Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modèle polynômial à mémoire'
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Li, Feng. "Linéarisation des amplificateurs de puissance dans les systèmes de communication large bande par prédistorsion numérique en bande de base." Nantes, 2012. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=2118905c-2a53-4d48-8a83-3d8e78e9de2a.
Full textToday, new applications of radio frequencies are designed and proposed to provide more services to users. Spectrum resource becomes increasingly scarce due to an explosion of applications for new services. To achieve higher spectral efficiency, different non constant-envelop modulation techniques have been adopted in modern communication systems. The resulted signals become more sensitive to the nonlinearity presented in the transmission channel, particularly that of the power amplifier (PA). Moreover, in modern communication system, the bandwidth being more and more wider, the memory effects of PAs can no longer be ignored. To achieve higher efficiency, we need to work with average input power close to the compression zone by using additional devices to linearize PAs. The purpose of linearization techniques is to obtain a linear characteristic up to the saturation zone of the PA. One of the most promising techniques is the baseband digital predistortion technique due to its simplicity, flexibility, and reconfigurability. This technique inverts digitally the nonlinearity of the PA in baseband before the PA to get an overall linearized system. The objective of this thesis is to find some efficient baseband predistortion based linearization techniques (fast and simple to implement on digital cards), for the power amplifier with nonlinear memory effects
Barral, Pierre. "Un modèle neuro-mimétique de mémoire associative." Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO0029.
Full textCarrière, Dominique. "Multiprocesseur à mémoire multiport série : architecture de la mémoire et modèle de consistance." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30107.
Full textDelepine-Bellassen, Virginie. "Effets du vieillissement sur un modèle de mémoire épisodique." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066268.
Full textBernardin, Sophie. "Mémoire de travail et contraintes cognitives : le modèle du partage temporel des ressources." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOL013.
Full textPortrat, Sophie. "Mémoire de travail et fonctions exécutives : l'apport du modèle de partage temporel des ressources." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOL006.
Full textThe relationships between maintenance and executive processing within working memory are explored through the Time-Based Resource-Sharing model (Barrouillet, Bernardin, & Camos, 2004). We study the role of the central executive in maintenance through the use of complex span tasks by investigating the impact of a wide range of executive functions (i. E. , response selection, retrieval, inhibition of prepotent responses and updating) on concurrent maintenance. On the one hand, we observe that the involvement of any executive function in a processing activity results in a decrease of memory performance. On the other hand, a meta-analysis establishes an accurate metric of this effect: the memory loss induced by a controlled processing activity is exclusively determined by the proportion of time during which this activity captures attention. Both maintenance and processing are underpinned by the central executive in charge of the sequential setting up of the executive processes. When a controlled processing activity is performed, it occupies the central executive that is no longer available for refreshing decaying memory traces
Boissonneault, Olivier. "Modèle numérique hybride macro-micro mécanique d'alliage à mémoire de forme." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2005. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/339/1/BOISSONNEAULT_Olivier.pdf.
Full textCoste, Cécile. "Dysfonctionnements mnésiques et modèle de soi après un traumatisme crânien sévère." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H137.
Full textDifferent mechanisms of memory can be affected by traumatic brain injury, especially autobiographical memory, personal component of memory allowing the construction and the maintenance of sense of identity. However, both the links between autobiographical memory and self (identity model), and the process underlying autobiographical impairments after traumatic brain injury remain unclear. This cognitive neuropsychological study proposes a multidimensional and thorough evaluation of autobiographical memory and self after severe traumatic brain injury in adults. Their mutual interactions in subjective time and their links with executives/working memory binding process and psychological context were also examined. Globally, within three distinct studies our results showed impairments in autobiographical memory (semantic and episodic) and alteration of self in subjective time. The data highlight interactions between autobiographical memory and self, as well as their links with executives/working memory binding functions and psychological context in traumatic brain injured patients and control participants. Our results are discussed in reference to current reconstructive models of memory. Our work brings new findings on cognitive functioning in patients with traumatic brain injury, which may lead to specific therapeutical non medical interventions in the future
Vermet, Franck. "Étude asymptotique d'un réseau neuronal: le modèle de mémoire associative de Hopfield." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00598243.
Full textSalset, Thierry. "Correction séquentielle de programmes parallèles dans le modèle asynchrone et mémoire partagée." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005620.
Full textGerbé, Olivier. "Un modèle uniforme pour la modélisation et la métamodélisation d'une mémoire d'entreprise." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0027/NQ52152.pdf.
Full textSALSET, THIERRY. "Correction séquentielle de programmes parallèles dans le modèle asynchrone et mémoire partagée." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENPC9711.
Full textMalek, Maria. "Un modèle hybride de mémoire pour le raisonnement à partir de cas." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10186.
Full textMakloul, Youssef. "L'espace MAC (Mémoire-affect-cognition) : un modèle élaboré du processus de persuasion publicitaire." Grenoble 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE21035.
Full textThis research intends to pursue a goal, which will confer to it, we hope, its originality: to offer a new modeling of the process of advertising' influence. In one of the generalizations made in their article published in the Journal of Marketing of January 1999, Vakratsas and Ambler say that: "The concept of a space of intermediate effects is supported, but a hierarchy (sequence) is not". On the basis of this remark, we want to study the impact of advertising on the consumer in a three-dimensional space. In other words, we aspire to show that affect, cognition and memory, commonly named intermediate effects of advertising, influence simultaneously the behavior of the consumer while interacting between them. The intensity of this effect depends on elements of context in particular the category of product and the involvement of the individual. To this end, we carried out an experiment based on a method of scenarios. The results obtained are exposed. A certain number of contributions, limits of this work as well as directions for further research are discussed
Plateau, Florence. "Modèle n-synchrone pour la programmation de réseaux de Kahn à mémoire bornée." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112080.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested in models and languages to program stream processing applications with real-time constraints, such as multimedia applications. They manipulate infinite data flows, on which they apply successive operations. These systems can be represented by Kahn Process Networks. In this model, computation nodes are executed concurrently and communicate through unbounded buffers. It has the advantage of being deterministic and yet allowing to express the intrinsic parallelism of applications. Nevertheless, it does not guarantee that the system is deadlock free and that it can be executed with bounded memory. Dataflow Synchronous Languages are a simple framework to program Kahn Process Networks without buffers. They offer strong guarantees on memory bounds and absence of deadlocks. The downside of these guarantees is a lack of flexibility in the composition of flows: communication must be done synchronously, that is without buffers. The n-synchronous model is an extension of the synchronous model that relaxes the synchronous constraint in a controlled way. It allows a more flexible composition while preserving static guarantees given by synchronous languages. We present a n-synchronous language and we focus on the analysis which statically checks that a program can be executed with bounded buffers and automatically computes those sizes
Yin, Shaoyi. "Un modèle de stockage et d'indexation pour des données embarquées en mémoire flash." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS0008.
Full textNAND Flash has become the most popular stable storage medium for embedded systems. Efficient storage and indexing techniques are very challenging to design due to a combination of NAND Flash constraints and embedded system constraints. In this thesis, we propose a new model relying on two basic principles: database serialization and database stratification. An indexing technique called PBFilter is presented to illustrate these principles. Analytical and experimental results show that the new approach meets very well the embedded system requirements. The PBFilter technique has been integrated into a complete embedded DBMS engine PlugDB. PlugDB is used in a real-life application implementing a secure and portable medico-social folder. PlugDB can be also seen as a central building block for a global vision named Personal Data Server, whose objective is to manage personal information in a secure, privacy-preserving and user-controlled way
Godet, Fanny. "Prévision linéaire des processus à longue mémoire." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00349384.
Full textGrefe, Gwenaëlle. "Les systèmes d'incitation à l'échange de connaissances au sein de communautés métiers de l'aluminium : essai d'explicitation d'un modèle." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA111013.
Full textBriglia, Johan. "De l'énactivisme appliqué à la mémoire humaine : Athena, un modèle fractal de covariances sensorimotrices." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30076/document.
Full textSince the cognitive revolution of the 1950s, the cognitive paradigm has been accepted by the great majority of researchers, especially in the domain of memory. Connectionism has come to question its modular organization by emphasizing its emergent character. However, the question of reference remained posed in the sense it was based on the existence of internal representations of a world external to the subject. The enactivist paradigm, that takes up the principles of constructivism, proposes that cognition should no longer be seen as the representation of a pre-existing world but as the product of our sensorimotor experiences. In this work, we present ATHENA: an enactivist model of memory without representations inspired by MINERVA2, but taking into account the contributions of the Act-In model. Memory is built by a fractal contextualization of sensorimotor covariances. A series of experimental simulations allows us to account for many memory phenomena in a more effective way than what is possible within representationalism: the emergence, learning and manipulation of abstractions without representations; but also other cognitive phenomena such as a subjective time construction (without temporal representations learned)
Coulon, Jérôme. "Mémoire longue, volatilité et gestion de portefeuille." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00657711.
Full textKorchia, Michaël. "Connaissances des marques stockées en mémoire par les consommateurs : modèle théorique et test empirique." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX3A001.
Full textLesourd, Mathieu. "Les interactions et intégrations multi-sensorielles sous l’angle d’un modèle de mémoire à traces multiples." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20058/document.
Full textOur conception of memory has the aim to describe the memory process more than the memory architecture. Our theoretical approach is based on the Act-in model, postulating that memory is represented by a multidimensional set of traces. These traces should include all dimensions of an experience (e.g., sensory-motor and emotional components). This model relies on two mechanisms (i.e., activation and integration) in order to reveal the emergence of knowledge. The aim of this work was to specify the functional relationships between activation and integration through memory and perception mechanisms. We also proposed a mechanism of interaction, to understand the formation of sensory memory traces. The model Act-in is composed by multidimensional memory traces. Thus, we studied the relationship between integration, interaction and activation through multimodality. This work was organized around two main axis. On one hand perceptual integration and on the other hand the memory integration.In the first axis, we have introduced the concept of multimodal interaction to show the relationship between sensory modalities in perceptual tasks. Our results revealed that when sensory interactions were systematically repeated, the performance of subjects were better than those observed in a context in which multimodal sensory modalities did not maintain a link. We measured using a mathematical tool, the Race Model, multi-sensory gain under various conditions. We have shown that the Race Model measured multi-sensory gain, mainly when the task did not involve memory processes (i.e., detection). This mathematical tool seems to be more sensitive to multimodal interaction, when the sensory components are not integrated into memory.In the second axis, we used an experimental paradigm to measure the effects of sensory encoding on subsequent retrieval tasks (i.e., categorization, recognition and free recall). Our results showed that a congruent multimodal association at encoding (e.g., image of dog and the dog barking) improved performance in various memory tasks. It seems that the activation of the sensory dimensions could explain the facilitation during retrieval. Moreover, an incongruent multimodal association at encoding (e.g., image of a dog and white noise) disturbed performance from retrieval in long-term memory. This result provides a further argument supporting sensory-based memory model.In summary, we propose a multimodal interaction mechanism for the integration of sensory components in memory. Secondly, we have shown that sensory modalities associated during encoding could be reactivated later and facilitate the processing only when the sensory modalities were semantically congruent. This result improves the assumption that memory is sensory-based.Finally, theses results suggest that memory and perception share common features. The reactivation of a sensory dimension can influence the perceptual dimension processing and vice versa. This allows us to consider a horizontal relationship between memory and perception. In such case, the traditional relationship between memory and perception, as assumed to be top-down, could be questioned
Beroule, Dominique. "Un modèle de mémoire adaptative, dynamique et associative pour le traitement automatique de la parole." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112317.
Full textMasson, Jean-Pierre. "Développement d'un modèle de simulation du comportement dynamique de circuits magnétiques conducteurs sature." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0045.
Full textRichetin, Kevin. "Modulation de la neurogenèse hippocampique adulte et récupération mnésique dans un modèle murin de la maladie d’Alzheimer." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2565/.
Full textThe mammalian brain continues to produce new neurons throughout adult life. These new neurons become integrated into hippocampal neuronal circuits and participate to the formation of new memories. Among pathologies associated with memory dysfunctions, Alzheimer's disease (AD is one of the most frequent during aging. Although persisting neurogenic activity has been observed in post-mortem hippocampus of AD patients, the new cells fail to achieve their differentiation into mature and functional neurons and die. Data from several AD mouse models indicate that altered hippocampal neurogenesis is an early event in the course of AD pathology, suggesting that it could contribute to the etiology of the disease associated cognitive impairments. Thus, our project aimed at developing and validating a strategy to promote new hippocampal neurons maturation, with the ultimate aim to reduce memory impairments associated with AD. We had three objectives: 1) Characterize cognitive impairments and hippocampal neurogenesis alterations in the APPswe/PS1dE9 (APPxPS1) mouse model of AD; 2) Develop a gene-expression based strategy to promote new neurons integration in the adult brain in vivo; Evaluate its impact on the cognitive abilities of APPxPS1 mice; 3) Determine whether the mitochondrial system contribute to the neurogenic effect induced by this strategy, in healthy and AD mice. First, we showed that hippocampal neurogenesis is severely impaired in APPxPS1 mice. This impairment appeared greater in females than in males, and was paralleled with higher spatial memory deficits and exacerbated astrocytic network in the dentate gyrus of the APPxPS1 females. Then, we used a retroviral vector to direct the expression a gene of interest in the neural progenitors of the adult dentate gyrus. Overexpression of the transcription factor NeuroD1 in vivo, promoted neuronal fate and functional integration of transduced neurons. In APPxPS1 mice, this strategy rescued the connectivity of the new neurons and restored spatial memory. Based on data suggesting the implication of the mitochondrial system to AD pathology, we examined whether a mitochondrial dysfunction could participate to the neurogenic deficits observed in APPxPS1 mice. We found that the mitochondrial system was altered in new hippocampal neurons of APPXPS1 mice. Using an in vitro and in vitro approaches, we further showed that NeuroD1 overexpression increased mitochondrial biogenesis in primary cultures of neurons and restored mitochondrial biomass in the new neurons of APPxPS1 mice. Collectively our data indicate that targeted expression of NeuroD1 stimulates the mitochondrial system which in turn regulates the integration of new neurons in a mouse model of AD
Dedu, Eugen. "Conception d'un modèle de simulation de systèmes multi-agent, et de son algorithmique et implantation parallèle sur architectures MIMD à mémoire partagée : modèle ParSSAP." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00071184.
Full textActuellement, il y a un manque de simulateurs parallèles efficaces pour ces systèmes, qui seraient très utiles, compte tenu des temps d'exécution pour des simulations à grande échelle. Dans ce contexte, notre apport se divise en trois parties : (1)~fournir un modèle de simulation de SMAs à grande échelle, appelé ParSSAP, (2)~faire un travail d'algorithmique parallèle dans les SMAs et (3)~fournir une implantation de ce modèle sous la forme d'une bibliothèque parallèle.
Dans cette thèse nous commençons par introduire les SMAs, les problèmes de parallélisation qu'ils posent et l'état de l'art dans la simulation des SMAs. Nous présentons ensuite nos travaux et apports : le modèle de simulation que nous avons conçu, l'algorithmique parallèle utilisée dans deux percepts d'agents fournis dans notre bibliothèque (calcul des champs de visibilité et propagation des champs de potentiel), la documentation sur notre bibliothèque et quelques applications avec leurs performances à l'exécution. Finalement, nous présentons le bilan, positif, de nos travaux.
Notre modèle et son implantation parallèle sont destinés à une utilisation facile et à des exécutions efficaces. Ils peuvent encore être enrichis, néanmoins notre bibliothèque permet déjà de construire rapidement des applications efficaces à l'exécution sur des machines parallèles modernes.
Jensen, Christian Damsgaard. "Un modèle de contrôle d'accès générique et sa réalisation dans la mémoire virtuelle répartie unique Arias." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004841.
Full textAndré-Bazzana, Bénédicte. "Le mythe du "modèle espagnol" de transition à la démocratie." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002IEPP0019.
Full textAllain, Gaël. "L'amorçage négatif : influence du mismatch et remise en cause du modèle de l'inhibition sélective." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/allain_g.
Full textIn three experiment series we tested the hypothesis that negative priming (NP) can occur without prime or target selection, when conflicting properties are associated with the prime and the target. We demonstrated that this effect only appeared when subjects were able to encode primes correctly, either when experimental conditions allow the encoding of the target as a separate episode from the prime (on-line priming), or by using stimuli increasing episodic trace retrieval process (faces versus shapes long term priming). Our results seem problematic for the inhibition view of negative priming which is based on selective attention. Indeed our paradigm without distractor presentation can be accommodated within the selection-feature mismatch theory based on the episodic retrieval theory
Puget, Sophie. "Performance de la mémoire DRAM embarquée sans capacité sur film mince." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10143.
Full textConventional embedded DRAM memory has to cope with miniaturization of access transistor and storage capacitor. Technological solutions proposed today lead to complex manufacturing process and density loss. In this context, emerging solutions appear such as embedded DRAM without additional storage element. These architectures use only one transistor to amplify and store the data. Memory charge is stored in a floating substrate. In miniaturization race, thin film device remains relevant candidate for 22 nm technology node and beyond. This thesis explores thin film transistor potential as capacitorless embedded DRAM. In a first step, electrical characteristics are carried out on FDSOI devices to demonstrate the possible programming mechanisms. Then a modeling is proposed taking into account physical phenomena occurring during memory operations. Based on a charge approach, the model is calibrated with SWB simulations. Main parasitic effects related to miniaturization, Short Channel Effects and Quantum Effects are detailed. The study is following by the modeling of dynamic memory behaviour until data retention. The model is subsequently used throug a Design Of Experiment to evaluate technological parameters impact on memory characteristics like amplitude, data retention, write and erase time. Finally, Independent Double Gate transistor proposed to solve selectivity issue of FDSOI erasing operation is discussed and technological process step are exposed
Labalestra, Mélanie. "Les troubles formels de la pensée et de la mémoire sémantique : modèle de vulnérabilité au trouble bipolaire." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIML012/document.
Full textDisorganization of speech is commonly observed in the manic phase of bipolar disorder as incomprehensible language, disjointed or illogical ideas. Recent studies had explored the cognitive processes that underlie these disturbances of language and formal thought disorders in bipolar trouble. These studies appear to be in favor of semantic abnormalities. To determine the nature of these disturbances, we carried out studies which focus on two specific processes: the automatic spreading activation and the semantic inhibition. To assess these processes, two lexical decision tasks based on semantic priming were built. These tasks are proposed to 17 euthymic bipolar patients as well as to a group of 61 people from the general population for whom hypomanic personality traits and affective temperaments are evaluated. The results show lower efficacy for both processes in bipolar disorder. These disturbances are associated with the disturbances of formal thought disorders. In the general population, the results show that only the dysfunction of the automatic spreading activation is associated with hyperthymic and irritable temperaments. This association is not found for semantic inhibition, suggesting the intervention of compensatory cognitive strategies when the processes are controlled. Our results, combined with those of the literature, seem to be in favor of a dimensional approach to bipolar disorder and underline the interest of investigating cognition in the attenuated forms of the disorder
Pouillon, Nicolas. "Modèle de programmation pour applications parallèles multitâches et outil de déploiement sur architecture multicore à mémoire partagée." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066389.
Full textThomas, Romain. "Modèle de mémoire et de carte cognitives spatiales : application à la navigation du piéton en environment urbain." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S029.
Full textTaoum, Joanna. "MEMORIA, un Modèle de rEprésentation de la MémOire de l'appRenant pour les systèmes tutoriels Intelligents et Adaptatifs." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0117/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we present MEMORIA, a model of the learner’s memory representation for adaptive and intelligent tutoring systems. The main contribution of this model is a formalization and an implementation of the learner's model using memories that store the information perceived by the learner in a virtual environment and the instructions given by the tutor. The design of our model is based on the four classic components of an intelligent tutorial system.The domain model is represented by the domain knowledge that is formalized using MASCARET. In order to make the interactions between the tutor and the learner natural, we represent the interface model through an embodied conversational agent using GRETA. The learner's model is made of all the knowledge acquired by the learner during the simulation. This knowledge is organized into three memories: sensory memory, working memory, and long-term memory. Our major challenge is to formalize the encoding of information in these memories, as well as the data flow between them.This formalization is based on the theory of human memory proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin and inspired by the cognitive architecture ACT-R. Our proposed tutor model focuses on the realization of a behavior that adapts the execution of the pedagogical scenario according to the learner's knowledge and the interactions with the tutor. An experimental study was conducted to validate our model. We compared two groups of participants. In the first group, we integrated an adaptive tutor using our model which adapts the execution of the pedagogical scenario and in the second group, a non-adaptive tutor who applied a fixed pedagogical scenario. The results of this study allow us to conclude on the effectiveness of our model for procedural learning
Roca, Manon. "Contribution à un modèle d'EEPROM : de la calibration expérimentale à la prise en compte des effets thermiques." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX11061.
Full textVieille, Benoit. "De l'élaboration d'un modèle numérique à la prédiction du comportement de strutures minces en alliage à mémoire de forme." Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA2027.
Full textThe Shape Memory Alloys industrial development is narrowly connected to the design process requiring the perfecting of efficient numerical tools which allow to simulate their complex behaviours. The SMA superelasticity tridimensional phenomenological model so developed comes from the generalized standard materials theory and the classical plasticity models. The expansion to the finite transformations case relies on the deformed intermediate configuration and the director vectors concepts. The model constitutive laws numerical integration with an implicit method allowed then the implementation in the finite element code Castem 2000Ò. At last, the comparison with experimental tests allowed the validation of the model integration in a specific shell finite element context. Thus, it permits to consider the finite transformations computations for very thin structures under proportional loadings
Didelot, Gérard. "La mémoire à long terme chez la drosophile : un cadre d'étude des retards mentaux non syndromiques." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112018.
Full textMental retardation affects 1 to 3% of the population of the industrialized contries. People affected by this pathology have a intellectual quotient less than 70. A lot of genes are known to be implicated in this neurological disorder, they are well conserved in Drosophila genome. Drosophila seems to be a very attractive animal system to better understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying learning and memory. Despite his relatively simple nervous system, drosophila is able to make the association between an odour and a electric shock and to retrieve this information later. Three genes implicated in non syndromic mental retardation were studied in drosophila : tequila, DPak and dpix. With RNAi, these three genes were silenced in the mushroom bodies, the olfactory memory center. Flies have a soecific long term memory defect and a normal short term memory. Tequila and DPak are required specifically in the long term memory establishment. The silencing of these genes does not affect the morphology of the mushroom bodies suggesting a essential role in pathways underlying neuronal plasticity who is required for long term memory. Teq expression is upregulated during the establishment of long term memory. This work has shown that drosophila could be a useful organism to better understand the non syndromic mental retardation
Elias, Rodrigues Yuri. "Unification de l’hétérogénéité expérimentale par un modèle géométrique de la plasticité synaptique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ6013.
Full textHow learning occurs has been a long-standing question in neuroscience. Since the first demonstration that the strength wiring up neurons can be persistent, the study of neuronal connections, the synapses, became a path to understanding memory formation. In the 70s, the first electrophysiology methods to modify the synaptic strength were discovered, leading to the evidence of how synapses subjected to stimulation are plastic. Such a form of synaptic plasticity was predicted two decades before by a theoretical synaptic rule coined by the neuropsychologist Donald Hebb. The possibility that a devised rule could explain memory motivated the birth of theories providing new questions and mechanistic representations of the brain's functioning. The diversification of techniques allowed researchers to investigate in depth the nature of synaptic rules. However, the heterogeneity of experimental conditions adopted by different laboratories implicated that the same stimulation pattern could produce different synaptic modifications. The observed heterogeneity in the methods and outcomes have hindered the formalization of a coherent view on how synaptic plasticity works. To fill this gap, this thesis developed a stochastic computational model of the rat CA3-CA1 glutamatergic synapse to explain and gain insights into how experimental conditions affect plasticity outcomes. I uncovered a new plasticity rule that accounts for methodological differences such as developmental aspects, extracellular medium and temperature influences on synaptic plasticity outcome. The model relies on an expanded version of the previous methods to predict synaptic plasticity, modified to handle combined dynamics. That is achieved by introducing a geometrical readout to interpret the dynamics of two calcium-binding enzymes controlling the induction of plasticity. In this way, the model covers classical and recent stimulation paradigms (e.g. STDP, FDP) using a single rule parameter set. Finally, the model's robustness is tested for in vivo-like spike time irregularity showing how different protocols converge to the same outcome when regularity is altered. This model allows one to obtain testable predictions since it links the simulated variables to the specificity needed to describe a plasticity protocol. Although the model is specific to a single CA3-CA1 synapse, the study's insights may be generalized to other types, enabling a deeper understanding of the rules of synaptic plasticity and learning
Chen, Kejia. "Contribution à la conception de la mémoire d'un agent assistant personnel." Compiègne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008COMP1774.
Full textThe thesis concerns the structuration of a memory for personal assistant (PA) agents. This work is realized in the process of developing a genric model of PA agent. After studying the issues in this area, we plan to build a PA agent with memory, named MemoPA agent. This agent behaves in a more effective way, allowing to better understand the user and help the user. Having examined several cognitive memory models, we propose to organize the memory of PA agents in the form of MOP (Memory Organization Packets) and then build a memory mechanism inspired by the idea of Cased-Based Reasoning. A prototype of MemoPA agent was developed and implemented in our multi-agents plateform. In addition to the structuration of memory, we also produced a mechanism to update the knowledge base during the memory process, a mechanism of using cases to resolve new problems, a policy of identifying pronominal references in the conversation. Through several experiments in the prototype, we conclude that the MemoPA agent showed some wisdow in relation to the PA agent without memory. With a memory, the resolving process of the user tasks can be improved, some errors in this process can be avoided and the user statements may be better understood
Ben, abdalah Abir. "Influence du vieillissement sur l'effet mémoire des polymères / Modélisation du mécanisme de mémoire de forme." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAE046.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to characterize the Shape Memory Effect (SME) of the (40% PCL/60% SBS) blend and to study the influence of the molecular weight and the physicochemical properties on this SME. Firstly, experimental characterization is performed in order to evaluate the physicochemical, morphological and mechanical properties of the used materials. The (PCL/SBS) blend exhibits a Total SME (TSME) as it recovers 100% of its original shape after one shape memory cycle. The energy stored in the structure acts as the driving force that can be responsible for this SME. Therefore, an original method using a witness is used to establish the stress-strain evolution during recovery. Secondly, to change the molecular weight of PCL in the blend, enzymatic hydrolytic degradation using an Amano Lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens is carried out. The influence of hydrolysis on the pure PCL properties is evaluated. Then, sampling is carried out and (PCL/SBS) blends with different PCL molecular weights are obtained. Subsequently, these blends are submitted to experimental and shape memory tests to study the relationship between the molecular weight and the SME. The results show that the decrease in the molecular weight causes morphological and structural changes: the increase in stiffness and the embrittlement of the mixture, the decrease in compatibility, the increase in heterogeneity and the loss of thermo-dynamical balance of phases. These changes in the molecular weight and in the properties of blends influence its recovery capacity. The blend with the TSME is transformed to a polymer with partial SME. Finally, a bi-parabolic model is used to predict the viscoelastic behavior of the (40% PCL / 60% SBS) blend before and after its enzymatic hydrolytic aging
Cerles, Mélanie. "Evaluation et développement d'un modèle de la mémoire épisodique reposant sur un processus de mise à jour égocentrée." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GRENS003/document.
Full textEpisodic memory makes it possible to mentally travel back in our own past; it breaks the law of theunidirectionality of time, and allows us to mentally relive past events. The main goal of this work wasto investigate whether episodic memory and the subjective feeling of reliving a past event (i.e.,autonoetic consciousness) arise from the fluency of the reconstruction process of the event. Thisreconstruction would involve the process of egocentric spatial updating with self-motion. Thishypothesis was first developed in Gomez and colleagues' model (Gomez, Rousset, & Baciu, 2009) thatsuggests that egocentric updating re-instances an egocentric spatial point of view on the rememberedevent. The present work brings additional behavioral evidences to this model by assessing both theconception of attributional episodic memory and the functional link between online egocentricupdating with self-motion and episodic memory. A first set of studies showed that enhancingartificially the fluency of the egocentric updating process, during the recognition phase, increasedautonoetic consciousness. Moreover, such phenomenon only happened when recognition involved areconstruction process. A second set of studies showed that performing an online egocentric updatingwith self-motion interfered with remembering. Although the updating of its own position though selfmotionis automatic, it specifically slows down source recall. Finally, a last study showed adissociation between preservations of and deficits of egocentric spatial updating abilities in patientssuffering from Alzheimer's disease. The results of these studies are discussed in the context of Gomezand colleagues' model, and in terms of embodied and situated cognition
Lescaudron, Laurent. "Effets neuroanatomiques de l'alcoolisation chronique au niveau de structures cérébrales impliquées dans la mémoire : étude d'un modèle animal." Bordeaux 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR20203.
Full textOuloin, Martyrs. "Méthode d'inversion d'un Modèle de diffusion Mobile Immobile fractionnaire." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01016447.
Full textOuloin, Martyrs. "Méthode d’inversion d’un Modèle de diffusion Mobile Immobile fractionnaire." Thesis, Avignon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AVIG0504/document.
Full textAppealing models for mass transport in porous media assume that fluid and tracer particles can be trapped during random periods. Among them, the fractional version of the Mobile Immobile Model (f-MIM) was found to agree with several tracer test data recorded in environmental media.This model is equivalent to a stochastic process whose density probability function satisfies an advection-diffusion equation equipped with a supplementary time derivative, of non-integer order. The stochastic process is the hydrodynamic limit of random walks accumulating convective displacements, diffusive displacements, and stagnation steps of random duration distributed by a stable Lévy law having no finite average. Random walk and fractional differential equation provide complementary simulation methods.We describe that methods, in view of having tools for comparing the model with tracer test data consisting of time concentration curves. An other essential step in this direction is finding the four parameters of the fractional equation which make its solutions fit at best given sets of such data. Hence, we also present an inversion method adapted to the f-MIM. This method is based on Laplace transform. It exploits the link between model's parameters and Laplace transformed solutions to f-MIM equation. The link is exact in semi-infinite domains. After having checked inverse method's efficiency for numerical artificial data, we apply it to real tracer test data recorded in non-saturated porous sand
Rey, Christophe. "Dysfonctionnement de l'aire CA2 de l'hippocampe et déficits de mémoire sociale dans un modèle murin de la maladie d'Alzheimer." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30091.
Full textOne of the most excruciating cognitive problems observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is their inability to recognize others. To date, the neural mechanisms underlying this form of memory, called social memory, are partly unknown. This cognitive function requires the integration of numerous sensory information and elaborated memory processes, suggesting that the hippocampal circuit may be involved. Very recently, the area CA2 sub-region of the hippocampus, has aroused a great deal of interest, particularly in its major involvement in the processing of social memory. For the hippocampus to function properly, the balance between excitation and inhibition is essential. The area CA2 has the particularity of exhibiting a very high density of inhibitory parvalbumin (PV) interneurons which express unique properties. In patients and mouse models (Tg2576) of AD, dysfunction of PV interneurons leads to abnormal activity of the hippocampal neural network. Furthermore, this alteration of PV interneurons in the CA2 area is associated with the reduction of their extracellular matrix called perineuronal net (PNN). In this thesis, we hypothesized that PNNs around PV neurons are necessary for social memory and that their disappearance in the area CA2 is responsible for the social memory deficit observed in AD. Indeed, we show that the alteration of PNN around PV neurons in the area CA2 is sufficient to induce specific alterations in social memory in healthy mice. On the other hand, a specific improvement of social memory capacities is obtained in AD mice by stimulating the formation of PNNs in the area CA2. Finally, we report that Tg2576 mice exhibit an aberrant brain activity during a social task and this perturbation may be dependent on the disappearance of PNNs in the area CA2. Thus, our results reveal that the area CA2 of the hippocampus plays a major role in the social memory deficits associated with AD. Our work also identifies PV neurons and their extracellular matrix, the PNN, as crucial elements in the formation of social memory
Villard, Vanessa. "Effets anti-amnésiants et neuroprotecteurs de quelques dérivés aminotétrahydrofuraniques, ligands mixtes sigma1/muscariniques, dans un modèle non-transgénique de la maladie d'Alzheimer." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20243.
Full textAlzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder for which there is no curative treatment. The treatments proposed to patients are purely symptomatic and have only transitory effect on the disease progression. It thus appears essential to identify new ways of pharmacological treatment, with particularly effective neuroprotective activity. The drug candidates developed by Anavex Life Sciences have different affinities for the sigma1 receptor involved in the modulation of multiple cellular pathways. The sigma1 receptor is able to induce antiamnesic and neuroprotective effects in many pathological models including non-transgenic model of AD based on central injection of β25-35 amyloid peptide (Aβ25-35) in mice. Using this validated and predictive AD model, we have characterized the antiamnesic and neuroprotective effects of six mixed sigma1/muscarinic compounds on different amyloid toxicity parameters at the histological, molecular and behavioral levels. Our results showed that ANAVEX1-41 and ANAVEX2-73 compounds block the amnesia induced by injection of peptide Aβ25-35 via their component sigma1. They have a neuroprotective activity in this pathomimetic model of AD by preventing the oxidative stress, inflammation but also the cell loss induced by the peptide Aβ25-35. These effects are accompanied by blocking the onset of behavioral deficits. In conclusion, ANAVEX1-41 and ANAVEX2-73 are promising compounds for treatment of AD
Mathy, Fabien. "L' apprenabilité des concepts évaluée au moyen d'un modèle multi-agent de la complexité des communications en mémoire de travail." Reims, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REIML007.
Full textThis dissertation reports a study on the compressibility of information in working memory in order to define a metric of communicational complexity. In the multi-agent system described, the work of each agent represents that of a working memory unit. The multi-agent system cooperatively learns concepts based on Boolean dimensions. The objective of agents is to elaborate common knowledge from distributed one. The present model produces for each concept learned a minimal inter-agent communication protocol describing the processing load in working memory. Communication protocol complexity is seen as the result of two sources of complexity: the number of agents required (i. E. The Kolmogorov complexity) and the number of times these agents are used (i. E. Logical depth). 900 participants, from 4 years old to adulthood, completed rule-based classification tasks in 2, 3 and 4 dimensions. The computation of logical depth and the ordering of communication protocols in a lattice were confirmed
Li, Jian-Jin. "Algorithmes parallèles pour la synthèse d'image sur machines à mémoire distribuée." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10080.
Full textRekik, Khaoula. "La mémoire hippocampo-dépendante : altérations dans un modèle de vieillissement accéléré et régulation par le système nociceptinergique chez la souris." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30327/document.
Full textMemory can be defined as a biological and psychic activity that allows the acquisition, storage and retrieval of information. Long-term memory formation takes place in several stages: acquisition, consolidation. Once consolidated, the memory can be reactivated and then reconsolidated. Memory is a dynamic process that can undergo physiological (aging) or pathological alterations (neurodegenerative diseases, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)) during the life of an individual. In a first step, we characterized the behavior of Werner mice (WRN), a model of accelerated aging. Our results showed that WRN mice of different ages (3, 5 and 8 months) showed no motor problems or anxiety, two parameters altered in 21-month-old mice. These mice also showed no non hippocampus-dependent memory deficit but showed hippocampus- dependent memory deficits. In terms of functional integrity of the hippocampus, Werner mice are able to store information after learning, but from 8 months onwards, they lack behavioral flexibility in spatial and contextual memory tests, a feature also observed in physiological aging. Our results show that at the behavioral level, WRN mice are a good model for studying aging because they show from 8 months deficits comparable to normal elderly mice without confounding effects related to locomotion or anxiety. Secondly, we evaluated the effect of a neuropeptidergic system, the nociceptin system (N/OFQ peptide, NOP receptor) on long-term memory. We first showed that differentagonists of the NOP receptor inhibit the reconsolidation of aversive memory in the fear conditioning paradigm.. This inhibitory effect was also observed in a non- aversive hippocampus-dependent task, the object location test. Since activation of NOP receptors produces an amnestic effect, it can be hypothesized that their inhibition by antagonists could promote learning and memory. Indeed, our first results show that the injection of a NOP antagonist improves the performance in the object location test in Tg2576 mice, a model of familial Alzheimer's disease. All these results validate the interest of the nociceptinergic system as a therapeutic target to attenuate pathological forms of aversive memory as in the case of PTSD, or on the contrary improve memory performance in Alzheimer patients
Bourdet, Isabelle. "La Drosophile comme modèle pour l'étude de la maladie d'Alzheimer : rôle de la protéine précurseur Amyloïde dans la mémoire olfactive." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066256/document.
Full textAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive deterioration of memory. The amyloid peptide (Aβ), the principal component of senile plaques found in patients’ brains, has been considered as the main cause of memory dysfunction. However, the exact molecular mechanisms that underlie memory decline remain unknown. Aβ is produced by the proteolysis of a transmembrane protein named Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP). It has been suggested that in addition to the accumulation of Aβ, APP loss of function may play a crucial role in the cognitive dysfunction associated with AD, especially at the onset of the disease. Drosophila contains a single APP ortholog APP-like (APPL), that undergoes processing pathways similar to that of APP. We have previously highlighted in young flies the involvement of APPL in associative olfactory memory (Goguel et al., 2011). During my thesis, we sought firstly to identify which form of APPL, among its numerous metabolites, is critical for memory, and secondly, to analyze the effect of promoting the amyloidogenic pathway in the young adult brain. Our results suggest several types of functional interactions between APPL and its metabolites: a positive interaction between the full length membrane and the secreted form - which would underlie implementation of memory under physiological conditions - and a negative interaction between APPL and dAβ - which would rather participate to the progression of the memory decline observed during AD