Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modèle préclinique de tumeur'
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Segaoula, Zacharie. "Pertinence et validations préclinique et clinique du modèle spontané canin de mélanome dans le développement thérapeutique en oncologie." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL2S004/document.
Full textPharmaceutical development is a long and fastidious process. In fact, each drug candidate has to meet with a certain safety criteria list, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics profiles need to be determined prior to first use in humans and market approval.For years, the pharmaceutical industry has been suffering from a lack of innovative molecules and thus despite the efforts and cost increases in R&D programs. And most novel drug candidates entering clinical trials fail to reach approval, largely because preclinical models used in development do not provide adequate information about their efficacy or toxicity. That’s why; more predictive models of efficiency in oncology, shaping more precisely the human pathology are needed.The study of novel drug candidates in dogs with naturally occurring tumors allows drug assessment in neoplasms sharing many fundamental features with its human counterparts, and thus provides an opportunity to answer questions guiding the cancer drug development path in ways not possible in more conventional models. Moreover, the strong homologies in clinical presentation, morphology, and overall biology between dogs and their human counterparts make companion animals a good model to investigate tumor process from ætiology to tailored treatments.The aim of this project was to validate the canine spontaneous tumor model, by combining preclinical and clinical approaches, in the comprehension of the underlying mechanisms of cancer from carcinogenesis to drug resistance and tumor dormancy and also the discovery of new tools essential for the prediction, diagnosis clinical follow-up and treatment.Metastatic melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of cutaneous tumors in humans. It constitutes 4 to 11% of skin malignancies and only 2% of the cancers of the epidermis. These highly immunogenic tumors hold a severe prognosis when metastasized and contribute to an immune anti-tumor reaction which could potentially lead to immune escape and resistance to most standard treatment protocols. And even if the 5-year survival has been improved to 50 – 80% over the past decades, its incidence is still in the rise with 7000 cases and 75% related deaths reported every year in France.In dogs, melanomas are one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies of the oral cavity. These cancers account for 7% of all malignant tumors in dogs and 160000 reported every year worldwide. It also constitutes one of the most aggressive metastasizing tumors with a median post-surgery survival rate of 173 days.We developed and characterized immunucytochemically, pharmacologically and genomically two canine melanoma cell lines from naturally occurring dog tumors with distinct clinical profiles. A list of genetic alterations of these two profiles has also been established and is in accordance with the published literature, presenting same features as human tumors. And because tumor heterogeneity is responsible of resistance to treatment and relapse, we isolated and investigated cancer stem cell populations in our cell line models in order to identify the linked biomarkers which may constitute future potential targets for the expansion of the oncological therapeutic panel.In conclusion, due to its intact immune system, tumor niche and also because it shares the same environment as we do, the canine patient represent a promising opportunity in the advancement of cancer research, the acceleration of translation process and the setting up of more effective and less toxic molecules with dual benefits for the human and veterinary medicine toward better patient care
Alaluf, Emmanuelle. "Implications de l'hème oxygénase-1 myéloïde dans l'échappement à la réponse antitumorale: développement d'un modèle préclinique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/312817.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences médicales (Médecine)
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Cohen, Charlotte. "La Fractalkine (FKN) comme traitement des métastases osseuses de CNPC au sein d’une stratégie multimodale : une étude préclinique sur un modèle murin." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ6030.
Full textIn France, about 50 000 new cases of lung cancer are diagnosed every year. Sixty percent of them are already metastatic. Bone localizations are described in 20 to 40% of cases and they are associated with poor survival (5 to 10 % at 5 years) and impaired quality of life. New therapeutic options are mandatory to improve survival and functional prognosis.A chemokine, the fractalkine (FKN), represents a promising one. It is known for its capacity of leukocytes recruitment and its impact on the bone metabolism. It could be able to restore anti-tumor immunity and to act on osteolysis, when delivered locally. The impact on tumor development is highly complex and depends on the expression of its receptor by tumor cells, its molecular form, the location of the lesion, and the tumor type.We first planned to determine the impact of the FKN on the tumor development within a syngeneic murine model of bone metastasis of lung cancer, using either LL2 lung cancer cell line expressing a low (LL2-FKNlo) or a high level of FKN (LL2-FKNhi).FKN had an anti-tumoral effect, able to reduce the tumor-weight by 73% in the LL2-FKNhi groups, compared to LL2-FKNlo one, at day 14. High level of expression of FKN was associated with an increase in the recruitment of inflammatory monocytes, natural killer cells, and more specifically B lymphocytes (LB). Together, they formed an immunopermissive tumoral microenvironment. We also noted significant modification of expression level of genes involved in osteoformation and regulation of immunity.The FKN anti-tumor effect tended to decrease after day 14. At the same time, we quoted a high level of infiltration of LL2-FKNhi tumors by T regulatory lymphocytes (LTreg). We suspected their implication in this loss of effect.We tried therapeutic associations, able to stimulate anti-tumor immunity through immune checkpoint blockade (monoclonal antibody against CTLA4, PD1, PDL1, or TIM3) or to block LTreg (cyclophosphamide, anti-GITR antibody) in association with high FKN expression. The goal was to prolong and/or to reinforce its anti-tumoral effect.To date, the used administration protocols weren’t able to induce such an effect. Other protocols need to be tested.This work highlighted an anti-tumoral effect of FKN in this murine model of bone metastasis of lung cancer and identified the underlying mechanisms. It pointed out new therapeutics associations options based on the anti-tumoral implication of LB, and pro-tumoral action of LTreg
Dwiri, Fatima azzahra. "Impacts de l'irradiation ciblée sur le tissu cérébral et les déficits cognitifs : études multiparamétriques et longitudinales chez le rat." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NORMC411.
Full textAlthough radiotherapy, an essential treatment in neuro-oncology, improves the survival of patients, it significantly affects the surrounding healthy brain tissue, leading to cognitive deficits found in 50 to 90% of patients. Technological advancements made in the last decade have allowed the development of new irradiation techniques with promising ballistic properties. However, their potential for preventing cerebral radiotoxicity remains to be demonstrated, relying mainly on preclinical research, for which the use of these radiotherapy techniques is currently fragmented. The objective of this thesis work was to characterize the effects of targeted brain irradiation on tissue integrity and cognitive deficits in healthy adult rats and rats bearing brain tumor. This characterization was done through multiparametric imaging using MRI, various behavioral tests, as well as immunohistological analyses. Furthermore, a longitudinal approach was employed, with the animals being monitored up to 6 months after irradiation. Collectively, our data demonstrate, as expected and in accordance with the literature, that whole-brain irradiation leads to deficits in learning, memory, and emotion processes, both during acute and chronic phases. Similarly, this irradiation paradigm is associated with alterations in brain tissue. However, somewhat surprisingly compared to our initial hypothesis, irradiation of a single hemisphere did not significantly modify the evaluated cognitive performances or compromise tissue integrity. In the brain tumor model, cognitive deficits were observed following whole-brain irradiation, which were also present with hemispheric irradiation but with lesser effects. Unfortunately, due to low sample sizes within the experimental groups, it is difficult to conclude whether the observed radio-induced cognitive deficits are exacerbated in the presence of a tumor
Houel, Ana. "Étude de l’induction de structures lymphoïdes tertiaires, par virothérapie oncolytique, pour stimuler l’immunité antitumorale endogène." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS232.
Full textTertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are organized aggregates of immune cells that develop in non-lymphoid tissues as a result of chronic inflammation. Mature TLS, which resemble lymph nodes in their organization, are associated with favorable prognoses in solid tumor cancers and serve as effective predictors of patient responses to immunotherapy. Our objective was to investigate oncolytic virotherapy as a strategy to induce TLS in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to enhance anti-tumor responses.Oncolytic viruses (OV) have the ability to specifically infect and replicate within cancer cells, inducing their direct lysis as well as their destruction by the immune system through immunogenic cell death. We hypothesize that the modulation of the TME following OV infection, along with the local production of chemokines expressed by these viruses, could promote TLS neogenesis and amplify anti-tumor responses.My work involved generating and characterizing recombinant oncolytic vaccinia viruses (oVV) armed with three chemokines, CCL20, CCL21, and CXCL13, which we hypothesize are involved in TLS neogenesis.I observed that the expression of chemokines by the recombinant oVVs did not affect their oncolytic properties and that the chemokines were functional in vitro. Although the replication of the oVVs was reduced in syngeneic murine models, I detected the murine chemokines in tumors infected with the armed oVVs and observed the formation of immune aggregates in hot tumor models. However, no therapeutic improvement was observed with the chemokine-armed oVV compared to the non-armed virus.I then studied the ability of TLS induced by an oVV to establish anti-tumor responses in the hot orthotopic TC-1 luc model. In this model, I observed that intranasal administration of the oVV induced more TLS than administration of a non-oncolytic vaccinia virus, MVA. Furthermore, I observed that TLS induced by MVA infection were not associated with an anti-tumor response, whereas I detected long-term presence of tumor-specific T lymphocytes and tumor control in the lungs of a mouse infected with oVV. Thus, we hypothesize that the oncolytic properties of oVVs can induce TLS that are effective against tumors.To promote oVV replication and chemokine expression, as well as to facilitate the observation of late anti-tumor responses with slower tumor growth kinetics, we evaluated the efficacy of a recombinant strain armed with the three human chemokines (oVV-3hCK) in a HIS-NXG humanized mouse model grafted with human tumors.In this model, the oVVs (oVV-3hCK and non-armed oVV) were particularly effective, making it difficult to observe differences in therapeutic efficacy between the two strains. Nonetheless, a significant increase in the infiltration of CXCR5+ immune cells and naïve T and B lymphocytes was observed in tumors infected with oVV-3hCK, confirming the chemotactic activity of the chemokines and suggesting the presence of TLS in the tumors.In conclusion, my thesis work confirmed that the three chemokines CCL20, CCL21, and CXCL13 expressed by an oVV are capable of inducing immune aggregates (or TLS) in the TME, and demonstrated the relevance of this strategy to improve long-term anti-tumor responses
M'Rabet, Manel. "Identification d'un nouveau biomarqueur, facteur pronostic et cible dans le cancer du sein triple négatif & développement préclinique d'une thérapie ciblée sur l'utilisation d'anticorps monoclonaux conjugués." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0204.
Full textNectin-4 has been identified as a breast and ovarian biomarker at CRCM. Nectin-4 is a celladhesion molecule belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily and is involved in ectodermaldevelopment in human. Nectin-4 has been recently identified as the epithelial receptor for themeasles virus. Together, this work has been rewarded by Inserm in 2012 (Prix del’Innovation). During my thesis, I have characterized nectin-4 as new prognosis biomarker andtherapeutic target in 63% of triple-negatif breast cancer (TNBC) . TNBCs represent 20% ofbreast cancer and are associated with poor prognosis as there is no exisiting targeted therapy.These results open the possibility for Antibody Drug Conjugate (ADC)-based targetedtreatment of primary and advanced TNBCs similar to trastuzumab-emtansine for HER2-positive breast cancers. We selected and validated a monoclonal antibody against nectin-4ectodomain and developed an ADC conjugated to monomethyl auristatin-E (MMAE). Weassessed the therapeutic efficiency of this ADC in vitro and in vivo in localised and metastaticTNBC Patient derived Xenografts (PDXs). In vivo, this ADC induced rapid, complete anddurable responses on nectin-4-positive xenograft TNBC samples including primary tumours,metastatic lesions, and local relapses. This antibody has been humanized, patented and iscurrently under clinical development by a pharmaceutical company testing toxicity and efficacyin cynomolgus monkeys
Ulvé, Ronan. "Caractérisation moléculaire et cellulaire des lymphomes canins : modèles précliniques prédictifs des lymphomes homologues humains." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1B045.
Full textLymphomas are among the most common cancers in humans and dogs. They show strong clinical, histological and response homologies to treatments. In the current context, new generation sequencing (NGS) methods allow identification of many genetic alterations needed for the diagnosis, prognosis and development of targeted therapies. However, the development of new molecules encounters a high proportion of failure in clinical studies. This finding is due in part to the use of models that are not reflect all aspects of the disease occurring in humans. In dogs, artificial selection done by humans means that today, many breeds have predispositions to lymphomas and even to certain subtypes. This characteristic makes the dog a relevant spontaneous model both for the study of the genetic basis of lymphomas and for the development of new molecules for humans with veterinary clinical trials. My thesis work consisted in the genetic characterization of canine lymphomas to propose predictive models of human homologous lymphomas. Following a collection step of a large number of lymphomas cases, I worked on the improvement of a diagnostic test to subtype B or T lymphomas based on amplification called PARR. I also showed a familial transmission of lymphomas in the Bernese Mountain Dog, which allows me to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) comprising 63 affected dogs and 167 healthy dogs. I identified several loci on chromosomes 9, 15 and 23, the last one including the MYD88 gene known to be involved in human lymphomas. I have also discovered by different NGS approaches (RNA-Seq and Capture targeted) recurrent genetic alterations shared between the Man and the dog. Among these, I have identified gene fusions between immunoglobulins and cyclins D: 3 cases for CCND3 and 1 case for CCND1. I also found strong recurrences of alterations involving the oncogenes KDR, MYC or UBR5 as well as the tumor suppressor genes POT1, PTEN or TP53. Since these events are associated with aggressive or resistant lymphomas in humans, canine lymphomas are thus of major interest as a spontaneous model. Finally, I have carried out in vitro tests of molecules, which can be carried out from the CLBL-1 cell line or from primary cell cultures characterized by NGS. This preliminary step allows us to consider veterinary clinical trials with owners dogs with lymphomas. This approach is part of the "One Health" concept, which aims to bring this research to human and veterinary medicine
Dupont, Salomé. "Développement d’un modèle préclinique de leucémogénèse expérimentale chez la souris humanisée." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEP057/document.
Full textExisting animal models for the study of human leukemia are not accurate for the proper development of innovative, targeted therapies. The aim of this project, which contains both a fundamental and an industrial perspective, therefore was to develop a new, versatile model of human leukemogenesis in the BRGS (BALB/c Rag2-/- IL-2Rγc-/- SIRPα.NOD) humanized mouse. Animals are grafted with hematopoietic progenitors transduced with lentivirals vectors to allow overexpression of MYC and BCL2 proteins under the control of an ubiquitous promotor (EF1α or SFFV). Longitudinal monitoring of the animals over five months shows that only the SFFV/Myc-T2A-Bcl2 construction induces the transformation of humans hematopoietics progenitors. Between 12 and 14 weeks post-transplantation, more than 90% of the animals develop pro-B lympho-proliferations (CD19+CD10+CD9+CD20-cytIgM-), with tumor cells being mainly found in the spleen, the bone marrow and in blood. Tumor transferability is achievable through secondary transplantation in immunodeficient mouse recipients. In vitro culture of bone marrow T cell progenitors suggest that the blasts arise from these cells after reactivation of a latent B cell program with blockade of their T cell development. In parallel, we have also developed an autologous tumor model. Altogether, these results validate the human leukemogenesis model constructed here in humanized BRGS mice and provide attractive prospects regarding the functional characterization of leukemogenesis and a preclinical validation of new anti-tumor strategies
Chraibi, Selma. "Evaluation of the combination of a cisplatin-based dry powder inhaler with conventional treatments against lung tumours." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/330989/5/TableMat.pdf.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Pharmacie)
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Walter, Thomas. "Métastases hépatiques de tumeurs endocrines digestives : développement de modèles animaux pour l’étude des mécanismes biologiques et l’évaluation préclinique des thérapeutiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10241.
Full textLiver metastases of digestive endocrine tumors are hypervascular and heterogeneous. The mechanisms of development of these metastases, especially the role of angiogenesis, are complex. This explains the difficulty to predict the natural history of these tumors and to find predictive factors of response to medical treatments. Our aim was to evaluate: the role of angiogenesis in the development of liver metastasis from digestive endocrine tumors; mechanisms of action, especially antiangiogenic activity, of two drugs (somatostatin analogues and mTOR inhibitor). We were able to demonstrate through an in vitro and in vivo experimental approach that: (a) the regulation of VEGF synthesis and secretion is complex, with different roles according to the cell studied; (b) there is a dissociation between VEGF expression and angiogenic capacities, on one hand, and invasive and metastatic properties, on the other hand; (c) the inhibition of angiogenesis may contribute to the anti-tumoral effect of several drugs of therapeutic interest in digestive endocrine tumors
Mordant, Pierre. "Cancer bronchique primitif, voies de signalisation intra-cellulaires et modèles précliniques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00809668.
Full textAudigier, Chloé. "Modélisation de l’ablation radiofréquence pour la planification de la résection de tumeurs abdominales." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4071/document.
Full textThe outcome of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of abdominal tumors is challenged by the presence of blood vessels and time-varying thermal conductivity, which make patient-specific planning extremely difficult. By providing predictive tools, biophysical models may help clinicians to plan and guide the procedure for an effective treatment. We introduce a detailed computational model of the biophysical mechanisms involved in RFA of hepatic tumors such as heat diffusion and cellular necrosis. It simulates the extent of ablated tissue based on medical images, from which patient-specific models of the liver, visible vessels and tumors are segmented. In this thesis, a new approach for solving these partial differential equations based on the Lattice Boltzmann Method is introduced. The model is first evaluated against clinical data of patients who underwent RFA of liver tumors. Then, a comprehensive pre-clinical experiment that combines multi-modal, pre- and post-operative anatomical and functional images, as well as the interventional monitoring of the temperature and delivered power is presented. This enables an end-to-end validation framework that considers the most comprehensive data set for model validation. Then, we automatically estimate patient-specific parameters to better predict the ablated tissue. This personalization strategy has been validated on 7 ablations from 3 clinical cases. From the pre-clinical study, we can go further in the personalization by comparing the simulated temperature and delivered power with the actual measurements during the procedure. These contributions have led to promising results, and open new perspectives in RFA guidance and planning
Simon, O'Brien Emmanuelle. "Inhibition de la recapture des monoamines et des histones désacétylases dans un modèle préclinique d'addiction à l'alcool." Amiens, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AMIED011.
Full textRezzoug, Hadjira. "Activité photodynamique in vitro et in vivo de la mTHPC : étude préclinique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL036N.
Full textSabagh, Emad El. "Photochimiothérapie en neurochirurgie : établissement d'un modèle d'allogreffe de tumeur cérébrale et évaluation de la photochimiothérapie à partir de ce modèle." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT13VS.
Full textDespite the constant efforts by neurosurgeons, the prognosis for the patients with a malignant primary brain tumours has changed minimally over the last three decades. Then the development of new animal models of glioma is necessary for in vivo evaluation of all new therapeutic propositions of this type of tumours. In the first part of our study, we realised an allogreffe model of cerebral tumours of the cell line C6-9. In the second part, our first target was to determine the usefulness of our model in the evaluation of the photochemotherapy by using the hematoporphyrine (HPD). Our second target was to study the efficacy of SIM01 (photosensitizer in stage of development) by comparing it to m-THPC which is in clinical trials in Europe, as for example in Nantes, and in USA. Through this study we obtained a reproducible simple model in a reasonable delay valid for the evaluation of in vivo photochemotherapy. It also presented SIM01 as a new promising molecule in the domain of the photochemotherapy
Maia, Serge. "Imagerie moléculaire de la neuroinflammation dans la maladie de Parkinson : étude préclinique dans un modèle animal de rat." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR3302/document.
Full textAlthough the precise molecular mechanisms causing the dopaminergic neurodegeneration are still not totally understood, a body of epidemiological, clinical and experimental evidence indicates that neuroinflammation may have an important role in the pathogenesis of PD. Study of spatio-temporal links between neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration during the course of PD would improve understanding of the physiopathological mechanism and also accessibility to early diagnosis and/or new antiinflammatory therapeutic approaches. The current development of non-invasive molecular imaging methods allowing direct monitoring of the neuroinflammation process should be valuable for this purpose. The molecular target of choice in this field is the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO), a sensitive biomarker associated with neuroinflammation, which is over-expressed in activated microglia. In the study presented here we achieved the longitudinal evaluation of both physiopayhological mechanisms in parallel with the modifications of dopaminergic function at several time-points after 6-OHDA lesion in the rat that mimics an early stage of PD. After unilateral intra-striatal 6-OHDA administration, we quantified the temporal evolution of the TSPO, TH immunoreactivity and DAT in the striatum and the SNc from 3 to 56 days post-lesion (dpl). Increased binding of TSPO ligands used, i.e. [3H]PK11195 and [125I]CLINDE, was observed in the lesioned striatum at 3, 7 and 14 dpl, followed by a progressive return to the basal level at 56 dpl. The binding profile in the SNc showed progressive binding beginning at 3 dpl, peaking at 14 dpl, and progressively decreasing until 56 dpl. In this rodent model of PD, the neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes occurred concomitantly. The transitory occurrence of microglial activation could be involved in the advent and the lasting installation of dopaminergic neuron loss. This study supports the link between neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration and emphasizes the interest of CLINDE as potent in vivo tracer of neuroinflammation by providing valuable information for early diagnosis and longitudinal follow-up of disease progression, with potential applications to human patients. Indeed, early detection of neuroinflammation, prior to a clinically significant loss of neurons, could become a major issue in the management of pre-symptomatic PD. To support this idea, we demonstrate the existence of a therapeutic window, occurring just after the lesion, which may be proposed for the introduction of anti-inflammatory treatments that aimed to slow the neurodegenerative process. Further exploration of the relationship between neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in vivo in the same animal model with the method of micro-PET imaging, transposable to humans, using in parallel the [18F]-DPA714 for TSPO and [18F]-LBT999 for DAT is pending
Leteve, Mathieu. "EPIADDICT - Synthèses de nouveaux inhibiteurs des histones désacétylases et leur intérêt dans un modèle préclinique d’addiction à l’alcool." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMS026/document.
Full textThe imbalance HAT/HDAC would influence the development of cancers and alcohol or cocaine addiction. HDAC inhibition allows increase of both acetylation rate and gene expression. Today, there are many structurally diverse potent, but non-specific HDAC inhibitors displaying important side-effects. HDAC inhibitors such as sodium butyrate or MS-275 have been shown to alter the alcohol dependence in the rat. MS-275 inhibits mainly class I of HDAC and in line with these observations we are interested in more selective class I inhibitors such as Largazole thiol and RedFK228. Our purpose is to synthesize new cyclodepsipeptides analogues in order to obtain selective class I inhibitor. HDAC class I is a Zn-dependent enzyme and our target molecules have sulfonylhydrazide function as efficient Zinc binding group (ZBG). Additional pharmacomodulations concern the incorporation of different heterocycles (oxazole, thiazole, pyridine) and varying linker lengths (n = 2, 3). Inhibitions of these compounds have been tested on HDAC1, HDAC3 and HDAC6. A compound has specificity for HDAC3 and another has specificity for HDAC1. Tests on rats "binger" suggest that HDAC1 is involved in this model of consumption and not HDAC3
Dolbec, Julien Cécile. "Réactivité cérébrovasculaire à l'hypoxémie : applications à un modèle de tumeur intracérébrale chez le rat." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10105.
Full textLuce, Eléanor. "Hépatocytes différenciés à partir de cellules souches pluripotentes induites : modèle pour la thérapie cellulaire et génique autologue de l'hémophilie B et modèle préclinique chez le primate." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS520/document.
Full textThis PhD project aims to model and to bring a proof of concept for autologous cell/gene therapy of inherited liver diseases by transplanting hepatocytes differentiated from patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), after correction of the genetic defect. Hemophilia B (HB) is an inherited disease caused by a mutation in the F9 gene encoding clotting factor IX (FIX), synthesized in the liver by hepatocytes. Fibroblasts of a patient with the "royal mutation" were reprogrammed in iPSCs then differentiated into hepatocytes. The study of the F9 mRNA by high-throughput sequencing confirmed the presence of an abnormal splice site leading to a truncated protein explaining hemophilia. Other iPSCs were obtained and characterized from the cells of a second HB patient expressing an inactive FIX. By targeting in these iPSCs the insertion of a therapeutic cassette encoding FIX into a safe harbor site using artificial endonucleases (CRISPR/Cas9), we differentiated the corrected and non-corrected iPSC into hepatocytes. Quantitative analyzes confirmed a higher expression of F9 mRNA and FIX protein in the corrected clones. In contrast, we did not detect transgenic FIX activity due to a lack of post-translational modifications necessary for FIX activity. We then developed a protocol of differentiation in spheroids quantitatively more efficient to produce FIX. Detection of FIX activity will validate our in vitro approach before validation in vivo by transplanting the corrected hepatocytes in a F9KO mouse model. Finally, the last part of this work consisted in the development of a differentiation protocol of nonhuman primate iPSCs into hepatocytes for autologous transplantation into the liver of the donor animal in order to validate the feasibility and the safety of such an approach in the large animal
Flament, Julien. "Développement de l'imagerie RMN par agents CEST : application à un modèle rongeur de tumeur cérébrale." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720031.
Full textBenay, Stephan. "Mise au point des outils analytiques et formels utilisés dans la recherche préclinique en oncologie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5501.
Full textA nonlinear pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model has been devised do simultaneously describe the loss of erlotinib and its effect on the cell growth over time, in order to analyze impedance-based data of erlotinib effect on A431 cells growth in vitro over time. The model non-linearity requiring the use of iterative methods for parameter estimation, several steps of the model identification were studied, and solutions proposed, with application examples to cancer drugs :Choice of the optimization criterion - superiotity of the geometric mean functionnal relationship for non-linear model identification. Real data application : calibration curve of a bevacizumab ELISA quantification experiment.Choice of the most appropriate algorithm for the pharmacokinetic process identification problem. The derivative algorithms perform better. Real data application : simultaneous identification of the 5-fluorouracil and of its main metabolite pharmacokinetic system.Transform of the differential initial continuous-time model in a recursive discrete time model. The transformed model becomes linear with respect to its parameters, allowing straightforward parameter estimation without using any optimization algorithm. It is then also possible to track the parameter variations over time. Real data application : pharmacokinetic model parameter estimation of fotemustine, mitoxantrone and 5-fluorouracil
Wu, Tao. "Evaluation préclinique de thérapies innovantes pour le carcinome hépatocellulaire et l'infection chronique par le virus de l'hépatite C." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ123/document.
Full textThe hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major problem of public health, due to its high prevalence and to the severity of its complications, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aims of the thesis project are (i) to set up and characterize orthotopic HCC models in the small animal (orthotopic transplantation in immunodeficient mice of the human HCC cell line Huh-7, expressing the luciferase reporter gene) and in the large animal (autologous transplantation of porcine hepatocytes previously ex vivo-transformed by lentiviral-meidated transfer of a combination of six oncogenes) and (ii) to provide the proof-of-concept of an innovative adoptive allogeneic immunotherapy approach for the treatment of HCC and prevention of liver graft reinfection by HCV, through the administration of allogeneic suicide gene-modified lymphocytes (GML). Such a suicide gene allows for the control of GML, leading to their conditional elimination in case of undesirable side effects. Thus, we have demonstrated that, at high dose, these GML present an in vitro cytotoxic activity toward HCC cell lines and an in vivo antitumoral effect against orthotopic Huh-7 tumors. At low level, the GML have an antiviral activity against HCV, without toxicity against target cells. These results open the perspective for an original approach of immunotherapy for the treatment of HCC in association with current treatments and for the prevention of liver graft reinfection by HCV at time of liver transplantation
Le, Reste Pierre-Jean. "Mise au point d'un modèle préclinique pertinent pour étudier le ciblage thérapeutique des voies du stress du réticulum endoplasmique dans le glioblastome." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2024. https://ged.univ-rennes1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/53efd0bb-d4e1-4848-b57a-d5b1f207e134.
Full textGlioblastome (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor. Its prognosis remains very poor despite multimodal therapies, with a median survival of approximately 15 months. GBM is a highly invasive tumor located in an organ with important vital and functional constraints, making its treatment a challenge. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an intracellular organelle with multiple roles, including protein production and folding. Under certain conditions, of cellular stress, the ER can be subjected to accumulation of misfolded proteins and trigger the Unfolded Protein Reponse (UPR) UPR is an adaptativeprocess that can either restore protein homeostasis or trigger apoptosis. In this thesis, we propose to study the role of UPR in GBM aggressiveness, and to try to determine to what extent its targeting by innovative pharmacological agents has an impact animal model on oncological prognosis. To this end, we first demonstrate that IRE1, a UPR sensor protein, has an impact on tumor agressiveness, in particular through its splicing activity of xpb1. The xpb1- induced signaling leads to macrophage infiltration, neo-angiogenesis and invasive profile og GBM. Secondly, we propose to define a drug being MKC8866, a selective inhibitor of IRE1 RNase activity. Finally, we propose to evaluate the impact of this inhibitor on tumor development, through intracerebral targeting, coupled with excision and radio-chemotherapy, in an innovative syngeneic mouse model. This targeting allowed us to demonstrate na oncological benefit of targeting IRE1 in addition to conventional therapies. This work constitutes a preclinical proof of concept of the efficacy of UPR targeting, and proposes an innovative preclinical model that can be used to study other signaling pathways of interest
Rost, Nathalie. "Expression et régulation du gène de la proenképhaline dans un modèle expérimental de tumeur cérébrale chez le rat." Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10048.
Full textSemenchenko, Kostyantyn. "Development of tumour therapies : from target validation of TTLL12 to tests of a small molecule XRP44X in pre-clinical models of cancer." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ107.
Full textTubulin posttranslational modifications are an attractive target for cancer therapy. TTLL12 isinvolved in tubulin detyrosination, histone H4K20 trimethylation and prostate cancer. The thesis addresses the effects of TTLL12 overexpression on these tubulin and histone modifications at different stages of the cell cycle and on sensitivity to microtubule-targeting agents. The results show that TTLL12 over expression affects tubulin detyrosination and H4K20 trimethylation independently of cell cycle phase and reduces cell sensitivity totaxanes.XRP44X is a novel inhibitor of Ras-ERK1/2-Elk3 signalling and tubulin-binding agent. Itsantitumorigenic properties had been shown in vitro and in initial in vivo studies. The thesis project was a continuation of pre-clinical studies on XRP44X in mouse prostate cancer models. The results show that XRP44X is an effective inhibitor of tumorigenesis and metastasis in prostate cancer, which may be due to its effect on Elk3
Zini, Laurent. "La thérapie cellulaire de l'insuffisance sphinctérienne urétrale : description d’un modèle animal préclinique et comparaison de 3 techniques de tranferts de cellules précurseurs musculaires." Paris 12, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA120027.
Full textWe consider a treatment of urethral sphincter insufficiency based on transplantation of muscle precursor cells (MPC). The aim of this project was to restor a physiological urethral tonicity. The pig model by electrocautery sphincter injury provokes irreversible damage to the myofibers and their nerve endings leading to fibrosis and reproducing the histopathological condition of sphincter insufficiency. We compared three ways to preform transplantation of MPCs into the urethra a distance away from the SUS in the proximal urethral segment. We used conventional methods for isolating myogenic (satellite) cells with in vitro proliferation, without in vitro proliferation and a new method of transfer of MPCs by implantation of muscle strips. We investigated the changes in UPP and the innervation of graft derived myotubes. The maximal closure pressure of the proximal urethral segment was not significantly modified after MPC injection, cultured or not, due to a massive cell death after injection. After muscle strips implantation, a distinct peak pressure was constantly found in the proximal urethral segment. This procedure allows the proper orientation of myotube formation in the urethra, a factor is not controlled with MPC injection. Urodynamic studies after curarization revealed that the pressure peak was under neural control. Myofiber implantation exerted a trophic effect on the urethral nervous system, resulting in the development of a dense network of nerve fibers running toward to the acetylcholine receptors of the myotubes. The origin of these nerves are currently under investigation at our laboratory. This treatment could constitute an option to the artificial urinary sphincter which is currently the gold standard of urethral sphincter insufficiency. This treatment have to be associated with physiotherapy exercise aimed to realize the formation of a new muscle
Lagaert, Jean-Baptiste. "Modélisation de la croissance tumorale : estimation de paramètres d'un modèle de croissance et introduction d'un modèle spécifique aux gliomes de tout grade." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00652366.
Full textMauduit, David. "Thérapie cellulaire dans un modèle préclinique de Dystrophie Musculaire de Duchenne : Développement par édition génomique de cellules thérapeutiques et traçables in vivo par imagerie médicale." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0085.
Full textDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), an X-linked recessive myopathy, is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. One boy out of 5000 is affected by this disease, which induces a progressive loss of skeletal striated and cardiac muscles. To date, DMD remains an invalidating disease and there is no cure for it. People suffering from DMD usually die in their 30’s. Among the innovative therapies currently under development, cell therapy is a promising strategy. However, it has some limitations related notably to a low efficiency of tested therapeutic cells and their tracking in vivo after injection. The first aim of this thesis is to develop an imaging method allowing non-invasive monitoring of biodistribution and survival of cells at the scale of a large organism, following systemic injection in the GRMD dog (Golden retriever muscular Dystrophy, a relevant animal model of DMD, as it replicates finely the DMD phenotype). We took interest in the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) as an imaging reporter. We induced the expression of the NIS in myogenic cells to allow visualization of the cells by scintigraphy thanks to its ability to uptake technetium 99m. We showed that NIS is functional in the cells and they maintain their ability to differentiate. Primary cells have a limited self-renewal capability restraining their use in human cell therapy and gene editing. To overcome this limitation, we used several protocols to derive induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from adult canine cells. Furthermore, to avoid immune suppression protocols, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tools to design a correction strategy of the GRMD mutation for future autologous injections. We also used CRISPR/Cas9 to perform a targeted integration of the NIS gene in a safe harbor locus. Results allow us to develop protocols to compare the therapeutic potential of candidate cells in a preclinical model of DMD
Jasmin, Jean. "Mise au point et évaluation d'un modèle expérimental de radiocarcinogénèse orofaciale chez le rat Sprague-Dawley." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR1SO01.
Full textPrévaud, Léa. "Rôle de la sous-unité c-Rel NFkB dans les Lymphômes B Diffus à Grandes Cellules du Centre Germinatif (GCB-DLBCLs) : établissement d'un modèle murin préclinique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LIMO0108.
Full textThe transcription factor Rel/NF-kB includes 5 subunits (SU), p50, p52, c-Rel, RelA and RelB which associate into dimers. NF-κB is at the heart of the ontogeny of mature B lymphocytes in the germinal centers (GC) for c-Rel and RelB and during plasma cell differentiation for RelA. Diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLBCL) represent more than 80% of aggressive B-cell lymphomas. We have published that NF-kB SUs must be taken into account differentially, such that RelB is a marker of poor prognosis, RelA is the SU of the ABC molecular subtype (activated B cell) and cRel that of GCB (germinal center B cell)-DLBCL with a novel clean transcriptomic signature. This project consists of understanding mechanistically how c-Rel induces the transformation of a GC B lymphocyte. We have established a new mouse model of c-Rel overexpression (with YFP) in some CG B lymphocytes (tdTomato-AID-Creert2) and are testing the clonal emergence of a tumor. The originality of this inducible model relies in the fact that it makes it possible to follow the competition between the B of the GCs on expressed c-Rel (tdTomato and YFP) compared to their normal counterpart (tdTomato)
Santin, Mathieu. "Destruction et cavitation inertielle des agents de contraste ultrasonore : modélisation, expériences et applications." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066223.
Full textBoulard, Annick. "Stratégies de dépistage de masse des tumeurs colo-rectales : mise au point d'un modèle mathématique." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR23033.
Full textApeke, Kodjo Séna. "Modélisation ubiquiste pour l'interaction d'échelles : application à la prédiction de la réponse d'une tumeur sous traitement en radiothérapie." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0086/document.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis focused on the mathematical modeling of tumor response during treatment by radiotherapy. The goal was to provide for doctors a digital tool to help cancer diagnose. For example, monitoring tumor volume during and after treatment, rehabilitating therapeutic strategies, etc. In a first step, we proposed a discrete stochastic model based on a multiscale approach. In this context, we focused on three different scales of tumor modeling :microscopic scale (cells in a voxel), mesoscopic scale (cell population in a voxel) and macroscopic scale (tumor tissue), with transitional interfaces between these three scales. At the cellular level, the description was based on probabilities of phase transfer in the cellular cycle. At the mesoscopic scale, we represented cell populations according to the differents stages of a cell cycle. Finally, on a macroscopic scale, tumor description was based on the use of FDG PET medical images.These three scales naturally exist : the biological data were collected at the macroscopic level but the pathological behavior of the tumor is based on an abnormal cell cycle at the microscopic scale. Introduction of a mesoscopic scale was essential to reduce the gap between the two extremes, in terms of transition between them. We used the discrete multiscale model to predict the temporal evolution of the tumor cells number. On the other hand, this model was not well adapted to predict the tumor volume evolution. Thus, we had proposed a second model which was biomechanical and based on an advection reaction equation. Finally, the discrete multiscale and the biomechanical models had been combined to form a hybrid model. Indeed, the discrete model was used to estimate the oxygen partial pressures trajectories, in the tumor environment. These pressures were then input to the continuous (biomechanical) model for the tumor volume evolution prediction
Becq, Aymeric. "Élaboration et mise en pratique préclinique d'outils robotiques d'assistance à la réalisation d'une cholangiopancréatographie rétrograde par voie endoscopique : Projet MAGIE : Modèle d'Assistance au Geste Interventionnel en Endoscopie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS068.
Full textEndoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a minimally invasive interventional endoscopic procedure whose objective is to provide treatment within the bile ducts. The two main pathologies treated are stone disease and biliopancreatic tumors.The interpretation of the biliary anatomy in the setting of strictures located at the level of the upper biliary convergence (peri-hilar region) and the manipulation of the guide wire in this complex biliary anatomy greatly limit the procedures success, which pushed us to develop new tools to better navigate within the bile ducts. We focused during this thesis work on the modelization of the bile ducts by 3D segmentation-reconstruction, on assisted localization of ERCP instruments by 2D-3D registration and tracking and, finally, the design and validation of active instruments.We performed manual segmentations of biliary trees from biliary MRI images for cases of malignant perihilar strictures. Based on these segmentations, a retrospective study analyzing the management of these patients showed the limits of current 2D ERCP with a high number of unnecessary contrast injections, unnecessary or poorly placed biliary stents, as well as unwarranted repeat ERCPs. 3D reconstruction could improve the endoscopic technique. Collaborative work with a specialized team was initiated to develop automated segmentation-reconstruction. The first results are encouraging although not as performant as the manual ground truth. The database is being increased with more cases that will strengthen the deep learning.The second objective of this work was the automatic intraoperative 3D tracking and localization of instruments within complex bile ducts. Here we wanted to develop a real-time assistance system explicitly indicating the intra-hepatic sector where the guide wire is located. A first step, based on artificial intelligence, consisted of developing an automatic segmentation of the guide wire in the 2D fluoroscopy image. The CNN models developed by a specialized team allows the segmentation of a significant portion of the instruments at this stage.The second step consisted on the development and testing of an algorithm for intraoperative localization of the guide wire. Based on the fusion between 3D anatomical reconstruction and segmentation of the guidewire in the 2D image, a program was developed which gives a localization probability. The sensitivity of the algorithm is 91%. In the case of complex biliary trees, lower performances are seen, but remain high with a sensitivity of 86%. Future developments are underway to render the algorithm more reliable.The third objective of this work was to contribute to the emergence of a new generation of guide wires which can be actively oriented in space in order to navigate more easily within the biliary tree, pathological or not. We relied here on shape memory alloy technology. 3D models of the biliary tree were printed using the manual segmentations. A model duplicating the complete CPRE environment, called ‘CPRE-model', was designed and then manufactured in order to be able to test the intelligent guidewires. A first series of tests compared an intelligent guidewire (Gecko 35Ⓡ, BCV) to two guidewires used in current practice. Overall, the first manipulations show feasibility with catheterization of the majority of intrahepatic sectors. After printing new models and improving the CPRE model, a second series of tests with other experts will be carried out
Baka, Zakaria. "Élaboration de cancers sur puce pour des applications en thérapies anticancéreuses." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0175.
Full textOvarian cancer is a major public health issue. Moreover, new treatments still face very high failure rates. This is mainly due to the unreliability of conventional preclinical models such as 2D cell culture. Thus, new tools based on 3D cell culture have emerged such as spheroids and organoids. However, these models have their own limitations (cost, difficulty of application). 3D bioprinting is a new approach to create tunable and reproducible tumor models. However, very few bioprinted tumor models have been reported so far. Besides the “third dimension”, it is important to consider the dynamic conditions of the tumor environment. This has been possible for some years now thanks to microfluidics-based cancer-on-a-chip technology. However, this technology currently does not simulate the drug vascular transport before its interaction with the tumor cells. In this PhD project, we set out to create a dynamic, three-dimensional model of ovarian cancer by combining 3D bioprinting and microfluidics. First, 3D bioprinting was used to create the tumor structure itself. For that, we formulated a bio-ink comprising SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells and MeWo cancer fibroblasts embedded in a gelatin – alginate hydrogel. The bioprinted tumor structures were then characterized by various techniques to demonstrate their viability and biological relevance. Their response to anticancer drug cisplatin was also assessed. In the second step, we integrated the bioprinted tumor model into a microfluidic support for culture under physiological flow. This support was also intended to simulate the drug's vascular transport prior to interaction with the tumor tissue. We then used computational fluid dynamics to design an improved version of the first system. The aim of this improved version was to simultaneously assess multiple drug concentrations. This PhD project demonstrated the ability of 3D bioprinting to create viable and functional ovarian tumor models. It has also brought interesting research prospects with regard to the possibilities of combining 3D bioprinting and microfluidics to improve preclinical modeling of ovarian tumors
Desmaison, Annaïck. "Impact des contraintes mécaniques sur la division cellulaire : analyse dans modèle tumoral multicellulaire en 3 dimensions : le sphéroïde." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2367/.
Full textA tumor micro-region consists of a heterogeneous cancer cell population organized in a 3D structure in which cell growth is influenced by interaction with the microenvironment. Changes in mechanical homeostasis within tissues are observed during tumor growth, leading to high pressure and tension forces within the growing tumor. Those changes in mechanical properties of the microenvironment participate to tumor development by influencing, amongst others, proliferation and migration of tumor cells. One important aspect of the control of proliferation is the regulation of the cell cycle. Many studies have demonstrated that mitosis progression, the division process of cell cycle, is not only biochemically regulated, but also mechanically regulated. However, the impact of mechanical cues on mitotic progression has essentially been documented using 2D monolayer-based models and very little is known about the consequences of mechanical stress on cell division within tumors. In this context, my goal was to investigate the impact of mechanical stress on cell division in MultiCellular Tumor Spheroids (MCTS), an in vitro model that mimics 3D cell organization and heterogeneity found in tumor microregions in vivo. We first induced mechanical stress on MCTS by restricting their growth in a confined environment. We demonstrated that mechanical stress impairs cell division. The study of the dynamics of mitosis progression within MCTS mechanically constrained in agarose, showed that mechanical stress induces a delay in prometaphase. This delay may be due to a transient defect in spindle assembly, and possibly implies actin filament dynamics. This defect in spindle assembly does not seem to induce a preferential orientation deviation of the division axis of cells within spheroids. Futhermore, we showed that in this mechanical stressed condition, drugs destabilizing the actomyosin cytoskeleton do not alter mitosis anymore, suggesting that signaling pathways could be activated and avoid aberrant mitosis progression. Altogether these results suggest that mechanical stress induced by progressive confinement of growing spheroid could slow down mitotic progression. However, a defect in mitosis progression could lead to chromosomes missegregation, responsible for increased genomic instability and cellular heterogeneity. This genetic heterogeneity characteristic of tumors is one of the major reasons for the limited efficiency of current therapeutic strategies. Mechanical stress might also induce the activation of specific pathways able to bypass the effect of certain drugs. This study paves the way for future research to a better understanding of the tumor cell response to mechanical cues similar to those encountered during in vivo tumor development. It could contribute to defining important characteristics of mechanical parameters of tumor on drug efficiency and open new perspectives in anti-tumor therapy
Garcia, Paul. "Développement d'un modèle in ovo innovant pour le criblage de molécules anti-inflammatoires : implications dans les thérapies anticancéreuses." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALV016.
Full textInflammation is an important aspect of the body's immune defense. Upon detection of a damaging stimulus, whether infectious, traumatic, or dysfunctional, the immune system triggers a biological reaction called the inflammatory response to neutralize the threat and initiate tissue repair. However, if inflammation is unresolved, it can eventually become pathogenic and cause further tissue damage. In the context of cancer, a complex and detrimental relationship exists between tumor cells and inflammation. Tumor persistence promotes dysregulation of the inflammatory response, facilitating oncogenesis and tumor progression. This is observed in liver cancer, for instance, where a great majority of the clinical cases are believed to be linked to an underlying inflammatory disease. While anti-inflammatory drugs have proven to be potent against cancer development, their long-term toxicity prevents their clinical use. New approaches to limit inflammation, such as the inhibition of bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins, are therefore being developed. Thus, relevant in vivo models are needed to accurately assess their efficacy and tolerance. Even though rodents continue to be the most used models of cancer-related inflammation, they present limitations regarding their tumor-immune system interface, in addition to the well-known ethical concerns. An alternative in vivo model, the chicken embryo and its chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), has shown promising results in this field, as it has not only been proven relevant in immuno-oncology, but is also able to trigger inflammatory responses with high similarity to humans.In this context, we established a panel of four in ovo (in the egg) human liver cancer models based on the xenografting of the HepG2, Hep3B, HuH7, and PLC/PRF/5 cell lines onto the chicken CAM. Immunohistochemistry and RNA sequencing were both employed to deeply characterize angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and immune infiltration. The efficacy of classical (dexamethasone and ibuprofen) and novel (BET inhibitors) anti-inflammatory compounds were evaluated. We also tested in ovo the anti-tumor efficacy of the first-line standard-of-care treatment in advanced liver cancer, which combines the immune checkpoint inhibitor atezolizumab with the angiogenesis inhibitor bevacizumab. In this project, the development of an in ovo systemic inflammatory model, through chronic and acute administration of lipopolysaccharide onto the CAM, was also explored.Our results have highlighted the involvement of the chicken embryo’s immune and stromal cells in tumor progression. Notably, the validated panel of in ovo liver cancer models revealed the reproduction of tumors ranging from a non-inflamed (“cold”) to an inflamed (“hot”) status, depending on the selected cell line. While Hep3B in ovo reflected a “cold” tumor profile with an overall low immunogenicity, PLC/PRF/5 in ovo exhibited instead a high T-cell infiltration and an elevated immune activity indicating a “hot” tumor profile. That was further illustrated with the atezolizumab/bevacizumab combination therapy, where PLC/PRF/5 in ovo showed a significantly reduced tumor growth (76%), while limited efficacy was observed with Hep3B in ovo. Further experimentation using this “hot” PLC/PRF/5 in ovo cancer model permitted us to test in vivo the effect of a common nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ibuprofen, which significantly decreased tumor growth (36%).Overall, our work has highlighted the relevance of our newly developed in ovo inflammatory cancer model in evaluating the potency and toxicity of anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer drugs, allowing the screening of novel compounds
Colombo, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Nouveaux vecteurs polymères et modèles expérimentaux en vue de la délivrance intrapéritonéale prolongée d’agents anti tumoraux dans le traitement des cancers de l’ovaire." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON1T003.
Full textOvarian carcinoma is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. The aim of this PhD thesis was to develop new therapeutic approaches based on novel synthetic macromolecular drug delivery systems for intraperitoneal chemotherapy. These objectives were limited by the requirement of reliable tumor models for experimental studies. After a concise review of knowledge published in the literature, the potential interest of the establishment of a collection of tumor grafts derived from samples of human tumors is examined in a second chapter. Data show that the major phenotypic and genotypic features of the original tumors are maintained in the xenografts. They also confirm the importance of this tumor model to test new drugs and to analyze intratumoral heterogeneity and oligoclonality in primary ovarian carcinoma. The collection will be also helpful to study the mechanisms leading to disease recurrences and resistance to chemotherapies. An example of drug delivery system based on the different associations of a model chemotherapeutic drug (doxorubicin) with a bioresorbable macromolecular vector, namely poly(L-lysine citramide), is addressed in a third chapter. Direct amid linkage in the first conjugate was too stable with respect to antitumoral cytotoxicity desired after in vivo administration and different systems were generated subsequently to increase drug release in tumor deposits. The best results were obtained with a hydrazone cleavable spacer containing an ester group. To overcome the complexity of these conjugates, a novel strategy based on doxorubicin entrapment in a synthetic gelatin made of (poly(N-acryloyl glycinamide) is developed. This strategy should allow physical temporary entrapment of different drug molecules in a adhesive gel and could provide new solutions to the therapeutic challenges of intraperitoneal administration
Burlion, Aude. "Ciblage de la molécule de costimulation ICOS pour l'immunothérapie du cancer du sein dans un modèle de souris humanisée." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066476.
Full textCheckpoint blockade inhibitors are the most promising and effective strategy for t-cell mediated cancer immunotherapy of the past 20 years. Part of the anti-tumoral effect of these checkpoint inhibitors might be due to regulatory T cell (treg) depletion. Here, we investigated whether the reported high expression of icos on treg might be used as a flag to target treg and improve tumor rejection. We report that a novel anti-human icos mab preferentially depleted treg in immunodeficient nsg mice reconstituted with cd34+ progenitors, leading to an increased cd8+/treg ratio. However, this was insufficent to affect growth of the breast cancer cell line mda-mb-231. We thus administered low dose cyclophosphamide (ctx) to induce immunogenic cell death and stimulate anti-tumor response. Treatment of humanized mice with a combination of ctx+ anti-icos mab led to a drastic reduction in tumor growth whereas single treatments had only moderated effect. Using mass cytometry (cytof), we observed higher expression of cd45ro, hla-dr and ki67 on tcd8+ of the combined-treatment group. Accordingly, depletion of cd8+ t cells partly abolished the therapeutic effect of the combination. Moreover, additional analyses suggest that human monocytes and pdc and murine myeloid cells are involved in this effect. Altogether, our results represent the first demonstration that humanized mice can be used to develop novel therapeutic strategies for cancer immunotherapy and indicate that targeting treg with a combination of anti-icos mab and chemotherapy is a relevant strategy to release the immune response to the tumor
Chambéry, Daniel. "Etude de l'expression des composants du système insulin-like growth factor (igf) dans un modèle dérivé d'un neuroblastome humain." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA055014.
Full textLagaert, Jean-Baptiste. "Modélisation de la croissance tumorale : estimation de paramètres d’un modèle de croissance et introduction d’un modèle spécifique aux gliomes de tout grade." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14308/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with mathematical modeling of tumor growth. Firstly, we present a parameter estimation method. More precisely, it consists in recovering the position of the tumor blood vessel, starting from imaging. The first step is to design a particular vascularization, then we compute the tumor growth with this blood-vessel network by using a model based on partial differential equations and hence we try to recover the initial vascularization solving the inverse problem. We show that the estimated vasculature could be used to efficiently predict the future tumor growth. In the second part of this thesis, we introduce a class of models dedicated to glioma, adapted both to low grade and multiform glioblastoma. In order to take into account their specificities, we include mainly two effects in the model : on the one hand, the infiltrate behaviors of gliomas, and on the other hand, the impact of brain heterogeneity, of brain anisotropy and of brain geometry on the tumor growth. Our models allow us to evaluate the efficiency of anti-angiogenic drugs and to compare it with the effect of drugs inhibiting the invasion ability of glioma. The models have been implemented in 2D and 3D in actual geometry provided by an atlas
Roger, Lauréline. "Etude des mécanismes de la régulation de l'EMT par le suppresseur de tumeur p53 dans un modèle de cellules de carcinome du colon." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20182.
Full textThe p53 tumour suppressor gene encodes a transcriptional regulator that monitor proliferation signals to prevent cells from uncontrolled growth. However, p53 has also alternative functions. Notably, loss of p53 favours cell migration and invasion, processes involved in tumour metastasis. Given that epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) also increases cell migration by altering the cell phenotype and morphology, we hypothesized that p53 controls molecular alterations that mediate EMT during cancer progression. Analysis of E-cadherin promoter activity and chromatin immunoprecipitation identified p53 as a direct transcriptional repressor of E-cadherin in human colon carcinoma cells, HCT116. Aberrant levels of p53 disrupted E-Cadherin-based cell-cell contacts and induced a more mesenchymal phenotype with downregulation of E-Cadherin and induction of the mesenchymal gene, vimentin. In addition, p21Waf-1 impeded p53 transcriptional repression and restored in part cell to cell adhesion. Furthermore, HCT116p53-/- cells overexpressing dominant-negative form of p53 also displayed the EMT-like phenotype. Neither p53 nor mutant p53–mediated shift toward mesenchymal morphology led to an increase of cell invasiveness. This work and our previous finding of mutant p53-mediated cell invasion identify p53 as a novel regulator of EMT and offer new perspectives in the comprehension of metastasis
Pileyre, Baptiste. "Etude préclinique évaluant l'utilisation de la fraction vasculaire stromale et les cellules souches dérivées de tissu adipeux dans le traitement des myosites." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NORMR054.
Full textMyositis is a group of autoimmune muscular diseases affecting skeletal muscles, leading to severe damage. While most patients respond to conventional treatments, some remain refractory. The stromal vascular fraction (SVF), freshly extracted from adipose tissue, or stem cells derived from it (ADSC) by expansive culture have shown promising results in various autoimmune pathologies and could enable the management of these patients. To assess their potential and study the mechanisms of action of these therapies, we carried out preclinical studies in vitro and in vivo. To this end, we characterized and used a mouse model of myositis, the Icos-/- NOD mouse, showing spontaneous muscle damage associated with extensive leukocyte infiltrates. To be closer of the autologous use of these therapies, we performed syngeneic transplants of FVS and ADSC in this model. We observed a slowdown in the progression of symptoms, a reduction in the loss of muscle strength and a decrease in muscle atrophy in vivo. We have demonstrated a greater efficacy of ADSCs, particularly in in vitro assays. These tests, carried out with donor cells and assessing regenerative efficacy (fibroblast colony forming unit assay) and immunomodulatory effect (lymphocyte proliferation inhibition assay), demonstrated the dose-dependent effect of these therapies, as well as the superiority of ADSCs in terms of both maximum efficacy and 50% inhibitory dose of the immunomodulatory effect. They also enabled us to identify markers predictive of the proliferative (CD90, CD105 or high hematopoietic stem cell count) and immunomodulatory (CD73 or macrophage count) effects of these therapies. All these elements demonstrate the potential of these therapies in the treatment of myositis, and the interest of investigating their effect through clinical trials
Leh, Barbara. "Caractérisation par autofluorescence de tissus cérébraux tumoraux : mesures sur fantômes et modèle animal." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647327.
Full textSouchet, Benoit. "Implications de la protéine DYRK1A dans la pathologie Alzheimer et développement de stratégies thérapeutiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS346/document.
Full textCurrent view conceptualizes Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as a continuum, with dementia representing the clinical outcome of a long period of cumulative pathological events in the brain of individual with free cognitive symptoms. New therapies for AD should ideally be started before the onset of symptoms but the lack of suitable tools mimicking preclinical stage of AD limits their future evaluations. In this work, we break this technological limitation. A new animal model have been developed in which a small amount of soluble Aβs forms able to induce hyper-phosphorylation of Tau is sufficient to disturb cognitive function long before classical lesions occur (amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and inflammation). This technological breakthrough allows us to evaluate involvement of the protein kinase DYRK1A and therapeutic potential of molecules modifying its functions in different stages of AD. Our results demonstrate that inhibition of its kinase activity reduces hyper-phosphorylation of Tau proteins and alleviates memory function in our preclinical AD-like animal model. In contrast, we provide evidences that DYRK1A undergoes a cleavage in brain of patient with clinical AD and gains new biological functions. Prevention of this proteolysis reduces inflammation and restores cognitive impairments in a clinical AD-like mice model. By targeting distinct phases of the disease, these data open avenue for personalized medicine and more-targeted treatment strategies
Giroldi, Laurence. "Mécanismes impliqués dans l'inhibition de la différenciation cellulaire par les promoteurs de tumeur du type ester de phorbol : les cellules de Friend comme modèle expérimental." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1T159.
Full textMacagno, Nicolas. "Biologie des tumeurs conjonctives de malignité intermédiaire : le modèle des tumeurs fibreuses solitaires méningées." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0650.
Full textMesenchymal neoplasms of intermediate malignancy were introduced by the World Health Or-ganization (WHO) classification of soft-tissue and bone tumors. This terminology accounts for a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, which common denominator is to fail usual prognostic approaches. Solitary fibrous tumor, a rare neoplasia, is an interesting model of such tumors with a potential for local recurrence and a low risk of metastasis. In this context, the main goal of this work was to define the biology of these neoplasms, using a multimodal approach. Considering their diagnosis, our work confirmed the excellent performance of STAT6 immunohistochemistry and its greater sensitivity compared to targeted RT-PCR. Considering the prognosis, we further specified the clinical, histological and molecular parameters that impact survival: surgical margin, mitotic index and necrosis. We revised the criteria of the Marseille Grading Scheme (MGS) accordingly, which resulted in high prognosis value for meningeal forms. Our results point that the whole spectrum is of intermediate malignancy as long as the follow-up is sufficient to allow detection of delayed adverse events. Our works also showed that the type of NAB2-STAT6 tran-script and the mutation of TERT promoter do not carry an independent prognostic value, albeit certain types of transcripts were associated with particular clinical and histological criteria. To conclude, the diagnosis and prognosis assessment of solitary fibrous tumors can be based on accessible histological criteria albeit their prognosis assessment is not fully satisfactory yet
Hadchity, Élie. "Développement d'une stratégie de radiosensibilisation par inhibition de l'expression de la proteine de choc thermique HSP27 dans un modèle cellulaire et préclinique de carcinome épidermoÏde de la tête et du cou." Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10014.
Full textThe overexpression of heat shock protein HSP27, observed in many types of cancers, is associated with tumor aggressiveness and thus poor prognosis. HSP27 presents a key role in tumorigenesis and, by interfering at different stages of the apoptotic process, is also involved in the resistance to anti-cancer treatments. Inhibition of its expression in combination with radiation treatment represents a potential therapeutic strategy. In the radioresistant SQ20B head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell line, we showed that the inhibition of HSP27 expression by antisense or RNA interference led to a sensitization of cells to gamma-irradiation. The mechanisms involved the activation of apoptotic and clonogenic cell death and the inhibition of the Akt survival pathway. Sensitization to irradiation was confirmed in two other radioresistant tumor cell lines, PC3 (prostate cancer) and U87 (glioblastoma). The preclinical validation of this new strategy has been carried out on nude mice bearing heterotopic xenografts of SQ20B cells. The intra-peritoneal injection of OGX-427 (antisense oligonucleotide targeting HSP27) combined with local tumor irradiation induced a significant decrease of tumor evolution, proportional to radiation dose (10 or 30 Gy), and enhanced the mice survival. Histological studies showed a high induction of apoptosis associated with a decrease of intratumoral glutathione levels as well as of angiogenesis. Treatment with OGX427, alone or combined with radiation, showed no apparent toxicity or damage of vital organs. These results suggest that HSP27 therapy may represent a potential adjuvant in the treatment of HNSCC cancers and other radioresistant tumors
Guérin, Olivier. "Intérêts en thérapeutique du ciblage des récepteurs à l'Epidermal Growth Factor(EGFR) et des récepteurs au Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor(VEGFR)dans le cancer de prostate hormono-résistant et docetaxel-résistant : etudes précliniques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20670/document.
Full textProstate cancer is the first male cancer men in France. Clinical benefits were realized during the ten last year’s concerning surgery, cytotoxic chemotherapy, hormonotherapy and radiotherapy. The reference treatment for homone-refractory prostate cancer combines docetaxel and prednisone. The current responses to second-line treatments are disappointing and considerable progress remains to be made. The aim of our studies was to test novel therapeutics approaches by combining docetaxel with EGFR and VEGFR targeting agents. Mice bearing well-established PC3 prostate tumors were used.MethodsThe aim of our first study was to test a rational therapeutic approach by combining docetaxel with an EGFR-targeting agent (cetuximab) and with an anti-angiogenic agent (sunitinib), using mice bearing PC3 prostate tumors.The aim of our second study was to test a novel therapeutic approach by combining docetaxel with vandetanib, a dual EGFR and VEGFR targeting agent. Mice bearing docetaxel-sensitive-or-resistant PC3 were used.ResultsIn our first study, supra-additive effects were observed with the sunitinib-docetaxel combination. Stable mean mouse weight suggested that no drug-induced toxicity was evident.In our second study, vandetanib had growth-stimulation effects at the smallest concentration on PC3 wild type, and no effect concerning the other conditions on PC3 wild type. MDR1 was expressed in PC3 resistant only, but was neither modulated nor its action inhibited, by vandetanib in vitro.ConclusionUse of sunitinib might support innovative strategies in the management of hormone-refractory prostate cancer, in our preclinical model. Concerning vandetanib, it would be use for hormone-refractory prostate cancer only after relapse under docetaxel, as a second-line treatment
To, Nhu Hanh. "Effet des radiations ionisantes sur le système immunitaire de l'hôte et de la tumeur dans un modèle murin d'allogreffe et des cancers du sein localement avancés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 12, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA120071.
Full textRadiotherapy (RT) is one of the main therapies for cancer treatment. Currently, in France, it is estimated that approximately 200,000 patients receive RT each year for different stages of the disease.The impact of RT on the immune system has been recognized for several decades for its "myeloablative" effect in patients who are candidates for bone marrow transplant (BMT), but also in victims of nuclear accidents and atomic bomb explosions who suffered from fatal bone marrow failure. Regarding therapeutic potentials, immunostimulatory effects of RT have been reported under the term "abscopal effect," corresponding to antitumor responses after RT in non-irradiated sites distant from solid tumors.My work in the laboratory(I-BIOT team of the IMRB) focused on the modulation of the immune response applied to allografts and cancer in the two following models:1. Allograft mouse model: understanding the parameters of total body irradiation (TBI) is essential for the reproducibility and reliability of experimental results in mouse models. Data from the literature have shown considerable variation in the reproduction of the results between experiments depending on the device used to deliver the ICT before BMT. The objective of this work was to compare two types of irradiation devices using different energy levels regarding post-allograft results (chimerism, graft-versus-host disease, and post-transplant tumor control). We demonstrated that TBI with low-energy photons induced more post-TBI inflammation than high-energy photons and, therefore, more post-BMT alloreactivity. This inflammation could be modulated by delaying the graft outside of the inflammatory peak and thus reducing post-BMT alloreactivity. These data should be taken into consideration for the interpretation of the results obtained according to the type of device used in the experimental model.2. Clinical model of breast cancer: the 2nd work is part of a translational study of a prospective clinical trial evaluating the place of preoperative radiotherapy (RT) in triple-negative and luminal B breast cancer. These subtypes of breast cancer are well known for their aggressiveness and their immunogenicity. In this model, the preoperative RT aimed to increase tumor responses by acting on tumor immunity. Immunity-related biomarkers derived from tumor microenvironment and peripheral blood were analyzed. In a preliminary analysis of 42 patients, we identified different potential biomarkers associated with pathologic complete response according to the preoperative therapy administered (with or without RT). These results might help to better select patients individually for this new therapeutic approach