Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modèle d'équation structurelle'
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Park, Jong-Dal. "Les déterminants de la satisfaction et de la fidélité du visiteur fréquentant le musée national d'art en Corée du sud." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00346547.
Full textJakobowicz, Emmanuel. "Contributions aux modèles d'équations structurelles à variables latentes." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00207990.
Full textTami, Myriam. "Approche EM pour modèles multi-blocs à facteurs à une équation structurelle." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT303/document.
Full textStructural equation models enable the modeling of interactions between observed variables and latent ones. The two leading estimation methods are partial least squares on components and covariance-structure analysis. In this work, we first describe the PLS and LISREL methods and, then, we propose an estimation method using the EM algorithm in order to maximize the likelihood of a structural equation model with latent factors. Through a simulation study, we investigate how fast and accurate the method is, and thanks to an application to real environmental data, we show how one can handly construct a model or evaluate its quality. Finally, in the context of oncology, we apply the EM approach on health-related quality-of-life data. We show that it simplifies the longitudinal analysis of quality-of-life and helps evaluating the clinical benefit of a treatment
Shah, Javaid Ali. "Antecedents and outcomes of cognitive dissonance at the workplace : a cultural and work ethics perspective." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/211021_SHAH_621gfg248i625xxhjh811ezrhb_TH.pdf.
Full textEmployees face several situations where they feel the discrepancy between their beliefs and behaviors, which create a distressful feeling, impacting their decision-making and work behaviors. This study focused on gaining in-depth knowledge about cognitive dissonance from various employees’ viewpoints. The first qualitative part explains antecedents and effects of cognitive dissonance, analyzing 30 semi-interviews of employees of universities, banks, and MNCs. The second study investigated the relationships between Cognitive dissonance and job satisfaction, turnover intention, job performance, and employee voice behavior. It analyzed the mediating effect of work ethics in these relationships, analyzing 304 responses from Pakistan. Regression analysis results found significant associations between cognitive dissonance and the dependent variables. Results also found work ethics to be a significant mediator in the hypothesized relationships. The third study analyzed the relationships between Cognitive dissonance on employees’ work behavior and attitudes in two national cultures. The data were collected from 538 respondents from various sectors in France and Pakistan. Hierarchical regression analysis results found significant relationships between cognitive dissonance and employee voice behavior, job satisfaction, job performance, and turnover intention. Further analysis showed that the French employees were more prone to turnover intention. Their voice behaviors had a less negative effect in dissonant situations than those of Pakistani employees. However, two hypotheses regarding the moderating effect of culture on job satisfaction and job performance were not accepted
Monneret, Gilles. "Inférence de réseaux causaux à partir de données interventionnelles." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS290/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is the use of current transcriptomic data in order to infer a gene regulatory network. These data are often complex, and in particular intervention data may be present. The use of causality theory makes it possible to use these interventions to obtain acyclic causal networks. I question the notion of acyclicity, then based on this theory, I propose several algorithms and / or improvements to current techniques to use this type of data
Ehrminger, Mickael. "Modélisation et quantification des déterminants de l’outcome dans les troubles mentaux sévères et persistants." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASR007.
Full textBipolar disorders and schizophrenia are among the most severe mental disorders regarding their impact on daily life.The management of these disorders recently shifted from a mostly medical approach focusing on symptom remission towards a more integrative approach aiming at improving other outcomes, such as quality of life or psychosocial functioning.A collaboration between the Ministries of Health and Research and the Fondamental Foundation permitted the creation of cohorts of patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, incorporating multidimensional measures (clinical, psychosocial, cognitive, …) over several years of follow-up.This doctoral work consisted in exploiting these data collected by the Fondamental Foundation in order to create structural equation models to explain phenomena observed in those mental disorders. First, we modeled the longitudinal relationships between cognition and psychosocial functioning in patients with bipolar disorder. Then, we created a model of the longitudinal relationships between insight, quality of life, depression and suicidality in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Finally, we sought to identify the cross-sectionnal correlates of quality of life in schizophrenia.Our results allowed us to draw several conclusions which may help managing schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Also, we advocate the use of structural equation modeling in psychiatry
Treserras, Sébastien. "Études sur la connectivité cérébrale : aspects méthodologiques et applications au cerveau au repos, à la motricité et à la lecture." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1244/.
Full textThe cerebral connectivity implemented in functional neuroimagery, allows to better understand the relations between cortical areas. Two approaches may be used to study these relations: functional and effective connectivity. The present thesis deals about both theory of these methods and theirs applications to various cognitive situations using fMRI. Functional connectivity was chosen to study modification of cerebral activity during the transition from the resting to an activated state. We showed that two networks (resting state network and motor system network) that were independent during the resting state happened to be connected during a movement readiness state. This result suggests that default-mode network plays a role triggering the cognitive network dedicated to perform the task (motor). Effective connectivity was used to describe influences among brain regions. We applied structural equation modeling (SEM) on two different studies: one focused on motor learning and the other on the reading skill. For the first one, we showed that different learning strategies correspond to different modulation of connexions between solicited areas; for the second one we demonstrated that the linguistic load of presented items wad correlated with the connexion weight between Broca area and the left superior parietal lobule. As well as methodologic aspect, this thesis work confirms the potential of an cerebral connectivity analysis in functional neuroimagery studies
Komarev, Iliya. "La place des budgets dans le dispositif de contrôle de gestion: une approche contingente." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00259505.
Full textMasson, Marine. "Contribution à la modélisation des préférences des consommateurs en fonction de dimensions sensorielles et subjectives par les modèles d'équations structurelles.Application aux préférences des sièges conducteurs de véhicules." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGPT0015.
Full textIn Sensory Science, preference mapping is used to explain consumers' preferences with sensory data. This PhD aims to integrate not only sensory data but also new variables that are related to consumers' perception of the product in the modelling of consumers' preferences. These variables are labelled as subjective dimensions. They address the pragmatic dimensions that cover the context of use of the products and more symbolic dimensions, such as aesthetics, modernity, originality…An exploratory study based on coffee cups was a first mean to approach the issues related to subjective dimensions. Then, all the work was done on a study of 11 car seats. The first step consisted in qualitative interviews of 16 consumers and of 2 designers. These interviews allowed identifying the subjective dimensions that characterize car seats. 110 consumers then performed a quantitative evaluation of their preferences and subjective dimensions. Finally, the seats were characterized by experts with sensory descriptors. The consumers' preferences were modelled according to both sensory data and subjective dimensions, using structural equations: the Partial Least Square Path Modeling. Four models based on preferences clustering were established. The contribution of two kinds of data differed according to the considered cluster, which led to the identification of four customer profiles. From a methodological point of view, this work provides first elements about the benefit of subjective dimensions in preference modelling. The methodology is being implemented on a food product: chocolate
Abonneau, David. "Retenir les apprentis dans l’entreprise et le métier : enjeux du mentorat dans le secteur de l’artisanat." Thesis, Paris 9, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA090051.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study the mentoring functions exercised by apprenticeship masters in the craft industry. This issue echoes the difficulties small business leaders may have to retain new staff trained through apprenticeship in a trade suffering from a structural shortage of qualified workforce. Drawing on social exchange theory, this thesis focuses on the impact of mentoring on the intent to leave. Two mechanisms have been identified and empirically explored: the values clarity mechanism and the mediating commitment mechanism. This double mechanism, operating on both the organizational and occupational level, was instrumental in the understanding of how mentoring functions, and the role model activity in particular, have a positive impact on short-term apprentice retention in the business, and long-term retention in the profession. 230 French Compagnons apprentices have been interviewed with questionnaires after 6 months in the business. The collected data has been processed statistically using the structural equation modeling approach
Bui, Ngoc Nhu Nguyet. "Proposition d'un modèle explicatif de la consommation socialement responsable : une application portant sur les consommatrices vietnamiennes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAG011.
Full textConsumer wants, through his or her consumption, to eliminate any negative effects and maximize the long-term beneficial impact on the society. This type of consume is known as socially responsible consumption. There exist a large body of literature on this concept in Western countries, but relatively few studies focused on countries in Asia in general and Vietnam in particular. This doctoral has two main aims. The first aim was to build a socially responsible consumption scale in the context of Vietnam. The second one was to propose and validate a consumer decision-making model regarding socially responsible consumption in a perspective of values in which cultural orientations, human values, perceived consumer effectiveness and perceived value directly and indirectly influence on consumer behavior. Our thesis highlights a socially responsible consumption structure in five facets: social orientation, ethical orientation, environmental awareness, local consumption and anxiety of economy with three Vietnamese typical behaviors. Modeling structural equations allows to partially validating the proposed model. Indeed, the vertical collectivism indirectly influences the socially responsible consumption via social-oriented values that are themselves directly influence the socially responsible consumption and indirectly influences the latter, via the perceived consumer effectiveness and perceived value. However, the consumer decision process is not the same between the two socially responsible consumer studied facets
Bussière, Clémence. "Recours aux soins de santé primaires des personnes en situation de handicap : analyses économiques à partir des données de l’enquête Handicap-Santé." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS049/document.
Full textDisability is multifactorial. All its components are potential sources of barriers and disadvantages. The originality of this thesis is to take into account the complexity of disability definition to analyze the use of primary health care. The ultimate goal of primary health care is better health for all, reducing exclusion and social inequalities in access to the health care system. We approach disability in different ways, ending with a model that includes the three dimensions of a “disability situation” (functional dimension, environmental dimension and social participation). First we analyze the functional dimension considering people with disabilities as physically limited. Then, we investigate the environmental dimension through analysis among adults living in institutions. Finally, we adopt a global vision of disability that integrates all the dimensions simultaneously through the measures of latent capabilities. The estimated model approximates a fundamental inter-individual comparability and reveals all things being equal, the levels on which to act to overcome inequalities. The analyses suggest that favorable environment, societal and/or socioeconomic could offset the negative impact of the limitations and cognitive and physical restrictions. We conclude on several possible waysto improve the use of primary care: acting on the environmental dimension and acting on social participation
Bonneton, Domitille. "The outcomes of talent management in multinational companies : a multilevel perspective." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E034.
Full textTalent management is a relatively recent field of research, but appears as crucial for multinational companies. Few studies analyze the consequences of exclusive talent management practices.Exclusive talent management focuses on the attraction, development and retention of one segment of employees, those with better potential or performance. This doctoral dissertation aims at analyzing its outcomes at several levels: the individual, the group and the organization. We build on several theoretical frameworks to answer our research questions. We conducted three distinct studies, based on qualitative and quantitative data, collected in two multinational companies. At the individual level,the results show the impact of talent management practices on the career of employees. At the group level, we show how exclusive talent management shapes a sub-group of employees with common attitudes and behaviors, who build an organizational elite. At the organizational level, we analyze how these programs can contribute to the retention of the future leaders and what other positive or negative consequences talent management can have
Chatti, Houcine. "Les déterminants de succès d'une implantation ERP dans un contexte tunisien." Toulouse 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU10069.
Full textERP system is one of the most important innovations which impacts the business world, by generating improvements as much tangible than intangible in many professional environments. The interest growing for ERP-solutions is explained, thus, by the promises which such systems offer, both for the large companies and SME. Nevertheless, the ERP broad field and the work-flows changes of work which accompany its establishment, increase not only the awaited benefit but also the inherent risks with this type of projects. This constant, let us to focus on the determinants of success and the advantages of adoption of this technology. To answer this questioning, an analysis being referred, on one hand, the process of organisational integration and on the other hand, the literature review inherent in the success evaluation of information systems and the IT impact on organisational performance, made it possible to formulate an original research model for ERP success evaluation following a prospect for IT infrastructure integration. The model, thus suggested, examines, according to a systemic approach, the relation between (1) the ERP acceptance determinants, (2) the effects of the process of ERP systems diffusion, and (3) the impacts awaited on the organisational performance. The empirical validation of this model is carried out through: an exploratory study and a confirmatory analysis. The results obtained underline the preponderance on the one hand control of information and the improvement of the competences use as a benefit of ERP establishment, and on the other hand the quality team project, the definition of the project team mission, the users training, the business processes reengineering and the selection of ERP solution, as determinants of ERP projects success. While contributing to validate certain theoretical and conceptual results former work, these results offers to the companies a framework of the evaluation of ERP project success making it possible to justify this kind of investment and to evaluate its repercussions
Zouari, Dorsaf. "Analyse des mécanismes de coordination contractuels et relationnels au sein des chaines logistiques." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENG014.
Full textIn a supply chain, the value creation potential can only be achieved through effective management of inter-organizational relationships (Madhok and Tallman, 1998). Xu and Beammon (2006) underline the need for a set of resources and tools to manage interdependencies and take consistent decisions while emphasizing the importance of coordination mechanisms. Thus, the objective of this thesis is to figure out elements that make up the inter-organizational coordination in the supply chain. Moreover, we analyze inter-organizational coordination between supply chain partners and the role of contractual and relational mechanisms for managing their interests and resolve conflicts. More specifically, through this Dissertation we seek to answer the following question: What is the impact of coordination mechanisms and contractual relationship on inter-organizational coordination of the supply chain? To better understand this phenomenon, a qualitative study was conducted with fifteen professionals in supply chain management field. A thematic content analysis helped define more accurately the various components of inter-organizational coordination. The collected materials were confronted with the analysis of the literature and then tested on a sample of 216 respondents in the field of supply chain management. Quantitative data collected was analyzed using a principal component analysis in order to purify our scales. We then used the PLS -PM of structural equation models (Partial Least Squares Regression) to estimate the convergent and discriminant validity of the measurement scales validity. This method allowed us to validate our research hypotheses concerning the model of inter-organizational coordination of the supply chain. The results of this research highlight the link between the mechanisms of coordination and contractual relationship and their impact on collaboration, their roles in mastering the difficulties of coordination and their weight on the evaluation of the effectiveness of the contract. We also studied an impact on the type of partner (strategic, non-strategic) on inter-organizational coordination of the supply chain
Martin, Nicolas Pierre Yves. "Acceptabilité, acceptation et expérience utilisateur : évaluation et modélisation des facteurs d’adoption des produits technologiques." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20014/document.
Full textThe understanding of main dimensions influencing the evaluation and adoption of technological product by users is a growing up research field (Yeh & Teng, 2012). Majority of previous research was based on three theories: acceptability/Acceptance (i.e., key variables in product adoption; Dubois & Bobillier- Chaumon, 2010), user experience (i.e., functional and non-functional qualities influencing experience with a product; Hassenzahl, 2004) and affective-motivational factors (i.e., dimensions related to human functioning influencing judgements and behaviors). Nevertheless, to our knowledge, no unified approach was proposed. Thus, the objective of the thesis was to create a new measurement tool linking these theoretical fields. For the purpose, several studies were conducted at several temporalities of user judgment. The results indicated satisfactory psychometrics proprieties for the proposed measurement tool. Moreover, the statistical modeling showed a main effect of perceived usefulness through evaluation time. Lastly, work has been done in order to propose single-items scales, limiting the classical modeling problems with short scales, to facilitate futures experimentations
Privat, Hélène. "Étude des motivations au sélisme : dimensionnement, antécédents et influence sur la pratique séliste." Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0114/document.
Full textAccording to the magazine Terra Eco (20 I 4), 48%o of French people are regular users of collaborative consumption, and 32%o of them are considering doing it. Despite the consumer craze for those alternative exchanges, comparatively, only a few marketing studies on the topic are currently made, This research's aim is therefore to analyse the various motivations of members from a physical network of collaborative consumption through the study of the local exchange trading system (LETS). The first chapter is focused on a state of play of the LETS, through its history, its geographical extent, its aims and uses. The second chapter will observe the LETS under an academic point of view. Through a litterature review, it will show how the differents disciplines are explaining this reality. It will also highlight in details what is determining LETS practices, and will end up suggesting an influence model on motivations behind becoming a LETS member, and their antecedents to the LETS practice. The third chapter will strenghten the model by a deep analysis of l6 semi-directives interviews of LETS users. The fourth chapter will put a light on the methodology used to test it. The fifth chapter will define a motivation scale on why becoming a LETS member, and to validate the measuring scales of the model. The sixth chapter will finally test the model and dig the results deeper. This quantitative study is based on a sample of 957 LETS users. Our thesis main assets are: a modelisation of the LETS member behavior, the discovery of two new motivations to join a LETS-distraction and intellectual enrichment, the creation of a motivation scale behind the decision of joining a LETS, analysis of their influences on the LETS practice, and the creation of a LETS member typology. To conclude, and based on those results, we'll come up with managing advices to give to LETS, to social or private workers from collaborative consumption networks, and also to the State and to territorial collectivities
Toti, Boga Jean-François. "Rôle de l'éthique dans le processus de décision d'achat du consommateur et consommation éthique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM2011.
Full textConsumption is part of the mechanisms that allow individuals to distinguish themselves, especially through culture, sports and food practices. Academics found that consumers express their ethics through their consumption choices. However, the definition of ethical consumption remains quite blurred in the field of consumer behavior and its measurement is not always appropriate. We propose in this research to clarify the concepts of consumer’s ethical sensibility (CES) and consumer’s ethical consumption behavior (ECB). Then, we build an appropriate conceptual framework to explore ethics in the field of consumption. First, a qualitative study was conducted with 14 in-depth interviews and then, in a second step, a quantitative data collection was conducted among 559 consumers. The results open interesting perspectives for academics and managers in the field of consumer ethics
Sengès, Eloïse. "Antécédents, manifestations et effets du Bien Vieillir Désiré sur la consommation des seniors." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED033.
Full textAging well is now a key stake for senior marketing, yet this concept remains little investigated by consumer research. A new concept is introduced in marketing research: Desired Aging Well (DAW), which refers to the psychological, physical, social and financial objectives, pursued in the quest for aging well. This research provides a reliable and valid bifactor measurement model for Desired Aging Well, in four dimensions: general DAW, physical DAW, social DAW and financial DAW. Its influence is tested on eight consumer behaviors related to the following sectors: food, e-health, plastic surgery, leisure, financial investments, social networks and dating sites. The Desired Aging Well scale and the overall antecedents-manifestations-effects model are validated on a sample of 900 French senior people aged from 50 to 80. The results suggest the development of a new marketing approach for seniors: aging well marketing. Its investigation and implementation are rooted in four key concepts: Desired Aging Well, perceived aging, adjustment to aging expectations and aging well consumption
Sibé, Matthieu. "L'hôpital magnétique : définition, conceptualisation, attributs organisationnels et conséquences perçues sur les attitudes au travail." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1G031.
Full textMany contemporary findings are alarmed of the recurring discomfort of hospital human resources, especially against doctors and nurses, and consequently against risk of poor quality of care for patients. Adopting a more optimistic approach, American nursing scholars have highlighted since the 1980s, some magnet hospitals, able to attract and retain, and with good working and care conditions. This thesis aims to explore Magnet Hospital concept, to inform its definition and scope for hospital human resource management in France. According to a hypothetico-deductive approach, based on a review of the literature, the conceptualization begins with appropriation of synthetic Magnet Hospital model. Under a psychosocial perspective, our original research model focuses on perception of managerial magnetic attributes (transformational leadership, perceived empowerment of participation, collegial climate between doctors and nurses) and their consequences on positive job attitudes (satisfaction, commitment, intent to rest, emotional equilibrium work/family, perceived collective efficacy), at wards level. A quantitative methodology proceeds by a questionnaire of 8 ad hoc scales and interviews 133 doctors, 361 nurses, 362, auxiliary nurses, in 36 French medicine units. A set of structural equations modeling, according to Partial Least Squares, tests nature and intensity of direct and indirect relationships of perceived managerial magnetism. The statistical results show a good validity of constructs and a good fit of models. The major positive effect of magnetic managerial context is on perceived collective efficacy. Some professional differences exist about perceptions of composition and transmission of magnetic effects (via mediation of perceived collective efficacy), indicating the contingency of magnetism. These findings open managerial and scientific opportunities, emphasizing the interest for positive organizational approach of hospital
Pousson, Jeanna-Eve. "Déterminants du recours au dépistage du cancer du col de l'utérus chez les femmes obèses The determinants of cervical cancer screening uptake in women with obesity : application of the Andersen's behavioral model to the CONSTANCES survey Patterns of gynaecological check-up and their association with body mass index within the CONSTANCES cohort." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS035.
Full textUsing data from the Constances cohort, this work allowed to better understand the cervical cancer screening (CCS) uptake amongst obese women by determining the precise role played by their health status and healthcare use, including primary care follow-up and gyneacological check-up. We highlighted that the health status of obese women played a complex role in their participation in CCS: it could be a barrier or a lever. Existing comorbidities were linked to better CCS. This is the result of a quality primary care monitoring but also probably of the woman’s desire to take care of her health. A severe obesity was linked to a lower participation in CCS, whether the woman visited a gynaecologist or not. The gynaecological check-up (characterized with gynaecological cancers screening uptake and visits to the gynaecologist over four years) was described among all women. While normal weight women were often more involved in overscreening, obese women’s gynaecological check-up was more heterogeneous. The differences in the patterns according to BMI were in part explained by the lower socioeconomic situation of obese women when compared to the other women
Cally, Jean Romain. "La certitude des consommateurs : concept et analyse des effets dans le cas de la nationalité de la marque." Thesis, La Réunion, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LARE0029/document.
Full textTo communicate effectively, marketers need to know the process according to which consumers perceive and choose brands. Within these processes, consumer certainty plays an important role, particularly in the determinacy of product items. In this thesis, this role is analyzed through a variable that globalization contributes both to distort and amplify: brand's nationality. Data analysis and statistics indicates: The « mediating » effect of attitude toward the brand, which indicates "how" the country's image and certainty can influence consumer purchase intentions, The « moderating » effect of certainty of belief, which indicates "When" consumers can use an image of the « country of origin » in a decision process. Managerial and theoretical implications are discussed, so that managers can monitor the nationality associated with their brands and avoid negative effects for the company
Demeyer, Séverine. "Approche bayésienne de l'évaluation de l'incertitude de mesure : application aux comparaisons interlaboratoires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CNAM0750.
Full textStructural equation modelling is a widespread approach in a variety of domains and is first applied here to interlaboratory comparisons in metrology. Structural Equation Models with latent variables (SEM) are multivariate models used to model causality relationships in observed variables (the data). It is assumed that data can be grouped into separate blocks each describing a latent concept modelled by a latent variable. The correlation structure of the observed variables is transferred into the correlation structure of the latent variables. A Bayesian approach of SEM is proposed based on the analysis of the correlation matrix of latent variables using parameter expansion to overcome identifiability issues and improving the convergence of the Gibbs sampler. SEM is used as a powerful and flexible tool to model measurement bias with the aim of improving the reliability of the consensus value and its associated uncertainty in a fully Bayesian framework. The approach also allows to compute the contributions of the observed variables to the bias of the laboratories, under additional hypotheses. More generally a global Bayesian framework is proposed to improve the quality of measurements. The approach is illustrated on the structural equation modelling of measurement bias in interlaboratory comparisons in environment
Bodin, Julie. "Déterminants professionnels des troubles musculo-squelettiques de l'épaule : intérêt de la prise en compte des facteurs organisationnels Forms of work organization and their associations with shoulder disorders: results from a French working population. Risk factors for shoulder pain in French workers: A Structural Equation Model." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0086.
Full textMusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) represent one of the most worrying issues in occupational health. They bear witness to the intensification of working conditions which affects an increasing number of workers. The aim of this thesis was to study the complex relationships between occupational factors and shoulder disorders, with attention paid to organizational factors. Three working populations were studied : the Cosali cohort, one automobile company and one pharmaceutical company. The study of the organizational characteristics of work situations by ascendant hierarchical clustering of variables and individuals of the Cosali cohort identified a Taylorist form of work organization. Among these employees, shoulder disorders were more frequent. Structural equation modeling has shown that organizational factors are distal determinants of MSDs by influencing exposure to psychosocial and physical factors, while exposure to physical factors in turn influences shoulder pain. The application of the methodology to the two populations of automotive and pharmaceutical companies confirmed the relevance of the Cosali model. In conclusion, organizational factors are key determinants of the onset of shoulder disorders by cascading the conditions of exposure to the psychosocial and physical factors that workers face. This original epidemiological knowledge improves understanding of the chain of determinants of MSDs and will contribute to the targeting of prevention interventions on modifiable occupational determinants
Janawade, Vikrant. "Evaluation par le consommateur des services offerts par des réseaux de firmes : valeur perçue, satisfaction et comportement dans le contexte des alliances aériennes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM2010.
Full textThis research explores the services offered by networked firms and the way in which they are perceived by the customers. Nowadays customers are facing more and more often complex service situations which drastically differ from the simple situations traditionally analysed by service marketing and management studies (a single service delivered by a well identified single firm deliberately chosen by the consumer). Service firms now propose more and more complex and enriched offerings (service "flowers", "bunches" or "constellations") grouping several providers, but among them some are hardly identifiable by the customer. Consumers' decision is made simpler but a part of their liberty of choice has been lost. Little is known about the consequences this can have on their future behaviour.The main hypothesis is that after experiencing a service delivered by networked firms, the consumers synthesize all their perceptions in terms of the perceived value of the network; furthermore, this assessment will largely determine their behavioural intentions. A quantitative survey shows that such a hypothesis can be accepted. This survey was conducted in the field of airline industry, aiming at multi-lateral airline alliances. This context is particularly appropriate to our subject because during such a travel, services are delivered to passengers by independent airline companies as well as by the common organisation in charge of the co-ordination and co-operation. The structural equations model tested using the PLS-SEM method also identifies the determinants of perceived value of an alliance in the specific context of long haul flights and their respective weights and contributions
Demeyer, Séverine. "Approche bayésienne de l'évaluation de l'incertitude de mesure : application aux comparaisons interlaboratoires." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00585727.
Full textJanawade, Vikrant. "Evaluation par le consommateur des services offerts par des réseaux de firmes : valeur perçue, satisfaction et comportement dans le contexte des alliances aériennes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM2010.
Full textThis research explores the services offered by networked firms and the way in which they are perceived by the customers. Nowadays customers are facing more and more often complex service situations which drastically differ from the simple situations traditionally analysed by service marketing and management studies (a single service delivered by a well identified single firm deliberately chosen by the consumer). Service firms now propose more and more complex and enriched offerings (service "flowers", "bunches" or "constellations") grouping several providers, but among them some are hardly identifiable by the customer. Consumers' decision is made simpler but a part of their liberty of choice has been lost. Little is known about the consequences this can have on their future behaviour.The main hypothesis is that after experiencing a service delivered by networked firms, the consumers synthesize all their perceptions in terms of the perceived value of the network; furthermore, this assessment will largely determine their behavioural intentions. A quantitative survey shows that such a hypothesis can be accepted. This survey was conducted in the field of airline industry, aiming at multi-lateral airline alliances. This context is particularly appropriate to our subject because during such a travel, services are delivered to passengers by independent airline companies as well as by the common organisation in charge of the co-ordination and co-operation. The structural equations model tested using the PLS-SEM method also identifies the determinants of perceived value of an alliance in the specific context of long haul flights and their respective weights and contributions
Adjiwanou, Visseho. "Contexte de genre, autonomie des femmes et utilisation des services de santé maternelle en milieu rural africain : analyse par modèles d’équations structurelles." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10336.
Full textIn Africa, the lives of women and their offspring continue to be threatened at every birth because of the underuse of maternal health care. It is estimated that every year about a quarter of a million the number of maternal deaths and nearly four million children die before age five. Comparing the health patterns in sub-Saharan Africa with other contexts helps to better understand the reality of sub-Saharan Africa, where the risk of death in pregnancy is of the order of 1 to 31, while it is only 1 per 4300 in industrialized countries. This situation is preventable and most often is the result of under or non-use of maternal health services, lack of adequate health care facilities or skilled health personnel. This thesis seeks to understand how gender inequality within the household and in the community reinforces inequalities in the use of maternal health services, as well as the empirical relationship linking the various types of maternal health care uptakes. Specifically, it aims to 1) provide a measure of gender norms favorable to violence against women and to analyze its influence on women’s decision-making authority within the household, 2) simultaneously analyze the impact of these gender norms along with the women’s decision-making authority on the use of antenatal care and delivery assistance, and finally, 3) determine the influence of antenatal care on the use of assisted delivery. Each of these objectives faces substantial methodological issues, either measurement or selection bias, which the structural equation modeling approach we adopted overcomes. The results of our analysis, in the form of scientific articles, are based on the data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of Ghana, Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania and are related to women living in rural areas. Our first article provides a measure of gender norms and, more specifically, those related to violence against women by using the approach of latent variables. The five questions of the DHS on women's attitudes about the legitimacy of violence allowed measuring these gender norms at contextual level. The results suggest that this measure has good validity criteria as the Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.85 to 0.94 for Kenya to Ghana, the chi-square is insignificant everywhere, the RMSEA is below 0.05 and the CFI above 0.96 and saturation are mostly higher than 0.7 in all countries. On the other hand, using multilevel structural equation modeling, we found that beyond their own attitude toward violence against women, women who live in an environment where gender norms are more favorable to violence are more likely to be of low or no decision-making autonomy (compared to high decision-making autonomy) in all the countries studied. The second Article documents the influence of the gender inequality identified at the contextual level by the gender norms favorable to violence against women and at the individual level by the women’s autonomy of decision-making within the household, on the occurrence of antenatal care during the first quarter, and the use of at least four antenatal care and assisted delivery with skilled professional. Also using multilevel structural equation modeling on the same data of article 1, we find that each of these dependent variables is strongly influenced by the cluster in which the woman lives. In other words, her place of residence determines the maternal health behavior she adopts. Similarly, controlling for other variables, our results show that women who live in an environment where gender norms related to violence against women are higher, have on average, a greater chance of not giving birth with a qualified staff in Ghana and Uganda, of not starting their antenatal care in the first trimester in the same countries, and of not reaching at least four antenatal care visits in Tanzania. By cons, this contextual variable does not significantly affect the use of maternal health care in Kenya. Finally, the results show that norms in favor of gender violence against women are more critical to understand the use of maternal health care in the countries studied than the women’s decision-making autonomy. Chapter VII is the last empirical paper of the thesis and examines the effects of prenatal care on the use of skilled birth attendance and also investigates the role of the content of prenatal care in this relationship. Previous studies on the topic have failed to control for possible endogeneity biases, limiting the validity of their conclusions. Our findings point to the existence of important biases in Kenya and Tanzania, where the estimated effect of prenatal care on the use of skilled birth attendance is highly biased downwards when endogeneity is not taken into account in the statistical model. Furthermore, with the exception of Ghana and, to a lesser extent, of Tanzania, our findings indicate that the beneficial effects of prenatal health care are completely mediated by the content of services that women receive. This study emphasizes the role of healthcare providers who, to effectively reach populations, must also act as leaders in their community.
Laroque, Flavie. "Intimidation à l'école et manifestations psychopathologiques : voies temporelles et rôle modérateur des profils de personnalité." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25288.
Full textBullying victimization is a salient stressor that is associated with a broad variety of psychopathology. The lack of prospective studies has made it difficult to disentangle the temporal precedence of these associations. The present study aimed to (1) examine reciprocal cross-lagged associations between bullying victimization, internalizing, and externalizing symptoms, (2) study the specificity of effects through personality profiles as moderators in the association between bullying victimization, internalizing, and externalizing symptoms, (3) explore mediation effects between bullying victimization and alcool use through internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and (4) identify neural correlates underlying the association between bullying victimization, internalizing, and externalizing symptoms during adolescence. Data from a 5-year longitudinal cohort study (Co-Venture) of a population-based sample (n = 3800, 49.2% female, mean age = 12.8, SD = 0.4 years), and neuroimaging data from a sub-sample of 151 participants (54.3% female, mean age = 13.6, SD = 0.6 years, 3 neuroimaging sessions) were analyzed. Random intercepts cross-lagged panel models (objective 1) and multilevel models (objectives 2, 3, 4) were conducted to estimate cross-lagged effects (reciprocal influences between variables), between-person effects (overall effects, over a 5-year period), within-person effects (concurrent effects, within a year), and lagged-within-person effects (lasting effects, past year). Results provided evidence for bidirectional effects between bullying victimization and internalizing symptoms, and unidirectional effects from bullying victimization to externalizing symptoms (study 1). Anxiety sensitivity and hopelessness increased common vulnerability and concurrent effect of bullying victimization on internalizing symptoms. Impulsivity and sensation seeking increased common vulnerability and concurrent effect of bullying victimization on externalizing symptoms (study 2). There was significant between and within effects on alcohol use through internalizing symptoms for adolescents with high anxiety sensitivity and hopelessness, and significant between, within, and lagged effects on alcohol use through externalizing for adolescents with high impulsivity and sensation seeking (study 3). Adolescents prone to higher bullying victimization were prone to higher volumes in the right superior orbitofrontal gyrus, left middle orbitofrontal gyrus, and right thalamus, and, to lower volumes in the right para-hippocampal gyrus, bilateral putamen, and bilateral amygdala over the 5-year period. An increase in bullying 8 victimization in a given year is followed by a steeper decrease in the right thalamus volume, and a smaller volumetric increase in the bilateral amygdala during that same year. An increase in bullying victimization in a given year was associated with increased externalizing symptoms through a smaller volumetric increase in the right amygdala, during that year (study 4). Findings suggest that bullying victimization confers additional risk for psychopathological outcomes, and implicate two risk pathways that account for how bullying victimization enhances alcohol use risk and emphasize the importance of personality profiles that can shape the immediate and long-term consequences of victimization. Findings also suggest that bullying victimization plays a role in shaping brain development, but when victimization experiences can be addressed and stopped, such changes appears to be short-lived, and have immediate repercussion on mental health. Current interventions should broaden their scope to simultaneously target bullying victimization and psychopathology as each of these manifestations co-occurent within a year.