiques et biologiques in vitro et in vivo qui ont permis la mise en évidence de la sécurité d’emploi ainsi que des propriétés (anti falciformantes, anti-œdémateuses, analgésiques, antipyrétiques, myorelaxantes, vaso-dilatatrices, etc.) liées à la physiopathologie de la maladie. La troisième étape a abouti à la formulation et à la standardisation suite à l’identification de molécules traceurs qui sont des dérivés d’acide vanillique (burkinabines » A, B et C). Des études de validation du procédé de fabrication suivi de stabilité ont été réalisées avant la production et la commercialisation après autorisation de mise sur le marché. Cette démarche a permis la mise au point d’un phytomédicament qui suscite un grand espoir pour le traitement de la drépanocytose au regard des résultats de l’étude de pharmacovigilance Expérience n°4 : The Role of Quality Management Systems in the Advancement of the Herbal Medicine Industry in Ghana Caleb Mawuli AGBALE Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Ghana Research and Development Department, Centre of Awareness Research and Manufacturing Company Limited (COA RMCL), Cape Coast, Ghana Plant Extracts Process Engineering Unit, McHammah Engineering Company Ltd, Accra Ghana Correspondence: Cell: +233 208 232 659 Email: magbale@ucc.edu.gh The herbal medicine industry holds great potential in the quest to transform the healthcare systems and economies within sub-Saharan Africa. Although the herbal medicine sector has made significant strides in Ghana over the last 3 decades there remain significant challenges to be addressed to achieve the expected benefit outlined in health policies and sustainable development strategies. This presentation will take a critical look at these challenges and how these could be addressed through the adoption of quality management systems and investment in research and development using the examples of COA- RMCL, Kantanka Herbal and Pharmaceutical Research Centre and startups like DaySpring Phytoceuticals. These examples demonstrate that the effective implementation of QMS ensures operational consistency, ease of traceability of products batches, continuous improvement and evidence- based decision making. Finally, strategies that could be adopted to ensure that herbal medicine plays a dominant role in the healthcare system across the sub region are discussed. Expérience n°5 : Développement de MelaK@ crème pour le traitement des brûlures chez l’enfant (Expérience du CEA-CFOREM) UNIVERSITE JOSEPH KI ZERBO (UJKZ) Centre de Formation, de Recherche et d’Expertises en sciences du Médicament (CEA-CFOREM) Tél. : (+226) 75 55 20 20 ; Email : cea.cforem.ujkz@gmail.com Pr. Rasmané Semdé, CEA-CFOREM, École doctorale sciences et santé (ED2S), UFR - Sciences de la santé (UFR/SDS), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso Les brûlures cutanées figurent parmi les problèmes de santé majeurs en Afrique, avec plus de 17 millions de victimes chaque année. Au Burkina Faso, l’incidence est en croissance avec 13,7% des enfants de moins de 5 ans. La prise en charge précoce et appropriée aide à minimiser la douleur, à prévenir les complications et à favoriser une guérison rapide. Elle peut nécessiter une urgence médico-chirurgicale, une réanimation ou juste un traitement local utilisant des produits importés sont souvent financièrement inaccessibles aux populations africaines. MelaK@ crème est une émulsion Huile dans Eau constituée du miel et du beurre de karité, fournis à des prix abordables par des producteurs sélectionnés du Burkina Faso. Elle visait à créer un effet synergique entre les propriétés anti-inflammatoire, cicatrisante et antimicrobienne du miel et celles régénératrice et photoprotectrice du beurre de karité. Le travail de développement a permis d’obtenir un produit d’application aisée, homogène et stable sous certaines conditions de conservation. Après avoir démontré son efficacité comparée aux traitements modernes conventionnels par des tests in vivo sur des rats de laboratoire, puis confirmée par une étude clinique en 2020chez des brulés de 2nd degré, l’émulsion a été brevetée à l’Organisation Africaine de la Propriété intellectuelle (OAPI) le 13/07/2020, sous le N°19447. MelaK@ crème est présentée dans des tubes en aluminium verni de 45 g et de 75 g pour application locale destinés aux traitements des brûlures. Demandée comme préparation magistrale à travers les officines pharmaceutiques privées par les chirurgiens pédiatres des CHU du Burkina Faso, plus de 1500 tubes préparés à l’échelle du laboratoire ont déjà permis de traiter plus de 250 enfants brulés. Face à la demande croissante des praticiens hospitaliers et du grand public, un business plan démontre sa rentabilité, le dossier de demande d’AMM d’un médicament traditionnel amélioré (MTA) de catégorie II a déjà été déposé à l’ANRP du Burkina Faso.

Ce travail a été réalisé dans le but d'apporter une contribution à l'étude de la plasticité induite par transformation (TRIP) à travers des analyses expérimentales et numériques. Pour ce faire, du point de vue expérimental, un programme expérimental original sur l'acier 35NCD16 observant les comportements des transformations austénite → martensite est réalisé sous différentes conditions de chargement. Les résultats indiquent que : (i) le TRIP n'a pas d'effet mémoire significatif, (ii) le matériau peut présenter une récupération de l'écrouissage pendant la transformation martensite → austénite, (iii) une dissymétrie entre les réponses du TRIP en tension et en compression a été observée, (iv) l'existence d'une contre-contrainte du TRIP a été révélée, (v) la quantité de TRIP final peut être considérée comme proportionnelle à la norme de la contrainte appliquée tant que cette dernière ne dépasse pas la limite d'élasticité, et (vi) une légère orientation physique a toutefois été observée lors de l'analyse microstructurale de notre matériau, ce qui pourrait suggérer une faible contribution du mécanisme de Magee dans le TRIP. Quant au côté numérique, les capacités prédictives du modèle Leblond – Taleb – Sidoroff (LTS) et de sa version actualisée (U – LTS) sont mises à l'épreuve en simulant les essais expérimentaux réalisés dans le cadre de cette étude. Nos résultats montrent que (i) le modèle LTS surestime les résultats expérimentaux, (ii) le modèle LTS ne parvient pas à décrire la dissymétrie entre les réponses TRIP en tension et en compression, (iii) en utilisant le modèle U – LTS, les résultats comparatifs montrent d'excellentes capacités à simuler la base de données expérimentale réalisée dans ce travail, en particulier par rapport au modèle LTS. Bien que nos résultats expérimentaux aient montré des résultats significatifs, en particulier lorsqu'ils sont comparés aux modèles observés dans notre étude, il est recommandé de poursuivre les recherches en prenant en compte d'autres aciers et d'autres transformations
This thesis has been created with the objective of providing a contribution to the study of transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) via experimental and numerical analyses. To do so, from the experimental point of view, an original experimental program on 35NCD16 steel observing the behaviors of austenite → martensite transformations were performed under different loading conditions. The results indicate that: (i) TRIP does not hold any significant memory effect, (ii) the material may present recovery from strain hardening during the martensite → austenite transformation, (iii) a dissymmetry between the TRIP responses under tension and compression were observed, (iv) the existence of TRIP backstress was revealed, (v) the amount of final TRIP may be considered proportional to the norm of the applied stress as long as the latter does not exceed the yield stress, and (vi) a slight physical orientation has however been observed when carrying out microstructural analyses on our material, which could suggest a small contribution of the Magee mechanism in TRIP. As for the numerical side, the predictive capabilities of the Leblond – Taleb – Sidoroff (LTS) model, and its updated version (U – LTS) are put to the test by simulating the experimental tests performed for this study. Our results show that: (i) the LTS model overestimates the experimental results, (ii) the LTS model fails in describing the dissymmetry between the TRIP responses under tension and compression, (iii) when using the U – LTS model, the comparative results show excellent capabilities in simulating the experimental data base performed in this work, especially compared to the LTS model. While our experimental results showed significant results, especially when put up against to the models observed in our study, further research considering other steels and other transformations is recommended

This chapter discusses models like the exponential regression model y = a[1− exp(− bx)] where if a = 0 then b is an indeterminate, non-identifiable parameter, as it vanishes from the model. The hypothesis test that H0 : a = 0 versus H1 : a ≠ 0 is then non-standard. The well-known Davies test is explained. This uses a portmanteau test statistic T that is a functional of Sn(b), L< b< U, where Sn(b) is a regular test statistic of the null hypothesis a = 0 versus the alternative a ≠ 0 with b fixed. The null distribution of T is not usually easy to obtain. One can instead just test if a = 0 using a GoF test or a lack-of-fit test with an alternative hypothesis not specified. In the exponential regression example, this means simply testing if the observations are solely pure error. This elementary approach is compared with the Davies approach.

AbstractIf the spatial variation of plasma is longer than the particle mean free path and the time variation is sufficiently longer than the plasma Coulomb collision time, the plasma can be approximated as being in local thermal equilibrium (LTE) at any point (t, r). Then the velocity distribution functions of the particles become Maxwellian. In addition, assuming Maxwellian is also a good assumption in many cases even for collisionless plasmas such as high-temperature fusion plasmas. In the fluid model of plasmas, The plasmas can be described in terms of five variables characterizing local Maxwellian: the density n(t, r), flow velocity vector u(t,r), and temperature T(t, r). So, the mathematics used in fluid physics is widely applicable to studying plasma phenomena.Although conventional fluids are neutral, plasma fluids of electrons and ions couple with electromagnetic fields. It is, therefore, necessary to solve Maxwell’s equations simultaneously. It is also possible to approximate electrons and ions as two different fluids or as a single fluid in case-by-case. This requires an insight into what kind of physics is important in our problem.After reviewing the basic equation of fluids, several fluid models for plasmas are shown. Especially, a variety of waves appears because of charged particle fluids are derived to know why waves are fundamental to knowing the plasma dynamics. The mathematical method to obtain the wave solutions as an initial value problem is explained as well as the meaning of the resultant dispersion relations.Magneto-hydrodynamic equations (MHD) are derived to explain the effects of the Biermann battery, magnetic dynamo, etc. The relationship of magnetic field and vortex flow is studied. Resistive MHD is derived including the Nernst effect, which becomes important for the magnetic field in strong electron heat flux.Finally, electromagnetic (EM) waves in magnetized plasmas are derived to see how to use for diagnostics in the laboratory and observation of wide range of electromagnetic waves from the Universe.

Abstract We use a simple example of a two-point boundary value problem (Lu)(x) = -u"(x) + u(x) = f(x) u'(O) = u'(l) = 0. for O &lt; X &lt; 1, to illustrate major issues and concepts of information-based complexity. First, we must describe our problem more carefully. That is, we specify the problem formulation, permissible information, and a model of computation.

The Miller-Orr cash management model is presented. Every day, if the cash on hand exceeds an upper limit U, enough cash is transferred into a money market to decrease the cash level to a target T. If the cash on hand is below a minimum level M, enough cash is transferred out of the money market to bring the cash level up to the target T. The cash flow is normally distributed with a zero mean and a standard deviation of $10,000. The decision variables are U and T. Minimum level M is set to $15,000. The objective is to maximize the mean profit over the time horizon, where profit is interest on the money market minus the transaction's costs. The constraints are that M &lt;= T &lt;= U. T and U should be round numbers with discrete options on adjustable cells, using a step size of $100.

The purpose of this note is to present compositions of linear transformations in the language of matrices, as well as to present geometric interpretations for some particular cases of order 2 matrices such as reflections around the x and y axes, reflections around the origin, contraction, expansion or homothetic, horizontal and vertical shear, counterclockwise rotation, orthogonal projection of u = (x, y) on the line G : y = ax, a /= 0, as well as the reflection of the same vector around this same line. It is worth mentioning that your compositions in the language of matrices is a first model of computer graphics. Illustratively, for example, the expansion of factor k : Hk (x, y) = (kx, ky) or in the language of matrices, represents a computer zoom by zooming if k > 1 or contracting if 0 < k < 1.

Bu araştırmanın amacı genç futbolcuların aerobik ve anaerobik kapasiteleri ve futbola özgü teknik becerilerinin incelenmesidir. Bu araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama modeli kullanıldı. Araştırmanın örneklem grubu Bayburt Özel İdare Spor Kulübü U-19 kategorisinde futbol oynayan 38 futbolcudan oluşturuldu. Futbolculardan antropometrik ölçümler (boy, kilo), anaerobik testler (dikey sıçrama testi, esneklik testi, illinois çeviklik testi, bacak kuvvet testi, yıldız denge testi), aerobik test (cooper testi) ve Mor-christian genel futbol yetenek testi (top sürme, şut ve pas isabeti) ölçümleri alındı. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen ölçüm sonuçları SPSS 22 paket programına aktarılarak öncelikle normallik testi uygulandı. Yapılan ölçümlerde elde edilen verilerin ortalama ve standart sapma değerleri hesaplandı. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre veri dağılımının çarpıklık ve basıklık değerleri, Tabachnick ve Fidell (2013)’in bir verinin normal dağılıp dağılmadığının göstergesi olarak bildirdiği -1,5 ile + 1,5 arasında olduğu görüldü ve verilerin normal dağılım gösterdiği anlaşıldı. Normal dağılım gösteren bu veri setlerinin analizlerinde parametrik testlerden One Away Anova (Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi) ve descriptives testleri yapıldı. Sporculara uygulanan testler sonucunda futbolcuların anaerobik testleri (çeviklik, esneklik, bacak kuvvet, dikey sıçrama ve yıldız denge) aerobik testi(dayanıklılık) futbola özgü becerilerin ve yeteneklerin (top sürme, şut ve pas isabeti) uygulanması üzerinde sırasıyla (p<,000-, p<,000-, p<,000) anlamlı farklılık olduğu bulgularına ulaşıldı. Çalışmanın sonucu olarak motor becerlerilerin (çeviklik, esneklik, kuvvet, dayanıklılık ve güç) futbola özgü teknik becerileri (top sürme, şut ve pas isabeti) olumlu yönde etkilediği düşünülmektedir.

ABSTRACT Records of high-pressure/low-temperature (HP-LT) metamorphic interfaces are not common in Precambrian orogens. It should be noted that the association of HP-LT metamorphic interfaces and strongly deformed ocean plate stratigraphy that form accretionary prisms between trenches and magmatic arcs are recognized as hallmark signatures of modern plate tectonics. In East Africa (Tanzania), the Paleoproterozoic Ubendian-Usagaran Belt records a HP-LT metamorphic interface that we consider as a centerpiece in reviewing the description of tectonic units of the Ubendian-Usagaran Belt and defining a new tectonic model. Our new U-Pb zircon age and the interpretations from existing data reveal an age between 1920 and 1890 Ma from the kyanite bearing eclogites. This establishment adds to the information of already known HP-LT metamorphic events at 2000 Ma, 1890–1860 Ma, and 590–520 Ma from the Ubendian-Usagaran Belt. Arc–back-arc signatures from eclogites imply that their mafic protoliths were probably eroded from arc basalt above a subduction zone and were channeled into a subduction zone as mélanges and got metamorphosed. The Ubendian-Usagaran events also record rifting, arc and back-arc magmatism, collisional, and hydrothermal events that preceded or followed HP-LT tectonic events. Our new tectonic subdivision of the Ubendian Belt is described as: (1) the western Ubendian Corridor, mainly composed of two Proterozoic suture zones (subduction at 2000, 1920–1890, Ma and 590–500 Ma) in the Ufipa and Nyika Terranes; (2) the central Ubendian Corridor, predominated by metamorphosed mafic-ultramafic rocks in the Ubende, Mbozi, and Upangwa Terranes that include the 1890–1860 Ma eclogites with mid-ocean ridge basalt affinity in the Ubende Terrane; and (3) the eastern Ubendian Corridor (the Katuma and Lupa Terranes), characterized by reworked Archean crust.

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The development and optimization of two stroke engines, especially the development of internal mixture preparation and the combustion process, require effective and reliable simulation in order to shorten the development time and to reduce prototype and test bench costs. CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) is a state of the art tool to optimize and visualize the fluid processes, e.g. scavenging, in-cylinder charge motion, spray formation, mixture preparation or combustion. The drawback of full 3D CFD simulation is the required time for grid generation and calculation of the model, especially for the simulations in the early development phase or in the concept phase as the available time for simulation is limited. Additionally, two stroke specific models e.g. for the reed valve, are not available in commercial 3D CFD codes.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In previous investigations [SAE <a href="http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/2005-32-0099" target="_blank">2005-32-0099</a>] the strategies and the requirements for a predictive simulation have been discussed. Consequently, a new methodology which bases on the combination of 3-dimensional (3D) and 0/1-dimensional (0/1D) CFD simulation has been presented. This methodology uses a new multidimensional interface technology which has been discussed in [SAE <a href="http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/2006-32-0059" target="_blank">2006-32-0059</a>]. The new interfacing technology is able to handle 3D/3D, 3D/1D or 3D/0D connections. This allows the replacement of regions with typically high numbers of cells by fast-calculating 0D or 1D models in order to reduce the number of 3D cells and therewith computational time.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In the present paper these new models and their formulation and validation are presented in detail:</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><u>Reed valve model:</u> Two different approaches for the simulation of the behavior of the reed petal are developed and compared. The first one describes the reed motion based on a spring - damping system for a single oscillating mass. The second model is based on a bending beam model using the superposition of Eigenmodes. These models are validated with measurements using a high-speed camera to determine the reed motion shape and lift. Accompanying 3D CFD simulations are used for the visualization of the pressure and mass flow distribution.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><u>Exhaust model:</u> For the simulation of the gas dynamics and the heat transfer in the exhaust, a 1D simulation tool using a 2^nd order Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) solver is developed.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><u>Crank case model:</u> The crank case is described by a 0D model of a variable volume with wall heat flux.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The exhaust and the crank case models are validated by comparison to commercial 1D CFD codes.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The reed valve, the crank case and the exhaust model form a tool box for predictive two stroke engine simulation. This methodology allows adjusting the model in the development process according to the required flow details, accuracy and available simulation time.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The discussion about the impact of the tool box on the development work and the comparison to conventional methodology concludes the paper.</div></div>

<p>This paper proposed an integrated framework for detecting and segmenting road cracks in complex backgrounds. Based on the latest real-time object detection algorithm, YOLOv5l6, a modified U-Net embedded Bottleneck and Attention mechanism modules was developed to segment crack pixels from the detected crack regions. Validation of the proposed approach was conducted based on a total of 150 images, which were taken from different backgrounds, angles, and distances. Based on the computation, the results derived from the YOLOv5l6-based crack detection had a mean average precision of 92%, and the mean intersection of the union of the modified U-Net was 87%, which is at least 11% higher than the original U-Net model. The results showed the integrated approach could be a potential basis for an automated road-condition evaluation scheme for road operation and maintenance.</p>

Lift-offset coaxial compound rotorcraft designs have been proposed for the U. S. Army Future Vertical Lift (FVL) programs. Without a need for the tail rotor and equipped with a pusher-propeller, the coaxial compound configuration is capable of achieving high airspeeds and perform maneuvers not feasible for the conventional rotorcraft. To facilitate an independent assessment of the lift-offset coaxial configurations by the U. S. Army, two designs are presented in this paper. Physics-based flight dynamic models are developed using open source data and implemented into the HeliUM-A comprehensive analysis code. On-axis frequency responses from the models are validated against available flightdata showing good agreement. The models are trimmed for a range of vehicle airspeeds, pitch angles, and rotor speeds. Trends in trim controls, hub loads, and power consumption are studied. Linearized time-invariant (LTI) models are extracted from the nonlinear HeliUM-A models. The LTI models are used to study trends in system eigenvalues, stability and control derivatives. Vehicle flight dynamics are examined through frequency response plots at various flight conditions.

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Multiple hybrid bead designs were investigated in this study to control the springback on DP780 samples using post-stretching technique. The performance of the four different hybrid bead designs was evaluated by measuring the minimum blank-lock tonnage required to control the springback during a U-channel stamping process. A finite element (FE) model of the U-channel stamping process was developed to simulate the process and predict the minimum blank-lock tonnage required for springback control using each of the hybrid bead designs. It is shown that the developed FE model predicts both the required minimum blank-lock tonnage for post-stretching, and the springback profile, with good accuracy.</div></div>

<p>The U-shaped rib-to-deck welded joint in orthotropic steel deck is a part with multiple fatigue cracks. The penetration rate which is the ratio of penetration depth to U-shaped rib thickness has an important influence on fatigue performance of partial joint penetration (PJP) welds. In this study, the influence of penetration rate on the fatigue performance of U-shaped rib-to-deck welded joints was studied. Firstly, the finite element model of U-shaped rib-to-deck welded joints with penetration rate of 65%, 75%, 85% and complete joint penetration (CJP) welds were established. The mechanical characteristics of different welding forms under typical loading conditions were analyzed. It was found that with the increase of penetration rate of PJP welds, the stress concentration at the weld root weakened. Then fatigue tests on specimens with different weld penetration rate were carried out. The fatigue cracks of CJP welds all started at the inner welding toe of the U-shaped rib. However, the fatigue cracks of PJP welds mainly started at the welding root of the unfused weld. Fatigue S-N curves for PJP and CJP were regressed, respectively, it could be found that the fatigue performance of CJP welds was superior to that of PJP welds.</p>

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In motorsports, aerodynamic development processes target to achieve gains in performance. This requires a comprehensive understanding of the prevailing aerodynamics and the capability of analysing large quantities of numerical data. However, manual analysis of a significant amount of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) data is time consuming and complex. The motivation is to optimize the aerodynamic analysis workflow with the use of deep learning architectures. In this research, variants of 3D deep learning models (3D-DL) such as Convolutional Autoencoder (CAE) and U-Net frameworks are applied to flow fields obtained from Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) simulations to transform the high-dimensional CFD domain into a low-dimensional embedding. Consequently, model order reduction enables the identification of inherent flow structures represented by the latent space of the models. The resulting data from the 3D-DL study are compared to a traditional dimensionality reduction method, namely Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD). Flow field features are examined by using methods of local feature importance, aiming for awareness of predominant fluidic phenomena. We show that our data-driven models capture aerodynamically relevant zones around the racing car. 3D-DL architectures can represent complex nonlinear dependencies in the flow domain. The U-Net network demonstrates an <i>R</i>² reconstruction accuracy of 99.94%, outperforming the results achieved from linear POD with an <i>R</i>² of 99.57%. Efficiently handling numerous CFD simulations leads to improved post-processing and an accelerated investigation procedure for future aerodynamic development. Finally, the discovered findings provide further knowledge for the serial development to increase efficiency, thereby extending, e.g., the range of electric vehicles.</div></div>

The aim of this study was to analyze five factors that are responsible for the ablation volume and maximum temperature during the procedure of irreversible electroporation (IRE). The five factors used in this study were the pulse strength (U), the electrode diameter (B), the distance between the electrode and the center (D), the electrode length (L), and the number of electrodes (N). A validated finite element model of IRE was built to collect the data of the ablation volume and maximum temperature generated in a liver tissue. Twenty-five experiments were performed, in which the ablation volume and maximum temperature were taken as response variables. The five factors with ranges were analyzed to investigate their impacts on the ablation volume and maximum temperature, respectively, using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Response surface method (RSM) was used to optimize the five factors for the maximum ablation volume without thermal damage (the maximum temperature ≤ 50 °C). U, and L were found with significant impacts on the ablation volume (P < 0.001, and P = 0.009, respectively) while the same conclusion was not found for B, D and N (P = 0.886, P = 0.075 and P = 0.279, respectively). Furthermore, U, D, and N had the significant impacts on the maximum temperature with P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.003, respectively while same conclusion was not found for B and L (P = 0.720 and P = 0.051, respectively). The maximum ablation volume of 2952.9960 mm3 without thermal damage can be obtained by using the following set of factors: U = 2362.2384 V, B = 1.4889 mm, D = 7 mm, L = 4.5659 mm, and N = 3. The study concludes that both B and N have insignificant impacts (P = 0.886, and P = 0.279, respectively) on the ablation volume; U has the most significant impact (P < 0.001) on the ablation volume; electrode configuration and pulse strength in IRE can be optimized for the maximum ablation volume without thermal damage using response surface method.

<p>The mechanical performance of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) members could be affected by the debonding gaps between steel tubes and core concrete. In this paper, the finite element models (FEMs) of axially loaded CFST stub columns with different debonding gap types, i.e., circumferential debonding gap (CDG) or spherical-cap debonding gap (SDG), were implemented by ABAQUS. The accuracy of FEMs was verified by test results. The influence of different debonding gap types on the mechanical performance of axially loaded CFST stub columns with the same debonding cross- sectional area was compared by using FEMs. The results showed that compared with SDG, the influence of CDG on the ultimate load-bearing capacity (<i>N</i>u) was larger and on the failure mode was smaller. With an increase in CDG arc-length ratio (<i>R</i>CDG), the reduction coefficient of <i>N</i>u (<i>K</i>D) firstly increased and then decreased. With an increase in SDG ratio (<i>χ</i>SDG), the <i>K</i>D decreased. With an increase in <i>R</i>CDG or <i>χ</i>SDG, the <i>N</i>u decreased. All the debonding specimens showed inward buckling in steel tubes within the debonding range, while the outward lateral deflection towards the no- debonding range was also observed. With an increase in <i>R</i>CDG, the inward buckling of steel tubes was more severely to contact with the core concrete at the middle-height of columns, then an outward buckling was found. With an increase in <i>χ</i>SDG, the inward buckling of steel tubes become more significant, but the failure modes remained unchanged.</p>

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Aiming at the problem of braking shock caused by the inconsistent response time of the inner motor (IM), the outer motor (OM) and the hydraulic brake when the regenerative braking mode of dual-rotor in-wheel motor (DRIWM) is switched, this paper proposes a U-shaped transition coordinated control strategy for the DRIWM. Ensure that the total braking torque can be smoothly transitioned when any one or more of the hydraulic braking torque, the braking torque of the IM and the braking torque of the OM enter/exit braking. The dynamic model of electric vehicle (EV) with DRIWMs is established, the division of braking mode is based on the principle of optimal DRIWM system efficiency, and the U-shaped transition coordinated controller of DRIWM is designed. Finally, two cases of switching the IM single braking mode to hydraulic braking mode and OM and hydraulic coordinated braking mode switching to compound braking mode are taken as examples to verify. The results show that, compared with the braking mode switching process without transition coordinated control, the U-shaped transition coordinated control strategy of the DRIWM proposed in this paper can make the DRIWM complete switching within 0.25s on the basis of the optimal system efficiency, which reduces the impact to 2 m/s³ and ensures a smooth transition of the total braking torque when switching.</div></div>

Energy-dependent coupled-channel models are presented for atoms and diatomic molecules which can reproduce entire bound-state (closed-channel) energy level structures and associated electronic transition intensities to within the experimental uncertainties in the high resolution spectroscopic data from which the levels are derived. Discussion includes the effects of energy dependence on the close-coupled μ α parameters, the properties of the U iα elements of the frame transformation matrix describing the transformations between close-coupled and loose-coupled representations, and the effects of perturber levels outside the channel structures represented by a specific frame transformation. Examples include precise reproduction (within average experimental uncertainties of <0.2 cm–1) of the msmp3,mpnd odd-parity bound levels with J ⩽ 3 for the fourth group atoms Si, I, Ge I, and Sn I, and the electronic structures in molecular He2 associated with the (1σ g )2(1σ u )npλ and (1σ g )2(1σ u )ns,ndλ configurations.