Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modèle en deux étapes'
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Canon, Eric. "Etude mathématique de deux modèles de colonne à distiller : modèle discret à étages théoriques, modèle continu hyperbolique." Saint-Etienne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STET4004.
Full textChabaane, Amna. "Étapes précoces de la lymphopoïèse humaine." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLP027.
Full textHuman lymphopoiesis remains poorly characterized compared to its murine counterpart. This is due to the lack of adequate experimental models and difficulties in accessing primary bone marrow samples. Thanks to the fine characterization of the populations of lymphoid progenitors and precursors in the bone marrow of transplanted mice, we have recently demonstrated that human lymphopoiesis proceeds along independent CD127- or CD127+ pathways that generate both common and specific lymphoid subsets. In this report, we developed a novel ex vivo diversification assay to analyze their developmental relationships and investigate the mechanisms driving the emergence of the CD127- or CD127+ early lymphoid progenitors (ELPs) from their common lympho-mono-dendritic (LMDP) ancestors. Time-course analyses show that CD127- or CD127+ ELPs emerge sequentially from “early” versus “late” LMDPs. Functional screening of a series of 30 receptor/ligand pairs show in addition that the CD127- or CD127+ ELPs are subjected to a differential regulation. Whereas Flt3L, IL-27 and Notch1 signaling impose a veto on CD127+ ELP emergence and polarize lymphoid differentiation toward exclusive CD127- pathway, the emergence of the CD127+ ELPs is instead favored by limiting cytokine conditions and low cell expansion rates. These new findings indicate that CD127- and CD127+ ELPs are subjected to distinct cell-extrinsic versus cell-intrinsic regulatory mechanisms thereby reinforcing the previously proposed dichotomous architecture of human lymphopoiesis. In as much as they also argue for multi-layered regulation of lympho-myeloid differentiation, our new results challenge the emerging continuous model of hematopoiesis
Millet, Jean-Baptiste. "Modélisation réduite de la combustion homogène Diesel : développement d'un modèle zéro-dimensionnel de combustion HCCI avec cinétique chimique réduite." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066500.
Full textZhao, Zhejin. "Three essays on housing markets and housing policies." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSES033/document.
Full textThis thesis contains three empirical essays on housing markets and housing policies. In the first essay, we investigate the effects of rent control on rents using historical panel data in Lyon over a 78-year period. We use multiple regressions with fixed effects as the main form of analysis. Our results show that the causal effect of rent control on rents in Lyon is significantly negative. In the second essay, I study how age influences housing demand based on household level data from China. The two-stage hedonic house price model used in this essay allows me to estimate the pure age effect on housing demand, after housing quality and other household’s characteristics are controlled for. The results demonstrate that the willingness-to-pay for a constant-quality house will decrease slightly or keep constant when a representative household head becomes old, if the household head’s educational attainment is controlled for. In contrast, it will drop rapidly if the household head’s educational attainment is not controlled for. Therefore, this essay concludes that the total housing demand will not decrease with population aging, because the current middle- aged generation get educated more than the current old generation. Finally, in the third essay, in the framework of Rosen-Roback model, I analyze how housing costs affect the ratio of high-skilled to low-skilled workers, explicitly the skill intensity ratio (SIR), across cities in China. To avoid endogeneity issues, I use both share of unavailable land and historical housing prices as instruments of current housing prices. The results show that average housing prices have significant positive effects on the SIR in 2010 when workers’ mobility is relaxed, but insignificant effects on the SIR in 2000 when workers’ mobility was tightly regulated
Cadot, Christine. "Les deux Atlantiques : Europe-Amérique, la découverte de deux mondes et son influence sur la perception française du modèle fédératif américain." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA083707.
Full textThe main statement of this research is that Europe and America as political categories have their roots in a nationalistic rhetoric, both in France and in the United States. These categories act like a distorting mirror in French perceptions of American federalism. This research encompasses three main themes. First, we define the notion of "discovery" in pointing out its political presupposition, which represents and shapes both Europe and America as naturalized worlds. Second, we apply this distorting mirror to the special case of American republicanism and third, to one of its modalities - federalism. This research was conducted at some specific times of nationhood crisis, both in France and in the United States. We will particularly deal with the rhetorical use of a supposed ontological break between Europe and America in revolutionary times, as well as in the Jacksonian and Civil War eras
Garrido, Carpio Fernando José. "Planification locale de trajectoires à deux étapes basée sur l’interpolation des courbes optimales pré-planifiées pour une conduite humaine en milieu urbain." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM065/document.
Full textIntelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) developments are conceived to improve transportation reducing accidents, transport time and fuel consumption, while increasing driving security, comfort and efficiency. The final goal of ITS is the development of ADAS for assisting in the driving tasks, up to the development of the fully automated vehicle. Despite last ADAS developments achieved a partial-automation level, current systems are not robust enough to achieve fully-automated level in short term. Urban environments pose a special challenge, since the dynamism of the scene forces the navigation algorithms to react in real-time to the eventual changes, respecting at the same time traffic regulation and avoiding collisions with other road users. On this basis, this PhD thesis proposes a two-staged local planning approach to provide a solution to the navigation problem on urban environments. First, static information of both road and vehicle constraints is considered to generate the optimal curve for each feasible turn configuration, where several databases are generated taking into account different position of the vehicle at the beginning and ending points of the curves, allowing the real-time planner to analyze concavity changes making use of the full lane width.Then, actual road layout is contemplated in the real-time process, where both the available distance and the sharpness of upcoming and consecutive turns are studied to provide a human-like driving style optimizing two curves concurrently, offering that way an extended planning horizon. Therefore, the real-time planning process searches the optimal junction point between curves. Optimality criteria minimizes both curvature peaks and abrupt changes on it, seeking the generation of continuous and smooth paths. Quartic Béziers are the interpolating-based curve algorithm used due to their properties, allowing compliance with road limits and kinematic restrictions, while allowing an easy manipulation of curves. This planner works both for static and dynamic environments. Obstacle avoidance features are presented based on the generation of a virtual lane which modifies the static path to perform each of the two lane change maneuvers as two curves, converting the problem into a static-path following. Thus, a fast solution can be found benefiting from the static local planner. It uses a grid discretization of the scene to identify the free space to build the virtual road, where the dynamic planning criteria is to reduce the slope for the lane changes. Both simulation and experimental test have been carried out to validate the approach, where vehicles performs path following on static and dynamic environments adapting the path in function of the scenario and the vehicle, testing both with low-speed cybercars and medium-speed electic platforms, showing the modularity of the system
Sommet, Julie. "Suivi d’enfants drépanocytaires dépistés en période néonatale : épidémiologie des principales complications et implications méthodologiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UNIP5246.
Full textSickle cell disease is the most common genetic disease worldwide and in France (1/2065 live newborns). Although infant mortality linked to sickle cell disease has decreased thanks to the implementation of neonatal screening associated with anti-pneumococcal vaccination, the morbidity of this disease remains a major issue in the management of these patients. Neurological complications, in particular cerebral vasculopathy (CV), are the main illustration of this. However, understanding the risk factors for morbidity and mortality is all the more complex since there is a variation in the clinical expression of sickle cell disease between individuals, but also a variation in the disease over time.The objectives of this thesis were 1/to identify, in the literature, the methods used to take into account the biological data in cohort studies of sickle cell disease children. These methods were then applied to our cohort, in order to study the effect produced by the choice of these methods on the statistical conclusions. 2/To carry out an analytical study on one of the largest cohorts of sickle cell newborns in Europe, in order to identify the clinical and biological factors associated with CV. The literature review showed that various methods were used to take into account biological data. We tested the factors associated with CV on the same sample of the population and demonstrated that the conclusions differed depending on the method used. When using a two-step model to consider biological data longitudinally, the factors associated with cerebral vasculopathy are bronchial obstruction (HR 1.47, 95%CI (1.05–2.06)), ENT obstruction (HR 1.76, 95%CI (1.49–2.08)), reticulocyte count (HR 1.82, 95%CI (1.10–3.03) for an increase of 50,000 / mm3) and hemoglobin percentage (HR 0.68, 95%CI (0.48–0.96) for a 5% increase). At the end of this research, we showed the need for a consensus to standardize the collection methods and statistical analysis in the field of prognostic studies of sickle cell children, in order to strengthen the validity of their conclusions. Collaboration between clinicians, hematologists and epidemiologists could improve the quality of observational studies, which sometimes lead to treatment decisions
Lecat, Gabriel. "Analyse économique de la planification urbaine." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00086797.
Full textFacal, Joseph. "Etude de deux réformes dans le champ de la santé au Québec et aux Etats-Unis à l'aide du modèle de H. Jamous : contribution à une sociologie des décisions politiques." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040202.
Full textThis thesis is a study of two reforms in the health care field in Québec (Castonguay reform, 1970-1973) and the U. S. (Medicare, 1965) based on the decision-making model of H. Jamous (1969). We try to identify the social forces, their interactions and the other main factors that account for the outcome in each case, while also appraising the relevancy of the model. On a theoretical level, we conclude to the impossibility of a general theory of political decision-making and plead for less ambitious theoretical models and a heavier emphasis on empirical research
Elamin, Abdelrahman. "Liquéfaction du bois en deux étapes : solvolyse et hydrotraitement." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD485.
Full textThe objectives of this work is to define a liquefaction process to produce oil from wood rich in hydrocarbons compounds so as to be usable as an alternative fuel. The investigated process consist of two steps : solvolysis and upgrading. In presence of solvents that derived from lignin or from holocellulose, the experimental results show that it is possible to dissolve completely wood powder under relatively mild reaction conditions. Among the tested solvents, the mixture of phenol/ tetralin gives a complete conversion of wood with abetter regeneration of the initial solvents used and more than 50% of the oxygen content of the wood has been removed during the solvolysis. The yield of the solvolysis oil is 70 % wt. Of the initial dry wood. The upgrading step is mainly to remove the residual oxygen of the solvolysis oil in order to increase its heating value and to lower its viscosity. In presence of tetralin as hydrogen donner solvent, at 350°C and initial hydrogen pressure of 9 MPa. Within the tested catalysts the sulfied nickel molybdeum is the more efficient hence in presence of this catalyst under the above mentioned reaction condition, the refined oil yield is around 55% and its oxygen content is less than 2%. The heating value of the refined oil is 43 MJ/kg which can be classified as that of the petroleum’s product. This study allowed determining the optimal reaction condition of the solvolysis step, as well as that of the upgrading step for producing a refined oil usable as hydrocarbon fuel from wood. The refined oil can be used effectively for dissolving wood in the solvolysis step which justify that a continuous liquefaction process able to generate its own solvent can be realised
Khassiba, Ahmed. "Programmation stochastique à deux étapes pour l'ordonnancement des arrivées d'avions sous incertitude." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30023.
Full textAirport operations are well known to be a bottleneck in the air traffic system, which puts more and more pressure on the world busiest airports to optimally schedule landings, in particular, and also but to a smaller extent departures. The Aircraft Landing Problem (ALP) has arisen from this operational need. ALP consists in finding for aircraft heading to a given airport a landing sequence and landing times so as to optimize some given criteria (optimizing runway utilization, minimizing delays, etc) while satisfying operational constraints (safety constraints mainly). As a reply to this operational need, decision support tools have been designed and put on service for air traffic controllers since the early nineties in the US as well as in Europe. A considerable number of publications dealing with ALP focus on the deterministic and static case. However, the aircraft landing problem arising in practice has a dynamic nature riddled with uncertainties. In addition, operational horizon of current decision support tools are to be extended so that aircraft are captured at larger distances from the airport to hopefully start the scheduling process earlier. Such a horizon extension affects the quality of input data which enlarges the uncertainty effect. In this thesis, we aim at scheduling aircraft arrivals under uncertainty. For that purpose, we propose an approach based on two-stage stochastic programming. In the first stage, aircraft are captured at a large distance from the destination airport. They are to be scheduled on the same initial approach fix (IAF), a reference point in the near-to-airport area where aircraft start their approach phase preparing for landing. Actual IAF arrival times are assumed to be random variables with known probability distributions. In practice, such an uncertainty may cause loss of safety separations between aircraft. In such situations, air traffic controllers are expected to intervene to ensure air traffic safety. In order to alleviate the consequent air trqffic control workload, chance constraints are introduced so that the safety risks around the IAF are limited to an acceptable level once the uncertainty is revealed. The second stage corresponds to the situation where aircraft are actually close to the IAF. In this stage, the uncertainty is revealed and a recourse decision is made in order to schedule aircraft on the runway threshold so that a second-stage cost function is minimized (e.g., air traffic control workload, delay cost, etc). Our first contribution is a proof of concept of the extended aircraft arrival management under uncertainty and a computational study on optimization parameters and problem characteristics. Modeling this problem as a two-stage stochastic programming model and solving it by a Benders decomposition is our second contribution. Finally, our third contribution focuses on extending our model to the more realistic case, where aircraft in the first stage are scheduled on several IAFs
Larbi, Aniya. "Les cellules souches embryonnaires humaines, un modèle d’étude des étapes précoces de la lymphopoïèse." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA114808.
Full textHuman embryonic stem cells (hESC) are powerful tools to explore tissue genesis of the organism, especially hematopoietic tissue. In order to obtain cellular types clinically useful, the majority of works have been focalised on final output of hematopoietic cells, especially lymphoid cells (lymphocyte B, lymphocyte T and NK cells), from human pluripotent stem cells. However, the obtained hematopoietic cells yield is very poor. In the other hand, initial steps of hematopoiesis, especially the identification of the hematopoietic stem cell, myeloid and lymphoid progenitors, from pluripotent stem cells, are poorly defined. We were interested to early steps of lymphopoisis in the hESC model. Initially, we studied the role of HOXB4 homeprotein on CSEh-derived NK progenitor. We showed that exposure of embryoid body (EB), derived from hESC, to the modified line that express constitutively HOXB4 “MS-5/SP-HOXB4”, induce hESC-derived NK progenitor expansion. Furthermore, the derived NK cells are mature and fonctionnal, by cytolytic activity on erythro-leucemic line K562. Furthermore the effect of HOXB4 on NK progenitor expansion, this study demonstrated, particularly the role of MS-5 line on the lymphoid specification from hESC.Secondly, we analysed more precisely the early steps of human lymphopoiesis from hESC. We showed, in the first part, that MS-5 coculture of the EB-derived cells induce surface expression of CD45RA (marker of lymphoid specification) on hematopoietic progenitor CD34+. Thus, on the basis of these data and previous data concerning the initial steps of fetal and adult lymphopoiesis, we identified and characterized in vitro from hESC, two populations of multipotent early lymphoid progenitor (MELP): the CD34+CD45RA+CD7+ progenitor whose the differentiation potential is biased to T and NK lineage, and the CD34+CD45RA+CD7- progenitor has differentiation potential biased to B lineage. This study is essential in understanding of normal and pathological lymphopoisis process in pluripotent stem cells model. Additionally, this study paves the way for the modeling of genetic disorders of lymphoid system
Rezzoug, Sid-Ahmed. "Développement d'un procédé de liquéfaction du bois en deux étapes : solvolyse et hydrotraitement catalytique." Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMP914S.
Full textFeige, Ludovic. "Introduction d'anisotropie dans des doubles réseaux élastomères par orientation et réticulation en deux étapes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLET030.
Full textDouble network elastomers are composed of two interpenetrated polymeric networks. A highly-crosslinked and isotropically prestretched filler network is embedded into a soft matrix network. The properties of such a molecular composite primarily depend on the state of stretch of the filler network chains, which dictates their maximum extensibility. Here, we introduce some anisotropy into the double network architecture by using uniaxially pre-oriented filler networks. This prestretching is obtained by crosslinking the filler network in two steps, the second one being performed in the stretched state. Two dual-curing systems are designed, activated either by heating or by UV. Prestretched filler networks are then prepared and do not show any anisotropy in modulus nor swelling ratio. However, double networks prepared from prestretched filler networks show a pronounced anisotropic behavior in large strain. In particular, the transverse direction is not predicted by mean-field models. We propose a new model based on the non-additivity of the finite extensibility for both populations of crosslinks to predict semi-quantitatively the large strain behavior of these anisotropic tough materials. Interestingly we find also that the damage in small and large strain are decoupled, as opposed to conventional filled rubbers where a single damage parameter is sufficient for both regimes. All in all, these new double network elastomers based on more complex network topologies represent a new step toward practical applications, materials and situations that are closer to real life situations
Mohsen-Kanson, Tala. "Cellules souches induites à la pluripotence : modèle d'étude des étapes précoces du développement adipocytaire humain." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE4023.
Full textThe terminal steps of adipocyte differentiation are well established ; however the earliest steps controlling brown and white adipogenic lineage specification remain unknown in humans. We have investigated the human induced Pluripotent Stem cells (hips) as a model to study the early steps of brown and white adipogenesis. We will present the generation of hips cells from human multipotent adipose derived stem cells (hMADS). We have also used iPS cells reprogrammed from human neural stem cells generated using the PiggyBac technology. We provide an efficient protocol to differentiate iPS-hMADS and iPS-hNSC cells into adipocytes. Interestingly, our data show that hips cells are able to differentiate both into white and brown adipocytes. We show that Retinoic Acid (RA) pathway activation at an early phase of hips development dramatically enhanced generation of white adipocytes and inhibited generation of Brown adipocytes. In contrast, the use of SB431542, a selective inhibitor of TGFβ/Activin pathway, indicated that this pathway was required for the generation of brown adipocytes. Altogether, these data support a model in which brown and white adipocytes progenitors diverge early during human embryonic development. RA and TGFβ/Activin pathways regulate the generation of white APs and brown APs respectively
Marx, Alain. "Deux étapes majeures pour le développement du code XTOR : parallélisation poussée et géométrie à frontière libre." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX095/document.
Full textThe XTOR-2F code simulates the 3D dynamics of full bi-fluid MHD instabilities in tokamak plasmas.The first part of the thesis was dedicated to the parallelisation of XTOR-2F code. The code has been parallelised significantly despite the numerical profile of the problem solved, i.e. a discretisation with pseudo-spectral representations in all angular directions, the stiffness of the two-fluid stability problem in tokamaks, and the use of a direct LU decomposition to invert the physical pre-conditioner. The execution time of the parallelised version is an order of magnitude smaller than the sequential one for low-resolution cases, with an increasing speedup when the discretisation mesh is refined. Moreover, it allows to perform simulations with higher resolutions, previously forbidden because of memory limitations.The second part of the thesis was dedicated to the development of free boundary condition. The original fixed boundary computational domain of the code was generalised to a free-boundary one, thus approaching closely the geometry of today’s and future large experimental devices. The initial conditions are given by the CHEASE equilibrium code inside the plasma. Outside the plasma, fitting the magnetic potential at the CHEASE computation domain boundary with a set of external poloidal magnetic coils extends the solution. The boundary conditions use Green functions to construct a response matrix matching the normal and tangential components of the outside magnetic field with the inside solution. A thin resistive wall can be added to the computational domain. This new numerical setup generalises the investigation field from internal MHD instabilities towards external instabilities. The code linear behaviour is validated with two families of instabilities, n = 0 axisymmetric modes and n = 1/m = 2 external kinks. In order to validate the nonlinear behaviour, nonlinear resistive MHD simulations of tearing modes at zero beta evolving to a stationary state have been performed
Debus, André. "Etude du bruit ferromagnétique : Modèle phénoménologique à deux sources." Lyon, INSA, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ISAL0026.
Full textSaadouni, Mounir. "Un modèle instationnaire bidimensionnel de fluide de grade deux." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066506.
Full textMercille, Dominique. "Identification du modèle de leadership dans deux établissements CFER." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2004. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4713/1/000114843.pdf.
Full textBécu, Jean-Michel. "Contrôle des fausses découvertes lors de la sélection de variables en grande dimension." Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2264/document.
Full textIn the regression framework, many studies are focused on the high-dimensional problem where the number of measured explanatory variables is very large compared to the sample size. If variable selection is a classical question, usual methods are not applicable in the high-dimensional case. So, in this manuscript, we develop the transposition of statistical tests to the high dimension. These tests operate on estimates of regression coefficients obtained by penalized linear regression, which is applicable in high-dimension. The main objective of these tests is the false discovery control. The first contribution of this manuscript provides a quantification of the uncertainty for regression coefficients estimated by ridge regression in high dimension. The Ridge regression penalizes the coefficients on their l2 norm. To do this, we devise a statistical test based on permutations. The second contribution is based on a two-step selection approach. A first step is dedicated to the screening of variables, based on parsimonious regression Lasso. The second step consists in cleaning the resulting set by testing the relevance of pre-selected variables. These tests are made on adaptive-ridge estimates, where the penalty is constructed on Lasso estimates learned during the screening step. A last contribution consists to the transposition of this approach to group-variables selection
Borges, Luiz Eduardo Pizarro. "Cinétique des réactions d'alkylation sulfurique : étude des deux étapes réactionnelles et modélisation par regroupement en familles chimiques." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10071.
Full textRoget-Vial, Céline. "deux contributions à l'étude semi-paramétrique d'un modèle de régression." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008730.
Full textMathieu, Claire. "Comparaison de modèles combinatoires et probabilistes : deux exemples en analyse d'algorithmes." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112042.
Full textPetronevich, Anna. "Dynamic factor model with non-linearities : application to the business cycle analysis." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E050/document.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the study of a particular class of non-linear Dynamic Factor Models, the Dynamic Factor Models with Markov Switching (MS-DFM). Combining the features of the Dynamic Factor model and the Markov Switching model, i.e. the ability to aggregate massive amounts of information and to track recurring processes, this framework has proved to be a very useful and convenient instrument in many applications, the most important of them being the analysis of business cycles.In order to monitor the health of an economy and to evaluate policy results, the knowledge of the currentstate of the business cycle is essential. However, it is not easy to determine since there is no commonly accepted dataset and method to identify turning points, and the official institutions announce a newturning point, in countries where such practice exists, with a structural delay of several months. The MS-DFM is able to resolve these issues by providing estimates of the current state of the economy in a timely, transparent and replicable manner on the basis of the common component of macroeconomic indicators characterizing the real sector. The thesis contributes to the vast literature in this area in three directions. In Chapter 3, I compare the two popular estimation techniques of the MS-DFM, the one-step and the two-step methods, and apply them to the French data to obtain the business cycle turning point chronology. In Chapter 4, on the basis of Monte Carlo simulations, I study the consistency of the estimators of the preferred technique -the two-step estimation method, and analyze their behavior in small samples. In Chapter 5, I extend the MS-DFM and suggest the Dynamical Influence MS-DFM, which allows to evaluate the contribution of the financial sector to the dynamics of the business cycle and vice versa, taking into consideration that the interaction between them can be dynamic
TEDESCO, GIUSEPPE. "L'hôpital et son projet d'établissement : modèle de solution et modèle d'évolution intégré, analyse de deux expériences de gestion." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EPXX0010.
Full textThe hospital reform law of 1991 called for each hospital to define its ownenterprise development project. This project allows each establishment toreflect on its own strategic positioning. The enterprise development. Project is a veritable opportunity for change: the purpose is to create anew set of health care services better suited to the needs of the localenvironment, and to determine the most appropriate organizational methodsfor patient care. To complete their enterprise development projects, some hospitals developed solution-based models. Created by a group of designers, these modelsfocused on one or two management criteria (cost and health care services) but did not consider the organization. As a result, when the designers attempt to distribute and implement the model, organizational crises occurred. Other hospitals developed evolutionary models. Managers considered the process of change as well the changes themselves. In this context, the strategy for change resulted in organizational learning experiences and disorder. Although the first strategy for change is faster, it involves social reproduction and clashes head-on with the organization. The second strategy is slower and more progressive. It involves social change and the organization is considered as an important variable when determining actions. After describing these two management methods, this paper demonstrates that neither approach is fully satisfactory. It suggests a third alternative called the "integrated change" model. This approach uses the notion of target as a nodal element in a strategy for change. The paper goes on to propose a tool to enable hospital managers to develop management strategies based on this approach
Alonso, Jean-Michel. "Deux approches différentes dans la stratégie d'immunoprévention des infections bactériennes transmissibles : le modèle Yersinia et le modèle Bordetella." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112048.
Full textPrin, Yves. "Les surfaces des deux partenaires de la symbiose aulne-frankia : caractérisation et rôle dans les étapes de pré-infection." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO11687.
Full textCosta, Catherine. "Harmonisation fiscale européenne : utilisation d'un modèle à générations imbriquées à deux pays." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX24019.
Full textPortier, Lucie. "Etude de l’influence du stroma BRCA1 muté sur les étapes précoces de transformation tumorale dans le modèle du cancer du sein." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS501/document.
Full textThe aim of this study was to evaluate the role of a BRCA1 heterozygous haplo-deficient microenvironment in the early events of tumour transformation of breast cancer. For this purpose we modeled a BRCA1-mutated stroma using mesenchymal stem / stromal cells (MSCs) obtained by differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a patient carrying the mutation (MSCs BRCA1+/-). These BRCA1-mutated cells were compared to MSCs without the mutation (MSCs BRCA1+/+) generated from iPSCs BRCA1+/+. This study focuses on two aspects of BRCA1-mutated stroma, namely the pro-angiogenic properties of BRCA1+/- MSCs and the induction of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) on normal breast cells (HME1).We have shown that BRCA1-mutated MSCs exhibit enhanced pro-angiogenic properties by overexpressing the hypoxic factor HIF-1α and factors from VEGF, PDGF and Angpt families resulting in increased capacities to form vascular structures in vitro and in vivo. BRCA1-mutated MSCs exhibit also higher migratory capabilities by production and secretion of periostin (POSTN), an extracellular matrix protein, which is involved in cell adhesion, motility and migration. These capacities have been validated by a specific siRNA approach for POSTN. In vivo, the coinjection of BRCA1-mutated MSCs with murine breast cancer cell line (4T1-Luc-GFP) promotes tumour growth and the formation of lung metastases. These results are correlated with in situ POSTN detection and with the formation of a developed tumour vascular network, quantified by CD34 staining. We also demonstrated that supernatant of BRCA1+/- MSCs can induce an EMT on HME1 cells by promoting the acquisition of stemness properties (CD24Low/CD44High) and accelerating their migration. Finally we initiated the in vitro production of mammary organoids using MSCs and HME1 in order to study more precisely the molecular mechanisms of this EMT after contact and possible early events of the malignant transformation. These results indicate that MSCs can participate to tumour initiation and metastatic progression in heterozygous BRCA1-mutated background. POSTN could represent a prognostic marker and a therapeutic target for these hereditary breast cancers
Binet, Aurélien. "Analyse qualitative et quantitative du remodelage vasculaire utérin sur deux modèles murins d'insuffisance placentaire : modèle hyperthermie et modèle anémie ferriprive." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR3301.
Full textThe intra-uterin growth restriction by placental vascular modifications affects 4% of the current pregnancies. lt’s still unknown installation mechanism has an important pediatric impact with a significant mortality. The association of intra-uterin growth restriction and placental vascular defects on an animal model is necessary to understand this mechanism and envisage a therapeutic study later. The aim of Ibis project is to establish at first an animal model which associates intra-uterin growth restriction and vascular placental modifications found in the human physiopathology For that purpose, two murine models were studied : hyperthermia at the end of the gestation and anaemia by iron deficiency before and during the gestation. A qualitative and quantitative study by ultrasonography (Doppler ultrasonography and contrast ultrasonography) associated with anatomopathological, immune-histochemical and spectroscopic studies of the placentas was realized. The optimization of the definitive animal model required at first anatomical marks development, allowing reproduction of the ultrasonographic measures as well as revelation of the ultrasound contrast product harmlessness. A global placental study allowed us to note structural modifications connected to the analyzed model. The study of these two animals models allowed us to establish a standard measuring protocol and show that ultrasonographic contrast product use had no effect on the gestation. The hyperthermia, as the iron deficiency, is responsible of an intra-uterin growth restriction with a positive effect dose related. The vascular placental modifications found in the hyperthermia model as hemorrhage and ischaemia areas do not appear as the result of vascular modifications but after-effects of this acute incident. The hemodynamical modifications registered within the framework of the iron deficiency are rather in favour of vascular modifications in agreement with the human pathology. The spectroscopic study does not show metabolomic modifications. These two models allow the installation of an intra-uterin growth restriction positively correlated with the protocol intensity. The anaemia model gets closer to the human pathology; its study remains b he continued with more consequent numbers
Perrin, Clarisse. "Streptococcus thermophilus : réponses physiologiques aux températures basses et étude de deux protéines de choc froid : premières étapes de la cartographie protéomique." Nancy 1, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1999_0267_PERRIN.pdf.
Full textKafrouni, Samir. "Modèle de gestion des stocks dans le cas de deux à trois entrepôts." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27133.
Full textMessikh, Reda Jürg. "Du modèle d'Ising 2d vers un problème de Mumford-Shah à deux couleurs." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112277.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the study of phase coexistence in a regime where the temperature approaches the critical point. For the Ising model in dimension two we establish in this regime a large deviation principle (LDP) that proves the apparition of a perfectly round Wulff droplet. Then we study the Ising model submitted to an inhomogeneous magnetic field. When this magnetic field represents the gray levels of a picture, we show that the spin configurations concentrates near the solutions of a simplified version of the Mumford-Shah functional whose surface energy term is rotation invariant. In the first chapter we establish estimates for block events in the context of the 2d supercritical random cluster model. These estimates permit the use of block renormalization techniques as soon as the percolation parameter is above the dual point of the exponential decay of connectivity threshold. The second chapter contains the study of the Wulff crystal when the temperature approaches the critical point. We establish a LDP whose rate function is the isotropic perimeter. The system thus becomes rotation invariant. The link with image segmentation is obtained from the previous LDP by perturbing the Ising model with an inhomogeneous magnetic field. In the last chapter we study the surface tension of the 2d Ising model when the temperature approaches the critical point. Using explicit calculations, we establish that the surface tension becomes rotation invariant near the critical point
Corbel-Ecalard, Catherine. "La prévention du risque sanitaire à travers deux modèles : la France et les Etats-Unis d'Amérique." Université de Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1G025.
Full textRisk is an inherent aspect of humanlife. Health is one's most precious asset. Undoubtedly, these statements are shared in France and in the US. Nevertheless, once combined together, these two notions not only might be dreadful but also may not be tolerated, unbearable even. Our society has become "risk averse" and individuals, whether they are citizens, patients, or consumers, demand for significantly more protection. If prevention appears to be the best tool to meet their needs, with the caveat that the risk is known, does it, nonetheless, consist in a guaranty, which can be claimed on each side of the Atlantic ? Is it a one-way commitment or do citizens have obligations as well ? The pressing need to prevent the health risk may be contrary to protected liberties, therefore a legal setting is critical to settle conflicts and manage abuses. This study will aim to point out similarities and specificities in implementing preventative health risk acitivities, from both a French and a US standpoint
Martinez, Molina John Jairo. "Commande de l'inter-distance entre deux véhicules." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00138250.
Full textLes contributions de ce travail concernent principalement le développement d'un nouveau modèle de référence de l'inter-distance, la conception d'un contrôleur longitudinal associé et son application aux systèmes d'aide à la conduite, comme les systèmes d'avertissement de l'inter-distance, les systèmes d'anti-collisions et les systèmes de mitigation des collisions. Le modèle de référence de l'inter-distance peut être employé dans des scénarios comme l'Adaptive cruise control et le Stop&go. Le modèle proposé est non-linéaire et fournit des solutions dynamiques qui a priori vérifient simultanément des critères de confort (accélérations et jerk bornés) et des critères de sécurité (c.-à-d. la prévention de collisions). Le modèle de référence de l'inter-distance est basé sur des lois physiques de contact mécanique. Une particularité de ce modèle est que ses solutions peuvent être décrites par des courbes intégrales explicites. Ceci permet de caractériser explicitement l'ensemble des états initiaux pour lequel les critères de sécurité et de confort sont vérifiés.
La commande longitudinale et le modèle de référence de l'inter-distance ont été testés tant en simulation qu'en expérimentation, ce qui permet d'évaluer la performance et la potentialité é de cette approche.
Ikhlef, Yacine. "Résultats exacts sur les modèles de boucles en deux dimensions." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00268765.
Full textSnoussi, Karim. "Étude par RMN de la structure et de la dynamique d'acides nucléiques en solution." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066478.
Full textMonestier, Olivier. "Développement et caractérisation de deux modèles murins présentant un phénotype hypermusclé." Limoges, 2012. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/449dba1c-e93c-40ca-9977-2115d7357bf4/blobholder:0/2012LIMO4001.pdf.
Full textSkeletal muscle development and growth are tightly regulated processes involving multiple factors which control different cellular programs such as proliferation, differentiation and fusion. Understanding muscle mass regulation represents key issues in public health or agronomy. Thus, the identification of molecular mechanisms participating in muscular hypertrophy has major interest for therapies improvement of muscular atrophy or for applications in meat production. In this context, the work of my thesis concerned the development and characterisation of two mouse lines presenting a hypermuscular phenotype. The analysis of the first model, called surGasp1, showed that the ubiquitous overexpression of the Gasp1 gene leads to a generalized increase of muscular mass due to a hypertrophy of the type I, IIa and IIb fibres without change of the fatty tissue amount. This model provides an excellent tool to study the GASP1 function during the muscular development, in particular its role in relationship with the myostatin, a key factor in muscle growth regulation. I have also undertaken a study of the GASP1 protein during evolution. The substitution rate analysis from the ancestor of Ciona to tetrapods showed that the important domains in the interaction with the myostatin (GDF8) were the most preserved. These data allow me to propose a three dimensional model describing the GASP protein action. The second mouse line, GMA06, resulting from a sensitized mutagenesis screen, presents a hypermuscular phenotype which differs from the one observed in myostatine knockout mice. The identification of the causal mutation in this line will allow to better understand the interactions which could exist between this last one and the myostatin and constitutes an interesting model for functional studies of gene modifiers of the Gdf8-/- phenotype
Daszuta, Annie. "Deux souches consanguines de souris : un modèle d'analyse biochimique et comportementale - sérotonine et sommeil." Aix-Marseille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX11015.
Full textKarevski, Dragi. "Comporterment critique local associé à des perturbations apériodiques du modèle d'Ising à deux dimensions." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10311.
Full textBoëlle, Arnaud. "Validation d'un modèle à deux fluides appliqué à la simulation des lits fluidisés denses." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066028.
Full textSabia, Ouadie. "L'apposition : esquisse d'un modèle grammatical à partir de deux romans de Tahar Ben Jelloun." Toulouse 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU20028.
Full textThe object of this study is to explore the linguistic functionning of a specific syntactic structure in an homogeneous data and to establish a distinction, both morphosyntactic and semantic, between a real apposition and other structures that resemble it formally or in their function. The first chapter is theoric, it deals with the evolution of the notion of apposition since its rhetoric origins untill the textual analysis. The second chapter is descriptif, it examins alla the apposition forms found in the data and which obey to the form : ng, ng. The third chapter is comparatif, it studies the common points and differences, based on a certain number of relations : syntactic, semantic and pragmatic, between the apposition type ng, ng and a detached adjectival form, a relative called "appositive" and juxtaposition
Yeshanew, Martha Minale. "Amélioration des rendements de traitement des déchets par digestion anaérobie : rôle d'un pré-traitement thermique et d'un traitement en bioréacteur en deux étapes." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1166.
Full textAnaerobic digestion (AD) has been used over a century for an effective treatment of organic wastes. Interest in anaerobic treatment is continually increasing since it presents significant advantages when compared to alternative biological treatments and waste disposal options. This research study was mainly focused on optimization of the AD process, that was achieved through two different strategies. The first aimed at increasing the substrate biodegradability by a means of thermal pretreatment. The second was focused on the application of a biofilm based system to improve the biogas production rates and minimize the reactor size.Food waste (FW) was mainly used as a model substrate due to its suitable composition, abundance and renewability. In this thesis the influence of thermal pretreatment temperature on organic matter solubilization and methane yield of FW under different operational conditions was investigated. Significant improvement of the FW solubilization and biodegradability were observed for all thermally pretreated FW compared to the untreated FW. The highest biodegradability enhancement, i.e. + 28 %, was observed for FW treated at the lowest thermal pretreatment temperature, i.e. 80 ⁰C. The results showed a strong correlation between the substrate type (e.g. carbohydrate, protein and lipid content), the thermal pretreatment temperature and its effectiveness in promoting the biodegradability.In the second part of the work, a prolonged operation of an integrated two-stage system, including a continuously stirred tank and an anaerobic biofilm reactor, was carried out to produce biohythane (biohydrogen and methane) from the FW. The anaerobic biofilm reactor was employed to overcome the biomass wash-out from the reactor. The formation of a well-matured and balanced AD biomass greatly improved the process stability, which was not affected by shortening the hydraulic retention time (HRT) from 6 to 3.7 days in the first reactor and from 20 to 1.5 days in the second reactor. Moreover a two-stage system, comprised of a pilot scale batch dark fermenter and an anaerobic biofilm reactor co-producing hydrogen and methane from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), was used to assess the capability of the anaerobic biofilm reactor to face an organic shock loads. The results showed a faster recovery of anaerobic biofilm reactor performance after the shock load events
Meullemiestre, Alice. "Valorisation des déchets de la filière « bois » en deux étapes : isolation des molécules extractibles puis fabrication de charbon actif : cas du pin maritime." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS008/document.
Full textThe scientific advances in plants, processing technologies, biotechnology allow considering that the products of renewable carbon green chemistry, substitutable and competitive will replace the products issued from fossil material. In this framework, this project concerned a double valorization of waste from wood sector. The first valorization concerned the isolation of extractable compounds which are present in low quantities and could be considered as a high added value product. The second valorization deals with the transformation of the residue in another high added value product : the activated carbons. Thus, the proposed process concerns the sector of "green chemistry" with an integrated approach of "waste valorization". In the framework of this study, we used as raw material sawdust of maritime pine (pinus pinaster) from Landes area from an isolation of volatiles extracted by some intensified processes such as microwave and ultrasounds. The obtained oil was characterized by determining the quantity (yield), the composition, the antioxidant capacity, the polyphenols content and by studying the microstructure. To achieve a total valorization the residues were submitted to a pyro-activation with CO2 and water vapor as activating agents to produce an activated carbon. An optimization was carried out according to different responses as the BET surface, the pores size by nitrogen adsorption at 77 K and the adsorption properties of activated carbon in aqueous phase (Langmuir et Freundlich parameters)
Paillet, Florian. "Optimisation d’un procédé à deux étapes pour la production d’un mélange hydrogène/méthane (biohythane) à partir de la fraction fermentescible des ordures ménagères." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NSAM0027/document.
Full textTwo-step process producing biologically a mixture of H2/CH4 (5-20 % of H2) so called biohythane can be used for organic fraction of municipal solid waste valorization (OFMSW). The first step consists of a dark fermentation reactor (hydolysis/acidogenesis) which allows a partial degradation of organic matter into H2 and simple molecules (volatile fatty acid, sugar, ethanol…). Then the outlet of the first reactor can be used in a second reactor for methane production ending organic matter degradation. However, only high efficiency of the dark fermentation step allows making this two-step process economically viable compared to a simple anaerobic digestion reactor. The aim of this thesis is to improve the knowledge of the dark fermentation process for optimizing hydrogen and metabolites productions. Experiments were achieved to better understanding the main factors limiting hydrogen production along with the operational conditions that could improve hydrogen yield. This thesis also shows the high stability and robustness of effluent recirculation for consecutive hydrogen batch reactor. Finally, several sizes of reactors were performed for a scale-up of the process in order to reach the real operational conditions in industrial scale. This thesis provides new knowledge of the dark fermentation process in mixed culture for creating an industrial two-step process for biohythane production using municipal solid waste
Février, Pierrick. "Etude de réactions d'estérification enzymatiques par des lipases : Application à la synthèse en deux étapes d'un triglycéride structuré, le 1,3-dicaprylyl-2-linoléylglycérol." Brest, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BRES2013.
Full textKolomvos, Georgios. "Résolution de grands problèmes stochastiques multi-étapes : application à un problème de dimensionnement de capacités et de gestion de flux et de stocks." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ECAP1044.
Full textIn a deterministic setting, data input are considered to be known. However, in real-world applications one may face problems whose parameters are partially or totally uncertain. The approach where one considers a single scenario, which is supposed to represent a mean case, shows quickly its limits. We consider working on a discretized uncertainty space spreading over several time periods; we therefore consider scenario trees and introduce the multistage models associated. Problems dimensions rise exponentially with the number of stages which renders direct solution methods inappropriate. What has motivated our work is an industrial application arising in a gas market, concerning more precisely capacity reservation in the context of a contractual agreement that has to hold over a certain time horizon. Spot prices and clients' demands are considered to be uncertain and are modeled using a scenario tree. The problem structure presents strong similarities with a wide family of problems, where variables are coupling with each other in a very characteristic manner. After a literature survey focusing on (but not limited to) solution methods for multistage models, the Nested Decomposition (ND)method has been chosen. Over very large cases, even decomposition methods show their limits; this concerns in principle convergence times. This work is mostly devoted to the development of new procedures inside the ND method in order to work with larger scenario trees in less time. Other aspects, concerning time reduction over a single iteration are also studied. Comparisons between the classic and the newly presented approaches revealed the superiority of the latter over the former
Rotureau, J. "Modèle en couches avec plusieurs particules dans le continuum : description de la radioactivité deux protons." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008959.
Full textAllen, Steve. "Approximation auto-cohérente à deux particules, pseudogap et supraconductivité dans le modèle de Hubbard attractif." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ67579.pdf.
Full textDe, Tilière Béatrice. "Modèles exactement solubles de mécanique statistique en dimension deux : modèle d'Ising, dimères et arbres couvrants." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00909569.
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