Journal articles on the topic 'Modèle de combustion'
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1
DABILGOU, Téré, Oumar SANOGO, S. Augustin Zongo, Tizane Daho, Belkacem Zeghmati, Jean KOULIDIATI, and Antoine BERE. "Modélisation thermodynamique de combustion mono-zone de biodiesels dans un moteur diesel et estimation théorique des émissions potentielles." Journal de Physique de la SOAPHYS 2, no. 1a (February 13, 2021): C20A10–1—C20A10–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.46411/jpsoaphys.2020.01.10.
Abstract:
Dans le présent travail, un modèle thermodynamique de combustion à zone unique pour le carburant diesel et le biodiesel a été mis en oeuvre pour prédire la pression du cylindre afin de mieux comprendre la combustion caractéristique des différents carburants testés dans un moteur diesel et d’analyser les performances caractéristiques d'un même moteur fonctionnant avec différents types de carburants. Il s’est agi également d’évaluer les émissions potentielles de ces carburants lors de leurs combustions dans le moteur diesel. L'évaluation du modèle est faite en fonction de la complexité temporelle, de la complexité spatiale et de la précision de la prédiction à l'aide du programme informatique développé sous MATLAB. Les résultats du présent modèle montrent que les évolutions de la pression du cylindre ainsi que la température du cylindre ont été reproduites avec une bonne précision. En outre, la comparaison entre les paramètres de performance simulés et expérimentaux du moteur a montré une bonne concordance. Les resultatas montrent également des réductions des émissions polluantes avec l’utilisation des carburants alternatifs comparés au diesel.
2
Glangetas, L. "Etude d'une limite singulière d'un modèle intervenant en combustion." Asymptotic Analysis 5, no. 4 (1992): 317–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/asy-1992-5403.
3
Roques, Lionel. "Existence de deux solutions du type front progressif pour un modèle de combustion avec pertes de chaleur." Comptes Rendus Mathematique 340, no. 7 (April 2005): 493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crma.2005.02.023.
4
Abbas, Mohamed, Noureddine Said, and Boussad Boumeddane. "Optimisation d’un moteur Stirling de type gamma." Journal of Renewable Energies 13, no. 1 (October 25, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54966/jreen.v13i1.174.
Abstract:
La nécessité de réduire les émissions de dioxyde de carbone (CO2) a conduit à revaloriser les moteurs à combustion externe fonctionnant selon le cycle de Stirling. Les moteurs Stirling connaissent depuis peu une vogue nouvelle, car ils sont silencieux, non polluants, acceptent tout type de chaleur externe et demandent peu de maintenance. Ce moteur a été utilisé avec succès pour la conversion de l’énergie solaire en électricité par la technologie dite ‘Dish Stirling System’ qui utilise un moteur Stirling placé au foyer d’un concentrateur parabolique. Dans cette étude, une modélisation dynamique d’un moteur Stirling de type gamma basée une approche quasi stationnaire a été présentée. Ce modèle, qui prend en compte les différentes pertes thermiques et mécaniques dont le moteur Stirling est le siège, a conduit à l’écriture d’important système d’équation algébro différentielles. Le programme de calcul développé sous Matlab a permis, dans le but d’améliorer les performances du moteur Stirling, d’optimiser les paramètres géométriques et physiques, tels que la géométrie des échangeurs, la température du réchauffeur et du refroidisseur, les volumes morts et la vitesse de rotation.
5
de Bollivier, Éric. "Les sucreries de La Réunion au cœur de la transition écologique." Annales des Mines - Réalités industrielles Août 2023, no. 3 (August 4, 2023): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rindu1.233.0051.
Abstract:
La filière canne-sucre-rhum-énergie de La Réunion est au cœur du développement d’un ensemble économique lié à l’agriculture, à l’industrie, à l’énergie, à l’environnement ou encore au tourisme. Riche de plus de 200 ans d’histoire et dépassant l’enjeu sucrier, la filière a toujours su innover pour devenir aujourd’hui un véritable modèle d’économie circulaire en synergie avec les autres filières. Pionnière mondiale de la production d’énergie à partir de la canne à sucre, l’industrie sucrière est à l’origine de nombreuses innovations. Aujourd’hui, la bagasse ‒ résidu fibreux obtenu après extraction du sucre ‒ constitue la première source d’énergie renouvelable de l’île. Depuis 2019, la mélasse est également utilisée pour fabriquer de l’éthanol combustible qui alimente la turbine à combustion en service dans le sud de l’île. Au cœur des enjeux de transition écologique, l’industrie sucrière poursuit ses recherches pour augmenter la part de la filière correspondante dans la production d’énergie renouvelable. Les futures avancées techniques devront également garantir la qualité des sucres et les coproduits indispensables aux autres filières, et ainsi permettre de maintenir le rôle essentiel de la filière dans l’atteinte des objectifs du territoire en matière de transition écologique.
6
Cherednichenko, Oleksandr, Serhiy Serbin, and Marek Dzida. "Investigation of the Combustion Processes in the Gas Turbine Module of an FPSO Operating on Associated Gas Conversion Products." Polish Maritime Research 26, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2019-0077.
Abstract:
Abstract In this paper, we consider the issue of thermo-chemical heat recovery of waste heat from gas turbine engines for the steam conversion of associated gas for offshore vessels. Current trends in the development of offshore infrastructure are identified, and the composition of power plants for mobile offshore drilling units and FPSO vessels is analyzed. We present the results of a comparison of power-to-volume ratio, power-to-weight ratio and efficiency for diesel and gas turbine power modules of various capacities. Mathematical modeling methods are used to analyze the parameters of an alternative gas turbine unit based on steam conversion of the associated gas, and the estimated efficiency of the energy module is shown to be 50%. In the modeling of the burning processes, the UGT 25000 serial low emission combustor is considered, and a detailed analysis of the processes in the combustor is presented, based on the application of a 35-reaction chemical mechanism. We confirm the possibility of efficient combustion of associated gas steam conversion products with different compositions, and establish that stable operation of the gas turbine combustor is possible when using fuels with low calorific values in the range 7–8 MJ/kg. It is found that the emissions of NOx and CO during operation of a gas turbine engine on the associated gas conversion products are within acceptable limits.
7
Puri, R., D. M. Stansel, D. A. Smith, and M. K. Razdan. "Dry Ultralow NOx “Green Thumb” Combustor for Allison’s 501-K Series Industrial Engines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 119, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2815568.
Abstract:
This paper describes the progress made in developing an external ultralow oxides of nitrogen (NOx) “Green Thumb” combustor for the Allison Engine Company’s 501-K series engines. A lean premixed approach is being pursued to meet the emissions goals of 9 ppm NOx, 50 ppm carbon monoxide (CO), and 10 ppm unburned hydrocarbon (UHC). Several lean premixed (LPM) module configurations were identified computationally for the best NOx–CO trade-off by varying the location of fuel injection and the swirl angle of the module. These configurations were fabricated and screened under atmospheric conditions by direct visualization through a quartz liner; measurement of the stoichiometry at lean blow out (LBO); measurement of the fuel–air mixing efficiency at the module exit; and emissions measurements at the combustor exit, as well as velocity measurements. The influence of linear residence time on emissions was also examined. An LPM module featuring a radial inflow swirler demonstrated efficient fuel-air mixing and subsequent low NOx and CO production in extensive atmospheric bench and simulated engine testing. Measurements show the fuel concentration distribution at the module exit impacts the tradeoff between NOx and CO emissions. The effect of varying the swirl angle of the module also has a similar effect with the gains in NOx emissions reduction being traded for increased CO emissions. A uniform fuel-air mixture (±2.5 percent azimuthal variation) at the exit of the module yields low NOx (5–10 ppm) at inlet conditions of 1 MPa (~10 atm) and temperatures as high as 616 K (650°F). The combustion efficiency at these conditions was also good (>99.9 percent) with CO and UHC emissions below 76 ppm and 39 ppm, respectively. This LPM module was resistant to flashback, and stability was good as LBO was observed below φ = 0.50. Tests with multiple modules in a single liner indicate a strong intermodule interaction and show lower NOx and CO emissions. The close proximity of adjacent modules and lower confinement in the liner most likely reduces the size of the recirculation zone associated with each module, thereby reducing the NOx formed therein. The CO emissions are probably lowered due to the reduced cool liner surface area per module resulting when several modules feed into the same liner.
8
Ängeby, Jakob, Bert Gustafsson, and Anders Johnsson. "Ignition Control Module for Hydrogen Combustion Engines." MTZ worldwide 84, no. 10 (September 8, 2023): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38313-023-1519-3.
9
Dahlan, A. A., Mohd Farid Muhammad Said, Z. Abdul Latiff, M. R. Mohd Perang, S. A. Abu Bakar, and R. I. Abdul Jalal. "Acoustic Study of an Air Intake System of SI Engine using 1-Dimensional Approach." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 16, no. 1 (March 21, 2019): 6281–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.16.1.2019.14.0476.
Abstract:
Air intake system of an internal combustion engine plays main role in delivering fresh air from the environment to the engine and dampening the sound of the engine combustion process coming from the engine combustion process. In this study, a simulation was conducted to improve the existing air intake system design in terms of acoustic study to have better sound quality by modifying the resonators, air duct and airbox volume of the air intake module. This study implements the 1-dimensional simulation study using commercial software, correlate to the 1.6-liter natural aspirated engine. The objective of this study is to decrease the engine noise at snorkel of the air intake module without losing too much of pressure drop. At the end of this study, the analysis defines the geometry of air intake module with the recommended resonator for fabrication and physical testing. The simulation result shows that the modified air intake module meet the objective and fulfil the performance target.
10
Fulara, Szymon, Maciej Chmielewski, and Marian Gieras. "Variable Geometry in Miniature Gas Turbine for Improved Performance and Reduced Environmental Impact." Energies 13, no. 19 (October 8, 2020): 5230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195230.
Abstract:
A miniature gas turbine (MGT) is proposed as a promising future energy source. Increasingly stringent requirements related to harmful combustible gas emissions and a trend towards improved energy generation efficiency drive the quest for new MGT technologies. Variable geometry systems are promising due to enhanced heat management and flow control. Variable combustor cooling and dilution holes together with the variable area nozzle (VAN) system allow for the improvement of gas turbine performance and reduction in pollutant emissions. The proposed systems are based on hot-section geometry changes, in which the size of the combustion chamber holes and turbine nozzle angle can be adjusted. Component and module experimental research were performed at the Warsaw University of Technology, on an MGT test stand. A significant decrease in fuel consumption (up to 47% reduction) and harmful nitrogen oxide emission reduction (NO–by 78% and NO2–by 82%) were achieved. These results are related to combustor turbine inlet temperature (TIT) increase up to 1230 K. The tests of the variable geometry systems have also shown an impact on gas turbine power and specific fuel consumption.
11
Takasuo, Eveliina, and Sergey Kudriakov. "ICONE15-10065 NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FLAME HYDROGEN COMBUSTION TESTS F8 AND F22 USING CREBCOM AND EDDY BREAKUP COMBUSTION MODELS." Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE) 2007.15 (2007): _ICONE1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicone.2007.15._icone1510_27.
12
N. R. Kartjanov, M. G. Zhumagulov, and S. B. Sadykova. "AERODYNAMIC FLOWS INSIDE GAS TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBER MODULE." Bulletin of Toraighyrov University. Energetics series, no. 4.2021 (November 28, 2021): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.48081/qrfa5104.
Abstract:
The article contains the results of experiments on the research of aerodynamic parameters in the cylindrical module of the combustion chamber in a gas turbine. The intensity of turbulence and flow velocity are considered in the article as the main factors affecting the efficiency of the formation of the fuel-air mixture and, as a consequence, the efficiency of its subsequent combustion. The air flow is studied under isothermal conditions inside two cylindrical channels of different diameters with swirl blades at the inlet. Turbulence intensity and flow velocity are obtained for various points inside the channel. The graphical format for the result presenting was chosen as the most convenient for understanding. The factors influencing the value of intensity and speed are given on the basis of the analysis of experimental data. The study of the structure of the air flow in the channels gives us the opportunity to determine the fuel injection zones. The article may be of interest to researchers and specialists in the field of power and aerodynamics.
13
Pavel, Ioan, Radu Iulian Rădoi, Gabriela Matache, Ana-Maria Carla Popescu, and Kati Pavel. "Experimental Research to Increase the Combustion Efficiency in the Top-Lit Updraft Principle Based Gasifier." Energies 16, no. 4 (February 15, 2023): 1912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041912.
Abstract:
The recovery of vegetal waste for energy purposes is one of the ways to increase the amount of energy obtained from renewable sources. The Top-Lit Updraft (TLUD) gasification and combustion process is recognized as the least polluting of all other combustion processes, resulting in a sterile charcoal called biochar, which can be used as an amendment in agricultural soils. The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of excess air in the combustion area compared to the (theoretical) calculated requirement for a TLUD energy module. Most scientific publications on this topic recommend primary/secondary air flow rate ratios of 1/3 or 1/4. In this study, the two recommended ratios were tested, and it was found that better energy results correspond to the ratio of 1/3. For this 1/3 ratio, the investigations continued in order to optimize the combustion process. The results achieved demonstrate that the excess combustion air flow of 30% improves the performance of the energy module due to the increase in oxygen supply and the increase in air speed in the combustion area of the syngas resulting from gasification. Increasing the excess combustion air flow rate by +50% had the effect of lowering the temperature in the flame due to the cooling of the combustion gases caused by a too high rate of excess cold air flow.
14
Jin, Yu Sen, Jian Sheng Lin, and Ze Shuang Yan. "Simulation of the HCCI Combustion Based on Single-Zone Combustion Model." Advanced Materials Research 605-607 (December 2012): 1335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.605-607.1335.
Abstract:
A single-zone HCCI combustion model coupled with chemical reaction kinetics mechanisms was set up by AVL-BOOST and CHEMKIN module based on a variable lift and timing (VLT) gasoline. In order to achieve HCCI combustion, the negative valve overlap (NVO) strategy was used to raise the temperature of mixed air in the simulation. In this paper, the HCCI combustion was compared with the conventional SI combustion, then the feasibility of using single-zone model to simulate the HCCI combustion was verified and the HCCI operation region was predicted under specific speed, compression ratio, air-fuel ratio conditions by this model.
15
Sarsembayev, M., M. Turdalyuly, and P. Omarova. "Сloud data-processing system for the automated generation of combustion models." International Journal of Mathematics and Physics 7, no. 1 (2016): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26577/2218-7987-2016-7-1-65-68.
16
Li, Hongxu, Qing Gao, and Yan Wang. "Experimental Investigation of the Thermal Runaway Propagation Characteristics and Thermal Failure Prediction Parameters of Six-Cell Lithium-Ion Battery Modules." Energies 16, no. 13 (July 5, 2023): 5172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16135172.
Abstract:
Efforts to meet regulations ensuring the safety of lithium-ion battery (LIB) modules in electric vehicles are currently limited in their ability to provide sufficient safe escape times in the event of thermal runaway (TR). Thermal runaway occurs when the heat generation of a battery module exceeds its heat removal capacity, leading to a rapid increase in temperature and uncontrolled heat release. To address this issue, this study focuses on evaluating the cascading thermal failure characteristics of six-cell LIB modules under an air environment in an experimental combustion chamber. Sensors are strategically placed at advantageous locations to capture changes in various characteristic parameters, including LIB temperature, module voltage, module mass, and the concentrations of venting gases in the combustion chamber. Analysis of the variations in these characteristic parameters over time aims to identify effective signals that can predict thermal failure conditions with a maximum warning time. The results demonstrate that monitoring LIB temperature provides the shortest advance warning of TR propagation within the module. However, module voltage measurements offer a warning that is approximately 2% earlier on average. On the other hand, measurements of the module mass and concentrations of venting gases in the combustion chamber allow for warnings of thermal failure that are, on average, approximately 2 min earlier than those based solely on LIB temperature. These findings can serve as guidance for improving the safety of LIBs, enhancing the reliability of fault detection systems, and exceeding the safe escape time requirements set by current global regulations.
17
Chang, He, Xiu Min Yu, Xian Qu, Wen Chao Zhang, Pin Sun, and Wei Dong. "Energy and Distribution Analysis on Engine Bench." Applied Mechanics and Materials 472 (January 2014): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.472.301.
Abstract:
Engine is carried the test on the thermal balance test and the drag test in the vehicle working condition to analysis the distribution of energy from combustion. The heat of coolant that combustion flow into the cooling system in different temperature is not the same. The results show that the engine heat comes into the cooling system ranging minimum at 3000-4000r/min, the effective power output accounts for the total energy up to 25% at full load reaching the maximum. Based on the data, it is established the control system of engine cooling module that can be controlled by the engine speed, torque and power, when the ECU reads the signal to forecast the combustion energy flow to the cooling system in the target vehicle working conditions establish the cooling module heat release control system.
18
SÖNMEZ, Muhammed Cuma, Mustafa KARABACAK, and Muammer OZGOREN. "Preliminary design and analysis of an afterburner module." International Journal of Aeronautics and Astronautics 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 80–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.55212/ijaa.1391886.
Abstract:
In this study, design calculations and calculations of afterburner used in jet engines are presented by evaluating the results of analytical and computational analysis. Afterburner inlet values of 1050 K temperature, 300 kPa pressure and 3.6 kg/s mass flow rate are taken as the design conditions. Maximum length and diameter are 500 mm and 200 mm, respectively, for the sections to be designed as length constraints within the scope of the conceptual design. The two-ring vee-gutter has 1.33 cm in diameter and 4.25 cm high. Jet A fuel is assumed to be injected into the core flow (90 degrees) from the spray bars. The spray is mounted in line with the vee-gutter to optimize the mixing of the flow. Analyses are performed for 4 cm between the spray bar and the vee-gutter. For the study, the GE J79 engine was examined from the literature and taken as a basis for the aerodynamic transition section design. Within the scope of TEKNOFEST 2023 Jet Engine Design Competition, a preliminary design of an afterburner module that can produce 700 pounds of thrust and has a life capacity of 25 hours should be realized in line with the design requirements and constraints. In the light of geometric constraints, one-dimensional combustion calculations of the module are made, and the parts are modelled using the relevant SolidWorks CAD program and these modelled parts are then transferred to ANSYS™ environment and the results and analyses are verified. The afterburner module flow analysis software program ANSYS™ is used to analyse the afterburner operation in both cold operating ranges (i.e. without combustion) using compressible, viscous and standard k-epsilon turbulence model. As a result, the effect of afterburner length on combustion performance is found to be significant. As a result of the calculations, afterburner length is found as 28.14 cm. It is found that the combustion efficiency is 81.5% and the temperature can be increased from 1050 K to 2044 K. The total pressure loss is 14.96% as pressure drop due to the geometric parameters and heat addition. The blockage ratio calculated due to the use of vee-gutter geometry is the most important parameter in the pressure drop. It is found that the jet engine producing 670 lbs (2981 N) of thrust when the afterburner is not working whereas it can provide a significant amount of power increment at the expense of a 50% increase in specific fuel consumption when the afterburner is active as well as providing a 738 lbs (3238 N) with a 10.1% thrust increase. The reason of the enhancement is mainly coming from the mixing effect of the vee-gutter on the flow structure.
19
Tolpadi, A. K., I. Z. Hu, S. M. Correa, and D. L. Burrus. "Coupled Lagrangian Monte Carlo PDF–CFD Computation of Gas Turbine Combustor Flowfields With Finite-Rate Chemistry." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 119, no. 3 (July 1, 1997): 519–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2817015.
Abstract:
A coupled Lagrangian Monte Carlo Probability Density Function (PDF)-Eulerian Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique is presented for calculating steady three-dimensional turbulent reacting flow in a gas turbine combustor. PDF transport methods model turbulence-combustion interactions more accurately than conventional turbulence models with an assumed shape PDF. The PDF transport equation was solved using a Lagrangian particle tracking Monte Carlo (MC) method. The PDF modeled was over composition only. This MC module has been coupled with CONCERT, which is a fully elliptic three-dimensional body-fitted CFD code based on pressure correction techniques. In an earlier paper (Tolpadi et al., 1995), this computational approach was described, but only fast chemistry calculations were presented in a typical aircraft engine combustor. In the present paper, reduced chemistry schemes were incorporated into the MC module that enabled the modeling of finite rate effects in gas turbine flames and therefore the prediction of CO and NOx emissions. With the inclusion of these finite rate effects, the gas temperatures obtained were also more realistic. Initially, a two scalar scheme was implemented that allowed validation against Raman data taken in a recirculating bluff body stabilized CO/H2/N2-air flame. Good agreement of the temperature and major species were obtained. Next, finite rate computations were performed in a single annular aircraft engine combustor by incorporating a simple three scalar reduced chemistry scheme for Jet A fuel. This three scalar scheme was an extension of the two scalar scheme for CO/H2/N2 fuel. The solutions obtained using the present approach were compared with those obtained using the fast chemistry PDF transport approach (Tolpadi et al., 1995) as well as the presumed shape PDF method. The calculated exhaust gas temperature using the finite rate model showed the best agreement with measurements made by a thermocouple rake. In addition, the CO and NOx emission indices were also computed and compared with corresponding data.
20
Tsimpidi, A. P., V. A. Karydis, A. Pozzer, S. N. Pandis, and J. Lelieveld. "ORACLE (v1.0): module to simulate the organic aerosol composition and evolution in the atmosphere." Geoscientific Model Development 7, no. 6 (December 21, 2014): 3153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-3153-2014.
Abstract:
Abstract. A computationally efficient module to describe organic aerosol (OA) partitioning and chemical aging has been developed and implemented into the EMAC atmospheric chemistry–climate model. The model simulates the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from semivolatile (SVOCs), intermediate-volatility (IVOCs), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). It distinguishes SVOCs from biomass burning and all other combustion sources using two surrogate species for each source category with an effective saturation concentration at 298 K of C* = 0.1 and 10 μg m−3. Two additional surrogate species with C* = 103 and 105 μg m−3 are used for the IVOCs emitted by the above source categories. Gas-phase photochemical reactions that change the volatility of the organics are taken into account. The oxidation products (SOA-sv, SOA-iv, and SOA-v) of each group of precursors (SVOCs, IVOCs, and VOCs) are simulated separately to keep track of their origin. ORACLE efficiently describes the OA composition and evolution in the atmosphere and can be used to (i) estimate the relative contributions of SOA and primary organic aerosol (POA) to total OA, (ii) determine how SOA concentrations are affected by biogenic and anthropogenic emissions, and (iii) evaluate the effects of photochemical aging and long-range transport on the OA budget. We estimate that the global average near-surface OA concentration is 1.5 μg m−3 and consists of 7% POA from fuel combustion, 11% POA from biomass burning, 2% SOA-sv from fuel combustion, 3% SOA-sv from biomass burning, 15% SOA-iv from fuel combustion, 28% SOA-iv from biomass burning, 19% biogenic SOA-v, and 15% anthropogenic SOA-v. The modeled tropospheric burden of OA components is 0.23 Tg POA, 0.16 Tg SOA-sv, 1.41 Tg SOA-iv, and 1.2 Tg SOA-v.
21
ZAGOVORCHEV, Vladimir А., and Olga V. TUSHAVINA. "Selection of temperature and power parameters for multi-modular lunar jet penetrator." INCAS BULLETIN 11, S (August 1, 2019): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2019.11.s.23.
Abstract:
The questions and the particularity of the choice of design parameters of multi-module lunar jet penetrators are considered. A constructive layout of the penetrator is proposed and the advantages of a multi-modular design are presented. In particular, the limitation on the depth of penetration of the reactive penetrator of the standard scheme, associated with the characteristics of the flow of combustion products from the nozzle into a variable length channel left after the passage of the apparatus, is described. An algorithm is suggested for solving the problem of design parameters of multi-module lunar jet penetrators, which is based on the same methods for finding design parameters of single-module penetrators. Nonetheless, in this case, among the main design parameters that uniquely determine the appearance of both individual modules and the apparatus as a whole, in addition to pressure in the combustion chamber, elongation, pressure relationships at the nozzle and in the chamber, engine running time in air, structural mass and angle, contents of the head including, multiple modules (or sections of the remote control) of the device. By the above method, the calculation of the gas-dynamic parameters for the operation process in solid propellant rocket engines was carried out. Critical temperatures of solid fuel and pressure in the combustion chamber are limited by the ones leading to destruction of the engine and the penetrator.
22
Tsimpidi, A. P., V. A. Karydis, A. Pozzer, S. N. Pandis, and J. Lelieveld. "ORACLE: a module for the description of ORganic Aerosol Composition and Evolution in the atmosphere." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 7, no. 4 (August 12, 2014): 5465–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-7-5465-2014.
Abstract:
Abstract. A computationally efficient module for the description of organic aerosol (OA) partitioning and chemical aging has been developed and implemented into the EMAC atmospheric chemistry-climate model. The model simulates the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from semi-volatile (SVOCs), intermediate-volatility (IVOCs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The model distinguishes SVOCs from biomass burning and all other combustion sources using two surrogate species for each source category with an effective saturation concentration at 298 K of C* = 0.1 and 10 μg m−3. Two additional surrogate species with C* = 103 and 105 μg m−3 are used for the IVOCs emitted by the above two source categories. Gas-phase photochemical reactions that change the volatility of the organics are taken into account. The oxidation products (SOA-sv, SOA-iv, and SOA-v) of each group of precursors (SVOCs, IVOCs, and VOCs) are simulated separately in the module to keep track of their origin. ORACLE efficiently describes the OA composition and evolution in the atmosphere and can be used to (i) estimate the relative contributions of SOA and primary organic aerosol (POA) to total OA, (ii) determine how SOA concentrations are affected by biogenic and anthropogenic emissions, and (iii) evaluate the effects of photochemical aging and long-range transport on the OA budget. Here we estimate that the predicted domain-average global surface OA concentration is 1.5 μg m−3 and consists of 7% POA from fuel combustion, 11% POA from biomass burning, 2% SOA-sv from fuel combustion, 3% SOA-sv from biomass burning, 15% SOA-iv from fuel combustion, 28% SOA-iv from biomass burning, 19% biogenic SOA-v, and 15% anthropogenic SOA-v. The tropospheric burden of OA components is predicted to be 0.23 Tg POA, 0.16 Tg SOA-sv, 1.41 Tg SOA-iv, and 1.2 Tg SOA-v.
23
Haripuddin, Haripuddin, Muhammad Irfan, and Iwan Suhardi. "ANALYSIS OF THERMOELECTRIC POTENTIAL SP1848-27145 SA AS A POWER PLANT WITH UTILIZING THE HEAT ENERGY OF COMBUSTION." Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 1, no. 1 (August 19, 2023): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.59562/jeeni.v1i1.419.
Abstract:
This research is experimental and aims to determine the characteristics of the SP1848-27145SA generator thermoelectric module in the form of power generated and its performance as a power plant by utilizing heat energy from a combustion furnace. The method used in testing the thermoelectric characteristics of the generator is a direct experimental method by measuring the output voltage, current, hot side, and cold side of the thermoelectric and the power generated by the module attached to the combustion furnace. Thermoelectric testing of the SP1848-27145 SA generator as a power plant by utilizing heat energy from a combustion furnace with a maximum voltage generated electronic device load of 2.25 Volts at ΔT 46°C and a maximum generated power of 0.09 watt. The thermoelectric performance of the SP1848-27145 SA generator is obtained in three different configurations: single, series, and parallel. The highest thermoelectric power produced is in the series configuration, where the power obtained is 0.25 watts, while the results from the parallel arrangement have the same power value. very small, namely 0.02 watts, and the highest efficiency value only reaches 3.40%.
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Maspanov, S. N., I. A. Bogov, and V. A. Sukhanov. "Experimental studies of air ozonization influence on pollutants emission in vortex ignition-stabilizing modules of gas turbine combustion chambers." Safety and Reliability of Power Industry 16, no. 4 (January 25, 2024): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24223/1999-5555-2023-16-4-235-240.
Abstract:
Reduction of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere is an urgent task of modern gas turbine engineering development. Such substances that have a negative impact on the environment include nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. The article provides a review of the existing methods for reducing the emissions of pollutants used in the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in the combustion chambers of gas turbine units, as well as indicates promising technologies developed based on these methods. Justification is presented of the necessity to study the method of ozonization of air supplied to the fuel combustion zone to reduce the content of pollutants in its combustion products. The purpose of the study was to develop recommendations for reducing pollutant emissions within a given range of variations regime parameters. To perform the necessary set of experimental studies, a specialized laboratory stand was created, the combined circuit and measurement scheme of which is given in the article. A rather detailed description is given of the structural elements of the stand and, in particular, of the subject of research — a full-scale vortex ignitionstabilizing module of the combustion chamber of a gas turbine unit, an electric ozonator, air and combustible gas supply systems, an exhaust system with a central fan, control and measuring instruments and fittings. The tests were carried out in accordance with specially developed methods of controlling the stand operation in three modes: startup; transfer from one steady-state mode to another; stop. The influence of air ozonization on combustion processes in the vortex ignition-stabilizing module was determined by the content of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide in it. The factors that influence the decrease in the concentration of carbon monoxide in the combustion products during the combustion of air in ozonized air have been determined. The methods of calculation determination of combustible gas and air parameters — mass flow rates, flow velocities and dynamic heads — are described. The results of the performed experimental studies are presented in graphical interpretation, their detailed analysis is given, on the basis of which recommendations on practical use of the method of air ozonization are given.
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Azhari, Muhammad Reidho Ilham Azhari, Ranto Ranto, and Husin Bugis. "PENGEMBANGAN E-MODUL MATA KULIAH MOTOR BAKAR DENGAN METODE 4-D DI PRODI PENDIDKAN TEKNIK MESIN UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET." NOZEL Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik Mesin 4, no. 4 (March 14, 2023): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/nozel.v4i4.72274.
Abstract:
<p class="StyleAuthorBold">The development of science and technology is currently very developed with a lot of development in various fields, one of which is in the field of education, with the development of science in the world of education making it easier for all sectors in education, especially in the educational process, making it easier for students or students to learn and making it easier for educators to harden learning to be more enjoyable. This research has the objective, namely: to develop teaching materials in the combustion motor course that are adjusted to meet the needs and characteristics of students. The research method used in this research is teaching material research using the 4d development model adopted from Thiagarajan, et al (1974) which consists of 4 stages, namely define, design, develope and disseminate or can also be interpreted with 4p as follows: pendefinisian, perancangan, pengembangan, dan penyebaran. The data collection technique in this study uses a validation method consisting of questionnaire validation and expert validation (material expert validation, media expert validation, and linguist validation), This research also uses the focus group discussion method with various experts in their fields.Based on the results of the research obtained in the research on the development of the e-module of the combustion motor course, it shows that the results of expert validation carried out get decent Sanagat results with validation results from several aspects, namely: material expert validation shows the average result of the assessment with a percentage result of 90% (very feasible), expert validation shows the average result of the assessment with a percentage result of 97% (very feasible), linguist validation shows the average result of the assessment with a percentage result of 90% (very feasible) From the various validations carried out also received criticism / suggestions / input from various experts who assessed the improvement of the e-module. The results obtained from the focus group discussion conducted with experts in the field of automation produced several points of view on the electronic module of this combustion motor in the form of advantages and disadvantages so that improvements must still be made to the module, so that this electronic module of the combustion motor is carried out in a limited distribution in the Mechanical Engineering Education Study Program, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta.<em></em></p>
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Madadnia, Jafar, Pinar Dagci, Peter Lewis, and Talia Taskin. "Feasibility of Emerging Technologies Based Cogeneration Systems for University of Technology Sydney." Advanced Materials Research 452-453 (January 2012): 1084–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.452-453.1084.
Abstract:
This paper presents an optimum selection of a co-generation system for heat and power generation at University of Technology Sydney, based on technological, environmental, social and economical factors. Five potential cogeneration concepts were developed based on Internal combustion (IC) engines, External combustion engines including Stirling engine, Organic Rankine cycle (ORC), Kalina cycle, and Fuel-cells, and compared. Organic Rankine Module (ORC) is finally selected. The selected cogeneration offers shorter payback period, lower IRRand net-energy savings, lower Co2 emissions, and higher electric-power generation capacity.
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Lee, Minhyeok, Gyeonghun Yoo, Junjie Peng, Shintaro Uchida, Atsushi Yamamoto, and Yuji Suzuki. "Convection-effect-enhanced micro thermoelectric module directly heated by catalytic combustion." Applied Thermal Engineering 232 (September 2023): 121038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.121038.
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Vijayakumar, Vishnu, Jagadish Pisharady, and P. Balachandran. "Computational and experimental study on supersonic film cooling for liquid rocket nozzle applications." Thermal Science 19, no. 1 (2015): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci120908077p.
Abstract:
An experimental and computational investigation of supersonic film cooling (SFC) was conducted on a subscale model of a rocket engine nozzle. A computational model of a convergent-divergent nozzle was generated, incorporating a secondary injection module for film cooling in the divergent section. Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations were run on the model and different injection configurations were analyzed. The CFD simulations also analyzed the parameters that influence film cooling effectiveness. Subsequent to the CFD analysis and literature survey an angled injection configuration was found to be more effective, therefore the hardware was fabricated for the same. The fabricated nozzle was later fixed to an Air-Kerosene combustor and numerous sets of experiments were conducted in order to ascertain the effect on film cooling on the nozzle wall. The film coolant employed was gaseous Nitrogen. The results showed substantial cooling along the walls and a considerable reduction in heat transfer from the combustion gas to the wall of the nozzle. Finally the computational model was validated using the experimental results. There was fairly good agreement between the predicted nozzle wall temperature and the value obtained through experiments.
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Gartner, Jacqueline B., Olivia M. Reynolds, Manuel Garcia-Perez, David B. Thiessen, and Bernard J. Van Wie. "Miniature Biomass Conversion Unit for Learning the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Reactions through Analysis of Heat Transfer and Thermochemical Conversion." Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 4 (2020): 1019–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13565.
Abstract:
HighlightsA miniaturized thermochemical conversion system has been designed, manufactured, and optimized.Five laboratories can be performed with the system, incorporating heat transfer and reaction engineering phenomena.Educational materials to deploy the system in the classroom, including worksheets and solutions, are provided.Pyrolysis, combustion, and gasification exercises are shown with reaction visualization and product validation.Abstract. We describe a simple new miniaturized thermochemical module (MTM). Special considerations are needed to make the MTM useful not only for studying biomass conversion but also for providing safe classroom learning opportunities for heat and mass transfer and heterogeneous reaction engineering students and for training new researchers. The MTM consists of a quartz reactor wrapped with a Kanthal resistance wire and a silvered concentric annular glass shield for retaining thermal energy, placed in a protective Plexiglas viewing case. Safety is considered for use by new research trainees and within the classroom. We demonstrate MTM usage through five laboratory exercises beginning with an experimental design to determine operating modes to establish thermochemical conversion temperatures. Heat transfer skills are developed with the aid of a first-order differential heat transfer model and fractional factorial design. Thermochemical conversion is demonstrated and products are validated for pyrolysis, gasification, and combustion. The combustion laboratory also offers significant insight into reaction versus mass transfer-controlled regimes and for modeling heat transfer. Discussion is provided on the utility of the system for demonstrating heat transfer, kinetic, and mass transfer concepts, with applications across the engineering curriculum. Keywords: Combustion, Education, Gasification, Heat transfer modeling, Miniature thermochemical module, Pyrolysis.
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Hu, Deng, Zhaoxia Huang, Jialiang Huang, Tao Deng, Zi Xiao Ye, and Jinyu Fan. "Emission Character Study on temperature Combustion Performance of Electronic Controlled Diesel Engine Mixed with Butanol." E3S Web of Conferences 118 (2019): 02028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911802028.
Abstract:
In this paper, through the electromechanical control modification of 4190 ZLC-2 diesel, the electronic fuel injection model is established by AMESim simulation software, and the high pressure circulation model of butanol/diesel dual fuel engine is established by AVL-FIRE software, the appropriate initial parameters module and corresponding boundary conditions are set. At the condition of low-temperature combustion through exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), in the optimization scheme studying the influence of butan blending ratio and EGR rate on diesel engine emissions. The result shows that the addition of butanol can improve the low temperature combustion, reducing the formation of CO and soot. The introduction of EGR can achieve low temperature combustion and significantly reduce NO emissions. The optimal parameter set for parameter matching is obtained: B20/EGR12.5 %.
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Rebrov, S. G., V. A. Golubev, Y. P. Kosmachev, and V. P. Kosmacheva. "Laser Ignition of Liquid-Oxygen–Gaseous-Hydrogen Fuel in a Large-Scale Combustion Chamber." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 12 (717) (December 2019): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2019-12-104-114.
Abstract:
The article presents a review of the results of studies of laser ignition of a cryogenic mixture (gaseous hydrogen and liquid oxygen) in an experimental combustion chamber, carried out at the bench testing facility of KBKhA (Voronezh). A laser ignition module specially designed at the Keldysh Research Centre and with parameters optimized for use in the rocket engine launch system was used during the experiments. Fuel ignition by the laser system occurred directly in the experimental chamber without the use of an ignition device or pre-chamber. To implement this ignition method, inflammation of the fuel in the chamber was carried out by focusing the laser radiation into the mixture, with the initiation of a spark of optical breakdown in the selected area with conditions favorable for the start of combustion. The results of the experiments confirmed the efficiency of the laser module during both standalone and firing tests, including multiple launches of the propulsion unit operated on a cryogenic mixture (gaseous hydrogen and liquid oxygen).
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BLANZ, W. E., and SHERI L. GISH. "A REAL-TIME IMAGE SEGMENTATION SYSTEM USING A CONNECTIONIST CLASSIFIER ARCHITECTURE." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 05, no. 04 (October 1991): 603–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021800149100034x.
Abstract:
An image segmentation system which uses a connectionist classifier architecture as a central building block is described in this paper. The complete system, which consists of a feature extraction module and the connectionist classifier module, has been designed and implemented in digital VLSl; system architectural aspects as well as the procedure of adaptation of the system to different segmentation problems are discussed. The performance of the segmentation system on real world problems is demonstrated using scenes from industrial inspection, texture recognition, and combustion chamber research tasks.
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Ramazanov, E. R., and A. A. Kosoy. "Modeling of thermodynamic processes using the properties of matter presented in the form of spreadsheets." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2057, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2057/1/012050.
Abstract:
Abstract New thermodynamic cycles are developed in which the working fluid used cannot be considered as an ideal gas. This applies to oxy-fuel combustion cycles. In these cycles, oxygen is separated from the air prior to combustion. The combustion chamber is supplied with fuel and pure oxygen. The required temperature at the outlet of the combustion chamber is achieved by supplying some other substances from which it is easy to separate the CO2 formed during the combustion of the fuel. Commonly, CO2, or H2O, or their mixture is used as such substances. Thus, there are no exotic substances in the composition of the working fluid, but such a range of parameters is chosen for such cycles that the working fluid at certain points of the cycle can be both gaseous and liquid, or in a supercritical state. To model thermodynamic processes in such cycles, it is unacceptable to use the polytropic equation of ideal gases. A technique for integrating differential equations describing the state of the working fluid is proposed. This technique is based on the presentation of the thermodynamic properties of pure substances that make up the working fluid in the form of spreadsheets. The proposed technique is implemented in a software-computing module.
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Yin, Lu Lu, Yong Jiang, and Rong Qiu. "Experimental Studies of Fire from CIGS Thin Film Solar Module Back." Defect and Diffusion Forum 382 (January 2018): 374–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.382.374.
Abstract:
With the building integrated photovoltaic commonly using in residential and commercial buildings, fire researches about this new renewable energy system are still insufficient. Electrical failure may bring local fever at the backside of the module. In order to investigate fire potential in this situation, bench-scale experiments based on the cone calorimeter are conducted with different external heat flux from 20 to 45kWm-2 at intervals of 5 kWm-2. This paper focuses on the thermal properties and combustion behaviors of copper–indium–gallium–diselenide (CIGS) thin-film solar module, and also discusses the gas toxicity.
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Ai, Yan Ting, Song Jin Li, Bang Hui Yin, and Shi Mo Bai. "Vibro-Acoustic Coupling Analysis of Aero-Engine Combustion Chamber Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 4100–4104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.4100.
Abstract:
The combustion instability is an important reason for fatigue failure of the vibro-acoustic coupling combustion chamber thin-walled structure. The vibro-acoustic coupling equations of closed cavity are derived; The vibro-acoustic coupling coefficient matrix is calculated, it indicates that couplings between the acoustic modes and the structure modes are strictly selective; The vibro-acoustic coupling characteristics of the finite length simply supported closed cylindrical space and the combustion chamber flame tube modals are studied with the finite element method, and the little effect of modal coupling on frequency value is founded; The vibro-acoustic coupling test validation of the combustion chamber flame tube model is completed, and the results show that both the structure modes of the flame tube and the acoustic modes have the phenomenon of weak coupling.
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Bédrane, S., C. Descorme, and D. Duprez. "Étude du stockage de l'oxygène sur catalyseurs modèles de post-combustion automobile." Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings) 12, no. 2 (April 2002): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp420020010.
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Peng, Junjie, Minhyeok Lee, Yong Fan, Atsushi Yamamoto, and Yuji Suzuki. "Development of a Metal Thermoelectric Generator Module Directly Heated by Catalytic Combustion." Proceedings of the Thermal Engineering Conference 2019 (2019): 0077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeted.2019.0077.
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Rudenko, D., and A. Dominik. "INFLUENCE OF HEAT FLOW ON MULTI-FUNCTIONAL ROBOTIC MODULE DURING EXTINGUISHING FIRES IN MINES." Fire Safety, no. 33 (December 31, 2018): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20786662.33.2018.11.
Abstract:
Conclusion.Coal is used as a technological raw material in the ferrous metallurgy and chemical industry for the production of mineral fertilizers and plastics, and coal is used as energy raw material for the production of electricity at thermal power plants, for heating residential and public buildings. The unsatisfactory state of the coal industry is due to interaction over a fairly long period of a number of factors, which by their nature have both objective and subjective character.
Purpose.In order to enter the market economy, the branch needs restructuring, the main objectives of which are the formation of competitive coal enterprises, the consistent reduction of state support to the enterprises of the industry, the use of less energy consuming extractive equipment, the improvement of safety at work in mines, the provision of trouble-free work, as well as social security of industry workers.
Methods. Empirical and theoretical methods.
Results. In the event of a fire in the mining area of the mine and subsequent possible destruction of the elements of the bearing structures of the mining shaft, as already noted earlier, in many cases it is necessary to extinguish and rescue. The presence of combustion products makes it difficult to carry out these measures. Combustion products are characterized by a high temperature (over 1000 °C), which leads to the failure of the electronic (control system) and electrical equipment (rechargeable batteries, electric motors) of the robotic module.
The heat flux studied also negatively affects the work of the robotic module. According to the technical instructions, rechargeable batteries can only operate at temperatures below 72 ºС. To protect the batteries from the heat flow, they are placed under the protective cover. However, the protective cover over time heats up and begins to heat the internal space of the robotic module, which increases the temperature of the battery. In order to provide the normal working conditions, it is necessary to install an additional insulating layer in addition to the metal cover of the multifunctional module, and from the outside it should be washed with a water solution.
Introduction. Based on the calculations of the proposed conditions of torch combustion and experimental studies, it has been established that the time of continuous work of the robotic module is 50 minutes, but when extinguishing in the places of mine workings of the mine, the maneuverability is limited and therefore this time increases. On the other hand, the heat flow should not heat the module within the specified time to the critical temperature achieved by the system of cooling the surface.
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Egorov, Mikhail, Dmitry Egorov, and Sergey Egorov. "NUMERICAL STUDY OF DYNAMICS INTRACHAMBER PROCESSES IN SOLID PROPELLANT SUSTAINER TAKING INTO ACCOUNT FLIGHT OVERLOADS. PART 1. CALCULATION METHOD." Perm National Research Polytechnic University Aerospace Engineering Bulletin, no. 64 (2021): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9982/2021.64.10.
Abstract:
The dynamics of transient in-chamber processes (internal ballistics) of the cruise missile's second-stage cruise missile propulsion system is studied, taking into account, in the general case, distributed spatially-three-dimensional and time-varying flight overloads. The research method is the formulation of a computational experiment. Be considered coupled formulation of the problem, including: – transient triggering of igniter device (the rate of combustion of the igniting composition is described on the basis of experimental and theoretical approach afterburn combustion products in case igniting device); preheating, ignition and subsequent unsteady and turbulent combustion of solid propellant charge (used quasi-homogeneous combustion model based on the equations of heat conduction and chemical kinetics recorded for a condensed phase (solid fuel), taking into account the influence of the gas phase (torch) on the process of combustion in the condensed phase; the method of solving the problem – finite difference method); – non-stationary three-dimensional homogeneous-heterogeneous four phase flow of air and products of combustion in the combustion chamber, the nozzle block and the block launchers rocket engine (used approaches of continuum mechanics of multiphase media; the basic system of equations system of vortex differential equations of gas dynamics solution method – a multi-parameter class of difference schemes of splitting into physical processes of the method Davydova); – depressurization of the combustion chamber of the SRB (equation of motion of the plug nozzle block – Newton's second law; the proposed solution method – Euler's method). Each of the subtasks is considered in a relationship and resolved simultaneously – at one time step. To solve the formulated problem, a set of application programs has been developed using (for the main calculation module) the OpenCL multithreaded information processing standard. The performance of the software product was checked.
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Scherman, Michael, Joanna Barros, Rosa Santagata, Alexandre Bresson, and Brigitte Attal-Tretout. "Thermométrie Raman cohérente pour l'étude de la combustion." Photoniques, no. 96 (May 2019): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/photon/20199623.
Abstract:
La combustion est un sujet d’intérêt pour une large variété de domaines d’applications civils ou militaires. Comprendre les phénomènes physico-chimiques à l’oeuvre dans ces milieux complexes, et les décrire à l’aide de modèles éprouvés, sont des enjeux majeurs qui requièrent des mesures fiables et quantitatives. La spectroscopie par diffusion Raman anti-Stokes cohérente (DRASC ou CARS en anglais) a démontré des performances inégalées pour la mesure de température. Cette technique a été implémentée avec de nombreuses architectures laser, et appliquée avec succès à un large éventail de milieux.
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Nemś, Artur, Mikołaj Simiński, Magdalena Nemś, and Tomasz Magiera. "Analysis of car waste heat recovery system utilizing thermoelectric generator." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 6 (June 30, 2018): 619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.144.
Abstract:
This paper presents a calculation algorithm for a thermoelectric generator fitted in the exhaust system of a combustion engine. The viability of the presented calculation method was verified on an actual combustion engine. The calculations were performed for a BMW engine, and the generator design was based on a prototype from the same manufacturer. The paper includes calculations of the thermal cycle and of the parameters of exhaust gases from the engine. Subsequent calculations cover heat transfer from exhaust gases to the thermoelectric module and the amount of electric energy obtained from a series of modules. In the last part, the focus is on the influence of engine speed on the performance of the thermoelectric generator.
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Balthasar, M., F. Mauss, M. Pfitzner, and A. Mack. "Implementation and Validation of a New Soot Model and Application to Aeroengine Combustors." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 124, no. 1 (October 1, 2000): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1377596.
Abstract:
The modeling of soot formation and oxidation under industrially relevant conditions has made significant progress in recent years. Simplified models introducing a small number of transport equations into a CFD code have been used with some success in research configurations simulating a reciprocating diesel engine. Soot formation and oxidation in the turbulent flow is calculated on the basis of a laminar flamelet library model. The gas phase reactions are modeled with a detailed mechanism for the combustion of heptane containing 89 species and 855 reactions developed by Frenklach and Warnatz and revised by Mauss. The soot model is divided into gas phase reactions, the growth of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and the processes of particle inception, heterogeneous surface growth, oxidation, and condensation. The first two are modeled within the laminar flamelet chemistry, while the soot model deals with the soot particle processes. The time scales of soot formation are assumed to be much larger than the turbulent time scales. Therefore rates of soot formation are tabulated in the flamelet libraries rather than the soot volume fraction itself. The different rates of soot formation, e.g., particle inception, surface growth, fragmentation, and oxidation, computed on the basis of a detailed soot model, are calculated in the mixture fraction/scalar dissipation rate space and further simplified by fitting them to simple analytical functions. A transport equation for the mean soot mass fraction is solved in the CFD code. The mean rate in this transport equation is closed with the help of presumed probability density functions for the mixture fraction and the scalar dissipation rate. Heat loss due to radiation can be taken into account by including a heat loss parameter in the flamelet calculations describing the change of enthalpy due to radiation, but was not used for the results reported here. The soot model was integrated into an existing commercial CFD code as a post-processing module to existing combustion CFD flow fields and is very robust with high convergence rates. The model is validated with laboratory flame data and using a realistic three-dimensional BMW Rolls-Royce combustor configuration, where test data at high pressure are available. Good agreement between experiment and simulation is achieved for laboratory flames, whereas soot is overpredicted for the aeroengine combustor configuration by 1–2 orders of magnitude.
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Guevara, Marc, Carles Tena, Manuel Porquet, Oriol Jorba, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando. "HERMESv3, a stand-alone multi-scale atmospheric emission modelling framework – Part 2: The bottom–up module." Geoscientific Model Development 13, no. 3 (March 4, 2020): 873–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-873-2020.
Abstract:
Abstract. We describe the bottom–up module of the High-Elective Resolution Modelling Emission System version 3 (HERMESv3), a Python-based and multi-scale modelling tool intended for the processing and computation of atmospheric emissions for air quality modelling. HERMESv3 is composed of two separate modules: the global_regional module and the bottom_up module. In a companion paper (Part 1, Guevara et al., 2019a) we presented the global_regional module. The bottom_up module described in this contribution is an emission model that estimates anthropogenic emissions at high spatial- (e.g. road link level,) and temporal- (hourly) resolution using state-of-the-art calculation methods that combine local activity and emission factors along with meteorological data. The model computes bottom–up emissions from point sources, road transport, residential and commercial combustion, other mobile sources, and agricultural activities. The computed pollutants include the main criteria pollutants (i.e. NOx, CO, NMVOCs (non-methane volatile organic compounds), SOx, NH3, PM10 and PM2.5) and greenhouse gases (i.e. CO2 and CH4, only related to combustion processes). Specific emission estimation methodologies are provided for each source and are mostly based on (but not limited to) the calculation methodologies reported by the European EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook. Meteorologically dependent functions are also included to take into account the dynamical component of the emission processes. The model also provides several functionalities for automatically manipulating and performing spatial operations on georeferenced objects (shapefiles and raster files). The model is designed so that it can be applicable to any European country or region where the required input data are available. As in the case of the global_regional module, emissions can be estimated on several user-defined grids, mapped to multiple chemical mechanisms and adapted to the input requirements of different atmospheric chemistry models (CMAQ, WRF-Chem and MONARCH) as well as a street-level dispersion model (R-LINE). Specific emission outputs generated by the model are presented and discussed to illustrate its capabilities.
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Egorov, Mikhail, Dmitry Egorov, Sergey Egorov, and Vasily Belov. "NUMERICAL STUDY OF DYNAMICS IN-CHAMBER PROCESSES IN MULTI-NOZZLE SOLID ROCKET MOTORS. PART 1. CALCULATION METHOD." Perm National Research Polytechnic University Aerospace Engineering Bulletin, no. 72 (2023): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9982/2023.72.05.
Abstract:
The dynamics of transient in-chamber processes of booster (overclocking) multi-hop of solid rocket motor is investigated. The research method is the formulation of a computational experiment. The conjugate formulation of the problem is considered, which includes: – the ignition device is triggered (the combustion rate of the igniting composition is described on the basis of an experimental and theoretical approach that takes into account the burning of combustion products behind the body of the igniting device); – heating, ignition and subsequent unsteady and turbulent combustion of a charge of a mixed solid fuel (a quasihomogeneous combustion model is used, formulated on the basis of the equations of thermal conductivity and chemical kinetics recorded for the condensed phase (solid fuel), taking into account the influence of the gas phase (flare) on the combustion process in the condensed phase; the method of solving the problem is the finite difference method); – unsteady three-dimensional homogeneous-heterogeneous three-phase flow of nitrogen (pre-pressurization gas of the combustion chamber) and combustion products of the igniting composition and mixed solid fuel in the combustion chamber, multi-core block and behind the multi-core block of the rocket engine (approaches of mechanics of continuous multiphase media are used; the basic system of equations is a system of vortex differential equations of gas dynamics; the solution method is multiparametric a class of difference splitting schemes by physical processes of the Davydov method); – depressurization of the combustion chamber and the departure of the plugs of the multi-nozzle block of solid rocket motor (the equation of motion of the nozzle block plug is Newton's second law; the method of solving the problem is the Euler method). Each of the subtasks is considered in relation and resolved simultaneously – at one-time step. To solve the formulated problem, a set of application programs has been developed using (for the main calculation module) the OpenCL multithreading information processing standard. The operability of the software product was checked.
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Jiang, Xiao Mei, and Yan Nian Rui. "Long-Distance Methanol Monitoring System Based on GSM." Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (April 2012): 1408–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.1408.
Abstract:
This thesis introduces long-distance methanol monitoring system through catalytic combustion, describing its hardware structure and software module, achieving dynamic display of data, analysis, remote control and data management. It is an effective mode to use GSM network as information transport platform for wireless monitoring system, with advantages of simple principle, high security, wide spread and so on, valuing important in practical use
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Uchida, Shintaro, Minhyeok Lee, and Yuji Suzuki. "Temperature Distribution Measurement of Micro Thermoelectric Generation Module Directly Heated by Catalytic Combustion." Proceedings of the Thermal Engineering Conference 2020 (October 9, 2020): 0129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeted.2020.0129.
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Firsov, A. A., E. V. Dolgov, N. S. Kolosov, and D. A. Yarantsev. "CFD analysis of pylon equipped by plasma module for combustion in supersonic airflow." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1698 (December 2020): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1698/1/012014.
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Wang, Ming Yung, Ching Po Lin, and Hsiao Kang Ma. "Investigation of Thermoelectric Power Generation Module on Waste Heat Recovery in a Downdraft Gasifier." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.437.
Abstract:
In this study, the thermoelectric power generation (TEG) module is used to recover waste heat from a downdraft gasifier. The performance and optimal operating temperature of TEG module are studied at different locations on the surface wall of catalyst reactor. The simulation model of downdraft gasifier is performed by using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), its appropriate for the low-speed, thermally-driven flow simulation with an emphasis on incomplete combustion process. The results demonstrate that the simulation temperature of catalyst reactor surface is around 200°C~300°C which is used to convert heat into electricity by TEG module. In summary, the TEG modulus power per unit area can reach 857W/m2 with temperature difference of 140°C and output power attain at least 2.04kW if TEG modulus is applied on the improved downdraft gasifier system (IDGS).
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Meiller, Martin, Jürgen Oischinger, Robert Daschner, and Andreas Hornung. "Development of a New Sensor Module for an Enhanced Fuel Flexible Operation of Biomass Boilers." Processes 9, no. 4 (April 9, 2021): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9040661.
Abstract:
The heterogeneity of biogenic fuels, and especially biogenic residues with regard to water and ash content, particle size and particle size distribution is challenging for biomass combustion, and limits fuel flexibility. Online fuel characterization as a part of process control could help to optimize combustion processes, increase fuel flexibility and reduce emissions. In this research article, a concept for a new sensor module is presented and first tests are displayed to show its feasibility. The concept is based on the principle of hot air convective drying. The idea is to pass warm air with 90 °C through a bulk of fuel like wood chips and measure different characteristics such as moisture, temperatures and pressure drop over the bulk material as a function over time. These functions are the basis to draw conclusions and estimate relevant fuel properties. To achieve this goal, a test rig with a volume of 0.038 m3 was set up in the laboratory and a series of tests was performed with different fuels (wood chips, saw dust, wood pellets, residues from forestry, corn cobs and biochar). Further tests were carried out with conditioned fuels with defined water and fines contents. The experiments show that characteristic functions arise over time. The central task for the future will be to assign these functions to specific fuel characteristics. Based on the data, the concept for a software for an automated, data-based fuel detection system was designed.
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Pražanová, A., M. Havlík Míka, and V. Knap. "Lithium-ion battery module-to-cell: disassembly and material analysis." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2382, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2382/1/012002.
Abstract:
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are one of the most popular energy storage systems. Due to their excellent performance, they are widely used in portable consumer electronics and electric vehicles (EVs). The ever-increasing requirements for global carbon dioxide CO2 emission reduction inhibit the production of new combustion vehicles. Thus, the demand for EVs increases, as well as the number of spent LIBs. Due to increases in raw materials saving and reduction in energy and environmental impacts, recycling is one of the most promising solutions for end-of-life (EOL) treatment for spent LIBs. This work describes the first step in recycling the LIBs nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) based module from a full battery electric vehicle (BEV) holding its high recycling efficiency and considering the process costs and environmental impact. This paper is devoted to module-to-cell disassembly, discharge state characterization measurements, and material analysis of its components based on x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and diffraction (XRD).