Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modèle de complexité intermédiaire'
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Roche, Didier. "Isotopes de l'oxygène en paléoclimatologie : l'apport d'un modèle de complexité intermédiaire." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066352.
Full textThual, Sulian. "Modèles réduits pour l'étude des mécanismes et de la modulation de l'oscillation australe El Niño." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1821/.
Full textThe El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most intense climatic fluctuation on Earth after the seasonal cycle. The observation, understanding and forecast of this fluctuation with worldwide impacts are major scientific issues. This thesis (entitled "Simple Models for Understanding the Mechanisms and Modulation of ENSO") documents various aspects of ENSO such as its mechanisms, its modulation and its forecast. Those various aspects are tackled by developing a hierarchy of models of the equatorial Pacific, of increasing complexity, ranging from conceptual models to a data assimilation method in an intermediate complexity model. We study at first mechanisms of ENSO formation. We develop an alternative derivation of the recharge/discharge conceptual model where ENSO arises from a basin-wide adjustment of the equatorial thermocline. We also implement an original diagnostic in a model of equatorial coupled instabilities, which evidences a new mechanism of ENSO formation where reflections at the ocean boundaries are secondary. The background ocean stratification contributes to the decadal modulation of ENSO characteristics. This relation is adressed in a new reduced model that takes into account the gravest baroclinic modes of a continusouly stratified ocean. The space of model solutions is explored, indicating a control on ENSO stability by characteristics of the equatorial thermocline. The sensitivity to stratification over the recent decades is put in perspective with the sensitivity to thermodynamic and atmospheric feedbacks. We stress in particular certain limitations of usual methods of estimation of the thermocline feedback in the central Pacific. Finally, we implement an Ensemble Kalman Filter method in an already existing intermediate model of the equatorial Pacific, in order to assimilate sea level observations and to initialize retrospective forecasts. We show that the major model constraint is on the basin modes that are associated to the recharge/discharge process of the equatorial Pacific. Our work provides a formalism to diagnose the modulation of ENSO characteristics in observations, climate projections and forecasts. Results support the need to extent the understanding of ENSO mechanisms, in order to account for the diversity of observed regimes and to improve forecasts
Gomes, Hélène. "Gestion écosystémique et durabilité des pêcheries artisanales tropicales face aux changements globaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Guyane, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022YANE0004.
Full textGlobal changes induce high pressure on marine ecosystems, biodiversity and fisheries. In thatregard many scientists advocate the use of an ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM).However, the operationalization of such an ecosystem-based approach remains challenging. Thisthesis gives insight into the operationalization of EBFM for tropical coastal fisheries. To achievethat we propose a multi-species, multi-fleet and multi-criteria model of intermediate complexity(MICE), taking into account the impacts of global changes. The model is calibrated for theGuyanese small-scale coastal fishery. At local scale, global warming, the increase of populationand the variations of mangrove surface are considered as the main drivers of global changes.From the calibrated model, several fishing management strategies and environmental scenariosare compared in the long-run. In this context, the first results published (chapter 3) show thedetrimental impact of climate change on both marine biodiversity and fishery production. Thispaper also highlights the major role of ecological competition between species. Then, in thechapter 4, by comparing the bio-economic results obtained under each fishing managementstrategy, this research demonstrates the interest of Ecoviability strategies in terms ofsustainability and ecologico-economic reconciliation. The last results displayed in this thesis, inchapter 5, underline the positive impact of mangrove on ecologico-economic sustainability of thecoastal fishery, even if it is insufficient to balance the negative impact of warming. Beyond theseresults, this thesis brings a series of important transverse contributions. First, methodologically,this research permits to show the benefits of MICE to operationalize EBFM. Then, by highlightingthe major ecological factors of the ecosystem with on the one hand the interaction ofcompetition and on the other hand the environmental filters, the work sheds light on theecological complexities necessary for the EBFM. Finally, by evaluating and comparing theecologico-economic performances of several fishing strategies, this research permits to outlinepolicy recommendations to move towards the sustainability of the Guyanese coastal fishery andtowards EBFM, in the face of global changes
Corson, Nathalie. "Dynamique d'un modèle neuronal, synchronisation et complexité." Phd thesis, Université du Havre, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00453912.
Full textOspina-Zamudio, Juan David. "Complexité chimique des protoétoiles de masse intermédiaire : une étude de Cep E-mm." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY013/document.
Full textIntermediate-mass stars (2 M⊙ ≤ M ≤ 10 M⊙) are among the dominant sources of FUV interstellar field in the Galaxy. They regulate the phases of interstellar medium and the whole process of galactic star formation. While solar-type and massive protostars have been and continue to be the subject of many studies, the formation of intermediate stars has been relatively little studied. Their physical structure, chemical composition and molecular richness are still a subject to explore.The aim of my thesis is to obtain a detailed census, as complete as possible ,of the physical and chemical structure of an isolated intermediate-mass protostar: Cep E-mm (100 L⊙).I have completed a spectral survey of the molecular emission in the (sub)millimetre bands between 72 and 350 GHz with IRAM 30m telescope. The sensitivity of the observations made it possible to identify the presence of numerous complex organic molecules (COMs) in the protostar envelope, but also several unusual molecular species in the protostellar jet. Additionally, further observations with the IRAM 30m telescope made it possible to map the molecular emission at large scale (20’’ to 11’’; 15000 to 8000 AU). In parallel, interferometric maps of the molecular emission between 86 – 90 GHz and 216 – 220 GHz were obtained with NOEMA, the IRAM interferometer, at 1.4’’ (1000 AU) of angular resolution. These observations allowed me to obtain the distribution of molecular emission within the source, from large scales in the outer parts of the extended envelope, to the small scales in the hot corino region. The single-dish and interferometric observations were reduced and analysed in a meticulous manner. More precisely, I identified and separated the molecular emission contribution from the different physical regions as observed with the IRAM 30m telescope. I have identified and characterized fours physical components that differ in their spectroscopic properties and excitation conditions: the extended envelope, the hot corino, the bipolar outflow and the high-velocity jet. Finally, the anisotropy of the brightness distribution from the outflow system cannot be modelled by the “classical” Gaussian approach. I have developed specific tools to estimate, in a semi-analytical manner, the coupling between the telescope lobe and the source
Senot, Maxime. "Modèle géométrique de calcul : fractales et barrières de complexité." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00870600.
Full textGiraud, Françoise. "Complexité et responsabilité : à la recherche d'un modèle émergent." Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090022.
Full textPerifel, Sylvain. "Problèmes de décision et d'évaluation en complexité algébrique." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENSL0430.
Full textIn this thesis we are essentially interested in questions concerning algebraic complexity classes of decision problems and of evaluation problems. More precisely, we study on the one hand the model of Blum, Shub and Smale (BSS) for the recognition of languages over arbitrary structures thanks to algebraic circuits, and on the other hand the model of Valiant for the computation of polynomials thanks to arithmetic circuits. Our results show that in order to separate complexity classes, it is easier to work on evaluation problems, that is, in Valiant's model. This confirms our intuition that, the model being simpler (there are no test gates), lower bounds should be easier to obtain. In particular, we show two transfer results. The first concerns the algebraic versions of P and NP: over a field of characteristic zero, the separation of P and NP in BSS model thanks to problems in NP "without multiplication" implies the separation of P and NP in Valiant's model. The second concerns the question "P=PSPACE?": after defining analogues of PSPACE in both algebraic models, we show that separating P and PSPACE, over the reals or over the complex field, is easier in Valiant's model. More succinctly, we also study the manipulation by Turing machines of polynomials given by arithmetic circuits. Indeed, this way of encoding polynomials can be much shorter than the list of monomials. But the study of two examples (computing the coefficient of a monomial and computing the degree of a polynomial) shows that the manipulation of polynomials given by circuits is hard, even if their degree is polynomial and if we work over a field of positive characteristic
Macagno, Nicolas. "Biologie des tumeurs conjonctives de malignité intermédiaire : le modèle des tumeurs fibreuses solitaires méningées." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0650.
Full textMesenchymal neoplasms of intermediate malignancy were introduced by the World Health Or-ganization (WHO) classification of soft-tissue and bone tumors. This terminology accounts for a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, which common denominator is to fail usual prognostic approaches. Solitary fibrous tumor, a rare neoplasia, is an interesting model of such tumors with a potential for local recurrence and a low risk of metastasis. In this context, the main goal of this work was to define the biology of these neoplasms, using a multimodal approach. Considering their diagnosis, our work confirmed the excellent performance of STAT6 immunohistochemistry and its greater sensitivity compared to targeted RT-PCR. Considering the prognosis, we further specified the clinical, histological and molecular parameters that impact survival: surgical margin, mitotic index and necrosis. We revised the criteria of the Marseille Grading Scheme (MGS) accordingly, which resulted in high prognosis value for meningeal forms. Our results point that the whole spectrum is of intermediate malignancy as long as the follow-up is sufficient to allow detection of delayed adverse events. Our works also showed that the type of NAB2-STAT6 tran-script and the mutation of TERT promoter do not carry an independent prognostic value, albeit certain types of transcripts were associated with particular clinical and histological criteria. To conclude, the diagnosis and prognosis assessment of solitary fibrous tumors can be based on accessible histological criteria albeit their prognosis assessment is not fully satisfactory yet
Baumler, Raphaël. "La sécurité de marché et son modèle maritime : entre dynamiques du risque et complexité des parades : les difficultés pour construire la sécurité." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EVRY0024/document.
Full textModels of development, capitalism and industrialism are also big dynamics of risk by their ability altering social world. At the level of firms, innovation and competition requires ongoing adjustment. Subject to their owners, companies focus on financial risk. Other risks are subordinate to the primary target. The dynamics of risk are changing the firm at the rate of external demands. The competition justifies harmful cost reductions and destabilizing re-engineering. The aim of safety is to reduce the uprising conditions of risk. Safety is a complex social building. Locally, safety seems a melt of man and tools within an organization. Overall, control of the safety is a challenge between risk and cost in the unit. Between cost and efficiency, management makes its own choice. As the shipowner and his vessel, the factory management has the keys to safety. It arbitrates between budgets and plays competition between territories. Ensuring impunity, equivalence and non-discrimination, international law guarantees competition between all States and flags. With globalization, we entered the era of the safety market. Safety is one of the production factors in global competition. Business leaders incorporate it into their overall strategies. With this factor in mind they choose their factories geographical location but also the allocation of budgets inside the firm. In selecting safety participants, the Executive create a unique picture of what safety is that corresponds to their paradigms. The rebuilding of safety in production units is played locally but also globally and by discovering the complexities of the dynamics of risk and the way of building safety
Roussel, Olivier. "Génération aléatoire de structures ordonnées par le modèle de Boltzmann." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066282.
Full textUniform random generation is a central issue in combinatorics. Indeed, random sampling is virtually connected to all parts of combinatorics, whether to exact or asymptotic enumeration, or to the experimental verification of conjectures. Various methods have been developed in order to efficiently solve that issue. Boltzmann model is among them. This method, relaxing some constraints about the size of the object being currently generated, ensures a linear complexity in many actual cases, and can easily be automatized for various combinatorial classes. This thesis aims at enlarging the set of such admissible classes, while keeping the nice properties of linear complexity and ease of automation. The first part is devoted to the presentation of the Boltzmann model and existing Boltzmann samplers, and the study of their properties and mathematical foundations. In the second part, we introduce our idea of biasing those samplers in order to enlarge their range of validity. Firstly, we present a general extension, and then specialize it to several combinatorial operations such as the derivation, the shuffle product or the unpointing operation. Finally, we present a uniform random sampler for the Hadamard product. We highlight our algorithms through this thesis with examples and experimental results, illustrating the efficiency of our methods
Stöcker, Jan. "Un modèle intermédiaire pour la vérification des systèmes asynchrones embarqués en temps réel : définition et application du langage ATLANTIF." Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0084.
Full textThe validation of real-life critical systems raises the challenge of being able to formally model and verify complex data, synchronous concurrency, and real-time aspects simultaneously. High-Ievellanguages, such as those inheriting from the theoretical foundations of process algebras, provide a concise syntax and a high expressive power regarding these aspects. Yet, they lack software tools enabling the application of efficient model checking algorithms. On the other hand, such tools exist for graphical, lower level, models such as timed automata (e. G. , UPPAAL) and time Petri nets (e. G. , TINA). Intermediate models are a key to bridge the gap between languages and graphical models. For instance, NTIF (New Technology Intermediate Format) was proposed to represent untimed sequential processes that handle complex data. Ln this thesis, we propose a new model named ATLANTIF, which extends NTIF with real-time constructs and parallel compositions of sequential processes. Their synchronization is expressed in a simple and intuitive way using the new notion of synchronizers. We show that ATLANTIF is capable of expressing the main constructs of high-Ievellanguages. We also present translators from ATLANTIF to timed automata (for verification using UPPAAL) and to time Petri nets (for verification using TINA). Thus, ATLANTIF extends the class of systems that can practically be formally verified, which we iIIustrate along an example
Thual, Sulian. "Modèles réduits pour l'etude des mécanismes et de la modulation de l'oscillation australe El Niño." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00772756.
Full textFaye, El Hadji Malick. "Complexité attributionnelle et exactitude des attributions : appréciation du modèle de perception du leadership en Afrique sub-saharienne." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1230/document.
Full textThis thesis proposes an empirical test of the leadership attribution model based on the observation of leader-subordinate dyads in Senegal and France. This model focuses on key constructs such as attributional complexity and leader attribution accuracy, resulting behaviors, mediating variables such as subordinate satisfaction, performance corrective strategies, and outcome variables such as leadership perceptions. The model is tested using hierarchical regressions of direct effects and mediating effects of biased allocations. Our intention is to test the relationships from a sample of auditors in continuingeducation of higher education (in Senegal and France) and to determine according to our model and our research hypotheses, which constructs contribute the most to explain the attributional complexity of the leaders. This leads us to study the direct influence of the accuracy of the attributions, the effect of the corrective strategies and the satisfaction of the subordinates on the perception of the leadership. We will also test the role of biased assignments on the two mediating variables. Hypotheses are strongly corroborated. The attributional complexity of leaders is linked to the accuracy of their attributions, as perceived by their subordinates. The performance correction strategies developed by leaders have beenlinked to accurate attribution and then to key outcome variables. We analyze the results as well as the limits and future directions of the research. The managerial contributions are twofold: on the one hand, to take into account in the process of recruiting leaders their ability to adopt a complex attributional approach and, on the other hand, to train them to better support their subordinates
Meunier, Pierre-etienne. "Les automates cellulaires en tant que modèle de complexités parallèles." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770175.
Full textSöderberg, Joakim. "Modèle de Markov caché multidimensionnelle [sic] appliqué aux images et à l'analyse vidéo." Paris, ENST, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENST0002.
Full textRecent progress and prospects in cognitive vision, multimedia, human-computer interaction, communications and the Web call for, and can profit from applications of advanced image and video analysis. Image classification is perhaps the most important part of digital image analysis. The objective is to identify and portray the visual features occurring in an image in terms of differentiated classes or themes. Traditional classification methods analyses independent blocks of an image, which results in a context-free formalism. However there is a fairly wide-spread agreement that observations should be presented as collections of features which appear in a given mutual position or shape. We therefore employ a new efficient algorithm that models context in images by a 2-D hidden Markov model (HMM). The difficulty with applying a 2-D HMM to images is the computational complexity which grows exponentially with the number of image blocks. The main technical contribution of this thesis is a way of estimating the parameters of a 2-D HMM in O(whN^2) complexity instead of O(wN^2h), where N is the number of states in the model and (w,h) is the width respectively height of the image. We investigate the performance of our proposed model (DT HMM) , and search for its point of operation. In an effort to introduce both global and local context in the model, the DT HMM was extended to multiple image resolutions. The results indicate that earlier recorded deficiency can be conquered and that its performance can be compared with other known algorithms. We finally demonstrate the versatility of the model by presenting applications such as; classification, segmentation and object tracking
Albert, Luc. "Quelques analyses de complexité en moyenne sur les algorithmes de multi-filtrage, d'unification et de requête multiple." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112226.
Full textSavary, Aymerick. "Détection de vulnérabilités appliquée à la vérification de code intermédiaire de Java Card." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9584.
Full textFine, Lionel. "Processus et méthodes d'adaptation et d'idéalisation de modèles dédiés à l'analyse de structures mécaniques." Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPG0056.
Full textKibangou, Alain Y. "Modèles de volterra à complexité réduite : estimation paramétrique et application à l'égalisation des canaux de communication." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00190985.
Full textAlhadeff-Jones, Michel. "Education, critique et complexité : modèle et expérience de conception d'une approche multiréférentielle de la critique en Sciences de l'éducation." Paris 8, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA082800.
Full textTaking as a starting point, the diversity of conceptions of critique developed in the academic field (in philosophy, sociology, literature, esthetics, etc. ) this thesis aims to reconsider the assumptions, which ground the understanding of this notion and the fragmentation of its study in Educational Sciences. Based on a constructivist, complex and multireferential epistemology, two perspectives are proposed. First, notions associated to the idea of critique are macro-conceptualized and organized through a model (teleology, ecology, ontology, fonctiology and genealogy of critique). Second, the biographical experience of the author is considered in order to make explicit the learning involved in the process of conjugating heterogeneous conceptions of critique. Such an approach provides a point of view allowing for a consideration of both the plural development of critical frames of thought and the development of those who participate in their production
Briquel, Irénée. "Complexité de problèmes de comptage, d'évaluation et de recherche de racines de polynômes." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00677977.
Full textParpaleix, Laure-Anne. "Le capital-investissement peut-il soutenir durablement la croissance des entreprises ? Etude, modèle et conditions d’un capital-régénération." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM022/document.
Full textPrivate equity seems to play a key role in firms’ growth. However, the relationship between investment and growth remains poorly understood. Moreover, in recent years, doubts have arisen regarding the correlation between financial valuation and firms’ long-term and virtuous development - especially for mature firms. With a focus on French medium-sized companies (“ETI”), this thesis shows that a specific kind of private equity - that we propose to call “regeneration capital”- could be better conceptualized in order to support firms’ sustainable economic growth and to empower public policy with respect to corporate funding. Regeneration capital, unlike usual private equity asset class, is less related to the firm’s life cycle stage than to the nature of targeted growth. Rather than increasing the performance of existing products, this type of growth emerges from another growth dynamic, that we call “generative growth”, which results from the regeneration of the firm’s products and resources. Based on an analysis of the financial needs of medium-sized companies, as well as on an in-depth case study of medium-sized firms extracted from Bpifrance's investment portfolio, the thesis demonstrates that the growth shortage of medium-sized firms is not due to an equity gap. Empirical evidence rather suggests a lack of valuation of generative growth by traditional investment models. Drawing on existing data, the thesis hence investigates how investors’ financial analysis can be enhanced by integrating an assessment of firms’ innovation capabilities and of the return promises of yet unknown product to be developed. We then discuss the principles but also the risks and prerequisites of regeneration capital. This model not only explains part of medium-sized firms’ difficulties to grow but opens new perspectives on the relationship between corporate finance and design theories
Mathy, Fabien. "L' apprenabilité des concepts évaluée au moyen d'un modèle multi-agent de la complexité des communications en mémoire de travail." Reims, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REIML007.
Full textThis dissertation reports a study on the compressibility of information in working memory in order to define a metric of communicational complexity. In the multi-agent system described, the work of each agent represents that of a working memory unit. The multi-agent system cooperatively learns concepts based on Boolean dimensions. The objective of agents is to elaborate common knowledge from distributed one. The present model produces for each concept learned a minimal inter-agent communication protocol describing the processing load in working memory. Communication protocol complexity is seen as the result of two sources of complexity: the number of agents required (i. E. The Kolmogorov complexity) and the number of times these agents are used (i. E. Logical depth). 900 participants, from 4 years old to adulthood, completed rule-based classification tasks in 2, 3 and 4 dimensions. The computation of logical depth and the ordering of communication protocols in a lattice were confirmed
Camara, Baba Issa. "Complexité de dynamiques de modèles proie-prédateur avec diffusion et applications." Phd thesis, Université du Havre, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00460361.
Full textTheyssier, Guillaume. "Automates cellulaires : un modèle de complexités." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00166295.
Full textHosny, Michel. "Tailles et contenus en (G + C) des génomes des glomales. Complexité du génome et polymorphisme des ADN ribosomiques chez une espèce-modèle : Scutellospora Castanea." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOS045.
Full textCharrier, Tristan. "Complexité théorique du raisonnement en logique épistémique dynamique et étude d’une approche symbolique." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. https://ged.univ-rennes1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/2a4b2a55-42ff-4768-9b9e-677421fef507.
Full textWe study the theoretical complexity of reasoning tasks involving knowledge in multi-agent systems. We consider dynamic epistemic logic (DEL) as a natural way of expressing knowledge, which allows to express nested knowledge of agents and partially observed dynamic actions. We show complexity results for model checking and satisfiability of DEL formulas, and define a symbolic approach for these problems. We also study DEL-based planning and quantification over specific actions: public announcements
Le, Coze Jean-Christophe. "De l'investigation d'accident à l'évaluation de la sécurité industrielle : proposition d'un cadre interdisciplinaire (concepts, méthode, modèle)." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00636888.
Full textNicquevert, Bertrand. "Manager l'interface. Approche par la complexité du processus collaboratif de conception, d'intégration et de réalisation : modèle transactionnel de l'acteur d'interface et dynamique des espaces d'échanges." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00789791.
Full textLerat, Julien. "Quels apports hydrologiques pour les modèles hydrauliques ? : vers un modèle intégré de simulation des crues." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00392240.
Full textUne méthode automatisée de découpage du bassin intermédiaire en sous-bassins a d'abord été élaborée afin de faciliter la construction du modèle hydrologique sur les 50 tronçons de rivière. Des tests de sensibilité ont été menés sur le nombre de sous-bassins, la nature uniforme ou distribuée des entrées de pluie et des paramètres du modèle hydrologique. Une configuration à 4 sous-bassins présentant des pluies et des paramètres uniformes s'est avérée la plus performante sur l'ensemble de l'échantillon.
Enfin, une méthode alternative de calcul des apports latéraux a été proposée utilisant une transposition du débit mesuré à l'amont et une combinaison avec le modèle hydrologique.
Goncalves, de Oliveira Eraci. "Membre articulé : modèle anatomique de l'automotricité dans le De motu animalium d'Aristote : un opérateur de la pensée de l'immanence." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H233/document.
Full textThis thesis proposes to reflect on the kinetic character of the analogical method adopted in De Motu Animalium of Aristotle. Considering that the object of the treatise is the common cause of the movement of animais, in general, automotricity is the "thème" while the articulated member is the ''phore" in De Motu's analogical reasoning. Hypothetically we consider that the plastic strategies of the analogical method of De motu are the guiding thread of the reasoning undertaken in the research on the common cause of the motility of ail animal movements. Our general double aim is: on the one hand, to take philosophical acquisitions on the immanent character of the principle of movement, and on the other hand, to grasp the kinetic and plastic character of this philosophical enterprise, which involves dynamic methodological procedures in view of the adaptation of the method to the object. We seek to achieve these objectives through two analyses: first, the analysis of the stages of the establishment of the articulated member paradigm (AMP), and then the analysis of the main analogy of the treatise, between the articulated limb and the animated automotricity. Through the two analyses we must gather the necessary elements to confront the two tenns of the main analogy, as well as to verify the general validity of the thesis and also the consideration according to which the analogical method of De Motu Animalium is a plastic instrument of the thought of immanence
Mermet, Eric. "Aide à l'exploration des propriétés structurelles d'un réseau de transport : conception d'un modèle pour l'analyse, la visualisation et l'exploration d'un réseau de transport." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1037.
Full textA transportation network is a complex spatial system characterized by four dimension types : geometric, topological, metric and relational. Thanks to these dimensions, it is possible to perform analysis situated in between the descriptive analysis of components from databases and functional analysis based on anthropogenic parameters. This analysis called structural helps to emphasize some properties of the network without usage context. It is established on the construction and analysis of indicators based on the relationship generated by the network: the relational indicators. They highlight their relational possibilities ; ie how their structure and spatial organization and topology of their components predispose to connect places in space in more or less easy way. Our work consists of designing a model for analysis and exploration of the structural properties of a transportation network. This type of analysis leads to a combinatorial complexity related to the number of relationships within the network, algorithmic complexity related to the calculation of indicators and visual complexity related to the difficulty to emphasize information. The proposed model aims to supply the user with the exploratory analysis of structural properties of the network by creating exploratory maps. Our model is composed of two parts. The first one allows to prepare static maps of exploration. The second one enables the visual combination of maps based on a graphic language. Both aspects of the model were developed in a prototype software called GeoGraphLab
Batina, Jean de Dieu. "Une nouvelle approche du développement économique des pays d'Afrique noire au regard du modèle des pays du sud-est asiatique." Paris 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA020035.
Full textMarin, Pérez José Aramis. "La construction de la valeur en entrepreneuriat social : proposition d’un modèle pour la conception d’une valeur globale." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0285/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested in understanding how social entrepreneurs create value. Our goal is to model the process of value creation that we observed on a short supply chain project through an action research methodology. The sociology of translation and discourse analysis have been used to take into account the complexity of the definition, the perception and the process of sharing the value of a social enterprise project. We want to demonstrate that value creation in social entrepreneurship is an interactive, dynamic and complex translation process. It takes into account a multitude of visions and representations on the satisfaction of the needs of each stakeholder that will affect not only the design and the implementation of economic activity, but also their social and environmental impact. We have observed that social entrepreneurs construct the value of their project by identifying a social need, or by committing themselves to a societal ideal that they will incorporate into their values on a personal scale. This adoption process will determine the intentionality of their entrepreneurial action, the sustainability of which will depend on the support of their network and the overall coherence of the organization itself. We therefore proposed, at the field level, the improvement of a heuristic tool to support value creation and, at the theoretical level, a framework for understanding social entrepreneurship based on the actions of entrepreneurs and the perception of their stakeholders
Maurer, Karine. "Étude rhéologique et texturale de dispersions alimentaires : essai de quantification de leur complexité structurale au moyen du concept de géométrie fractale." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1996_MAURER_K.pdf.
Full textAlirol, Servane. "Etude génétique du complexe synaptique lié au récepteur NMDA et caractérisation de modèles à complexité variable dans l'autisme." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR3303/document.
Full textAutism is a developmental disorder of the central nervous system defined by impairments in social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior. Its prevalence is currently estimated at around 1% in the general population. Autism is characterized by a wide heterogeneity at both phenotypic and genetic level. To date, more than 300 candidate genes were characterized either by copy number variations (CNV) and/or nucleotide variations (SNV). Their identification has highlighted a significant contribution of de novo mutations, as well as the involvement of targeted pathophysiological pathways, particularly post-synaptic density (PSD)
Lecoeuvre, Laurence. "Le marketing de projet en situation Business to Business : Etudes de cas et proposition d'un modèle dynamique d'évaluation et de suivi." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00270114.
Full textSix variables - actions déterminantes dans l'avancée du processus de marketing de projet sont mises en avant, ainsi que les ressources internes et externes à mobiliser en fonction des quatre phases de marketing de projet : le marketing hors projet, le marketing en amont du projet, le marketing dans le projet et le marketing hors projet du prochain projet.
Une modélisation du processus de marketing de projet est proposée, qui non seulement permet d'en circonscrire la signification et la valeur, mais aussi en suscite l'opérationnalité.
Le travail mené ici est de type exploratoire. Il est en particulier basé sur l'analyse de trois cas d'entreprises, et est caractérisé par une construction progressive et itérative, avec de constants allers et retours entre l'empirique et le théorique.
Zotkiewicz, Mateusz. "Robust routing optimization in resilient networks : Polyhedral model and complexity issues." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TELE0001/document.
Full textIn the thesis robust routing design problems in resilient networks are considered. In the first part computational complexity of such problems are discussed. The following cases are considered: - path protection and path restoration - failure-dependent and failure-independent restoration - cases with and without stub-release - single-link failures and multiple-link failures (shared risk link group) - non-bifurcated (unsplittable) flows and bifurcated flows For each of the related optimization cases a mixed-integer (in the non-bifurcated cases) or linear programming formulation (in all bifurcated cases) is presented, and their computational complexity is investigated. For the NP-hard cases original NP-hardness proofs are provided, while for the polynomial cases compact linear programming formulations (which prove the polynomiality in the question) are discussed. Moreover, pricing problems related to each of the considered NP-hard problems are discussed. The second part of the thesis deals with various routing strategies in networks where the uncertainty issues are modeled using the polyhedral model. In such networks two extrema are possible. The simplest in terms of implementation, and simultaneously the least effective strategy, is the robust stable routing. On the other hand, the most effective strategy, i.e., the dynamic routing, is virtually impossible to implement in real world networks. Therefore, the major aim of this part of the thesis is to present novel routing strategies that merge the simplicity of the robust stable routing with the efficiency of the dynamic routing
Andrianandraina. "Approche d'éco-conception basée sur la combinaison de l'analyse de cycle de vie et de l'analyse de sensibilité : Cas d'application sur le cycle de vie du matériau d'isolation thermique biosourcé, le béton de chanvre." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECDN0005.
Full textThe purpose of this PhD thesis is to establish an ecodesign method based on Life Cycle Assessment, that should allow identifying action levers specific for each economic actor of the life cycle of a product, for improved environmental performances. Life Cycle Assessment was coupled with two methods of sensitivity analysis in five steps: (i) definition of objectives and system, (ii) modeling calculation of inventory and impact indicators with different approaches according to foreground and background sub-systems, (iii) characterization of parameters using a typology specific to possibilities of control of the considered economic actor, (iv) application of two sensitivity analysis methods (Morris and Sobol) and (v) results interpretation in order to identify potential efficient improvements. The approach was applied on the hemp concrete insulation product, including agricultural production, industrial transformation of hemp fibers, and use of hemp concrete as a thermal insulator for buildings. The approach provides potential technological scenarios improving environmental performances for each single economic actor of the product’s life cycle. Performing the method presently requires additional information, but will probably be paid back in the future by driving more robust choices for a given product
Rissons, Michel. "Incidence de la complexité du milieu physique et des lois de comportement sur la réponse hydrologique d'un bassin versant : modèle de représentation et de dynamique : application au bassin de la Peyne." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20114.
Full textGrente, Theo. "Caractérisation et programmation en théorie des langages et en logique des classes de complexité efficace des automates cellulaires." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC214.
Full textCellular automata constitute the model of parallel and local computation by excellence.As for any model of parallelism, their programming is known to be difficult. The computingpower of cellular automata, the simplest model of parallelism, is attested by the fact that manysignificant problems are computed in minimal time, called real-time, on cellular automata.The main result of this thesis is the demonstration of exact links (equivalences) between, on onehand, the descriptive complexity, essentially the definability in existential second order logic on Horn formulas, and, on the other hand, the real-time complexity classes of cellular automata.Beyond this characterization in logic of the complexity in minimal time, the thesis establishes a method of parallel programming. This method consists first of all in programming in our Horn ogics the induction solving a problem, then in a second step, in applying an automatic process leading to the program of the cellular automaton solving the problem. To justify the interest of the method, the thesis presents a set of logic programs for a representative variety of classical problems known to be computable in real-time on cellular automata.In addition, we prove various results linking the real time of cellular automata and formal grammars. Typically, any language generated by an algebraic grammar and, more generally, an Okhotin conjunctive grammar, is recognized in real-time on a 2-dimensional cellular automaton
Pellerin, Jeanne. "Prise en compte de la complexité géométrique des modèles structuraux dans des méthodes de maillage fondées sur le diagramme de Voronoï." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01005722.
Full textBraccini, Vivien. "Ingénieries de formation à visée autonomisante et émancipatrice : vers un modèle d'association apprenante : une recherche-action dans le réseau associatif des petits débrouillards." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG040/document.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the training and support of personnel in a not-for-profit association involved in education. At stake is the stabilization of the quality of their activities in order to perpetuate both their projects and their on-going operation. The author postulates a necessary continuity between the culture of the association – marked by its approach to education – and its in-house training. This continuity has led to the adoption of an action-research approach. The recursive analysis of the activities have led to a transposition of Carré’s (2005) “learning” model and produced an ethical framework which guided the design of a multidisciplinary learning model for associations. This model includes a tool adapted from instructional design, aimed at learner empowerment (Poisson 2009). The epistemological and methodological reflection aims at shedding light on action research and links its conditions for success to the emergence of associations as learning organizations
LEVI, Flora. "Etude de l'impact de l'algue envahissante Caulerpa taxifolia sur les peuplements de poissons. Etude approfondie sur une espèce « modèle » : Symphodus ocellatus (Labridae)." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006063.
Full textBriquel, Irénée. "Complexity issues in counting, polynomial evaluation and zero finding." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665782.
Full textKerbrat, Alain. "Méthodes symboliques pour la vérification de processus communicants : étude et mise en oeuvre." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005100.
Full textDuong, Trong Vinh. "On the hydro-mechanical behavior of ancient railway flatforms in term of reinforcement by soil-mixing." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1106/document.
Full textThe present work deals with the behavior of ancient railway sub-structure in France. A statistical study was firstly undertaken on problems occurred in the whole ancient French railway network. The analysis evidenced the particular importance of sub-grade quality for the performance of the sub-structure and the track geometry. Afterwards, an ancient railway line in the West of France was investigated. The analysis showed that the degradation speed of this line was correlated with different parameters such as the nature of sub-grades and the thickness of different layers. An increase trend of degradation speed with the increase in interlayer thickness was identified. The interlayer has a positive impact since it reduces the train-induced stress applied to the sub-grade. The hydro-mechanical behavior of interlayer soil under different conditions (water content, fines content, stress, number of cycles) was investigated. A set of triaxial tests and infiltration tests were performed for this purpose. By analyzing the shear strength properties, the permanent axial strain and the resilient modulus of interlayer soil, we found that the water content and the fines content must be considered together. Adding more fines into the interlayer presents a positive impact under unsaturated conditions thanks to the suction effect, but a negative impact under saturated conditions. The infiltration column tests with drying/wetting cycles showed that the hydraulic conductivity of interlayer soil is governed by fines fraction but did not change significantly with fines content. In order to study the mechanism of interlayer creation and mud pumping, a physical model of 550 mm inner diameter was developed. Soil samples representing the ancient French railway substructure with a ballast layer overlying an artificial silt layer (mixture of crushed sand and kaolin were tested. The effects of monotonic and cyclic loadings, water content and dry unit mass of sub-soil were investigated. It was found that the pore water pressure developed in the sub-soil and the sub-soil stiffness are the key factors for the migration of fine particles or the creation of interlayer/mud pumping. Water is the necessary condition, but it is the soil compressibility that governs the phenomenon to occur
Cabon, Bertrand. "Problèmes d'optimisation combinatoire : évaluation de méthodes de la physique statistique." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ESAE0024.
Full textMatoussi, Oumaima. "Native simulation of MPSoC : instrumentation and modeling of non-functional aspects." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM075/document.
Full textModern embedded systems are endowed with a high level of parallelism and significantprocessing capabilities as they integrate hundreds of cores on a single chip communicatingthrough network on chip. The complexity of these systems and their dedicated softwareshould not be an excuse for long design cycles, even though the design space is enormousand the underlying design decisions are critical. Thus, design space exploration, hard-ware/software co-verification and performance estimation need to be conducted within areasonable amount of time and early enough in the design process to avoid any tardy de-tection of functional or performance deficiencies.Co-simulation platforms are becoming an increasingly important part in design and ver-ification steps. With instruction interpretation-based software simulation platforms beingtoo slow as they model low-level details of the target system, an alternative software sim-ulation approach known as native simulation or host-compiled simulation has gained mo-mentum this past decade. Native simulation consists of compiling the embedded softwareto the host binary format and executing it directly on the host machine. However, this tech-nique fails to reflect the performance of the embedded software and its actual interactionwith the target hardware. So, the speedup gained by native simulation comes at a price,which is the absence of non-functional information (such as time and energy) needed for es-timating the performance of the entire system and ensuring its proper functioning. Withoutsuch information, native simulation approaches are limited to functional validation.Yielding accurate estimates entails the integration of high-level abstract models thatmimic the behavior of target-specific micro-architectural components in the simulation plat-form and the accurate placement of the obtained non-functional information in the high-level code. Back-annotating non-functional information at the right place requires a map-ping between the binary instructions and the high-level code statements, which can be chal-lenging particularly when compiler optimizations are enabled.In this thesis, we propose an annotation framework working at the compiler interme-diate representation level to accurately annotate performance metrics extracted from thebinary code, thanks to a dedicated mapping algorithm. This mapping algorithm is furtherenhanced to deal with aggressive compiler optimizations, such as loop unrolling, that radi-cally alter the structure of the code. Our target architecture being a VLIW processor, we alsomodel at a high level its instruction buffer to faithfully reproduce its timing behavior.The experiments we conducted to validate our mapping algorithm and component mod-els yielded accurate results and high simulation speed compared to a cycle accurate ISS ofthe target platform