Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modèle mécanistes'
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Guay, Pascal. "Modèle dynamique des mécanismes." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0003.
Full textJi, Hong. "Mécanismes pathogéniques dans un modèle murin polyarthrite." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13118.
Full textBushdid, Caroline. "Modèles numériques des mécanismes de l’olfaction." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4091/document.
Full textHumans have ~400 genes encoding odorant receptors (ORs) that get differentially activated by a virtually infinite space of small organic molecules. The combinatorial code resulting from this activation could allow the human nose to discriminate more than one trillion different olfactory stimuli. But how is the percept encoded in the structure of a molecule? To understand how our nose decrypts the structure of molecules, numerical models were used to study the main protagonists of olfaction: ORs and odorants. These approaches included machine-learning methods to explore and exploit existing data on ORs, and molecular modeling to understand the mechanisms behind molecular recognition. In this thesis I first review the structure-odor relationships from a chemist's point of view. Then, I explain how I developed a machine learning protocol which was validated by predicting new ligands for four ORs. In addition, molecular modeling was used to understand how molecular recognition takes place in ORs. In particular, a conserved vestibular binding site in a class of human ORs was discovered, and the role of the orthosteric binding cavity was studied. The application of these techniques allows upgrading computer aided deorphanization of ORs. My thesis also establishes the basis for testing computationally the combinatorial code of smell perception. Finally, it lays the groundwork for predicting the physiological response triggered upon odorant stimulation. Altogether, this work anchors the structure-odor relationship in the post-genomic era, and highlights the possibility to combine different computational approaches to study smell
Maloveste, Sébastien. "Mécanismes d'action des anticorps neutralisant le HIV-1 : du modèle d'encombrement au modèle dynamique." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX22040.
Full textBennouri, Moez. "Les mécanismes d'échanges dans les marchés financiers." Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10038.
Full textTurner, Marie. "Plusieurs niveaux de contrôle sont mis en jeu lors de flétrissement bactérien chez la légumineuse modèle Medicago truncatula." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT011A/document.
Full textManquant
Yao, Yitong. "Impacts of drought on biomass and carbon fluxes in the Amazon rainforest : a modeling approach." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASJ010.
Full textDroughts have recurrently impacted the Amazon rainforests, undermining the forest biomass carbon sink capacity due to a quicker increase of biomass mortality compared to growth. Most global land surface models used for assessments of the Global Carbon Budget and future climate projections have not incorporated drought-induced tree mortality. Their prediction of biomass dynamics are therefore subject to large uncertainties, as a result of (1) lack of explicit simulation of hydraulic transportin the continuum from soil to leaves; (2) lack of process-based equations connecting the impairment of the hydraulic transport system of trees to mortality; (3) lack of representation of mortality across trees sizes. To address these critical research gaps, I improved plant hydraulic representation in ORCHIDEECAN. This model was re-calibrated and evaluated over rainforests in Amazon basin, and applied to simulate the future evolution of biomass dynamics facing droughts. Firstly, I implemented a mechanistic hydraulic architecture that was designed by E. Joetzjer, and a hydraulic-failure related tree mortality module that I designed into ORCHIDEE-CAN. The model was calibrated against the world’s longest running drought manipulation experiment of Caxiuana in the eastern Amazon. Our model produced comparable annual tree mortality rates than the observation andcaptured biomass dynamics. This work provides a basis for further research in assimilating experimental observation data to parameterize the hydraulic failure induced tree mortality. Secondly, I applied ORCHIDEE-CAN-NHA over the Amazon intact rainforest. The model reproduced the drought sensitivity of aboveground biomass (AGB) growth and mortality observed atnetworks of forest inventory plots across Amazon intact forests for the two recent mega-droughts of 2005 and 2010. We predicted a more negative sensitivity of the net biomass carbon sink to water deficits for the recent 2015/16 El Nino, which was the most severe drought in the historical record. In the model, even if climate change with droughts becoming more severe tended to intensify tree mortality, increased CO2 concentration contributed to attenuate the C loss due to mortality by suppressing transpiration.Lastly, I used the ORCHIDEE-CAN-NHA model for future simulations of biomass carbondynamics. Most climate models (ISIMIP2 program) consistently predict a drier trend in northeastern Amazon. The simulation forced by the HadGEM climate model in the RCP8.5 scenario shows the most pronounced drying in eastern and northeastern Amazon, with a cross-over point at which the carbon sink turned to a carbon source in the Guiana Shield and East-central Amazon in the middle of the 21st century. This study sheds light on predicting the future evolution of Amazon rainforest biomass dynamics with an improved process-based model able to reproduce climate-change induced mortality.In the conclusion and outlook sections, future developments and research priorities are proposed, which would improve the reliability and performances of the process-based model presented in this dissertation, allowing to better capture mechanisms that control the evolution of forest biomass dynamics in the face of more frequent drought risks
Gagarina, Tatiana. "Modèle pseudo-rigide pour la simulation dynamique des mécanismes flexibles." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066607.
Full textClaidière, Nicolas. "Théories darwiniennes de l'évolution culturelle : modèles et mécanismes." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00431055.
Full textGalliano, Anthony. "Adhésion et friction d'élastomères modèles : mécanismes moléculaires interfaciaux." Mulhouse, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MULH0730.
Full textThe ambition of these thesis was to search corrélations between adhesive and tribological behaviors of model elastomers. We try to compare the influence of dissipative effects on friction and adhesive phenomena, we analyze the influence of structural parameters (molecular weight, free chains extraction) and expérimental paraineters (speed, contact time, normal load). The objective is to determine molecular parameters that govem those phenomena. The elastomers used are polydiméthylsiloxane studied after and between free chains extraction. The mechanical, surface, adhesive and tribological properties of crosslinked PDMS are determined at macroscopic and microscopie scales by AFM. So, we proposed interracial molecular mechanisms that govem PDMS behaviors in adhesion and friction
Charentus, Sylvie. "Modélisation et commande d'un robot manipulateur redondant composé de plusieurs plateformes de Stewart." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30119.
Full textCurtelin, Jean-Jacques. "Identification des paramètres du modèle dynamique d'un robot en chaîne complexe : Aspects Méthodologiques et Micro-Informatiques." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0009.
Full textDhondt, Kévin. "Etude des mécanismes de haute pathogénicité des Henipavirus." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSL0954/document.
Full textHenipaviruses are highly pathogenic emerging zoonotic paramyxoviruses. They can infect a broad spectrum of mammals including flying foxes (Pteropus fruit bats), its reservoir, pigs and humans. As there are neither therapeutic drugs nor efficient prophylactic treatment towards these highly lethal viruses, they have to be manipulated in biosafety level-4 laboratories. In the first part of this thesis, we study the role of glyco-amino-glycans on Henipavirus infection and their potential use as treatment. In the second part, we describe the interaction between the host immune system and the pathogen. To investigate these interactions, we took advantage of different transgenic mouse models deficient for some immune pathways. Indeed, although mice possess the viral entry receptor for Henipaviruses, they do not succumbed to intraperitoneal infection. We analyzed the susceptibility to Nipah virus (NiV) infection of mice deleted for different components of innate and adaptive immune systems. Obtained results showed that some of these mice can be used as new models for NiV immunopathogenesis study. This study also suggests that type I interferon system plays a major role in limitation of viral spreading to the brain and that T cells are necessary for full viral clearance. Macrophages act at the crossroad of immunity, between innate and adaptive system. Finally, we deal with the preliminary phases of a project which aims to identify the differences, at a molecular level, of interaction between non-structural viral proteins and innate immunity proteins in mice and human. Such differences could explain the different clinical patterns that are observed in these species. In conclusion, this thesis allowed to identify new animal models and to better characterize host-pathogen interactions, from molecular to whole organism level. However, the precise mecanisms of these interactions remain to be elucidated and would probably help to understand the great diversity of pathogeny of Henipaviruses
Quennouelle, Cyril, and Cyril Quennouelle. "Modélisation géométrico-statique des mécanismes parallèles compliants." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21022.
Full textL'utilisation d'articulations compliantes permet de réduire le jeu mécanique dans les manipulateurs robotiques. Cependant les particularités de leur comportement qui diffère de celui des articulations conventionnelles ne peuvent pas être prises en compte dans les modèles actuels, ce qui a pour effet de diminuer le gain de précision espéré. Dans cette thèse, une modélisation qui respecte à la fois des contraintes géométriques et des contraintes statiques entre les variables articulaires est proposée. Elle permet de décrire avec précision le comportement de ces mécanismes compliants, notamment en pouvant considérer plusieurs degrés de liberté par articulation compliante. Les coordonnées généralisées, qui correspondent à un ensemble minimal de variables articulaires nécessaires pour décrire complètement la configuration du mécanisme, sont utilisées pour calculer la pose de l'effecteur à partir du modèle géométrique. Ces coordonnées ne sont pas directement fixées par l'utilisateur, mais elles s'ajustent de manière à ce que l'équilibre statique du mécanisme soit respecté. Elles sont donc fonction d'un certain nombre de paramètres extérieurs que le modèle géométrico-statique proposé peut prendre en compte: la position des actionneurs, les efforts extérieurs appliqués sur le mécanisme et le poids de ses membrures. Du fait de la complexité de certaines équations de ce modèle géométrico-statique, un modèle quasi-statique a également été développé. Ce dernier donne les relations linéaires qui existent entre les variations des paramètres extérieurs et celles de la configuration du mécanisme. Pour obtenir ces relations, la matrice de raideur des mécanismes parallèles compliants a été calculée de façon générale. La formulation de ce modèle quasi-statique est très simple et repose sur deux nouvelles matrices : la matrice de compliance cartésienne et la matrice jacobienne quasi-statique. Cette dernière matrice intègre les effets des déformations du mécanisme sur son comportement cinématique grà¢ce à une matrice des ratios de transmission du mouvement des actionneurs. Enfin, trois exemples d'applications ont été traités afin de montrer les apports de ces modèles, non seulement leur gain de précision, mais aussi les nouvelles possibilités qu'ils offrent. Désormais les mécanismes parallèles compliants, mais également mécanismes bistables, les mécanismes compliants sous-actionnés et même les mécanismes conventionnels peuvent être modélisés avec les mêmes équations.
The use of compliant joints reduces the mechanical clearance in robotic manipulators. However, the particularities of their behaviour, which differs from that of conventional joints, cannot be taken into account in existing models, which mitigates the expected gain in accuracy. In this thesis, a model satisfying both the kinematic constraints and the static constraints between the joint variables is proposed. It enables to precisely describe the behaviour of a compliant mechanism, notably by allowing the consideration of several degrees of freedom for a single compliant joint. The generalized coordinates, which correspond to a minimal set of joint variables required to completely describe the configuration of the mechanism, are used to calculate the pose of the end-effector in the geometric model. These coordinates are not directly set by the user but adjust themselves such that the static equilibrium of the mechanism is satisfied. Therefore, they are function of some external parameters taken into account in the proposed kinemato-static model: the position of the actuators, the external efforts applied on the mechanism and the weight of its rigid links. Because of the complexity of some equations of this kinemato-static model, a quasi-static model was also developed. The latter gives linear relationships between the variations of the external parameters and the variations of the configuration of the mechanism. To obtain these relationships, the stiffness matrix of compliant parallel mechanisms was derived in a general form. The formulation of this quasi-static model is very simple and uses two new matrices: the Cartesian compliance matrix and the quasi-static Jacobian matrix. The latter matrix integrates the effects of the deformations of the mechanisms in its kinematic behaviour using a matrix of the transmission ratios of the motion of the actuators. Finally, three examples of applications are given in order to illustrate the contributions of these models, not only regarding the gain in precision, but also the novel possibilities they offer. From then on, compliant parallel mechanisms, but also bistable mechanisms, under-actuated compliant mechanisms and even conventional mechanisms can be modeled with the same equations.
The use of compliant joints reduces the mechanical clearance in robotic manipulators. However, the particularities of their behaviour, which differs from that of conventional joints, cannot be taken into account in existing models, which mitigates the expected gain in accuracy. In this thesis, a model satisfying both the kinematic constraints and the static constraints between the joint variables is proposed. It enables to precisely describe the behaviour of a compliant mechanism, notably by allowing the consideration of several degrees of freedom for a single compliant joint. The generalized coordinates, which correspond to a minimal set of joint variables required to completely describe the configuration of the mechanism, are used to calculate the pose of the end-effector in the geometric model. These coordinates are not directly set by the user but adjust themselves such that the static equilibrium of the mechanism is satisfied. Therefore, they are function of some external parameters taken into account in the proposed kinemato-static model: the position of the actuators, the external efforts applied on the mechanism and the weight of its rigid links. Because of the complexity of some equations of this kinemato-static model, a quasi-static model was also developed. The latter gives linear relationships between the variations of the external parameters and the variations of the configuration of the mechanism. To obtain these relationships, the stiffness matrix of compliant parallel mechanisms was derived in a general form. The formulation of this quasi-static model is very simple and uses two new matrices: the Cartesian compliance matrix and the quasi-static Jacobian matrix. The latter matrix integrates the effects of the deformations of the mechanisms in its kinematic behaviour using a matrix of the transmission ratios of the motion of the actuators. Finally, three examples of applications are given in order to illustrate the contributions of these models, not only regarding the gain in precision, but also the novel possibilities they offer. From then on, compliant parallel mechanisms, but also bistable mechanisms, under-actuated compliant mechanisms and even conventional mechanisms can be modeled with the same equations.
Issoufou, Tiado Mahamadou. "Modèles et mécanismes multiniveaux pour les réseaux sans fil." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7445/1/issoufoutiado.pdf.
Full textKieffer, Pascal. "Calcification de la paroi artérielle : modèles, conséquences et mécanismes." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN12011.
Full textArzel, Olivier. "Mécanismes de variabilité climatique interdécennale dans des modèles idéalisés." Brest, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BRES2008.
Full textPerrot, Carine. "Mécanismes de dégradation des membranes polyaromatiques sulfonées en pile à combustible." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00145619.
Full textCette étude porte sur la compréhension des mécanismes mis en jeu lors du vieillissement de membranes alternatives, non fluorées, de type PEEKs et PIs, étape indispensable au développement de structures plus stables. Dans ce cas, le processus est avant tout chimique. Une démarche originale, qui consiste à étudier le mécanisme de dégradation sur des structures modèles, a été adoptée afin de contourner les difficultés analytiques propres aux polymères. Les vieillissements sont réalisés dans l'eau, éventuellement additionnée de H2O2 (identifié comme une des causes du vieillissement chimique des membranes en pile), à différentes températures. La démarche consiste à isoler par chromatographie les différents produits formés, à les identifier (RMN, IR, SM) et à les quantifier. Ceci nous a permis d'établir le mécanisme de vieillissement. Nous avons en particulier montré que le vieillissement d'une structure PEEKs résulte principalement d'une attaque par les bouts de chaîne qui se propage à l'ensemble. Ce mécanisme a été validé sur une membrane vieillie en ex-situ et testée en pile. Ces deux types de vieillissement conduisent à une diminution importante du degré de polymérisation (déterminé par CES) et à la formation des mêmes produits primaires de dégradation. En pile, une dégradation hétérogène est mise en évidence essentiellement côté cathode.
Les PIs sont connus pour leur forte sensibilité à l'hydrolyse. Toutefois, nous avons pu montrer que la dégradation est relativement limitée à 80°C en raison d'une recombinaison des espèces hydrolysées.
Igel, Angélique. "Mécanismes d'inactivation des protéines amyloïdes." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077101.
Full textAmyloides fibers correspond to insoluble protein assemblies associated to the neurodegenerative diseases. By taking into account properties biophysics of these fibers which confer them a very high resistance, and the spectre of their transmissibility, everything lets suggest that medical surgical acts could potentially lead or transmit amyloidoses by the inoculation of nucleation seed. The objective of this work is to estimate mechanisms of inactivation of A ß and prion assemblies, to understand the mechanisms of inactivation of amyloides proteins. At first, we estimated the evolution of the quaternary structure of the assemblies of prion stemming from 3 strains (263K, vCJD and 139A) after decontamination treatments. Ail results demonstrate that the inactivation of prion are strain dependent. This intrinsic property of strain would be due to different structuring of PrP protomers within the assemblies. Finally, similar approaches to those used on the field of prions were used to estimate the résistance of amyloide assemblies stemming from the Alzheimer's disease (peptide A ß). Our preliminary results of synthetic peptide A ß inactivation, show that this peptide, in its fibrillar state, possesses properties conferring it a high strength. To deepenour results in a model of peptide having sudden a maturation of in-vivo withdrawal, we have designed a new cellular model expressing the peptide A640. This new tool is operational recently and seems promising for the study of the properties of the peptide Aß
Mit, Corentin. "Modélisation mécaniste de la dynamique de biomarqueurs chez les poissons téléostéens : lien entre exposition et effetsprécoces." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023AGPT0001.
Full textBiomarkers are useful tools for the diagnosis of environmental risk in aquatic ecosystems. Nevertheless, the measurement of these sub-individual markers still presents some limitations for the assessment of ecosystem health, including the characterisation of the complex dynamics of responses of these non-lethal effects as a function of time or dose, or the extrapolation of responses from one scale of biological organisation to another. One of the solutions that seems promising for characterising the dynamics of these responses from a change of scale perspective would be to integrate the biomarkers into mechanistic models that make it possible to predict these dynamics and explain the mechanisms underlying the effects. This thesis proposes to build mechanistic models of physiologically based toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics (PBTK-TD) to better characterise and understand the response dynamics of biomarkers. In this context, the problem of biomarker dynamics was divided in two. First, the "toxico-kinetic" or TK makes it possible to link the external dose, present in the environment, to the internal dose, present in the organism. Second, the "toxico-dynamic" or TD, makes the link between the internal dose and the effect. Accordingly, the first step in this thesis was to collect a set of TK and TD data in our model species, the three-spined stickleback, on a family of compounds, the bisphenols, and more specifically, BPA, BPS and BPF. These data, collected from short-term exposures (seven days of contamination and seven days of depuration) and long-term exposure (21 days), were used to compare the modulating effects of bisphenols on biomarkers. In particular, markers of innate immunity were strongly impacted by these substances. Differences in kinetics between BPA and BPS were also highlighted. Subsequently, the data collected during the exposures were used to build a physiologically based TK model (PBTK) for BPA, then a PBTK model coupled with TD sub-models (PBTK-TD) describing the dynamics of certain immunomarkers in the stickleback. Finally, a last PBTK-TD model was built to demonstrate the feasibility of this modelling approach for integrating exposure conditions more representative of those in the natural environment, i.e. for a mixture of substances. Taken as a whole, this thesis demonstrates the attractiveness of coupling the experimental approach consisting in measuring biomarkers and modelling
Asehnoune, Karim. "Immunomodulation post-hémorragique : Analyse de mécanismes constitutifs et création d'un modèle expérimental." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA11T013.
Full textDransart, Estelle. "Mécanismes moléculaires des rhoGDIs : le système rhoGDI3/RhoG/TrioGEF comme modèle d'nvestigation." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112108.
Full textRoman, Berdiel Maria-Teresa. "Mécanismes d'intrusion des granites supracrustaux : Modèles analogiques et exemples naturels." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675435.
Full textIonescu, Claudiu Constantin. "Caractérisation des mécanismes d'usure par tribocorrosion d'alliages modèles Ni-Cr." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00782644.
Full textPapegay, Bérengère. "Identification des mécanismes moléculaires de l'hépatoprotection du foie de rat isolé." Thesis, Lille 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL2S015.
Full textThe protective effect of fasting has been observed in several areas of health. To study it, a rat liver model perfused exvivo was used here. In this model, we did not observe, for an 18h fasting, the protective effect reported for the liverin situ. However, we did emphasize the importance of the energy cost of the protective mechanism in the isolatedliver under experimental stress of ischemia/reperfusion and correlated protection with higher glycogen levels and anenergy load that required an exceeding threshold below which protection fades. The administration of energysubstrates (lactate and alanine) allowed us to confirm the energetic need for protection of the isolated liver. Then,increasing the duration of fasting of the donor rat from 18 to 24 hours proved to be hepatoprotective and, moregenerally, showed that the capacity for energy mobilization and, as such, autophagy contributed to hepatoprotection,the well-known energy cost of autophagy being in line with previous PhD work. Three candidate signaling pathwaysfor the activation of autophagy, involving AMPK, HMGB1 and ADP, were studied. Phosphorylation of AMPK wasincreased in fasted rat liver 24 hours vs. 18 hours. However, the addition of AICAR, an activator of AMPK, althoughincreasing its phosphorylation in isolated fasted rat liver 18h, did not induce protection. HMGB1 accumulation knownto induce autophagy, showed no correlation with markers of hepatic cytolysis (LDH) and autophagy (LC3II/Actin ratio).ADP, in its ADP/(AMP+ADP+ATP) and ADP/(AMP+ATP) ratios, was higher in 24-hour fasted rat livers and was correlatedwith hepatoprotection. ADP induced autophagy by activation of the membrane P2Y13 receptor, a specific inhibitor,MRS2211, was used. Its inclusion in the perfusate blunted the hepatoprotection and activation of autophagyassociated with prolonged fasting, validating the key role of this signaling in hepatoprotection.In conclusion, the Ph.D. allowed a substantial advance in the understanding of the role played by the nutritional statusof the donor on the hepatoprotection of the isolated liver. The identification of the molecular mechanisms ofhepatoprotection (energy mobilization, autophagy) and of its signaling (ADP, P2Y13 receptor) opens up innovativetherapeutic perspectives for liver diseases and new strategies for liver graft preservation. From a cell survivalperspective, autophagy ensures both a function of maintaining the quality of cellular components and an energeticrole. This maintenance of quality protects the cell and costs energy, making it indispensable for this type of protection.In other words, the maintenance preserves from deterioration and this protection has a cost that goes throughsignalling (internal funding decision) which, once identified, can now be requested as desired. Also, external financing(contribution of energy substrates) can be chosen or even added to the previous one
Desrochers, Alain. "Modèle conceptuel du dimensionnement et du tolérancement des mécanismes : représentation dans les systèmes CFAO." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ECAP0188.
Full textLeroy, Marie. "Mécanismes de déformation post-rifting des marges passives : Exemple des marges péri-atlantiques et modélisation." Rennes 1, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008495.
Full textBordachar, Pierre. "Resynchronisation biventriculaire : mécanismes d’action, optimisation de la réponse hémodynamique et clinique, nouveaux champs d’application." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21795/document.
Full textCardiac resynchronization therapy is recommanded in patients with severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and wide QRS. Despite positive clinical results, a significant proportion of implanted patients do not demonstrate positive response to the therapy. Coupling experimental data and clinical studies, we have 1) investigated the impact of cardiac resynchronization in patients with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot 2) assessed the hemodynamic impact associated with multisite LV pacing and endocardial LV pacing 3) analyzed the impact of an exercise-optimization of the programmed parameters.We have demonstrated that 1) biventricular pacing is associated with a significant hemodynamic improvement in an animal model of right ventricular dysfunction and in patients with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot 2) multisite LV pacing and endocadial LV pacing are associated with significant hemodynamic improvement in animal models and in humans with severe heart failure 3) optimization during exercise of AV and VV delays induce acute hemodynamic improvement and could be automatically performed by an integrated hemodynimc sensor. Our data suggest a posible improvement in clinical response after cardiac resynchronization and a posible extension of the indications
Pauwels, Jean-François. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation de flammes de prémélange CH3OH-AIR : influence de H2S." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10060.
Full textPareaud, Thomas. "Adaptation en ligne de mécanismes de tolérance aux fautes par une approche à composants ouverts." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00389267.
Full textMalouch, Naceur. "Modélisation et optimisation de mécanismes de services à valeur ajoutée dans Internet." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE4003.
Full textIn this thesis, we study two paradigms that aim to improve the best-effort service provided by the TCP/IP protocols of the Internet network. The thesis is organized in two parts. In the first part, we study differentiated services mechanisms. In particular, we develop models to evaluate the performance of TCP protocol in networks with multiple levels of assurance. We also use the model to investigate the problem of setting the parameters of routers with two drop probability functions. In the second part, we study overlay multicast, a new approach to improve the quality perceived by multicast applications. This approach requires the design of specific algorithms to optimize end-to-end delays and bandwidths. We propose and evaluate analytically and by simulation algorithms for overlay construction adapted to this kind of applications
Lachapelle, Guy 1955. "Les mécanismes de règlement des différends dans l'alena : a la recherche d'un modèle." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=67537.
Full textNoll, Christophe. "Recherche de mécanismes thérapeutiques dans un modèle murin d'hyperhomocystéinémie : approche alimentaire et génétique." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077191.
Full textHyperhomocysteinemia, mild and moderate, is a pathology linked to vitamin deficiency and/or unhealthy lifestyle. Hyperhomocysteinemia is now well recognized as a risk factor for developping cerebrovascular disease or atherosclerosis. Thus, developping new therapeutic approaches in order to decrease plasma homocysteine level is a public health issue. The first part of this work has consisted in studying a chronic supplémentation of polyphénols on hyperhomocysteinemic mice. Polyphenols are a class of natural organic compounds recognized for their antioxidant properties and their bénéficiai effects on vascular physiology. A chronic supplémentation of a red wine polyphenolic extract restores hepatic homocysteine metabolism, and activity of several xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Furthermore, this supplémentation prevents thé development of hepatic fibrosis and induces a decrease expression of gènes involved in endothelial dysfunction in aorta of hyperhomocysteinemic mice. The second part of this work has consisted in studying the hepatic homocysteine metabolism in several murine models of trisomy 21. People with trisomy 21 have a lower plasma homocysteine level and seem to be protected against cardiovascular disease. Our results show the implication of Dyrkia, a serine/thréonine kinase found on the human chromosome 21, onto the hepatic homocysteine metabolism through an increase in hepatic S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) activity, an enzyme which condenses homocysteine and adenosine. Dyrkla induces an increase in NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase hepatic gene expression and activity, an enzyme which the product of the reaction is NAD+, an enzymatic co-factor of SAHH. In conclusion, our results show that by a nutritional approach, we could decrease plasma homocysteine level and prevent some phenotypes associated with hyperhomocysteinemia. Furthermore, a genetic approach could modulate hepatic homocysteine metabolism and would be a first step in developing new therapeutic strategies
Ringuette, Goulet Cassandra. "Mécanismes d'action des immunoglobulines intraveineuses dans un modèle murin de la maladie d'Alzheimer." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25945.
Full textAffecting nearly 36 million people worldwide, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a growing public health concern. AD is characterized by a progressive and irreversible slow deterioration of cognitive functions. The presence of postmortem amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles is a hallmark of the disease. Despite recent advances in research, there is still no effective treatment for this disease. In recent years, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) has shown some therapeutic potential for AD. The present work aims to determine the mechanisms of action by which IVIg exerts its beneficial effects in a mouse model of AD. Overall, my work has identified the inhibition of microglia activation as a possible mechanism of IVIg, allowing a decrease in brain inflammation and an increase in neurogenesis.
Sido, Nana Mariama. "Modélisation et analyse des mécanismes de séparation magnétique : conception d'un modèle de séparateur." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPL036N.
Full textGauthier, Thierry. "Etude des mécanismes d'actions de SuperMApo dans un modèle de sclérose en plaques." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCE010/document.
Full textMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease notably delined bv a default of mechanisms of tissue reparation which are insufficient to establish homeostasis. The active resolution of innammation mediated by macrophage effcrocytosis of apoptotic cells has emerged to propose a new branch of pharmacology named "resolution pharmacology". ln this study. we propose to resolve innammation in a murine model of MS. using the supermatanl issued from the culture between apoptotic cells and macrophages. inducing efferocytosis and the production of pro-resolutive factors (SuperMApo). Here. we demonstrate that injection of SupcrMApo in a model of MS allow the control of the disease correlated with a reduction of the inflammatory inliltrate in the central nervous system. The control of the disease is associated with a reprograrnming of macrophages and pDC, but not cDC, in the spleen, demonstrated by a higher capacity to generate Treg and a lower ability to generate Th 1, and their presence is necessary to the anti-innammatory effect of SupcrMApo. Reprogramming of macrophages and pDC occurs at two main levels. First. an epigenetic control of gene expression induces a modulation of global DNA methylation and a modulation of DNA methylation at the promoter of miRNA implicated in the regulation of immune responses. Secondly, a decreased activation of NFκB activation pathway is observed resulting to a decreased activation of these cells. Thus, this work demonstrates that targeting the resolution of inflammation is an interesting strategy to treat MS
Ketata, Nabil. "Système modèles polyuréthanes bicomposants, mécanismes, cinétiques : études spectroscipiques et dégradation thermique." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10109.
Full textLamazière, Antonin. "Mécanismes d'action de peptides basiques sur des membranes modèles et biologiques." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066233.
Full textGuenoun, Gabriel. "Frittage de pièces de Polytétrafluoroéthylène (PTFE) compacté : Mécanismes physiques et modèles." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN054.
Full textPolytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a semi-crystalline polymer with many outstand- ing properties including excellent thermal resistance, extremely low friction coefficient and high corrosion resistance. These advantages make it suitable for many applications.It is shaped by processes similar to those used for metal powders. In one of them, the PTFE powder is uniaxially compacted into cylindrical parts. The next step is the compacted powder sintering process, in which the parts are heated above the melting temperature of the polymer. During this thermal cycle, the parts undergo large strains caused by the melting and the recrystallization of PTFE. Thermal gradients coupled with these strains induce mechanical incompatibilities that can lead to damage or even failure of the parts.This study provides a more detailed understanding of the physical mechanisms at work dur- ing the sintering of compacted PTFE through microstructural observations and analyses, and thermal and mechanical characterization tests. The relaxation of residual stresses, the closure of porosity and a secondary crystallization mechanism have thus been highlighted and generate macroscopic stress-free strain (called eigenstrain). The mechanical properties of the material as function of temperature have been also determined during sintering. A model has been devel- oped to take into account these observations. It has been integrated into a thermomechanical simulation of the sintering process of a reference part. The model has been validated by com- paring the simulation results with measurements from a laboratory experiments.Finally, a finite element numerical simulation tool has been developed. It is used to determine the stresses and strains as well as the distribution of crystallization rates and thermomechanical properties within a PTFE part compacted during the sintering cycle. In the long term, this tool could make it possible to optimize the industrial process parameters to reduce sintering time, for example, while ensuring that the parts are undamaged and have the required properties
Kaeffer, Nathalie. "Mécanismes impliqués dans la protection endothéliale coronaire après ischémie et reperfusion myocardiques." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUE05NR.
Full textGava, Fabien. "Etude des mécanismes d'agrégation cellulaire tumorale." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30372.
Full textMetastases are responsible for 90% of cancer-related deaths justifying the current cancer research's substantial part dedicated to study their formation's mechanisms. It has been recently demonstrated that clusters (or aggregates) of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) identified in patient's blood samples have a far higher metastatic potential than isolated circulating tumor cells. It also has been shown that their detection is correlated with a poor prognosis for patients suffering from epithelial cancers. These observations open up promising diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives but that still requires further investigation on the mechanisms of clusters formation. In this context our laboratory developed an in vitro semi-automated assay based on video microscopy enabling the study of mechanisms involved in tumor cell anchorage-independent clustering. This assay allowed to demonstrate the involvement of adherent junction protein E-cadherin and desmosomal junction proteins DSG2 and DSC2 during tumor cell clustering. The aim of my work was to investigate epithelial intercellular junction's proteins involvement in tumor cell aggregation in anchorage-independent conditions and to search for new regulators. In the first instance I explored and demonstrated the role of communicating junctions (or gap junctions) and P-cadherin in tumor cell aggregation of breast and colorectal cancer cell lines. In the second part, I developed a strategy based on tumor cell lines classification depending on their characteristics of the aggregation process. With the aim of determining the parameters of this classification, I examined aggregation abilities of 28 tumor cell lines derived from epithelial cancers. This study provides evidence for a high variability during this process and allows defining cell lines categories integrating both aggregation process dynamic aspects and aggregates structure. The combination of this classification with current available expression data could lead to the identification of original new aggregation regulators. Together, these results have underscored new anchorage-independent tumor cell aggregation regulators and a wide range of behaviors of different tumor cell lines observed. Our work provides opportunities into a better understanding of involved mechanisms, towards an application to study circulating tumor cells from patients and also a therapeutic targeting of these clusters
Edouard, Clément. "Vieillissement des batteries Li-ion de traction : des mécanismes vers le vieillissement accéléré." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2221/document.
Full textDue to their high power and energy densities, Li-ion batteries are the leading systems for the new generations of electric vehicles, for which an optimum cell design, management and configuration is essential. Modeling provides tools to perform complex analysis of the performance of Li-ion batteries and reduces the amount of time spent on experimental testing. The aim of our research is to propose a physics-based model that can predict battery behavior and aging under various conditions during the entire lifespan. A simplified electrochemical and thermal model that can predict both physicochemical and aging behaviors of Li-ion batteries has been studied. A sensitivity analysis of all its physical parameters has been performed in order to find out their influence on the model outputs based on simulations under various conditions. The results gave hints on whether a parameter needs particular attention when measured or identified and on the conditions under which it is the most sensitive. A specific simulation profile has been designed for parameters involved in aging equations in order to determine their sensitivity. Finally, a step-wise method has been followed to limit the influence of parameter values when identifying sorne of them. This sensitivity analysis and the subsequent step-wise identification method show very good results, such as a better fitting of the experimental data with simulated cell voltage. Beyond advanced comprehension and prediction, this physical model opens new possibilities to define accelerated aging tests
Favier, Aurélie, and Aurélie Favier. "Mécanisme de prise et rhéologie de liants géopolymères modèles." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00878911.
Full textFavier, Aurélie. "Mécanisme de prise et rhéologie de liants géopolymères modèles." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00878911.
Full textKhanfir, Adel. "Étude des mécanismes de diffusion acoustique d'une cavité et d'un réseau à relief périodique et apériodique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0162/document.
Full textThe purpose of this research project was to develop a theoretical model dealing with reflection of acoustic waves over a grating of N rectangular cavities. Thus, the diffracted acoustic fields were determined by adapting the Kobayashi Potential (KP) method to the case of a cavity. Then, this developed model was generalized to the case of parallel rectangular cavities gratings and then extended to the case of non parallel rectangular cavities ones. A study of the coupling was achieved in order to understand the variation in the acoustic interaction between cavities with spacings and frequency. This model was compared with theoretical results obtained from the finite element method (FEM) and experimental results obtained in a semi-anechoic chamber for a single cavity and gratings of parallel and non-parallel rectangular cavities. The validity of the theoretical model is supported by the agreement between the numerical and experimental results observed
Lutz, Pierre-Eric. "La comorbidité entre dépendance aux opiacés et dépression : mécanismes sérotoninergiques dans un modèle murin." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00856593.
Full textAndré-Frei, Valérie. "Etude des mécanismes de minéralisation de matrices collagéniques dans un modèle de culture tridimensionnel." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10264.
Full textBain, Christine. "Réponse immunitaire antitumorale dans le modèle de l'adénocarcinome du rein : analyse des mécanismes d'immunosuppression." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO1T275.
Full textMaupetit, Mehouas Stéphanie. "La pseudohypoparathyroïdie de type 1b, un modèle d’étude des mécanismes d’empreinte au locus GNAS." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T025.
Full textGNAS is a complex locus submitted to genomic imprinting: the expression of transcripts is restricted to one allele in a parent of origin manner depending of the methylation status of their promoter. A rare disease, pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1b (PHP1b) is characterized by a loss of genomic imprinting, characterized by methylation abnormalities of the locus and leading to abnormal expression of transcrits. The objectives of my work was: i) to characterized the epigenetic defect at the GNAS locus in a cohort of patients affected with PHP1b. Three sub-‐clusters of PHP1b have been identified on the basis of their methylation pattern at the GNAS locus, leading to the hypothesis that distinct molecular mechanisms lead to distinct methylation pattern in PHP1b patients. Ii) to studied molecular mechanisms, which control the methylation at the GNAS locus. We tested the hypotheses that PHP1b could be due at least in some cases, to an epigenetic mosaic. The confirmation of this epigenetic mosaicism is demonstrated by the analysis of the methylation pattern at the GNAS locus in clonal cells obtained from cultured fibroblasts of a patient affected with Spor-‐PHP1b. Furthemore, we hypothesized that a putative global imprint disorder could be involved in some PHP1b patients. We investigate the methylation pattern of 6 imprinted loci in Spor-‐PHP1b patients. In collaboration with Irene Netchine’s team (Inserm UMR-‐S938 Team 4), we found 5 out of 63 PHP1b patients present with an incomplete loss of imprinting at several imprinted loci. A trans acting factor may be responsible of these incomplete losses of imprinting at several imprinted loci
Pater, Jérôme. "Etude cinétique et modélisation de l'alkylation de l'isobutane par les butènes sur catalyseurs solides." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2344.
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