Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modèle de bilan de population'
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Carlotti, François. "Modèle de recrutement d'espèces marines : couplage du bilan de matière individuel et de la dynamique de population." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066067.
Full textGemello, Luca. "Modélisation de l'hydrodynamique des colonnes à bulles selon une approche couplant modèle à deux fluides et bilan de population." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1245/document.
Full textThe simulation of bubble column reactors under industrial operating conditions is an exciting challenge. The main objective of this work is to predict the bubble size, in turn interconnected to the reactor hydrodynamic conditions, with computational models, by modelling bubble breakage and coalescence. Experimental data is collected for model validation, including bubble size measurements with an innovative cross-correlation technique. Experiments are carried out with tap water and demineralized water, with or without the addition of ethanol, and gathered results show that additives reduce coalescence and lower the mean bubble size. Two different spargers are used, in order to decouple the investigation of breakage and coalescence. The experimental data set is used to validate out unsteady three-dimensional Eulerian-Eulerian CFD simulations. A drag law for oblate bubbles is considered, together with a swarm factor, that accounts for the swarm effect. Several turbulence models are tested. The contribution of bubble induced turbulence (BIT) to scalar mixing is assessed. To predict bubble size, a population balance model is coupled to the hydrodynamic model and is solved with the quadrature method of moments. A set of breakage and coalescence kernels is proposed, capable of predicting the bubble size for different operating conditions. Scale-up effects are also investigated
Zimmermann, Albert. "Simulation du transfert de matière multiconstituant en colonne d'extraction à l'aide d'un bilan de population de gouttes." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT071G.
Full textPigou, Maxime. "Modélisation du comportement cinétique, des phénomènes de mélange et de transfert locaux, et des effets d'hétérogénéité de population dans les fermenteurs industriels." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAT0038.
Full textSimulations are becoming an essential tool to design and improve processes in the field of biotechnologies. They are especially relevant to facilitate the scale-up of biological cultures from laboratory to industrial scales which is a key difficulty as of now. This thesis focuses on developping a model structure for fermenters, which does not neglect either mixing issues known to occur in industrial bioreactor, nor biological complexity inherent to micro-organisms, while enabling fast and low-cost simulations. To account for all coupled and dynamic phenomena that occur in bioreactors, the developed approach couples (i) a dynamic metabolic model to describe cells behaviour, (ii) a population balance model tracking biological cell-to-cell diversity and (iii) a compartment model to account for fermenter hydrodynamics. A structure for low-cost dynamic metabolic model has been developed, applied to E. coli and S. cerevisiae and successfully challenged against experimental data. Among multiple numerical methods tackling population balance equations, the EQMOM method has been selected for its stability and precision, and its algorithm has been improved by reducing its cost by a factor 10. The gas-liquid hydrodynamics of an industrial fermenter has been obtained through CFD simulations, and tools have been developed to extract compartment model from these simulation results. Finally, the coupling between all these modeling blocks has been demonstrated by simulating an actual industrial culture. This work paves the way to the emergence of fast bioreactor simulation tools, which will then enable new enginnering studies for designing and optimising industrial bio-processes
Erabit, Nicolas. "Caractérisation expérimentale et modélisation de la dénaturation et de l’agrégation de la beta-lactoglobuline au cours d’un traitement thermique de type industriel." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0094.
Full textThis work aims to model the formation of whey protein aggregates during continuous thermo-mechanical treatment (heat exchanger) with integration of the physicochemical properties (protein content and mineral content). This simulation work is supported by knowledge from literature and experimentation carried out in addition with literature.A two-step work was done at two scales. At laboratory scale, the samples were submitted to well controlled and almost homogenous thermo-mechanical treatments. This was used as data base to develop a mechanistic model of transformation for the irreversible aggregation of beta-lactoglobulin in solution in function of time/temperature/shear. This first step allows obtaining a model for one profile but not for a pilot-scale heat treatment. The hypothesis is that the dispersion of aggregate sizes in continuous heat treatment is partly due to distribution of residence times: proteins in the slowest parts of the fluid have more time to aggregate. Experiments were carried out on a continuous pilot of heat treatment
Caillet, Alexandre. "Étude de la transition de phase en solution d'un hydrate grâce à un suivi in-situ par spectroscopie Raman et acquisition d'images : modélisation par bilan de population." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10082.
Full textGetting constant quality products is a major issue for the pharmaceutical industry. This objective can be achieved by controlling the process and by understanding the physical mechanisms. Now, recent in-situ monitoring technologies have been developed. They make it possible to analyse the crystalliszation process in real time. In this script we have shown how in-situ Raman spectroscopy and on-line image recording have been used to study the crystalliszation and solvent mediated phase transition of citric acid. The different physical mechanisms involved during the process (nucleation growth and dissolution) have been investigated. A crystallization model solving a system of two populations balance equations has been programmed. It allows us to simulate isothermal seeded crystallizations and polymorphic phase transitions. A set of kinetic parameters has been estimated from the experimental data (solid phase composition, solute concentration and Crystal Zize Distribution). An optimization routine has been implemented to get significant numerical values
Rachah, Amira. "Modélisation mathématique, simulation et contrôle de processus de cristallisation." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2528/.
Full textIn this thesis we are concerned with the mathematical modeling of crystallization processes in order to understand, simulate, optimize and control them. We first present the principles of modeling, the fundamentals of crystallization and the numerical exploitation of models of crystallization. We then discuss exemplary a mathematical model of crystallization of KCl in continuous operational mode with dissolution of fines and product classiffication. This model is described by a hyperbolic partial differential equation coupled with an integro-differential equation. To justify the theoretical model, we prove existence and uniqueness of solutions using the method of characteristics and the Banach fixed-point theorem. We then present numerical simulations of the studied processes. In a third part of the thesis we develop and present a mathematical model of solvated crystallization of a-lactose monohydrate in semi-batch operational mode. We justify the model by proving global existence and uniqueness of solutions. Finally, we study the optimal control of crystallization of a-lactose monohydrate in semi-batch mode using the solvers ACADO and PSOPT. Optimal cooling and filling strategies are computed in order to enhance the properties of the solid
Leturia, Mikel. "Étude hydrodynamique et modélisation des réacteurs de carbochloration." Thesis, Compiègne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013COMP2097.
Full textThis thesis deals with the experimental study of gas-solid flows and the modeling of fluidized bed reactors. The industrial application investigated in this work corresponds to the carbochlorination of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), which is an essential step for the production of zirconium metal. The main objective is to develop a model of the industrial reactors and provide a better understanding of their behavior. The approach consists first in studying the hydrodynamics of fluidized bed carbochlorination reactors. The results show that the carbon black acts as a flow conditioner (glidant) and improves the flow properties of the ZrO2/C mixture. The presence of tiny spherical carbon nanoparticles on the surface of relatively large oxide particles reduces the interparticle forces and friction between adjacent particles. A good dispersion of the carbon nanoparticles is needed to enhance their ability to act as a glidant and also increase the resistance to segregation of the resulting mixture. From the experimental data, different methods and correlations are developed to predict the agglomerate size and density, the minimum fluidization velocity, the bed expansion and the elutriation flow rate. Then, a carbochlorination reactor model is developed by coupling hydrodynamics and kinetics. This model allows the resolution of unsteady-state mass and energy balance equations as well as population balance equations. It is thus possible to predict the chlorine conversion, the composition of the product gas, the elutriation flow rate and the particle size distribution in the bed depending on the operating conditions
Dufour, Patrick. "Etat nutritionnel d'une population agee vivant en institution." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU31048.
Full textFeillet, François. "Etude du bilan lipidique dans une population marastique du nord mauritanien." Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN11079.
Full textLebaz, Noureddine. "Modélisation de l’hydrolyse enzymatique de substrats lignocellulosiques par bilan de population." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAT0030/document.
Full textThe enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass is a promising approach for the bioconversion of organic matter into fermentable sugars aiming ultimately to produce second generation biofuel. Globally, enzymatic cocktails, containing different activities which are characterized by their specific mechanisms, are used as biocatalysts. Most of the studies devoted to the modelling of this process address the problem via kinetic approaches in which the particulate aspects and the dynamic evolution of the properties of the substrate/biocatalyst/system are not taken into account. Moreover, such models aim to reproduce the kinetics of release of simple sugars and treat only the case where the enzymes and the substrate are simultaneously mixed at the beginning of the hydrolysis reaction. Therefore, issues related to the design/optimization of the process such as the supplying mode (batch/continuous) and the sequential adding of the enzymes/substrate cannot be addressed with these models. In this work, a population balance formalism is proposed as modelling approach. The model is based on a structural heterogeneity of the substrate namely the chain/particle size distribution. As a first numerical approach, the method of classes is used in the case of polymer chains undergoing endoglucanase (random breakage) and exoglucanase (chain-end scission) attacks. Secondly, the method of moments is adopted to solve the same problem and then adapted to the case of a particulate substrate by introducing the particle cohesion effect which depends on the enzymatic attacks as well as on the hydrodynamic shear stress. Finally, the confrontation of the numerical results from the method of moments to the experimental distributions motivated the development of reconstruction methods in order to restore distributions from a finite sequence of their moments. Alongside this modelling work, the suitable metrology has been developed for the characterization of these systems. Three different granulometric techniques (Morphogranulometry, Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement (FBRM) technique and Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analysis) are used to reach the time-evolution of the particle size distribution of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel). In this context, numerical tools used for the analysis and the comparison of the different experimental distributions are proposed. In addition, the concentrations of reducing and simple sugars (glucose and cellobiose) are measured all along the hydrolysis reactions. The modeling of enzymatic hydrolysis developed here combines the concepts of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Integrated into the framework of multivariable population balance model, these allow the chain/particle size distribution evolution during the reaction and the kinetics of simple sugars release to be predicted
Bouaniche, Alexandre. "A hybrid stochastic-sectional method for the simulation of soot particle size distributions Vitiated high karlovitz n-decane/air turbulent flames: scaling laws and micro-mixing modeling analysis A hybrid stochastic/fixed-sectional method for solving the population balance equation." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMIR23.
Full textSoot particles (which are one kind of ultra-fine particles) can be produced and emitted in fuel rich combustion conditions. Sectors like road and air transportation, or industry are significant contributors to soot particles emissions. Soot particles are usually considered as a pollutant as their negative impact on health has been assessed. In some specific cases like nanomaterials production, they can be synthesized on purpose. In both cases, accurate understanding and prediction capability of the Particle Size Distribution (PSD) is needed, for a better combustors design. In this thesis, a novel numerical method is proposed to predict the Particle Size Distribution (PSD) evolution. It consists in a hybrid approach featuring stochastic particles representing a Probability Density Function (PDF), and fixed sections. The objective is to solve accurately for the surface growth/oxidation term, mitigating the problem of numerical diffusion encountered in some classical sectional methods. On the other hand, the proposed method is less expensive than a full Monte Carlo method. First, the context and motivation of the thesis are explained. Concepts and models for soot physical source terms are shortly reviewed. Then, the Population Balance Equation (PBE), which drives the evolution of the Particle Size Distribution (PSD), is presented as well as the different classes of numerical methods used for its resolution. Subsequently, the novel hybrid method is introduced. Its accuracy and efficiency are demonstrated on analytical test cases. Finally, the method is applied on a premixed ethylene sooting flame
MAYEUX, CHRISTOPHE. "Le bilan pre-anesthesique en urgence : evaluation sur une population de 648 patients." Lille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL2M084.
Full textPuel, François. "Bilan de population pour deux tailles caractéristiques des particules : application à la cristallisation de l'hydroquinone." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10162.
Full textValcarcel, Jean. "Contribution à l'étude d'un modèle in vitro d'interface biologie-matériau : le modèle streptococcus mutans et composites dentaires hybrides : bilan et évaluation de différentes méthodologies d'analyses." Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON12201.
Full textRosnoblet, Jérôme. "Dynamique du bilan hydrique parcellaire au sein de l'espace rural-conséquences sur les transferts hydrologiques." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2002. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000266.
Full textSaadi, Sameh. "Estimation spatialisée de l'évapotranspiration réelle et des volumes d'irrigation à l'aide de modèles de bilans hydrique et énergétique forcés par des données de la télédétection optique (VIS/PIR/IRT)." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30008/document.
Full textIn arid and semi-arid regions, efficient agricultural water management is a major issue, mainly in irrigated areas. The design of tools that provide an estimate of water balance components at the regional scale may help sustainable management of limited water resources in the water scarce regions. Remotely sensed Earth observation has become a major research field for agricultural water resources management. The main objective of this thesis is to develop and test efficient techniques and methods to estimate hydrological variables (Evapotranspiration (ET) and irrigation volumes) in order to assess, at "metric" and "kilometric" resolution , the crop water requirements and the extracted irrigation volumes in the Kairouan plain (central Tunisia). The adopted approach combines field experimentation, modeling and the use of multi-sensor / multi-resolution remote sensing data. Two modeling tools are used: the soil water balance model SAMIR and the energy balance model, SPARSE. SAMIR and SPARSE estimates are assessed using field measurements (Scintillometer XLAS measurements) and field surveys (observed irrigation volumes). The seasonal irrigation volumes estimated by the SAMIR model are acceptable, even though results at finer timescales (monthly and below) needed to be improved. Hence, the SAMIR model parameters, especially the uncalibrated ones are revisited in order to improve the results. SPARSE estimates of sensible and latent heat ?uxes are in close agreement with those obtained from the XLAS. However, the extrapolation from instantaneous to daily ET is less obvious
Kollia, Aikaterini. "Analyse statistique de la diversité en anthropometrie tridimensionnelle." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EMSE0812.
Full textAnthropometry is the scientific field that studies human body dimensions (from the greek άνθρωπος (human) + μέτρον (measure)). Anthropometrical analysis is based actually on 1D measurements (head circumference, length, etc). However, the body’s morphological complexity requires 3D analysis. This is possible due to recent progress of 3D scanners. The objective of this study is to compare population’s anthropometry and use results to adapt sporting goods to user’s morphology. For this purpose, 3D worldwide measurement campaigns were realized and automated treatment algorithms were created in order to analyze the subjects’ point cloud. Based on image processing methods and on shape geometry, these algorithms detect anatomical landmarks, calculate 1D measurements, align subjects and create representative anthropometrical 3D models. In order to analyze morphological characteristics, different statistical methods including components’ analysis, were adapted for use in 3D space. The methods were applied in three body parts: the foot, the head and the bust. The morphological differences between and inside the populations were studied. For example, the difference in each point of the head, between Chinese and European head, was calculated. The statistics in three dimensions, permitted also to show the asymmetry of the head. The method to create anthropometrical models is more adapted to our applications than the methods used in the literature. The analysis in three dimensions, can give results that they are not visible from 1D analyses. The knowledge of this thesis is used for the conception of different products that they are sold in DECATHLON stores around the world
Lenormand, Maxime. "Initialiser et calibrer un modèle de microsimulation dynamique stochastique : application au modèle SimVillages." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00822114.
Full textBraza, Fouazi. "Étude d'une population B régulatrice dans un modèle murin d'asthme allergique aux acariens." Nantes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NANT32VS.
Full textEssentially described for their role in humoral immunity, B cells are increasingly described for their ability to regulate inflammatory responses. We can so distinguish inflammatory and regulatory B cells able to regulate the activation of immune cells. Regulatory B cells are of special interest today. Several studies described their capacity to control inflammation in transplantation and autoimmunity. These cells are mainly characterized by the production of IL-10. They are able to inhibit many and control many components of the immune system in order to maintain immunological tolerance. Allergic asthma is typically a situation where immune tolerance is broken in response to respiratory allergen. In this pathology, regulatory mechanisms were essentially reduced to the simple description of the regulatory T cells. Given the importance of regulatory B cells in immune regulation, these cells represent a potential interest in asthma Then the work of this thesis focus on the phenotypic and functional characterization of these cells in a model of allergic asthma due to mites
Beaudoin, Mathieu. "Accessibilité géographique potentielle à l'ostéodensitométrie pour la population féminine à risque du Québec." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3828.
Full textRamdani, Nacim. "Validation expérimentale et analyse de signaux : développement d'une méthodologie de comparaison modèle/mesures en thermique du bâtiment." Paris 12, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA120016.
Full textBoyer, Montégut Clément de. "Couche mélangée océanique et bilan thermohalin de surface dans l'Océan Indien Nord." Paris 6, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011449.
Full textGozé, Eric. "Modèle stochastique de la pluviométrie au Sahel : application à l'agronomie." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20250.
Full textBoulain, Nicolas. "Effet des facteurs climatiques et anthropiques dans l'évolution récente des écosystèmes tropicaux : modélisation spatialisée du bilan hydrique d'un petit bassin versant sahélien." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066016.
Full textChahdoura, Sami. "Etude sur un cas modèle de questionnaire du double recadrage des notes suivant l'équation personnelle : modèle de codage d'une variable unique : application de l'analyse des correspondances aux comptes du bilan." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066044.
Full textRivalland, Vincent. "Amélioration et validation du modèle de fonctionnement de la végétation ISBA-A-gs : stress hydrique et flux de CO2." Toulouse 3, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009717.
Full textChang, Jinfeng. "Amélioration de la représentation des systèmes prairiaux dans un modèle de dynamique de végétation global." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS0010.
Full textThere is an urgent need to improve our knowledge on large scale understanding of the role of grassland in global greenhouse gas (GHG) budget, and of how grassland ecosystem will respond to future global change. This thesis aims at improving the representation of grassland system in the model ORCHIDEE DGVM, and further using the new model to assess carbon (C) and GHG budgets of grassland ecosystem and their responses to climate change and anthropogenic managements. ORCHIDEE-GM (grassland management) was developed through integrating into ORCHIDEE the parameters and functions related to grassland management originated from a managed grassland ecosystem model PaSim. ORCHIDEE-GM was validated at both site-level and continental-level (Europe) through comparing its results to various data from statistics, remote sensing products, and site observations. The new model simulated a significant C and GHG sink of European grassland ecosystem in the recent five decades, and a positive trend of grassland net biome productivity (NBP) during the last two decades. Nearly half (48%) of the positive trend can be attributed to changes in grassland management intensity, namely to the reduction of livestock numbers across the European Union (EU). Moreover, an increase in grassland potential productivity was simulated over Europe in response to future global change. The increase can be attributed to the rising CO2, and importantly, to the phenological shifts caused by warming, which have a series of implications on grassland management, feed security (or vulnerability) and CO2 and water fluxes
Berger, Yves. "Comportements asymptotiques des plans de sondage à probabilités inégales pour un modèle de population fixe." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211962.
Full textNguyên, Vinh-Trang. "Homologie entre le courant électrique et le mouvement migratoire - modèle de répartition énergétique migratoire : comparaison du modèle de répartition énergétique migratoire avec les modèles gravitaires, notamment avec le modèle gravitaire sans contraintes de A. G. Wilson : thèse." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE2015.
Full textOgutu, Benjamin Keroboto Za'Ngoti. "Energy balance mathematical model on climate change." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066224/document.
Full textThe goal of this study is to build a global reduced-complexity model of coupled climate-economy-biosphere interactions, which uses the minimum number of variables and equations needed to capture the fundamental mechanisms involved and can thus help clarify the role of the different mechanisms and parameters. The Coupled Climate-Economy-Biosphere (CoCEB) model takes an integrated assessment approach to simulating global change. While many integrated assessment models treat abatement costs merely as an unproductive loss of income, the study considered abatement activities also as an investment in overall energy efficiency of the economy and decrease of overall carbon intensity of the energy system. The study shows that these efforts help to abate climate change and lead to positive effects in economic growth. Due to the fact that integrated assessment models in the literature mainly focus on mitigation in the energy sector and consider emissions from land-use as exogenous, the global climate-economy-biosphere (CoCEB) model was extended by adding a biomass equation and the related exchanges of CO2 and used to investigate the relationship between the effects of using carbon capture and storage (CCS) and deforestation control, and the economy growth rate. These measures are found to reduce the impacts of climate change and positively affect the economy growth. These results remain nevertheless sensitive to the formulation of CCS costs while those for deforestation control were less sensitive. The model developed brings together and summarizes information from diverse estimates of climate change mitigation measures and their associated costs, and allows comparing them in a coherent way
Personne, Arnaud. "Dynamique du modèle de Moran en environnement aléatoire." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC102.
Full textIn some ecosystems and more particularly in virgin tropical forests, different species having the same ecological requirements coexist in the same environment. For example, some forests have over a hundred different tree species on one hectare. To explain this incrediblediversity, scientists have built models in which the community composition isonly due to the stochastic dispersion of individuals.The mathematical model studied in this thesis follows this line. It was suggested by Mr. Kalyuzhni in an article where he justifies its relevance. It is known as the Moran model in random environment. It is therefore a question of studying a birth and death process taking into account the environmental stochasticity (climates, diseases, etc.) To study this dynamic, we use an approximation by a diffusion, on the classical scale where the acceleration in time is given by the square of the population size, moreover selective advantage and immigration are inversely proportional to thethis size. The selective advantage varies randomly and is modeled by a Markov jump process. We study the convergence in law of the processes sequence and give a quantitative estimate of the error made for a given population. We are then interested in the moments estimation of the population frequencies, motivated in particular by biodiversity indices such as the Simpson's index andbased on the approximations obtained before.In the case of a non-zero selection, the stochastic differential equation governing a moment appeals to the higher order moment. To overcome this difficulty, we create a closure method to reduce the study of the first moments to a finite system of differential equations. We give an estimation of the error made by neglecting the terms of higher degrees. Finally, in the case of two species and with constant coefficients, we give an estimate of the convergence speed of the diffusion towards the stationary measure. In a second time, we are interested in a time scale proportional to the size of the population. This leads to a convergence of the process law towards a deterministic limitcharacterized by an ordinary differential equation. The selection coefficient evolving randomly, still following a Markov jump process, this process is a PDMP.We then study the persistence of the different species and the potential coexistencethanks the persistence theory, developed by Benaïm and Schreiber. In this part, we are particularly interested in the case where all the species persist. With only two environments: we show that two species can persist but not three. With more environments,the explicit classification stay an open problem but an example of persistence with three speciesand three environments is given
Smirani, Nadia. "Etude cinétique du procédé de granulation humide en mélangeur à haut cisaillement." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL021N/document.
Full textIn this study of wet granulation process, we are especially interested in binder liquid distribution as a mean to deduce final granule properties. Then, a tracer method is developed to study binder liquid distribution kinetics during granulation process. Granulation experiments are carried out in high shear mixer Mi-Pro using pharmaceutical excipients. The beginning of the process is characterized by heterogeneous binder liquid distribution. Then, liquid redistribution phenomenon is observed according to a first order model. Granule properties (size, porosity, microscopic observation) are found to be similar when binder liquid is homogeneously distributed among different granule classes. Finally operating conditions influence (speed rate, flow rate and wetting criterion) are discussed. In addition, population balances are used as a tool to model experimental results. Agglomeration kernels are presented depending on particle size and binder liquid ratio. Although experimental results could be satisfactorily modelled, population balances show some limitations related to the difficulty of integrating all the study data
Plattard, Odile. "Repenser l'évacuation d'une population littorale en milieu urbain dans un contexte multi-risques : le modèle STEP." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H087.
Full textThis thesis explore the issue of a pedestrian evacuation of coastal population in an urban environment in case of tsunami and seism, through the implementation of the model STEP. Studies examine two fields: Saint-Laurent-du-Var (France) and Siracusa (Italy). They provide varied configurations of disaster risk exposure and different evacuation strategies for a coastal urban population. Urban environment is the central point of this thesis. First, visibility in an urban context is evaluated through its effect on pedestrian evacuation. Second, by taking into account multi-hazard context through the impacts on buildings from a precursor earthquake and questioning the walkability of evacuation routes to safe areas. The STEP model is a hybrid modelisation combining agent-based and cellular automatons. It is implemented on Saint-Laurent-du-Var based on geographical data (topography, buildings). The tsunami is based on worst-case simulation data. Visibility in an urban context is determined by the height of safe areas and surrounding buildings; it creates “shadow-zones” where people have no line-of-sight to safe areas around them. Walkability of the urban environment is based on the probability of a building collapse according to seismic intensity. Debris may obstruct streets and force people to seek alternative routes to safe areas. According to the worst-case simulation data, three main evacuation scenarios were implemented and explored through parameters related to agents and safe areas. These three scenarios vary the visibility and walkability independently in order to better evaluate the effects of the results. The greatest impact seen within STEP simulations is determined by the location of safe areas and paying attention to seismic activity in an urban environment. This thesis shows the importance of considering specific evacuation requirements for coastal urban environments. It also demonstrates that multi-hazards should be a central concern when defining evacuation strategies for populations
Kielbassa, Janice. "Mathematical modelling of temperature effects on the life-history traits and the population dynamics of bullhead (Cottus gobio)." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10181.
Full textWater temperature plays a key role in the life cycle of fish. Therefore, increasing temperatures due to the expected climate change may have a strong impact on growth, fecundity and survival. The goal of this thesis is to model the impact of temperature on the life-history traits of a bullhead population (Cottus gobio) in order to make predictions both at individual and at population level. The models developed here are calibrated on experimental field data from a population living in the Bez River network (Drôme, France). First, a new back-calculation model is derived that can be used to compute individual fish body lengths at earlier ages from capture data. Next, a growth model is proposed that incorporates the water temperature and can be used to predict the mean length at a given age and temperature. Finally, the population is modelled as a whole by linking all life-history traits to temperature. For this purpose, a spatialised time- and temperature-dependent Leslie matrix model structured in age classes was used to predict the population dynamics under different temperature scenarios
Cayrol, Pascale. "Assimilation de données satellitales dans un modèle de croissance de la végétation et de bilan d'énergie : application à des zones semi-arides." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT040H.
Full textLe, Maire Guerric. "Détermination du bilan de carbone de la forêt de Fontainebleau : apport de la télédétection pour la spatialisation des paramètres d'entrée." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112298.
Full textThe comprehension of the role of the terrestrial ecosystems, and in particular the forests, in the carbon cycle is necessary to apprehend the evolution of atmospheric CO2. The estimation of carbon fluxes and stocks of a managed forest (Fontainebleau Forest, 17000 ha) is carried out with CASTANEA, a forest ecosystem model based on the ecophysiological elementary processes. This model is adapted and spatialized on the study site. Simulations are carried out by homogeneous forest stand, and added on the entire forest. The input parameters are obtained from data bases obtained from forest inventories and pedological inventories carried out by the French National Forest Office (Office National des Forêts), from satellite data and ground measurements. A study of sensitivity of the model is first realized to determine which parameters are most sensitive and thus which parameters must be estimated precisely. Some significant parameters, as the foliar nitrogen concentration or the leaf mass per area are difficult to determine on such scales: the contribution of the satellite hyperspectral remote sensing for the determination of these parameters is explored. Various scales are studied separately: the foliar scale, the scale of canopy and the scale of the forest. An approach combining the simulation of reflectances with the PROSAIL model and experimental measurements, based on reflectance indices, is tested on the various scales. Indices of chlorophyl content and leaf mass per area are obtained with the PROSAIL model and are tested to the experimental measurements
Peng, Zhun. "Population aging and asset prices." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLE009/document.
Full textPopulation of advanced economies is rapidly aging while emerging countries follow closely the same transformation. Population aging is due to three factors: delayed child-bearing, falling birth rates, and rising life expectancy. This process causes significant economic consequences, especially due to the rise in the dependency ratio that is defined as the number of retirees divided by the working age population. This thesis is particularly interested in the consequences of population aging on the price of capital as well as the pension funding under current financial crisis. In the first chapter, we study the effect of the dynamics of population structure on the price of capital in an overlapping generations model with capital adjustment costs. The results show that the asset prices increase and then decrease with changes in the demographic structure. The second chapter focuses on the performance of a large portfolio during turbulent periods in financial markets. Using the copula theory, we develop a methodology for analyzing the exposure of a portfolio to different extreme market risks. The third chapter covers the analysis of the sensitivity of the funding situation of a representative pension fund to market risks, by using the methodology developed in the second chapter. We find that both the asset and liability sides of pension fund's balance sheets are vulnerable to volatile movements in financial markets
DELANNOY, CHRISTINE. "La population de long sejour du cspa (centre de soins pour personnes agees) : a propos de 138 observations, bilan et perspectives." Lille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL2M160.
Full textHANNON, LUDOVIC, and BERTRAND DEMORY. "Le dosage de l'osteocalcine dans une population de 129 sujets temoins, etude des correlations avec le bilan phosphocalcique et l'activite physique." Lille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL2M113.
Full textZitouna-Chebbi, Rim. "Observations et caractérisation des échanges d'eau et d'énergie dans le continuum sol-plante-atmosphère en condition de relief collinaire : cas du bassin versant Kamech, Cap Bon, Tunisie." Montpellier SupAgro, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NSAM0027.
Full textClaudotte, Laurent. "Prédiction de la taille et de la composition des inclusions dans une poche d'acier liquide : étude numérique." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10020/document.
Full textThe steel quality is an important focus for ArcelorMittal. The presence of inclusions in the form of precipitates of different composition can produce defects in the slab (exfoliation) which can affect rolling operations and giving a poor surface sheet of steel. To provide actuators for efficient removal of these inclusions, we must first know the phenomena that govern their birth and their lives. The objective of this thesis is to understand and to predict the stages of germination / growth of solid inclusions present in liquid steel. In this context, a numerical tool has been implemented. It takes into account not only the mechanics of fluid through the use of Fluent® but also thermodynamics with a homemade tool called MIPPHASOLACIDO and an inclusions population size tracking with a new method based on the work of Marchisio et al. (2004). Multi-QMOM is an elegant tool built with a finite number of QMOM (Quadrature Method Of Moments) used to monitor changes of population size. It represents the major innovation of this thesis. The numerical tool whose results were compared to analytical and industrial cases can model the phenomena of precipitation, growth, aggregation and extraction of various solid inclusions. It allows the study of different parameters and their impacts on inclusions population
Le, Xiaohua. "Implémentation d'un modèle d'acteur, application au traitement de données partielles en audit thermique de bâtiment." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529467.
Full textBouyer, Denis. "Analyse expérimentale de la floculation : influence de l'hydrodynamique sur les phénomènes d'agrégation et de rupture." Toulouse, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAT0037.
Full textThe present work concerns coagulation-flocculation in drinking water treatment units. The experimental analysis of the ortho-kinetic step of flocculation is pointed out. The study focuses on the link between hydrodynamics and floc size. Hydrodynamics is investigated with the PIV technique and the floc size is analysed by image processing. Firstly, experiments are performed in a jar-test, and exhibit that the Kolmogorov micro scale calibrates the flocs. Then, experiments are performed in standard agitated tank for the same power input and two different impellers. The average floc size is confirmed being calibrated by turbulence, and yet the floc size distributions depend on local hydrodynamics generated by each impeller
Bardin, Christophe. "Evaluation de différents descripteurs de poids chez le sujet obèse à l’aide d’un modèle de pharmacocinétique de population - application à la metformine, la morphine et l’imatinib." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05P649/document.
Full textPharmacokinetic of drugs may be altered by pathophysiological changes associated with obesity: renal function, body compartments, expression of metabolism proteins. Real impact may be difficult to appreciate due to small number of specific studies. What is the best size-descriptor for optimal dosing in obesity remains a question of importance. Impact of different size descriptors was studied for three drugs currently used in diabetology, pain and oncology. Population pharmacokinetic modeling was done using Monolix® software to evaluate different covariates (LBW, TBW, BSA, …). CL/F and Vd/F of metformin, highly hydrophilic drug, increases positively with body weight (n=105). LBW was the best size-descriptor leading to substancial decrease in the between-subject variability BSV. No size-descriptors showed significant impact for morphine (n=31). Ideal body weight is the best size-descriptor for imatinib and its main metabolite (n=54), lipophilic drug. It explains only a small part of BSV and fixed dosing stays justified. Population PK analysis are the most formal assessment of morphological covariates and no single size descriptor can described all variabilities. Results must lead us to more systematic population PK analysis. Confirmation studies comparing different dosing regimens have to be done
Valente, Jules. "Détermination des processus à l’échelle nanométrique responsables de l’agrégation des particules primaires de silice." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMSE0770.
Full textTires manufactured with precipitated silica instead of carbon black present a significantly lower rolling resistance and are therefore more environmentally friendly. Existence of nanometric aggregates inside the precipitated silica is responsible for its efficiency as a reinforcing filler. This level of structure deeply affects the quality of the interactions between silica and the rubber of the tire tread. Gaining control over the morphology of the aggregates could thus be a way to produce silica even more suited to this application.The aim of the present study is to develop a theoretical model able to predict the formation of silica aggregates during the precipitation process. Critical influence of the synthesis parameters on the aggregation kinetics were evidenced by DLS and online turbidimetry measurements. Morphological parameters of the expanding aggregates could be extracted from the experimental turbidity spectra thanks to a fractal scattering optical model. The observed trend suggested a densification of the aggregates over time. Nitrogen and mercury porosimetry analyses were carried out on the dried powders obtained at the end of the precipitation. Differences between the characterized samples could be related to the variations in their aggregation kinetics. Finally, a population balance model was developed. A specific feature of our model is that it is able to take into account both growth and aggregation of silica particles as well as to simulate their optical properties
Pellegrino, Anne. "Elaboration d'un outil de diagnostic du stress hydrique utilisable sur la vigne en parcelle agricole par couplage d'un modèle de bilan hydrique et d'indicateurs de fonctionnement de la plante." Montpellier, ENSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENSA0004.
Full textThis study was aimed to elaborate a tool to diagnose a posteriori the water stress experienced by vine, witch could be used in a network of farmer's fields. The tool was based on the coupling of a water balance model with a model of classification of assimilates sources and vegetative sinks activities under water stress to characterise, at a daily time step, the influence of water supply on plant status (sources-sinks relationships). The classification model was established from relationships between the fraction of vine's transpirable soil water (FTSW) and maximal net assimilation or parameters and composite indicators of vegetative growth on lateral branches. The water balance model simulating FTSW was parametrized for each farmer's field from predawn leaf water potential measurements (Yb) by the optimisation of a parameter (the total vine's transpirable soil water) on an empirical relationship between Yb and FTSW
Riboust, Philippe. "De la neige au débit : de l'intérêt d'une meilleure contrainte et représentation de la neige dans les modèles." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS018/document.
Full textSnow models are often dependent on the hydrological model they are coupled with, which can promote higher performance on runoff simulation at the expense of snow state simulations performances. The objective of this thesis is to make the calibration of the snow model more independent from the calibration of the hydrological model, while remaining easily usable for runoff forecasting. Calibrating snow model on observed snow data would on one hand improve the robustness of the snow model parameters and on the other hand improve the snowpack modelling. In the first part of this manuscript, we modified the semi-distributed CemaNeige degree-day model so that it can explicitly simulate the watershed snow cover area. This modification coupled with the calibration of the model on snow cover area data and on river runoff data significantly improved the simulation of the snow cover area by the model without significantly deteriorating the runoff performances. Then we started the development of a new point scale snow model. It is based on a radiation model, which simulates incoming radiations from daily temperature range data, and a snowpack model. The snowpack model solves the heat equations within the snowpack by using a spectral representation of the temperature profile. This representation simulates the temperature profile and gradients using fewer state variables than a vertical discretization of the snowpack. In order to be able to use point scale snow observations in the model, it should be distributed on the watershed
Dupont, Etienne. "Population et structure des noyaux ²¹⁰Po et ²¹²Po produits par réactions de transfert." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS429.
Full textSeveral light nuclei, as ¹⁸O, display a ”core+ α” structure. ²¹²Po is the only heavy one where this phenomenon has been highlighted. In this thesis, we combined the measurement of the excitation energy of levels populated via transfer reaction from a ¹² C nucleus on a ²⁰⁸Pb nucleus, and the measurement of the γ decaying of these levels. A first experiment has been performed in inverse kinematic, using the AGATA Germanium array and a thick silicon detector. A second experiment, in direct kinematic has been done at Tokai’s Tandem using a telescope of silicon detectors, 4 HPGe and 4 LaBr₃ crystals. We describe the principle of these detectors, the datareduction up to the kinematical reconstruction, and the simulations used to build the experimental set-up and to validate the data analysis. We have studied 1p, 2p, 2p 1n and α transfer reactions leading to ²⁰⁹Bi, ²¹⁰Po, ²¹¹Po and ²¹²Po at energies around the Coulomb barrier.From the comparison of these reactions channels, we firmly established that the 4 nucleons are transfered simultaneously to produce ²¹²Po. Evolution of the excitation energy with the beam energy has shown that the 212Po states including a strong ”core + α” component lie much preferentially at high excitation energy (E∗ ≥ 3 MeV).Seven new energy levels of ²¹² Po have been discovered, for which spin and parity attributions are proposed. We also measured the partial cross-sections to several levels to characterize their cluster components. We confirmed the large ”core + α” components of the 4⁻₃ and 7⁺₂ and 7+2 states, and the weak ”core + α” components of the 2⁺₁ and 2⁺₂ states.Five new levels of ²¹⁰Po have been discovered. Shell model calculations allowed us to frimly assign spins and parities
Goulet, Véronique. "Comment réduire l'incidence de listériose humaine? : Bilan de 30 ans de surveillance épidémiologique en France." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T036/document.
Full textListeriosis surveillance was built up stage by stage in France since the 1980s on a twofold basis: microbiology and epidemiology. Thanks to the creation of the Listeria National Reference Centre (Centre National de Référence des Listeria), the Pasteur Institute has been doing microbiological surveillance since 1987. Epidemiological surveillance was initiated by the National Health Laboratory, then conducted by the National Health Network and further developed by the National Institute of Health Surveillance. This thesis aims first of all to describe the different stages in the setting up of this surveillance system in order to analyze their respective inputs during these last thirty years. The four stages are:1. From 1982 to 1992: awareness and recognition of the role of food in the transmission of listeriosis and as the source of outbreaks. 2. From 1993 to 2000: building a reliable surveillance system in order to detect and investigate outbreaks in France. 3. From 2000 to 2005: strengthening and perfecting the surveillance system by taking additional measures, such as food sampling.4. Since 2005, we have reached the fourth stage, designed to optimize the surveillance system. This optimization involves adapting surveillance and early warning tools to new knowledge and information. For instance, having established that listeriosis incubation periods vary according to the clinical form of the illness, we suggested the integration of the variation of exposure period factor when interviewing patients with the food questionnaire. On two separate occasions, analysis of the surveillance system performance results made it possible to modify the criteria for early warning so as to optimize surveillance by increasing its specificity whilst reducing costs.The second aim of this thesis is to illustrate how surveillance data can contribute to public health policies. A first study analyzed temporal trends, using all available data in order to give some explanation as to major trends. The first trend was a reduction of incidence from 1987 to 1997 that was concomitant with control measures by the food industry and a drop in food contamination. The increased trend observed in 2006-2007 appears to be due to several factors. The increased rate of sales of proton pump inhibitors medication could be the major factor in this increase. In a second study, we ranked groups at risk of acquiring listeriosis based on the incidence of listeriosis and its lethality in each group. This enabled us to identify the most vulnerable groups : hematological malignancy, some cancers (digestive, lung, and brain cancer), dialysis, cirrhosis, organ transplantation and pregnancy. Epidemiological analysis of listeriosis cases associated with pregnancy indicated an association between regions with low rate listeriosis associated with pregnancy and regions where toxoplasmosis prevalence of pregnant women is low. This suggests that recommendations for avoiding toxoplasmosis have a positive effect on preventing listeriosis during pregnancy