Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modèle de prévision'
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Rabah, Gana Marjène. "Modèle EBO : erreur de prévision et performance anormale." Lille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL20011.
Full textThis study presents an application of the Edwards-Bell-Ohlson (EBO) model to a sample of Canadian firms over the period 1985-1997. Its objective is to examine the usefulness of the EBO values in predicting cross-sectional stock returns. We estimates firms'fundamental values (V) and we compare them to Canadian firms'price (P) to build a profitable hedge strategy. The returns generated by this strategy are analysed. Because different sources of risk can explain these returns, abnormal returns are also examined. Besides, given that the profitability of our hedge strategy can be affected by certain errors committed in the estimation of the parameters of the EBO model, robustness tests were performed. The empirical results show that comparing V to P helps investor to build a profitable hedge stratgey suggesting that the V/P ration is a good predictor of cross-sectional returns. The predictive power of V/P is not affected by the cost of equity used, or by the weighting scheme, or by the horizon investment. In addition, we find errors in consensus analyst earnings forecasts suggesting a strong evidence of over-optimism. Results also show that these errors are predictable, and that the predicitve power of V/P is improved when systematic errors are incorporated especially over a 12 months horizon
Ba, Alassane. "Croissance économique et réduction de la pauvreté : modèle de prévision adapté à l'évaluation de politiques économiques, cas du modèle de Cadre Budgétaire à Moyen Terme." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT4023.
Full textPoverty has become a major concern in the international context of globalization. Poor countries like Mali, whose economy is subject to the vagaries of the international environment and impacts of climate, face the challenge to ensure a harmonious economic and social development. The condition of this success through accelerated growth, a significant reduction of poverty and human development. If Mali is an average growth of 5% since 1994, however, the reduction of poverty was very low. Development policies are confronted with challenges to the quality, targeting and evaluation. The quality of macroeconomic policies and the optimal allocation of resources towards priority sectors for development are essential to arrive at the triangle of development: growth, reduction of poverty and human development. To facilitate this interaction, we choose whether to develop a budgetary model of framework in the medium term (CBMT) which is a tool for decision support and a tool for dialogue and arbitration to ensure the articulation between the macroeconomic framework, budget and development stratégies. The model structure consists of a real sector, a sector of public finances (including the state budget, budgets and sectoral performance indicators), a monetary sector and a module poverty analysis. Model CBMT is by its structure a model quasi-accountant with equations of behavior. It is intended to improve the assessment of economic and fiscal policies by strengthening the quality of budget decisions and managing for results
Sameur, Abdelaziz. "Modèle de contact pneumatique/chaussée pour la prévision du bruit de roulement." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001035.
Full textMarcoux, Mathieu. "Un modèle de prévision de la demande de gaz naturel au Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27996/27996.pdf.
Full textTangara, Mamoutou. "Nouvelle méthode de prévision de crue utilisant un modèle pluie-débit global." Paris, EPHE, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EPHEA002.
Full textGodet, Fanny. "Prévision linéaire des processus à longue mémoire." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00349384.
Full textMfouapon, Alassa. "Conception et estimation d'un modèle DSGE pour la prévision macroéconomique : un petit modèle d'économie ouverte pour le Cameroun." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020076/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at analyzing the macroeconomic dynamics of the Cameroonian economy. It begins with a quantitative analysis of the business cycle in Cameroon, based on annual macroeconomic data, especially gathered for this purpose. This preliminary inquiry highlights a number of features that can be accounted for in a new-keynesian modelling framework. A dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model of the new-keynesian family is thus constructed as a mean of describing the salient feautures of the Cameroonian economy. It has the traditional blocks of new-keynesian DSGE models (Sticky prices and wages, adjustment costs, etc). But it also accounts for a number of characteristics of the Cameroonian economy that are shown to be influential in the dynamics of the cameroonian economy (e.g. oil revenues or primary goods exports). The model is then estimated and evaluated, based on a Bayesian approach. Its forecasting performance is also assessed through comparison to the performances of a random walk model, a vector autoregressive (VAR) model and a Bayesian VAR (BVAR) model. It turns out that, at least for short horizons, the DSGE model shows the highest perfromance. As to macroeconomic fluctuations, the estimated model suggests that commodity price shocks generate an output expansion, an increase in employment and a fall in inflation. In addition, oil price shocks have a direct impact on marginal costs which increase and provoke a rising in inflation while output and employment tend to fall. Foreign shoks and domestic supply shocks account for a large share of output and investment fluctuations. The evolution of output over the whole sample is dominated by commodity price shocks and oil price shocks as one would expect
Maza, Elie. "Prévision de trafic routier par des méthodes statistiques : espérance structurelle d’une fonction aléatoire." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30238.
Full textIn the first part of this thesis, we describe a travel time forecasting method on the Parisian motorway network. This method is based on a mixture model. Parameters are estimated by an automatic classification method and a training concept. The second part is devoted to the study of a semi-parametric curve translation model. Estimates are carried out by an M-estimation method. We show the consistency and the asymptotic normality of the estimators. In the third part, we widen the function warping model by considering that the warping functions result from a random process. That enables us to define, in an intrinsic way, a concept of structural expectation and thus to get round the non identifiability of the model. We propose an empirical estimator of this structural expectation and we show consistency and asymptotic normality
Martin, Elizabeth. "Recherche marketing et cinéma : application de modèles de prévision." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CLF10084.
Full textGaaloul, Sofiène. "Elaboration d'un modèle macro-économétrique d'analyse conjoncturelle et de prévision pour la Tunisie." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS001S.
Full textThis thesis aims to elaborate a macro-econometric model for the Tunisian economy which can serve as an analytical tool for economic diagnostics, simulation and short term forecasting. This model builds on a critical analysis of the main used national econometric models and is intended to understand the reality of the Tunisian economy and its future challenges. To this end, the model is distinguished by basic features namely the incorporation of the methodological change in the national accounting framework, the quantification of labor forces according to education level, the estimation of a wage-price loop and the State budget modeling
Dupuis, Lise. "Validation d'un modèle bidimensionnel de prévision de vagues dans l'estuaire du Saint-Laurent." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq31711.pdf.
Full textAlligier, Richard. "Apprentissage artificiel appliqué à la prévision de trajectoire d'avion." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/12286/1/alligier.pdf.
Full textMathieu, Jordane. "Modèles d'impact statistiques en agriculture : de la prévision saisonnière à la prévision à long terme, en passant par les estimations annuelles." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEE006/document.
Full textIn agriculture, weather is the main factor of variability between two consecutive years. This thesis aims to build large-scale statistical models that estimate the impact of weather conditions on agricultural yields. The scarcity of available agricultural data makes it necessary to construct simple models with few predictors, and to adapt model selection methods to avoid overfitting. Careful validation of statistical models is a major concern of this thesis. Neural networks and mixed effects models are compared, showing the importance of local specificities. Estimates of US corn yield at the end of the year show that temperature and precipitation information account for an average of 28% of yield variability. In several more weather-sensitive states, this score increases to nearly 70%. These results are consistent with recent studies on the subject. Mid-season maize crop yield forecasts are possible from July: as of July, the meteorological information available accounts for an average of 25% of the variability in final yield in the United States and close to 60% in more weather-sensitive states like Virginia. The northern and southeastern regions of the United States are the least well predicted. Predicting years for which extremely low yields are encountered is an important task. We use a specific method of classification, and show that with only 4 weather predictors, 71% of the very low yields are well detected on average. The impact of climate change on yields up to 2060 is also studied: the model we build provides information on the speed of evolution of yields in different counties of the United States. This highlights areas that will be most affected. For the most affected states (south and east coast), and with constant agricultural practice, the model predicts yields nearly divided by two in 2060, under the IPCC RCP 4.5 scenario. The northern states would be less affected. The statistical models we build can help for management on the short-term (seasonal forecasts) or to quantify the quality of the harvests before post-harvest surveys, as an aid to the monitoring (estimate at the end of the year). Estimations for the next 50 years help to anticipate the consequences of climate change on agricultural yields, and to define adaptation or mitigation strategies. The methodology used in this thesis is easily generalized to other cultures and other regions of the world
Bonnel, Patrick. "Prévision de la demande de transport." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00268919.
Full textCette réflexion sur les outils (analyse des comportements, méthode de production de données, modélisation) a été complétée par une analyse des politiques de déplacements urbains. Elle a été conduite notamment à travers une comparaison des politiques de déplacements urbains menées dans plusieurs agglomérations européennes.
Ce rapport d'habilitation permet de clarifier et d'expliciter ces différentes dimensions développées tout à la fois au niveau de l'activité de recherche et au niveau de l'activité d'enseignement. Il constitue à ce titre un apport original qui devrait servir de base à la publication d'un manuel de prévision de la demande de transport, occupant ainsi un espace plutôt délaissé au sein des publications de langue française.
Despagne, Wilfried. "Construction, analyse et implémentation d'un modèle de prévision : déploiement sous forme d'un système de prévision chez un opérateur européen du transport et de la logistique." Phd thesis, Université Européenne de Bretagne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00487327.
Full textRouffin, Nathalie. "Les polluants d'origine automobile : un modèle d'analyse et de prévision de l'évolution des rejets." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA12A001.
Full textNguyen, Quoc Son. "Application du modèle distribué événementiel SCS-LR pour la prévision des crues méditerranéennes : performances du modèle et variabilité spatiale des paramètres." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG019/document.
Full textRainfall-runoff models are essential tools for many hydrological applications, including flood forecasting. The purpose of this thesis was to examine the performances of a distributed event model for reproducing the Mediterranean floods. This model reduces the parametrization of the processes to the flood period, and estimates the saturation of the catchment at the beginning of the event with an external predictor, which is easily observable or available. Such predictor avoids modelling the inter-flood phase and simplifies the parametrization and the calibration of the model. The selected model combines a distributed SCS production function and a Lag and Route transfer function, applied to a discretization of the basin in a grid of regular square meshes.The model was first tested on the Real Collobrier watershed. This Mediterranean basin has been monitored by IRSTEA for more than 50 years and has an exceptional density of rainfall and flow measurements. This favourable environment made it possible to reduce the uncertainties on the rainfall input and to evaluate the actual performances of the model. In such conditions, the floods were correctly simulated by using constant parameters for all the events, but the initial condition of the event-based model. This latter was highly correlated to predictors such as the base flow or the soil water content w2 simulated by the SIM model of Meteo-France. The model was then applied by reducing the density of the rain gauges, showing loss of accuracy of the model and biases in the model parameters for lower densities, which are representative of most of the catchments.The spatial variability of the model parameters was then studied in different Real Collobrier sub-basins. The comparison made it possible to highlight and correct the scale effect concerning one of the parameters of the transfer function. The catchment saturation predictors and the initial condition of the model were still highly correlated, but the relationships differed from some sub-catchments. Finally, the spatial variability of the model parameters was studied for other larger Mediterranean catchments, of which area ranged from some tenth to hundreds of square kilometres. Once more, the model could be efficiently initialized by the base flow and the water content w2, but significant differences were found from a catchment to another. Such differences could be explained by uncertainties affecting as well the rainfall estimation as the selected predictors. However, the relationships between the initial condition of the model and the water content w2 were close together for a given type of catchment.In conclusion, this distributed event model represents an excellent compromise between performance and ease of implementation. The performances are satisfactory for a given catchment or a given type of catchment. The transposition of the model to ungauged catchment is less satisfactory, and other catchment saturation indicators need to be tested, e.g. in situ measurements or satellite measurements of soil moisture
Dolcine, Leslie. "Prévision quantitative à très courte échéance de la pluie : modèle global adapté à l'information radar." Grenoble 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10067.
Full textLaunay, Tristan. "Méthodes Bayésiennes pour la prévision de consommation d’électricité." Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT2074.
Full textIn this manuscript, we develop Bayesian statistics tools to forecast the French electricity load. We first prove the asymptotic normality of the posterior distribution (Bernstein-von Mises theorem) for the piecewise linear regression model used to describe the heating effect and the consistency of the Bayes estimator. We then build a a hierarchical informative prior to help improve the quality of the predictions for a high dimension model with a short dataset. We typically show, with two examples involving the non metered EDF customers, that the method we propose allows a more robust estimation of the model with regard to the lack of data. Finally, we study a new nonlinear dynamic model to predict the electricity load online. We develop a particle filter algorithm to estimate the model et compare the predictions obtained with operationnal predictions from EDF
Benizri, Emile. "Mise au point d'un modèle de simulation et de prévision de la rouille brune du blé." Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT011A.
Full textGodbillon, Brigitte. "Modèle d'équilibre séquentiel avec prévision parfaite et horizon fini pour une économie avec monnaie et banque." Aix-Marseille 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX32019.
Full textThis thesis develops a sequence equilibrium model with perfect foresight and finite horizon for an economy with money and bank, composed of a finite number of agents. The agents live all the periods of the economy ; each agent receives, at the outset of the economy, an endowment of money, and at the beginning of the unique good available in the period. Only the bank can issue money. At each date, two competitive markets open successively. The first is the financial market where agents' lending and borrowing are centralized by the bank : agents' lending and borrowing plans depend on the discount rate. In the last period, all debts are settled. The bank manages the money stock through either open market policy or discount rate policy. The second market is the spot market where agents trade the consumption good available in the period with the money accumulated before the opening of the market ; these trades plans depend on the consumption good and money. The set of markets is incomplete and the money is the only asset which is traded in all markets. At the out set of the first period, the agents and the bank, assumed to have perfect foresight for all future prices, make their plans for all the duration of the economy : plans of consumptions and monetary holdings for the agents, plans of variations of the stock of money for the bank. Then, the equilibrium is a sequence of prices of consumption goods and money, of discount rates, of issues of money, of plans for which agents' and bank's supplies and demands are balanced on all the markets, at each period. The equilibrium reached depends of the monetary policy. The supplies and demands of agents result from a maximisation behavior of their utility function subject to a sequence of budget constraints (for the spot markets) and to a terminal solvability constraint (for the financial markets). The supplies and demands of the bank result from a passive behavior of adjusting to the need of finance in the economy. This model permits to obtain some results on the neutrality of money, on the efficiency and existence of non monetary or monetary sequence equilibria, depending to the monetary policy chosen by the bank
Dubois, Éric. "Économie politique et prévision conjoncturelle : construction d'un modèle macroéconométrique avec prise en compte des facteurs politiques." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010069.
Full textKharroubi, Ouissem. "Prévision des crues par modèle de réseau de neurones artificiels : application au bassin versant de l’Eure." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10034/document.
Full textThe growth of riparian populations generates an increase in vulnerability of our societies to flood. Therefore, a high social demand to prevent and predict these natural disasters must be tacking to protect the population against floods. To achieve this objective, the provision of flood forecasting tools, operational and reliable, is primordial. But the flood forecasting still an exercise far from being evident. Firstly, because the forecast requirements (precision and time anticipation) are becoming more and more higher. And secondly, because the physical flood forecasting tools is limited by the relative knowledge of floods hydro-systems. In this context, this thesis presents the work done to produce rainfall-runoff flood forecasting models based on artificial neural networks (ANN) in the Eure watershed (and two sub-basins) up to a 48 hours horizon forecasting. Firstly, an analysis of the geographical complexity of studied basins will be conducted in order to determine the different factors that influencing the hydrological Eure watershed regime. Then, a methodological process to data statistical analysis, has allowed a synthesis on the hydrological nature of the watersheds studied and brings the elements needed to the definition of the non-linear relations rainfall-runoff. This contribution has allowed the creation of a rainfall-runoff nonlinear model for flood forecasting. ANN model able to perform a reliable forecasting of flood up to a 48 hours horizon forecasting. This process has been tested on three watersheds and the test results show a reliable forecasts as well as an ability of generalization to other hydro-systems
Peton, Nicolas. "Méthode du groupement par soustraction pour l'identification de modèle flou : amélioration et application à la prévision de la polution atmosphérique." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20158.
Full textBergot, Thierry. "Modélisation du brouillard à l'aide d'un modèle 1D forcé par des champs mésoéchelle : application à la prévision." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30281.
Full textLemoyne, François. "L'équilibre général et la prévision énergétique : étude du modèle d'analyse des politiques liées à l'énergie au Canada." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30059/30059.pdf.
Full textGermain, Jérémy. "Évaluation des capacités prédictives d’un modèle avancé pour la prévision de la tenue de plaques stratifiées perforées." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASN004.
Full textThis work focuses on laminated composite open-hole tensile strength prediction, with a new generation carbon/epoxy material. This PhD takes part in a project named MARCOS, led by ONERA and DASSAULT AVIATION.It aims at proposing a fair level of complexity approach to predict laminated composite open-hole tensile strength in order to reduce design office criteria conservatism and performing its validation on industrial test cases. Open-hole tensile test and analysis available in the scientific literature show that matrix cracking and delamination are two mechanisms acting on final failure. We will first perform a mechanical test campaign to characterize the studied material. A material model, written at the ply scale will be proposed.Damage is described thanks to a crack density variable, the model identification will rely on the experimental test results.Numerical difficulties occurring in finite-element computations using advanced approaches will be investigated.Then, an experimental open-hole tensile test campaign led by ONERA and DASSAULT AVIATION, will exhibit a hole size effect, as commonly observed on composite materials, but also a width effect. The width effect consists in a strength increase when the ratio between the open-hole width and the hole diameter is greater than 5 Very few studies focused on the width effect, hence, it will be investigated. We will then use the important instrumentation used on these test to explain this effect and evaluate the proposed approach predictive capabilities
Destouches, Mayeul. "Prise en compte des hydrométéores dans un schéma d'assimilation variationnel ensembliste appliqué au modèle de prévision AROME." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30268.
Full textInitialization of hydrometeor variables is a major challenge in convective-scale numerical weather prediction. This PhD thesis aims at analyzing these hydrometeors in the ensemble variational data assimilation scheme (3DEnVar) recently implemented for the prediction model AROME. This scheme uses an ensemble of forecasts to sample background error covariances. To filter these covariances, optimal localization has been diagnosed using an objective method based on the ensemble statistics only. Heterogeneity and discontinuities of hydrometeor fields have been tackled to perform these diagnoses. Optimal localization depends on model variable, model level and weather situation; a specific localization is advocated for hydrometeor variables. Cycled data assimilation experiments were then performed over a three-month summer period to assess the impact of proposed changes. Precipitation, cloud cover and surface pressure forecasts are significantly improved when hydrometeor are added to the control variables. A new variable-dependent localization scheme is tested, but show neutral impact. Better results were obtained with scale-dependent localization
Allain, Gwenhael. "Modélisation biophysique pour la prévision du recrutement : Couplage stochastique d'un modèle individu-centré de croissance larvaire avec un modèle hydrodynamique 3D pour développer un indice de recrutement de l'anchois dans le golfe de Gascogne." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NSARH056.
Full textExploited fish populations are dependent on recruitement (i. E. Size of the new year class) to sustain their abundance. Recruitment variations are related to hydroclimatic variations and may accentuate the detrimental effects of fishing. Recruitment prediction requires accurate fischeries oceanographic tools which are expected to be more reliable than large-scale correlation analyses between fish abundance and climate variables. Recruitment is the result of the integration over a season and large oceanic areas of precessses affecting larval survival which are dependent on small-scale mechanisms. Hydrodynamic models are a tool to perform this integration. This thesis aims at exploring and modelling physical-biological interaction mechanisms in order to provide recruitment predictions usable for fisheries management. This thesis integrates into general scientific problematics in ecology, variability analysis and spacetime scale integration. It is applied to the case of Anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay, and important social and economic resource for Spain in France. Due to the short life of the species the fisheries mainly relies on the success of annual recruitement
Court, Germain. "Prévision objective de la rupture ductile en grandes déformations sous sollicitation dynamique : Modèle d'épuisement plastique à taux limités." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00341991.
Full textCourt, Germain. "Prévision objective de la rupture ductile en grandes déformations sous sollicitation dynamique : Modèle d’épuisement plastique à taux limités." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00341991/fr/.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to propose a robust modelling for ductile materials allowing the performance of numerical simulations up to failure without mesh dependency. The approach relies on model with bounded rate variable (time localization limiter) : failure is considered as a high dynamic phenomenon and models with bounded rate aim at controlling this dynamic effect. A model dedicated to ductile failure is proposed and allows simulating accurately with finite strain approach (necking) both crack initiation and crack propagation of metallic structures dynamically solicited. The main advantage of the model is that it is local and also leads to standard F. E. Code development. The main drawback is that a dynamic resolution is required, at least for the failure process. Simulations in plane stress performed with ABAQUS/Explicit and with the enhanced model confirm the theoretical conclusions and the capabilities of the model to provide results without mesh dependency (mesh size and mesh orientation specifically). It is possible to identify a set of parameters thanks to comparisons between those simulations and test results of test coupon with hole, subjected to a dynamic loading, filmed with a high speed camera and analyzed by digital image correlation. The capacity of the model to provide predictive simulations up to failure is then illustrated with comparison between numerical and test results of test coupons without hole
Charfeddine, Ilhem. "Prévision de la morphologie de mélanges de polyoléfines par un modèle micro-rhéologique : Application à des propriétés d'usage." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES019.
Full textFor a long time, the control of the development of polymer blend morphology during processing has received attention because of its great impact on the mechanical, barrier or electrical properties. Polymer blend morphologies can be divided into two groups, dispersed and co-continuous, and they depend on the composition, the rheological behavior of components, the mixing conditions and the interfacial tension.In this study, a predictive model of the type of morphology has been proposed on the basis of topological representations of co-continuous or dispersed phases using a scenario for the morphology development in blends of polyolefin.Relevant parameters of the model were measured. The interfacial tension was measured by rheological methods using the Palierne model, Gramespacher and Meissner approach and ab-initio calculation. The shear rate in the extruder was determined using the Ludovic software. Rheological studies were conducted in oscillatory shear flow. The predictions were compared with experimental results of various polyethylene and polypropylene blends at different compositions, prepared by twin-screw extrusion. Blends were carefully examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), using staining agent to enhance electron density contrast. The characteristic dimensions and interfacial areas as a function of the composition were calculated.The experimental results on the various blends show a good correlation between the interfacial areas, the melt elasticity measured at low frequency and the model prediction. The comparison shows also that Rayleigh disturbances dominate the breakup mechanism.This model was completed by predictive models of mechanical properties: modulus and impact resistance. The mechanical properties calculated by the models were compared to the measurements of tensile and Charpy impact tests. Finally, the effect of the interparticle distance on the impact resistance was also investigated to understand the brittle-tough transition
Masson, Elisa. "Approche multi-échelle de la turbulence : formulation d'un nouveau modèle multi-échelle : application à la prévision du décrochage." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2006AIX22065.pdf.
Full textHui, Chen De. "Adaptation d'un schéma pronostique de paramétrisation de la convection à un modèle de prévision numérique à maille variable." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CLF21198.
Full textLarge, Aurore. "Une meilleure gestion patrimoniale des réseaux d'eau potable : le modèle de prévision du renouvellement à long terme OPTIMEAU." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0086/document.
Full textIn developed countries, drinking water is distributed to households. This comfort requires a long networkwith a high value. To optimize resources and performance, it is important to renew pipe sectionsat the best possible time. This thesis presents the short (1-3 years), medium and long term (> 30 years)models commonly employed. The short-term processes seem quite effective, but long term methods remainrough. The OPTIMEAU model proposes a long-term approach to get a prospective overview ofpipes and improve its management, while remaining connected to the technical practices at short-termlevel. This approach, based on survival statistical models, is tested using actual data of three Europeanwater services : SEDIF (Syndicat des Eaux d’Ile de France), Grand Lyon and eauservice Lausanne inSwitzerland. The originality of this model lies in the estimation of the past decommissioning age distribution,keystone in the construction of eleven indicators related to finance, achievements and futureperformance of water utilities
Chennoufi, Leila. "L' eau et les glissements de terrains : élaboration d'un modèle de prévision du risque : cas de Acquara-Vadoncello, Italie." Paris, ENMP, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENMP1009.
Full textCourtier, Vivien. "Réduction de modèle et simplification de l'intégration de loi de comportement pour la prévision de la durée de vie." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00854149.
Full textBerre, Loïk. "Représentation des covariances spatiales des erreurs de prévision pour une assimilation variationnelle dans un modèle atmosphérique à aire limitée." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30046.
Full textBergeron, Marc-André. "Les données numériques pour la prévision des rendements boursiers : applications de l’outil Google Trends." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66987.
Full textRuiz-Sabariego, Juan-Antonio. "Modèle incrémental de prévision de la durée de vie en fissuration par fatigue : traitement des cycles complexes anisothermes en fatigue-oxydation." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066660.
Full textDupland, Laure. "Modélisation de la turbulence thermique : modèles algébriques pour la prévision des flux de chaleur turbulents." Toulouse, ENSAE, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ESAE0023.
Full textCabrera, Delgado Jorge. "Quelle prise en compte des dynamiques urbaines dans la prévision de la demande de transport ?" Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00877044.
Full textBerthet, Lionel. "Prévision des crues au pas de temps horaire : pour une meilleure assimilation de l'information de débit dans un modèle hydrologique." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00529652.
Full textAndre, Maina. "Proposition d'un modèle de prévision spatio-temporel à court terme de l'ensoleillement global, à partir de trois sites en Guadeloupe." Thesis, Antilles, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANTI0009/document.
Full textCurrently in Guadeloupe, there is 5,92 % of the electric power request covered by the photovoltaic sector and 3,14 % by the wind sector which represents 9,06 % for their accumulated production, according to the OREC report (Regional Monitoring center of Energy and Climate). According to the regional energy plan, the accumulated production of the photovoltaic and the wind energy should represent 14 % of the electric mix in 2020 and 18 % in 2030. To reach the 14 % of the electric mix within the next five years, we need, among other things, to improve forecast for a sustained development of these energies. These research works consisted in bringing new performance results of short-term forecast of the global solar radiation and in giving a finer knowledge of the resource onto three stations in Guadeloupe. The study is based on an analysis and a forecast model of global solar radiation, by including spatial and temporal parameters. The literature shows that an important number of sites is generally used for a spatio-temporal analysis, which would imply for us, to put multiple sensors on the whole territory. The costs of such a system would be considerable. Our approach here will consist in making a spatiotemporal analysis on three stations. With few stations and not uniform distances, we, thus, tried to define a short-term forecast model of global solar radiation, in spite of these constraints which do not answer to a classic approach. The model is based on a methodology the VAR ( Autoregressive Vector) including spatial and temporal parameters. A strategy of selection of variables is developed to select useful predictors (stations) for the forecast on localization. This iterative strategy, on one hand will allow being closer to the reality, on the other hand to the point of algorithmic view, the trend of the calculations will be faster. Preliminarily, a study of the spatiotemporal variability of global solar radiation, allowed to quantify and to characterize in a fine way, the dynamic interactions between these three stations. Compared with the models of the literature, our forecast model shows a good performance with relative RMSE values going from 17.48 % to 23.79 % for horizons from 5 min to 1 hour. The developed methodologies could eventually offer an opportunity to assure guarantees to the network manager. If in the future the successful solutions of forecast became widespread, this opportunity would allow the opening of the market beyond the 30 % threshold imposed at present
Privat, Anne-Gisèle. "L'avenir des retraites en France : évaluation de l'impact des réformes de 1993 à 2003 à l'aide du modèle de microsimulation ARTEMIS." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2005. http://spire.sciences-po.fr/hdl:/2441/f4rshpf3v1umfa09lat214kj4.
Full textBois, Christophe. "Mesure et prévision de l'évolution des endommagements dans les composites stratifiés." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005264.
Full textLavoie, Charles. "Changement de cible d'inflation dans un modèle d'équilibre général dynamique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26574/26574.pdf.
Full textBoynard, Anne. "Exploitation des observations satellitaires IASI couplées à un modèle régional pour l'amélioration de la prévision des épisodes de pollution en ozone." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00489656.
Full textJecker, Loïc. "Prévision de la transition bypass à l’aide d’un modèle à énergie cinétique laminaire basé sur la dynamique des modes de Klebanoff." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ESAE0026/document.
Full textThis work aims to develop a new bypass-transition prediction model based on the Klebanoff modes dynamics. To represent these mode dynamics the Laminar Kinetic Energy (LKE) concept has been chosen, in order to model these mode energy with a new variable. A new deffinition is given to the LKE and a transport equation consequently derived to describe the Klebanoff modes growth and destabilisation. This equation is incorporated in a k-omega turbulence model as done by Walters & Cokljat, to give a three-equation kL-kT-omega formulation. This new model is written in a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) pattern and only uses local variables, it thus can be used in an industrial context
Ngo, Tien-Tung. "Influence de la composition des bétons sur les paramètres de pompage et validation d'un modèle de prévision de la constante visqueuse." Cergy-Pontoise, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CERG0404.
Full textA concrete is known as "pumpable" when it is ready to be set up using a pump. The "pumpability" of a concrete can be characterized by its ability "to flow as well as possible" in a pipe until the final place while remaining homogeneous during pumping. The researchers in the pumping field showed all the main key of frictions on the interface between concrete and pipes wall. These frictions are directly related to the composition of the boundary layer formed in the vicinity of the wall. It is strongly dependant on the concrete composition parameters. In order to highlight this relation, we initially developed and validated an apparatus measuring the friction called concrete tribometer. This apparatus simple use on the building sites enabled us to study in parallel the boundary layer composition and the influence of the concrete compositional parameters, on the viscous constant and yield stress. The results enabled us to highlight the paramount role on frictions, played by fine particles of size below 0. 25 mm. The studies relating to the influence of E/C ratio (water/cement), the paste volume, G/S ratio (aggregates on sand), the paste thickness, superplasticizer proportioning, and various fine particles incorporation in the composition permit us to release sufficient results. This database allowed us to propose and validate a model to calculate the viscous constant of fluid concrete. The validation was done to all the current concretes except those which contain either too many coarse aggregates or incorporate silica fume