Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modèle linéaire à noyaux'
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Rossi, Vivien. "Filtrage non linéaire par noyaux de convolution : application à un procédé de dépollution biologique." Montpellier, ENSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENSA0013.
Full textRosa, Vargas José Ismäel de la. "Estimation de la densité de probabilité d'une mesure dans un cadre non-linéaire, non-gaussien." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112201.
Full textThe characterization and modeling of an indirect measurement procedure is led by a set of previously observed data. The modeling task is it self a complex procedure which is correlated with the measurement objective. Far from model building and model selection, a theoretical and practical problem persists: What is the correct probability density function (PDF) of a parametric model? Once this PDF is approximated, the next step is to establish a mechanism to propagate this statistical information until the quantity of interest. In fact, such a quantity is a measurement estimate and it is a nonlinear function of the parametric model. The present work proposes some different methods to make statistical inferences about the measurement estimate. We propose a first approach based on bootstrap methods. Such methods are classical in statistical simulation together with Monte Carlo methods, and they require a significative time of calcul. However, the precision over the measurement PDF estimated by these methods is very good. On the other hand, we have verified that the bootstrap methods convergence is faster than the Primitive Monte Carlo's one. Another advantage of bootstrap is its capacity to determine the statistical nature of errors which perturb the measurement system. This is doing thanks to the empirical estimation of the errors PDF. The bootstrap convergence optimization could be achieved by smoothing the residuals or by using a modified iterated bootstrap scheme. More over, we propose to use robust estimation when outliers are present. The second approach is based on other sampling techniques called Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), the statistical inference obtained when using these methods is very interesting, since we can use all a priori information about the measurement system. We can reformulate the problem solution by using the Bayes rule. The Gibbs sampling and the Metropolis-Hastings algorithms were exploited in this work. We overcome to the MCMC convergence optimization problem by using a weighted resampling and coupling from the past (CFTP) schemes, moreover, we adapt such techniques to the measurement PDF approximation. The last proposed approach is based on the use of kernel methods. The main idea is founded on the nonparametric estimation of the errors PDF, since it is supposed unknown. Then, we optimize a criterion function based on the entropy of the errors' PDF, thus we obtain a minimum entropy estimator (MEE). The simulation of this estimation process by means of Monte Carlo, MCMC, or weighted bootstrap could led to us to construct a statistical approximation of the measurement population. .
Ozier-Lafontaine, Anthony. "Kernel-based testing and their application to single-cell data." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDN0025.
Full textSingle-cell technologies generate data at the single-cell level. They are coumposed of hundreds to thousands of observations (i.e. cells) and tens of thousands of variables (i.e. genes). New methodological challenges arose to fully exploit the potentialities of these complex data. A major statistical challenge is to distinguish biological informationfrom technical noise in order to compare conditions or tissues. This thesis explores the application of kernel testing on single-cell datasets in order to detect and describe the potential differences between compared conditions.To overcome the limitations of existing kernel two-sample tests, we propose a kernel test inspired from the Hotelling-Lawley test that can apply to any experimental design. We implemented these tests in a R and Python package called ktest that is their first useroriented implementation. We demonstrate the performances of kernel testing on simulateddatasets and on various experimental singlecell datasets. The geometrical interpretations of these methods allows to identify the observations leading a detected difference. Finally, we propose a Nyström-based efficient implementationof these kernel tests as well as a range of diagnostic and interpretation tools
Rossignon, Corentin. "Un modèle de programmation à grain fin pour la parallélisation de solveurs linéaires creux." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0094/document.
Full textSolving large sparse linear system is an essential part of numerical simulations. These resolve can takeup to 80% of the total of the simulation time.An efficient parallelization of sparse linear kernels leads to better performances. In distributed memory,parallelization of these kernels is often done by changing the numerical scheme. Contrariwise, in sharedmemory, a more efficient parallelism can be used. It’s necessary to use two levels of parallelism, a first onebetween nodes of a cluster and a second inside a node.When using iterative methods in shared memory, task-based programming enables the possibility tonaturally describe the parallelism by using as granularity one line of the matrix for one task. Unfortunately,this granularity is too fine and doesn’t allow to obtain good performance.In this thesis, we study the granularity problem of the task-based parallelization. We offer to increasegrain size of computational tasks by creating aggregates of tasks which will become tasks themself. Thenew coarser task graph is composed by the set of these aggregates and the new dependencies betweenaggregates. Then a task scheduler schedules this new graph to obtain better performance. We use as examplethe Incomplete LU factorization of a sparse matrix and we show some improvements made by this method.Then, we focus on NUMA architecture computer. When we use a memory bandwidth limited algorithm onthis architecture, it is interesting to reduce NUMA effects. We show how to take into account these effects ina task-based runtime in order to improve performance of a parallel program
Saumard, Mathieu. "Contribution à l'analyse statistique des données fontionnelles." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAR0009/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested in the functional data. The problem of estimation in a model of estimating equations is studying. We derive a central limit type theorem for the considered estimator. The optimal instruments are estimated, and we obtain a uniform convergence of the estimators. We are then interested in various testing with functional data. We study the problem of nonparametric testing for the effect of a random functional covariate on an error term which could be directly observed as a response or estimated from a functional model like for instance the functional linear model. We proved, in order to construct the tests, a result of dimension reduction which relies on projections of the functional covariate. We have constructed no-effect tests by using a kernel smoothing or a nearest neighbor smoothing. A goodness-of-fit test in the functional linear model is also proposed. All these tests are studied from a theoretical and practical perspective
Saad, Mohamad. "Méthodes statistiques et stratégies d'études d'association de phénotypes complexes : études pan-génomiques de la maladie de Parkinson." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1657/.
Full textMy thesis has focused on statistical methods and strategies to study the genetic components of complex human traits and especially of Parkinson's Disease (PD). My work was developed mainly in two contexts of genome wide association studies (GWAS): the detection of common variants and the detection of rare variants. GWAS is an optimal approach in which we have to control for the type I error and the type II error rates. Indeed, a large number of tests are performed. In addition, we must control for potential population stratification problems. Despite the large sample sizes in recent GWASs based on the single-marker test, they may have individually low power to detect common variants with small effects. The use of the multi-marker test may optimize the coverage of genetic variability and thus increase the power of GWAS. I have focused on the study of these tests, especially the "SNP-Set" test based on kernel machine regression and the haplotypic test. I studied the theoretical aspects of these tests and I evaluated the statistical properties in our empirical data for PD. In addition, in our analyses for PD, I developed imputation and meta-analysis techniques to increase the coverage of the genetic variability and the sample size. Association analysis for rare variants faces several challenges. The single marker test is not powerful to detect such variants and the cost of whole-genome sequence analyses for complex traits is still prohibitive. Our design is a cost-effective alternative which is based on the joint use of public sequence data and GWAS data. Several new tests have been proposed but, to date, their statistical properties are still unclear. On the genome-wide level, the type I error and the type II error rates may depend on several factors as gene length, allelic heterogeneity in the gene, LD between SNPs, overlap between genes and the correlation between the common variants and the trait. I evaluated the statistical properties of several methods in simulated data and also in our GWAS PD data. We show that several methods, based on the linear mixed model, are mathematically equivalent and some are special cases of others. In conclusion, we developed strategies and analytical methods which combine complementary approaches (Common Disease-Common Variant versus Common Disease-Rare Variant) to optimize the characterization of the genetic components of PD in particular and of complex traits in general
Le, Thi Xuan Mai. "Estimation semi-paramétrique et application à l’évaluation de la biomasse d'anchois." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAT0006/document.
Full textThe motivation of this study is to evaluate the anchovy biomass, that is estimate the egg densities at the spawning time and the mortality rate. The data are the anchovy egg densities that are the egg weights by area unit, collected in the Gascogne bay. The problem we are faced is to estimate from these data the egg densities at the spawning time. Until now, this is done by using the classical exponential mortality model. However, such model is inadequate for the data under consideration because of the great spatial variability of the egg densities at the spawning time. They are samples of generated by a r.v whose mathematical expectation is a0 and the probability density function is fA. Therefore, we propose an extended exponential mortality model Y (tj,kj) = A (tj,kj) e-z0tj +e(tj,kj) where A(tj,kj) and e(tj,kj) are i.i.d, with the random variables A and e being assumed to be independent. Then the problem consists in estimating the mortality rate and the probability density of the random variable . We solve this semiparametric estimation problem in two steps. First, we estimate the mortality rate by fitting an exponential mortality model to averaged data. Second, we estimate the density fA by combining nonparametric estimation method with deconvolution technique and estimate the parameter z0. Theoretical results of consistence of these estimates are corroborated by simulation studies
Isoard, Alexandre. "Extending Polyhedral Techniques towards Parallel Specifications and Approximations." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN011/document.
Full textPolyhedral techniques enable the application of analysis and code transformations on multi-dimensional structures such as nested loops and arrays. They are usually restricted to sequential programs whose control is both affine and static. This thesis extend them to programs involving for example non-analyzable conditions or expressing parallelism. The first result is the extension of the analysis of live-ranges and memory conflicts, for scalar and arrays, to programs with parallel or approximated specification. In previous work on memory allocation for which this analysis is required, the concept of time provides a total order over the instructions and the existence of this order is an implicit requirement. We showed that it is possible to carry out such analysis on any partial order which match the parallelism of the studied program. The second result is to extend memory folding techniques, based on Euclidean lattices, to automatically find an appropriate basis from the set of memory conflicts. This set is often non convex, case that was inadequately handled by the previous methods. The last result applies both previous analyzes to "pipelined" blocking methods, especially in case of parametric block size. This situation gives rise to non-affine control but can be processed accurately by the choice of suitable approximations. This paves the way for efficient kernel offloading to accelerators such as GPUs, FPGAs or other dedicated circuit
Raoux, Jean-Jacques. "Modélisation non-linéaire des composants électroniques : du modèle analytique au modèle tabulaire paramétrique." Limoges, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIMO0006.
Full textLe, Treust Loïc. "Méthodes variationnelles et topologiques pour l'étude de modèles non liénaires issus de la mécanique relativiste." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00908953.
Full textBorejsza, Karol. "Etude du modèle de Hubbard bidimensionnel dans l'approche du modèle sigma non linéaire effectif." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112288.
Full textWe study magnetic and one-particle properties of the 2d hubbard model within the framework of a non-linear sigma model (nlsm) description of spin fluctuations the theory rests upon the assumption of local antiferromagnetic (af) ordering. It is valid at all coulom interaction strengths, below a cross-over temperature marking the onset of af short-range order. At half-filling, we derive the magnetic phase diagram and compute the fermion spectral function. At zero temperature, long-range af order is shown to be present for all values of the coulomb repulsion. The ground-state exhibits a smooth transition from a slater-like behavior at weak coupling, to a mott-heisenberg-like behavior at strong coupling. At finite temperatures the af order is suppressed, in agreement with the mermin-wagner theorem, but the af correlation length remains exponentially large with respect to the lattice spacing, we develop a new technique for calculating the spectral function and the density of states, which takes into account the highly non-gaussian nature of magnetic fluctuations. We establish the existence of a transition between a weak-coupling regime exhibiting a pseudogap at finite temperatures, and a strong-coupling regime where one-particle excitations are gapped. The properties of bogoliubov quasi particles at zero temperature and of their precursors at finite temperatures are analyzed. Away from half filling, a new method for deriving the low-energy effective action is proposed. The effective model involves low-energy bogoliubov quasi particles coupled to a nlsm. The low-energy action is critically compared to known phenomenological nlsm-fermion theories
Dauxois, Thierry. "Dynamique non linéaire et mécanique statistique d'un modèle d'ADN." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOS003.
Full textBruneau, Laurent. "Modèle hamiltonien pour le frottement linéaire en milieu homogène." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-363.pdf.
Full textXiang, Yan. "Un modèle de plaque en élasticité linéaire et non linéaire : convergence du développement asymptotique de la plaque élastique non linéaire." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066519.
Full textChokri, Khalid. "Contributions à l'inférence statistique dans les modèles de régression partiellement linéaires additifs." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066439/document.
Full textParametric regression models provide powerful tools for analyzing practical data when the models are correctly specified, but may suffer from large modelling biases when structures of the models are misspecified. As an alternative, nonparametric smoothing methods eases the concerns on modelling biases. However, nonparametric models are hampered by the so-called curse of dimensionality in multivariate settings. One of the methods for attenuating this difficulty is to model covariate effects via a partially linear structure, a combination of linear and nonlinear parts. To reduce the dimension impact in the estimation of the nonlinear part of the partially linear regression model, we introduce an additive structure of this part which induces, finally, a partially linear additive model. Our aim in this work is to establish some limit results pertaining to various parameters of the model (consistency, rate of convergence, asymptotic normality and iterated logarithm law) and to construct some hypotheses testing procedures related to the model structure, as the additivity of the nonlinear part, and to its parameters
Chehade, Habib. "Modélisation des composants microélectroniques non linéaires par séries de Volterra à noyaux dynamiques, pour la CAO des circuits RF et micro-ondes." Limoges, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LIMO0041.
Full textViolette, Rémi. "Modèle linéaire des vibrations induites par vortex de structures élancées." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005094.
Full textRego, Rui. "Sur un modèle non linéaire d'interaction entre flamme et acoustique." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2304.
Full textPremixed flames may be considered as thin active interfaces, a point of view that we adopt here. Whereas accurate asymptotic expansions methods exist to obtain first-order-in-time Evolution Equations, whenever flow-field accelerations intervene those methods fail to provide an unambiguous answer. Still, suitable designed Evolution Equations that are able to handle with flow accelerations are tailored, based on phenomenological grounds, symmetry arguments, and consistency with known limiting cases. Those describe flame dynamics by a second-order-in-time Evolution Equation, with a geometrical non-linearity stemming from normal (Huygens) propagation, the density change, the overall geometry, and the inertia-induced gravitational forcing, provided that Galilean invariance is fulfilled. This flame EE model is numerically coupled with its self-induced acceleration field, where linear acoustics is shown to prevail on transverse average. The flame-shape evolution is handled via a Fourier pseudo-spectral method, which is checked against flame responses to prescribed accelerations successfully, even in the nonlinear regime. This nonlinear, global, system model is solved for flames in tubes as an example. Follow-on studies are also envisaged
MICHEL, Nicolas. "Description des noyaux faiblement liés par le modèle en couches avec couplage au continuum." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002338.
Full textPour cela, on a développé le modèle en couches avec couplage au continuum, qui permet de prendre en compte à la fois les corrélations entre nucléons et l'influence du continuum. Ce modèle a été utilisé dans ce travail pour l'étude des spectres des noyaux 17 F et 17 O. Aussi, on peut calculer des sections efficaces de capture radiative et de diffusion élastique, qu'on a appliqué aux réactions 16 O (p,p) 16 O et 16 O (p,gamma) 17 F. Cette dernière réaction a un intérêt astrophysique car elle joue un rôle important dans la formation des éléments légers dans les étoiles. On a de plus calculé les transitions bêta premières interdites des réactions 17 Ne -> 17 F et 17 N -> 17 O. Le formalisme étudié permet en effet de considérer avec le même hamiltonien les différentes observables de structure et de réaction.
Aussi, et c'est une première, on a introduit un nouveau modèle susceptible de donner de nouvelles informations sur les noyaux peu liés ou résonnants, le modèle en couches avec états de Gamow. Ce modèle est une généralisation du modèle en couche standard, car sa base est constituée d'états liés, résonnants et de diffusion. De plus, l'émission de plusieurs particules corrélés peut se faire, contrai- rement au modèle en couches avec couplage au continuum. On a étudié avec ce modèle les spectres des noyaux issus des chaînes d'isotopes d'oxygène de 17 O à 22 O et d'hélium de 5 He à 9 He, où le continuum a un rôle respectivement non négligeable et crucial. Aussi, on a considéré les transitions électromagnétiques et les densités de particules de valence de ces isotopes pour ces mêmes chaînes. On a pu montrer que ce modèle est utilisable d'un point de vue pratique, ce qui est intéressant car il possède la généralité du modèle en couches et n'a aucune restriction du nombre de particules dans le continuum.
Michel, Nicolas. "Description des noyaux faiblement liés par le modèle en couches avec couplage au continuum." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2047.
Full textDenoual, Franck. "Développement d'une plate-forme logicielle orientée objet pour la décompression et l'édition vidéo sur noyau temps-réel." Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN10107.
Full textLyazrhi, Faouzi. "Procédures optimales de détection de ruptures dans un modèle linéaire gaussien." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30076.
Full textSeck, Ousmane. "Sur un modèle de diffusion non linéaire en dynamique des populations." Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN10162.
Full textNasser, Alissar. "Contribution à la classification non supervisée par machines à noyaux." Littoral, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DUNK0182.
Full textUnsupervised classification has emerged as a popular technique for pattern recognition, image processing, and data mining. This is due to the development of advanced data measurements tools and data storage devices resulting in a huge quantity of data. This makes it necessary to analyze these data in order to extract some useful information. Unsupervised classification is one of the well-studied techniques, which concerns the partitioning of similar objects into clusters without any prior knowledge, such that objects in the same cluster share some unique properties. Two main categories of methods exist : (1) clustering methods in the multidimensional space and (2) projection methods for exploratory data analysis. The first category seeks zones/groups of high densities whereas the second category provides an accurate image on the plane of the multidimensional data. One of convenient lethods is by combining these two categories together in a way that involves a human operator into the process of structure analysis. Recently, Kernel machines gained a success in unsupervised classification. Instead, of projecting or classifying data directly in their input space, one transforms it into a high dimensional space called feature space and then applies any traditional projection technique such as Principal Components Analysis (PCA) or any clustering method such as K-means algorithm. The logic behind kernel is to enhance those features of the input data which make distinct pattern classes separate from each other. The present thesis shows the contribution of kernel machines in unsupervised classification, particularly in projection and classification methods. It first presents traditional projection methods and then present kernel Principal Components Analysis (kPCA). Spectral classification and kernel K-means clustering algortihm. The problems of adjusting kernel parameters and estimating the number of classes are studied. More over samples on synthetic and real data are executed ; results from various presented methods are compared. These clustering approaches are finally applied for the assistance to the detection of audio events in public transport
Bennaceur, Karim. "Théorie microscopique des noyaux exotiques légers. Modèles en couches avec couplage au continuum." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00817911.
Full textEssoloh, Mehdi. "Méthodes d'apprentissage à noyau pour l'estimation distribuée dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Troyes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2009TROY0022.
Full textThis thesis proposes a new frame for estimation problems in wireless sensor networks thanks to learning methods built on reproducing kernels. In a first part, our work deals with the sensor network localization problem thanks to reproducing kernel Hilbert space formalism. While respecting energy constraints and limitations in computation capabilities, coordinate estimation is executed thanks to range measurements between sensors and a priori known locations of some small fraction of deployed sensors. By considering these dissimilarities as elements of a Gram matrix, we investigate two distributed approaches: one is related to the pre-image problem, widely used in denoising applications, the other one is based on a kernel matrix regression approach, recently introduced in bio-engineering. In a second part, we propose a distributed learning strategy for temperature field estimation in wireless sensor networks. We note that sparse approximation, enabling an efficient control of the order model, holds with algorithmic constraints of wireless sensor networks. Our work is based on non-linear adaptive filtering techniques with kernels and we demonstrate its relevant use for distributed regression problem in wireless sensor networks
Dutin, Frédéric. "Spectroscopie linéaire et non-linéaire de polymères conducteurs dans le domaine térahertz." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0022.
Full textThis thesis project aims to study transport mechanisms in conducting polymers PEDOT/PSS and PEDOT/PSTFSIK in the terahertz (THz) domain. These two polymers come from LCPO laboratory.First of all, we studied intrinsics properties of these materials in the THz domain with a THz-TDS experiment. This drove us to show that their transmission is quasi-constant in the THz domain and that the intrinsic conductivity is larger for PEDOT/PSS than PEDOT/PSTFSIK. This last result has been obtained by using two differents fitting models of conduction. The first model, so-called Drude-Smith model, extend the Drude model by adding a trap parameter. It also possess only few fitting parameters. The second one, the Dyre model, take into account of the grain structure of polymers. Nevertheless, it has several fitting parameters. We obtained a direct current conductivity of polymers that is in excellent agreement with LCPO measurements.Among these, we caracterized the behavior of PEDOT/PSS and PEDOT/PSTFSIK under a femtosecond pulse centered in the bipolaronic band. We also have the THz pulse. By using Drude-Smith and Dyre models, we were able to study the change of conductivity induced by the femtosecond pulse in the THz domain. In this case, we supposed that fitting parameters have to be a function of the delay between the femtosecond pulse and the THz pulse.Finally, by studying PEDOT/PSS and PEDOT/PSTFSIK responses for differents pump intensity in a full optic experiment, where we pumped on the bipolaronic band and probed on the polaronic band, we were be able to give a possible scenario for the impact of the optical pump in these materials
Nguyen, Tien Minh. "Dynamique non linéaire des systèmes mécaniques couplés: réduction de modèle et identification." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002994.
Full textBinard, Michel. "Développement d'un modèle numérique dynamique non-linéaire de transformateur triphase de puissance." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213276.
Full textRohart, Florian. "Prédiction phénotypique et sélection de variables en grande dimension dans les modèles linéaires et linéaires mixtes." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAT0027/document.
Full textRecent technologies have provided scientists with genomics and post-genomics high-dimensional data; there are always more variables that are measured than the number of individuals. These high dimensional datasets usually need additional assumptions in order to be analyzed, such as a sparsity condition which means that only a small subset of the variables are supposed to be relevant. In this high-dimensional context we worked on a real dataset which comes from the pig species and high-throughput biotechnologies. Metabolomic data has been measured with NMR spectroscopy and phenotypic data has been mainly obtained post-mortem. There are two objectives. On one hand, we aim at obtaining good prediction for the production phenotypes and on the other hand we want to pinpoint metabolomic data that explain the phenotype under study. Thanks to the Lasso method applied in a linear model, we show that metabolomic data has a real prediction power for some important phenotypes for livestock production, such as a lean meat percentage and the daily food consumption. The second objective is a problem of variable selection. Classic statistical tools such as the Lasso method or the FDR procedure are investigated and new powerful methods are developed. We propose a variable selection method based on multiple hypotheses testing. This procedure is designed to perform in linear models and non asymptotic results are given under a condition on the signal. Since supplemental data are available on the real dataset such as the batch or the family relationships between the animals, linear mixed models are considered. A new algorithm for fixed effects selection is developed, and this algorithm turned out to be faster than the usual ones. Thanks to its structure, it can be combined with any variable selection methods built for linear models. However, the convergence property of this algorithm depends on the method that is used. The multiple hypotheses testing procedure shows good empirical results. All the mentioned methods are applied to the real data and biological relationships are emphasized
Azem, Leila. "Analyse des liens entre un modèle d'endommagement et un modèle de fracture." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX006/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the derivation of fracture models as limit damage models.The study is justified mainly through numerical simulations.We are interested in studying a damage model initiated by Allaire, Jouve and Vangoethem.We are making significant improvements to this model justifying the physical consistency of the approach.First, we add a constraint on the minimum thickness of the damaged area and then we add a condition of strong irreversibility.We see also a fracture model with jump penalization obtained as an asymptotic limit of a damage model.We justify this model by a one-dimensional formal asymptotic numerical study.Then, the generalization in the case 2D is illustrated by numerical examples
Vazquez, Emmanuel. "Modélisation comportementale de systèmes non-linéaires multivariables par méthodes à noyaux et applications." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010199.
Full textBrassard, Houde Geneviève. "Détection et classification de différents types d'observations dans un modèle de régression linéaire." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4769.
Full textLoingeville, Florence. "Modèle linéaire généralisé hiérarchique Gamma-Poisson pour le contrôle de qualité en microbiologie." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10005/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we propose an analysis of variance method for discrete data from quality control in microbiology. To identify the issues of this work, we start by studying the analysis of variance method currently used in microbiology, its benefits, drawbacks, and limits. We propose a first model to respond the problem, corresponding to a linear model with two nested fixed factors. We use the analyse of deviance method to develop significance tests, that proved to be efficient on data sets of proficiency testings in microbiology. We then introduce a new model involving random factors. The randomness of the factors allow to assess and to caracterize the overdispersion observed in results of counts from proficiency testings in microbiology, that is one of the main objectives of this work. The new model corresponds to a Gamma-Poisson Hierarchical Generalized Linear Model with three random factors. We propose a method based on this model to estimate dispersion parameters, fixed, and random effects. We show practical applications of this method to data sets of proficiency testings in microbiology, that prove the goodness of fit of the model to real data. We also develop significance tests of the random factors from this new model, and a new method to assess the performance of the laboratories taking part in a proficiency testing. We finally introduce a near-exact distribution for the product of independent generalized Gamma random variables, in order to characterize the intensity of the Poisson distribution of the model. This approximation, developped from a factorization of the characteristic function, is very precise and can be used to detect outliers
Peton, Nicolas. "Étude et simulation d'un modèle stratigraphique advecto-diffusif non-linéaire avec frontières mobiles." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC058/document.
Full textAn essential prerequisite to finding hydrocarbons is to trace back the history of a basin. To this end, geologists resort to a stratigraphic model, which simulates the evolution of sedimentary basins over large time scales (million years) and space (hundreds of kilometers). The Dionisos software, developed by IFPEN since 1992 and highly praised by oil companies, makes this type of calculation possible by accounting for two main physical processes: (1) the sediment transport due to gravity; (2) the flow of water from rivers and rains. The gravity transport is described by a diffusion equation in which the sediment flow depends on the slope of the ground. Initially, this dependence is linear. To better match experimental observations, we wish to make it nonlinear by means of a p-Laplacian. This upgrade requires to design a dedicated numerical method which should not only run fast but also provide guarantees of robustness and accuracy. In addition, it must be compatible with a constraint on the erosion rate in the present model. The water flow due to rivers and rains is also a recent enhancement brought to the physical model of Dionisos. This is achieved by introducing a new partial differential equation, coupled with that of sediment transport. Again, it is capital to work out an innovative numerical strategy, in the sense that it must be both efficient and well suited to the strong coupling of these two phenomena. The objective of this thesis is to rejuvenate the numerical schemes that lie at the heart of Dionisos in order to deal more adequately with the physical processes above. In particular, we look for an implicit scheme with respect to all the unknowns that extends and improves the current scheme. The methodologies investigated in this work will serve as a basis for the next generation of stratigraphic modelling softwares
Azzabou, Noura. "Restauration des images naturelles et préservation de la texture à l'aide de noyaux de taille normale." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004041.
Full textTaton, Benjamin. "Modèle déformable à densité adaptative : application à la segmentation d'images." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12872.
Full textGodet, Fanny. "Prévision linéaire des processus à longue mémoire." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00349384.
Full textDupont, Etienne. "Population et structure des noyaux ²¹⁰Po et ²¹²Po produits par réactions de transfert." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS429.
Full textSeveral light nuclei, as ¹⁸O, display a ”core+ α” structure. ²¹²Po is the only heavy one where this phenomenon has been highlighted. In this thesis, we combined the measurement of the excitation energy of levels populated via transfer reaction from a ¹² C nucleus on a ²⁰⁸Pb nucleus, and the measurement of the γ decaying of these levels. A first experiment has been performed in inverse kinematic, using the AGATA Germanium array and a thick silicon detector. A second experiment, in direct kinematic has been done at Tokai’s Tandem using a telescope of silicon detectors, 4 HPGe and 4 LaBr₃ crystals. We describe the principle of these detectors, the datareduction up to the kinematical reconstruction, and the simulations used to build the experimental set-up and to validate the data analysis. We have studied 1p, 2p, 2p 1n and α transfer reactions leading to ²⁰⁹Bi, ²¹⁰Po, ²¹¹Po and ²¹²Po at energies around the Coulomb barrier.From the comparison of these reactions channels, we firmly established that the 4 nucleons are transfered simultaneously to produce ²¹²Po. Evolution of the excitation energy with the beam energy has shown that the 212Po states including a strong ”core + α” component lie much preferentially at high excitation energy (E∗ ≥ 3 MeV).Seven new energy levels of ²¹² Po have been discovered, for which spin and parity attributions are proposed. We also measured the partial cross-sections to several levels to characterize their cluster components. We confirmed the large ”core + α” components of the 4⁻₃ and 7⁺₂ and 7+2 states, and the weak ”core + α” components of the 2⁺₁ and 2⁺₂ states.Five new levels of ²¹⁰Po have been discovered. Shell model calculations allowed us to frimly assign spins and parities
Harbour, Louis. "Multi-skyrmions quasi-BPS et noyaux atomiques : énergie de Coulomb et configurations pleines." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29536/29536.pdf.
Full textPiet-Lahanier, Hélène. "Estimation de paramètres pour des modèles à erreur bornée." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112203.
Full textM'Garrech, Slah. "Utilisation de faisceaux d'électrons pour la production des noyaux radioactifs par photo-fission." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007094.
Full textBadji, Boualem. "Caractérisation du comportement non linéaire en dynamique du véhicule." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00606485.
Full textBettencourt, Maria Joaquina de. "Bandes rotationnelles dans les noyaux impairs ²³³U et ²³⁵U." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112160.
Full textThe nuclear structure of the well deformed uranium nuclei of mass 233 and 235 has been studied experimentally up to high-spin states and compared with rotor-plus-quasiparticle-model predictions where the individual wave-functions are obtained through a HF + BCS calculation using a Skyrme III nucleon-nucleon interaction. The heavy-ion coulomb excitation experiments and the radioactive decay study of ²³³Pa have allowed to characterize eleven bands in ²³³U, four of which are newly evidenced, and also eleven bands, of which one new, in ²³⁵U. In this last case, the ground-state band was developed up to spin 47/2, and the other bands were extended up to spins between 19/2 and 25/2. The main interband connexions have been determined showing evidence for most of the Coriolis mixings and for vibrational modes. The behaviour of the rotational bands (band-head energy and moment of inertia) have been compared to the one of rotational bands of near-lying odd isotopes and isotones. A very good agreement shows up between theoretical and experimental values, more precisely as concerning the band-head energies, the ground-state magnetic and electric multipole moments, the transition probabilities and the behaviour of the rotational band moments of inertia as function of the spin. These facts show the reliability of the individual wavefunctions used
Rossi, Vivien. "Filtrage non linéaire par convolution de particule. Application à un procédé de dépollution biologique." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale superieure agronomique de montpellier - AGRO M, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008459.
Full textUne approche originale utilisant les noyaux de convolution et des simulations d'un grand nombre de variables aléatoires est développée. Le cas des modèles contenant des paramètres inconnus à estimer est aussi traité. Des propriétés théoriques de convergence sont établies pour ces nouvelles approches.
Afin de compléter l'étude de nos techniques, des comparaisons avec les méthodes traditionnelles, notamment avec les différents filtres particulaires, sont réalisées en simulation.
Puis nos nouvelles approches sont appliquées sur un problème réel, un bioréacteur de retraitement d'eaux usées. Les performances obtenues, sur données réelles, permettent d'apprécier la robustesse de la méthode par rapport aux erreurs de modèles et aux données de mauvaises qualités.
Slama, Tahar. "Contribution à la commande prédictive basée sur un modèle pour les systèmes de télé-opération bilatérale." Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE2059.
Full textMahamoud, Ayan. "Observation et diagnostic de processus industriels à modèle non linéaire : application aux machines électriques." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00676588.
Full textMissoffe, Alexia. "Réduction d'ordre de modèle d'un phénomène d'amortissement non-linéaire dans le cadre des microsystèmes." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00552076.
Full textAllard, Catherine. "Le modèle linéaire à effets mixtes pour analyser des données génétiques provenant de familles." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6753.
Full textMahamoud, Mohamed Aya. "Observation et diagnostic de processus industriels à modèle non linéaire : applications aux machines électriques." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00676588.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the definition of a robust strategy for the diagnosis of industrial processes with nonlinear model. The defined strategy is basedon the use of nonlinear observers not only for diagnosis but also for control of these systems. The aim is threefold. The synthesized observer willreconstruct the state variables, will be sensitive to faults for diagnosis purpose while being robust to disturbances and parametric uncertainties for control purpose. Two observers were studied for this matter. The first observer is a Kalman-like observer. This observer has been applied to detect multiplicative faults for a DC motor series. The stability of the observer for the control and the diagnosis has been proven for two cases of parameters faults. The second observer is a High Gain observer. It hasbeen applied to stator short-circuits fault diagnosis for induction machines. The High Gain observer is used for the diagnosis of induction machine, with and without mechanical sensor. The performance of fault detection algorithms for induction motor has been evaluated on a specific benchmark “Observer for the Diagnosis” defined by the working group Inter GDR CE2. This benchmark is located at IRCCyN