Journal articles: 'Model top plate'

1

Richardson, B. E., and G. W. Roberts. "A finite‐element model of the guitar top plate." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 77, S1 (April 1985): S45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2022341.

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Szekrényes, András. "Analytical solution of some delamination scenarios in thick structural sandwich plates." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 21, no. 4 (June 19, 2017): 1271–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636217714182.

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The first-, second- and third-order shear deformation plate theories are applied in this work to model thick rectangular sandwich plates with through-width delamination. The models are based on the concept of the four equivalent single layers and the system of exact kinematic conditions. Three different scenarios are considered: the failure of the core, the delamination between the top facesheet and the core, and finally, the case when the delamination takes place in the local midplane of the top facesheet. A general model is derived and applied to sandwich plates with Lévy type boundary conditions. The governing equations are summarized and the state-space model of the system is created. The mechanical fields are calculated and compared to finite element results. The comparison shows that the first-order sandwich plate model is inaccurate, on the other hand, the second- and third-order theories capture very well the mechanical fields compared to finite element results. The J-integral distribution is also calculated along the delamination front and it is concluded that the third- and second-order models give very good approximations of the results by finite element analysis and the virtual crack closure technique.

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Ausich, William I. "Crinoid plate circlet homologies." Journal of Paleontology 70, no. 6 (November 1996): 955–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000038658.

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A model for crinoid plate circlet homologies is proposed based on a tricyclic (four-circlet) aboral cup, with Aethocrinus the characteristic tricyclic crinoid. The plate circlets in the aboral cup of Aethocrinus, from bottom to top, are lintels (named herein), infrabasals, basals, and radials. In this model, traditional interpretation is maintained for the aboral cup plates of most crinoids. Cladids, flexibles, articulates (primitively), and diplobathrid camerates are dicyclic and are composed of infrabasal, basal, and radial circlets. Monobathrid camerates are monocyclic, and they have basal and radial circlets. Disparid plate circlet homologies are reinterpreted. Among disparids, “basals” are lintels, “inferradials” and “radials” are infrabasals, and “superradials” are radials.The “Law of Wachsmuth and Springer” is judged to be a relationship that has most fidelity applied to lumen angles. This “law” is considered to be only a consequence of development and not an invariable basis by which to determine plate homologies. In the model presented here, plates cannot be shifted around after the juvenile calyx is sutured, and arms may grow on either radials or infrabasals, whichever plates are at the top of the cup when arms begin to grow.

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Zhang, Xue-biao, Yu-long Yang, and Yu-jun Liu. "The Numerical Analysis of Temperature Field During Moveable Induction Heating of Steel Plate." Journal of Ship Production and Design 28, no. 02 (May 1, 2012): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jspd.2012.28.2.73.

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In shipyards, hull curved plate formation is an important stage with respect to productivity and accuracy control of curved plates. Because the power and its distribution of induction heat source are easier to control and reproduce, induction heating is expected to be applied in the line heating process. This paper studies the moveable induction heating process of steel plate and develops a numerical model of electromagneticthermal coupling analysis and the numerical results consistent with the experimental results. The numerical model is used to analyze the temperature changing rules and the influences on plate temperature field of heating speed of moveable induction heating of steel plate, and the following conclusions are drawn. First, the process of moveable induction heating of steel plate can be divided into three phases of initial state, quasi-steady state, and end state. The temperature difference between the top and bottom surfaces of the steel plate at the initial state is the biggest; it remains unchanged at the quasi-steady state and it is the smallest at the end state. Second, obvious end effect occurs when the edges of the steel plate are heated by the inductor, which causes a decrease in temperature difference between the top and bottom surfaces of the steel plate that is unfavorable for formation of pillow shape plates. Third, with the increase of heating speed, the temperature difference between the top and bottom surfaces of the steel plate increases gradually.

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Liu, Hongming. "Model-based Intelligent Recognition for Aluminum Plate Seam Defects." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2066, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2066/1/012109.

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Abstract In order to study the application of nonlinear ultrasonic in the quantitative identification of defective aluminum plate, different depth cracks are machined on the aluminum alloy plate with a thickness of 10 mm by wire cutting to simulate the defects in the plate. The normal and defective aluminum plates are selected to establish the experimental model, and the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is used to extract the characteristic parameters of the aluminum plate nonlinear ultrasonic signal. The dimensions of the data are reduced by principal component analysis (PCA), and the principal component with the top three contribution rate are selected as the characteristic value. Finally, the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm is used to analyze the aluminum alloy plate state and classify the defect signal. The experimental results show that the feasibility of nonlinear ultrasonic signal recognition of aluminum plate defects is verified by combining principal component analysis and support vector machine model.

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Zhu, De Bin, and Sun Hao. "Force Analysis of Steel Column Base Plate Base on the Interaction Principle." Advanced Materials Research 800 (September 2013): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.800.345.

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This paper analyse the force of the column base plate which suffering the axial pressure. First, the comparative analysis between the traditional model and interaction model is made. Second, for the steel frame, sole plate and concreat base as a entirety, analyse the factor which affect the stress distribution of sole plate and base top at the different working condition. Result shows that, there is a big gap on the result between the traditional model and interaction model, difference of length-wide ratio of box column section have a small affect on the stress of base top. The change of concreat strength have a big affect on the sole plate and concreat stress distribution.

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Kheirikhah, Mohammad Mahdi, Seyyed Mohammad Reza Khalili, and Keramat Malekzadeh Fard. "Buckling Analysis of Soft-Core Composite Sandwich Plates Using 3D Finite Element Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 105-107 (September 2011): 1768–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.105-107.1768.

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In the present paper, an accurate 3D finite element model is presented for bucking analysis of soft-core rectangular sandwich plates. The sandwich plate is composed of three layers: top and bottom skins and core layer. Finite element model of the problem has been constructed in the ANSYS 11.0 standard code area. The effect of geometrical parameters of the sandwich plate is studied. Comparison of the present results with those of plate theories confirms the accuracy of the proposed model. The overall buckling loads calculated by FE model are higher than that of the accurate results and the maximum discrepancy is less than 10 percent.

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Basa, B., S. Das, and Saroj K. Sarangi. "Geometrically Nonlinear Analysis of Smart Sandwich Plates." Applied Mechanics and Materials 813-814 (November 2015): 1085–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.813-814.1085.

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This paper presents the geometrically nonlinear analysis of smart sandwich plates. The top surface of the plate is integrated with a layer of commercially available active fiber composite. Considering the First order shear deformation theory individually for each layer of the sandwich plate, a three-dimensional finite element model has been developed. The performance of active fiber composite for the smart control of geometrically nonlinear deflection of the sandwich plates has been studied and numerical results are presented.

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CHAKRABARTI, ANUPAM, and ABDUL HAMID SHEIKH. "ANALYSIS OF IMPERFECT COMPOSITES AND SANDWICH LAMINATES SUBJECTED TO IN-PLANE PARTIAL EDGE LOADING." International Journal of Computational Methods 02, no. 02 (June 2005): 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876205000429.

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The static response of imperfect composites and sandwich laminates subjected to in-plane partial edge loading is studied. An efficient finite element model based on a refined plate theory is developed for the present purpose. In this theory, the transverse shear stresses are continuous at the layer interfaces along with stress free conditions at the top and bottom surfaces of the plate. The imperfection is considered in the form of in-plane displacement jumps at the layer interfaces, which is characterized by a linear spring-layer model. It is quite encouraging to note that the plate model having all these refined features requires unknowns only at the reference plane. However, this theory demands C1continuity of transverse displacement at the element edges, which is difficult to accommodate arbitrarily in any existing finite element. To deal with this problem a new triangular element developed by the authors is used in the present study.

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Kheirikhah, Mohammad Mahdi, and Seyyed Mohammad Reza Khalili. "Bending Analysis of Composite Sandwich Plates with Flexible Core Using 3D Finite Element Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 1229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.1229.

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Sandwich plates have been extensively used in many engineering applications such as automotive and aerospace. In the present paper, an accurate finite element model is presented for bending analysis of soft-core rectangular sandwich plates. The sandwich plate is composed of three layers: top and bottom skins and core layer. The core is assumed as a soft orthotropic material and skins are assumed generally unequal laminated composites. Finite element model of the problem has been constructed in the ANSYS 11.0 standard code area. Continuity conditions of transverse shear stresses at the interfaces are satisfied as well as the conditions of zero transverse shear stresses on the upper and lower surfaces of plate. Also transverse flexibility and transverse normal strain and stress of core are considered. The effect of geometrical parameters of the sandwich plate are studied. Comparison of the present results with those of plate theories confirms the accuracy of the proposed model.

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CHAKRABARTI, ANUPAM, and ABDUL HAMID SHEIKH. "DYNAMIC INSTABILITY OF COMPOSITE AND SANDWICH LAMINATES WITH INTERFACIAL SLIPS." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 10, no. 02 (June 2010): 205–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455410003324.

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The dynamic instability of composite and sandwich laminates with interfacial slips is studied in this paper. An efficient finite element model recently developed by the authors is used for the purpose. The plate model is based on a refined higher-order shear deformation theory, where the transverse shear stresses are continuous at the layer interfaces with stress free conditions at plate top and bottom. A linear spring-layer model is used to model the interfacial slips by introducing in-plane displacement jump at the interfaces. Some interesting new results are presented in this paper, which are useful to understanding of the behavior of laminated composite materials.

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Han, Wei Feng, Bin Bin Feng, Jing Zhou, and Chen Yuan Lu. "The Study on the Engineering Properties of Squeezed Branch Piles under Combined Load." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.371.

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In this article, we design an experiment about model piles to study their bearing capacity and deformation properties under uplifting load of different angles, model piles include the equivalent-diameter pile, the squeezed branch pile with single plate and the squeezed branch pile with two plates. The test shows, the bearing capacity of squeezed branch pile is higher than the equivalent-diameter pile, and its plates can resist the horizontal load on the top of pile better.

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13

Yang, Jing, Huajiang Ouyang, and Dan Stancioiu. "Numerical Studies of Vibration of Four-Span Continuous Plate with Rails Excited by Moving Car with Experimental Validation." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 17, no. 10 (November 20, 2017): 1750119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021945541750119x.

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The vibration of a four-span continuous plate with two rails on top and four extra elastic supports excited by a moving model car is studied through numerical simulations and experiments. Modal testing is carried out to identify the Young’s moduli of the plate material and the rail material. Shell elements and beam elements are adopted for the plate and the rails of their Finite Element (FE) model, respectively. An offset is required to connect the rails and the plate in the FE model and the offset ratio of the shell element is updated to bring the numerical frequencies of the structure (plate with rails) closest to its experimental frequencies. Modal Superposition (MS) method with numerical modes of the structure and an iterative method are combined to predict the vibration of the structure subjected to the moving car. The displacements of four points of the plate are measured during the crossing of the car and compared with predicted results. The two sets of results agree well, which validates the model of the system. Parametric analysis is then made using the validated system model.

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Saunders, L. Ken Lauderbaugh, and Craig A. Mauch. "An Exit Burr Model for Drilling of Metals." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 123, no. 4 (September 1, 2000): 562–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1383030.

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The mechanics of the formation of exit burrs for drilling metals are analyzed. A burr formation model is developed where the material in front of the drill is modeled as an axi-symmetric, circular plate of varying thickness. The drilling thrust forces are distributed as a pressure along the top surface of this plate. The stress state is then calculated. Material removal continues until a failure condition is reached. At the point of failure of the plate the remaining material is bent out to form the burr. The model also includes temperature effects. Experimental verification was conducted on 2024-T351 aluminum and on 7075-T561 aluminum. Two types of drill geometry were considered. The experiments were conducted with feeds from 0.05 to 0.35 mm/rev. The model accurately predicts the experimental data.

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Shu, Xiao Juan, Xin Gu Zhong, Zhen Xing Li, Ming Yan Shen, and Hong Bing Chen. "Experimental Study on Shear Lag of Box Girder with Variable Depth under Varying Lateral Position Concentric Loads." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 993–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.993.

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This paper introduces the test and analysis of shear lag effect of a vast scale model of a continuous box girder with variable depth under symmetric lateral varying concentric loads. The strain distribution of the top plates and bottom ones of three cross-sections is tested, while the concentric loads respectively forced on the middle section and the quartile ones. Those sections are: the root-section of the cantilever, mid-section and one quartile section. Test shear lag coefficients of feature points were got through dividing the test strains to those calculated by elementary beam theory. They are compared with those soluted by method of energy variational calculus. The comparing result shows that the shear lag coefficients of the top plate shift from positive to negative accompanying with the load position from ribs to mid point of top plate. At the same time, the overall shear lag coefficient level increases. Meanwhile that of the corresponding bottom plate distribution character finely changes, but its overall shear lag coefficient declines that means that the contribution to bending resisting of bottom weakens. Lateral position of concentric loads has fine influence on shear lag of those sections relatively far from the loads.

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16

Luo, Liang, Maohua Du, Jian Yuan, Jun Shi, Suhui Yu, and Yi Zhang. "Parametric Analysis and Stiffness Investigation of Extended End-Plate Connection." Materials 13, no. 22 (November 13, 2020): 5133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13225133.

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Extended end-plate (EP) bolted connections are widely used in steel structures as moment-resisting connections. Most of these connections are semi-rigid or in other words flexible. The paper aims to study the behavior of such connections under the effect of column top-side cyclic loading using the finite element (FE) method. For semi-rigid connections, it is very vital to determine the moment-rotation relationship as well as the connection stiffness. These beam-column connections have been parametrically studied, the effect of joint type, shear forces, diameter of bolt, thickness of end-plate, and end-plate style were studied. Parametric studies show that the panel zone shear force is the key factor and has a significant effect on the connection stiffness. Finally, based on the component method, the stiffness of the bending component is improved, and the initial stiffness calculation model of the connection under column top-side cyclic loadings is established. The results show that the calculation model is in good agreement with the finite element analyses, and this proves that the calculation model proposed in this study could act as a reference method.

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KHANDELWAL, RAVI PRAKASH, ANUPAM CHAKRABARTI, and PRADEEP BHARGAVA. "VIBRATION AND BUCKLING ANALYSIS OF LAMINATED SANDWICH PLATE HAVING SOFT CORE." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 13, no. 08 (October 21, 2013): 1350034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021945541350034x.

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Free vibration and buckling of laminated sandwich plate having soft core is studied by using an efficient C0 continuous finite element (FE) model based on higher-order zigzag theory (HOZT). In this theory, the in-plane displacement field for both the face sheets and the core is obtained by superposing a global cubically varying displacement field on a zigzag linearly varying displacement field with a different slope in each layer. The transverse displacement is assumed to be quadratic within the core while it remains constant in the faces beyond the core. The proposed model satisfies the condition of transverse shear stress continuity at the layer interfaces and the zero transverse shear stress condition at the top and bottom of the plate. The nodal field variables are chosen in an efficient manner to overcome the problem of C1 continuity requirement of the transverse displacement. Numerical examples on free vibration and buckling covering different geometric and material features of laminated composite and sandwich plates are presented. Many new results are also presented which should be useful for future research.

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TALHA, MOHAMMAD, and B. N. SINGH. "THERMO-MECHANICAL BUCKLING ANALYSIS OF FINITE ELEMENT MODELED FUNCTIONALLY GRADED CERAMIC-METAL PLATES." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 03, no. 04 (December 2011): 867–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825111001275.

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In the present investigation, buckling analysis of functionally graded ceramic-metal (FGM) plates subjected to thermo-mechanical load is presented. The effective material properties of FGM plates are assumed to be temperature-dependent and vary in the thickness direction according to the power-law distribution of the volume fractions of the constituents. An improved higher-order shear deformation plate theory is employed to account for the transverse shear strains by maintaining stress-free top and bottom faces of the plate. An efficient C0 finite element is proposed for the model, and the variational approach is utilized to derive the fundamental equations for the FGM plates. Convergence and comparison studies have been performed to describe the efficiency of the present model. The numerical results are highlighted with different system parameters and boundary conditions.

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Zhang, Xin, Jian Wu Zhang, Qing Liang Zeng, and Cheng Long Wang. "Lightweight Design for Hydraulic Support." Key Engineering Materials 450 (November 2010): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.450.79.

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In large inclined angle mining condition, in order to decrease the effect of sliding force, a lightweight design for hydraulic support is presented in this paper. Taking minimum mass of top beam as optimization objective, the three-dimensional model of it is built firstly. The whole top beam is simplified into top plate, side plate, bottom plate and main reinforcement on the premise of unchanging its topology configuration, and only strength constraint is chosen as constraint, which reduces the number of constraint functions and calculation cycles. By means of ANSYS zero-order optimization module, the mass of top beam is decreased about 16.9%. Finally, the optimal lightweight structure is fully evaluated under the same load as pre-optimization, and finite element analysis results prove that its stress and strain satisfy the need of strength. This lightweight design measure is used in the practical manufacturing with a lower cost of materials, which also increases the stability of hydraulic support in large inclined angle mining condition.

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Paroni, Roberto, and Giuseppe Tomassetti. "Linear models for thin plates of polymer gels." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 23, no. 5 (March 28, 2017): 835–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286517698740.

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Within the linearized three-dimensional theory of polymer gels, we consider a sequence of problems formulated on a family of cylindrical domains whose height tends to zero. We assume that the fluid pressure is controlled at the top and bottom faces of the cylinder, and we consider two different scaling regimes for the diffusivity tensor. Through asymptotic-analysis techniques we obtain two plate models where the transverse displacement is governed by a plate equation with an extra contribution from the fluid pressure. In the limit obtained within the first scaling regime the fluid pressure is affine across the thickness and hence it is determined by its instantaneous trace on the top and bottom faces. In the second model, instead, the value of the fluid pressure is governed by a three-dimensional diffusion equation.

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21

Bader, Rolf. "Fine tuning of guitar sounds with changed top plate, back plate and rim geometry using a whole body 3D Finite‐Difference model." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 123, no. 5 (May 2008): 3665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2934995.

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22

Balachandar, C., S. Arunkumar, and M. Venkatesan. "Numerical Studies on Natural Convection Heat Transfer – Fins with Closed Top." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 1682–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1682.

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Fins are extended surfaces provided to enhance the heat transfer rate of a system. Several attempts have been made in the past to augment the heat transfer rate by using fins of various geometries. In the present study an array of rectangular fins with closed top, standing on a vertical base is analysed under natural convection conditions using commercial CFD code ANSYS FLUENT©. The numerical model is validated with the available experimental results for fins with open top under natural convection conditions. The plate fin heat sink is analysed for a constant heat duty of 60 W. The height, thickness and length of the fins are taken to be constant throughout the analysis. A detailed study is carried out to examine the dependency of the base plate temperature on the thickness of the closed top and on the number of fins. It is concluded based on the analysis that heat fins with closed top are found to have a decreased base plate temperature compared to the conventional rectangular fins.

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23

Lv, Yang, Ling Li, Di Wu, Bo Zhong, Yu Chen, and Nawawi Chouw. "Experimental Investigation of Steel Plate Shear Walls under Shear-Compression Interaction." Shock and Vibration 2019 (March 18, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8202780.

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Four scaled one-storey single-bay steel plate shear wall (SPSW) specimens with unstiffened panels were tested to determine their behaviour under cyclic loadings. The shear walls had moment-resisting beam-to-column connections. Four different vertical loads, i.e., 300 kN, 600 kN, 900 kN, and 1200 kN, representing the gravity load of the upper storeys were applied at the top of the boundary columns through a force distribution beam. A horizontal cyclic load was then applied at the top of the specimens. The specimen behaviour, envelope curves, axial stress distribution of the infill steel plate, and shear capacity were analyzed. The axial stress distribution and envelope curves were compared with the values predicted using an analytical model available in the literature.

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Pandit, M. K., A. H. Sheikh, and B. N. Singh. "Vibration characteristic of laminated sandwich plates with soft core based on an improved higher-order zigzag theory." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 222, no. 8 (August 1, 2008): 1443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes985.

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This paper presents an improved higher order zigzag theory for vibration of laminated sandwich plates. It ensures continuity of transverse shear stresses at all the layer interfaces and transverse shear stress-free condition at the top and bottom surfaces apart from core compressibility. The through-thickness variation of in-plane displacements is assumed to be cubic, whereas transverse displacement varies quadratically across the core, which is modelled as a three-dimensional elastic continuum. An efficient C0 finite element is developed for the implementation of the plate theory. The model is validated using three-dimensional elasticity solutions and some other relevant results available in the literature.

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Nik, Katerina. "On a free boundary model for three-dimensional MEMS with a hinged top plate: Stationary case." Portugaliae Mathematica 78, no. 2 (August 18, 2021): 211–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4171/pm/2067.

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Ong, K. S., K. Gobi, C. H. Lim, S. Naghavi, and S. Baljit. "Thermal Resistance Model of a Flat Plate Solar Air Collector for Energy Efficiency Prediction." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 945, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/945/1/012005.

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Abstract The temperature of a PV panel rises during operation which affects its power output. A PV panel is similar to a flat plate solar collector. This paper presents a simple theoretical heat transfer resistance model and a solution procedure to predict the absorber plate surface temperature of the solar collector. The model consisted of a rectangular cross-section steel duct placed inclined at an angle to the horizontal and exposed to solar radiation. The heat absorbed on the top surface of the plate is transmitted by conduction through the plate and heats the air in the duct. This creates a natural buoyancy effect which induces a natural convection air flow rate. A simple one-dimensional theoretical model of the solar collector with the thermal resistances of the various components is proposed. Simulated results of plate temperature and induced air flow velocity are presented.

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Radwan, Ahmed F. "Effects of non-linear hygrothermal conditions on the buckling of FG sandwich plates resting on elastic foundations using a hyperbolic shear deformation theory." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 21, no. 1 (March 10, 2017): 289–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636217693557.

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The non-linear hygrothermal and mechanical buckling responses of FG sandwich plates resting on two-parameter elastic foundations are presented in this study. Non-linear Fourier temperature distribution is considered as a special case. A hyperbolic displacement model is proposed in the present investigation. The present model involves four unknown variables, and the shear stresses on the bottom and top of the plate surfaces are equal to zero. The effective material properties of the FG sandwich face sheets are presumed to be varied in the direction of the thickness using a simple power law distribution, while the core is supposed to be purely ceramic. The stability equations are deduced by the principle of virtual work, containing the effect of foundations interaction and hygrothermal effects based on the present model. The hygrothermal effects are considered as non-linear, linear and uniform distribution through the plate thickness. Comparison examples are presented to verify the accuracy of the present model. The effects played by the temperature rise, moisture concentration, parameters of elastic foundation, side-to-thickness ratio, aspect ratio of the plate, the inhomogeneity parameter on the critical buckling of FG sandwich plates are investigated.

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Woo, Jemin, Bongsu Hahn, and Changsun Ahn. "Position Estimator Design for a MEMS Top-Drive Electrostatic Rotary Actuator." Sensors 20, no. 24 (December 10, 2020): 7081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20247081.

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The capacitance and rotor angle of a MEMS top-drive electrostatic rotary actuator do not have a linear relationship due to the non-ignorable fringe effect and low aspect ratio of the electrodes. Therefore, the position estimation is not as straightforward as that for a comb-drive linear actuator or a side-drive rotary actuator. The reason is that the capacitance is a nonlinear and periodic function of the rotor angle and is affected by the three-phase input voltages. Therefore, it cannot be approximated as a simple two-plate capacitor. Sensing the capacitance between a rotor and a stator is another challenge. The capacitance can be measured in the electrodes (stators), but the electrodes also have to perform actuation, so a method is needed to combine actuation and sensing. In this study, a nonlinear capacitance model was derived as a data-driven model that effectively represents the nonlinear capacitance with sufficient accuracy. To measure the capacitance accurately, the stator parts for actuation and those for sensing are separated. Using the nonlinear model and the capacitance measurement, an unscented Kalman filter was designed to mitigate the large estimation error due to the periodic nonlinearity. The proposed method shows stable and accurate estimation that cannot be achieved with a simple two-plate capacitor model. The proposed approach can be applied to a similar system with highly nonlinear capacitance.

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Meksi, Rafik, Samir Benyoucef, Abdelkader Mahmoudi, Abdelouahed Tounsi, El Abbas Adda Bedia, and SR Mahmoud. "An analytical solution for bending, buckling and vibration responses of FGM sandwich plates." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 21, no. 2 (March 10, 2017): 727–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636217698443.

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In this study, a new shear deformation plate theory is introduced to illustrate the bending, buckling and free vibration responses of functionally graded material sandwich plates. A new displacement field containing integrals is proposed which involves only four variables. Based on the suggested theory, the equations of motion are derived from Hamilton’s principle. This theory involves only four unknown functions and accounts for quasi-parabolic distribution of transverse shear stress. In addition, the transverse shear stresses are vanished at the top and bottom surfaces of the sandwich plate. The Navier solution technique is adopted to derive analytical solutions for simply supported rectangular sandwich plates. The accuracy and effectiveness of proposed model are verified by comparison with previous research. A detailed numerical study is carried out to examine the influence of the critical buckling loads, deflections, stresses, natural frequencies and sandwich plate type on the bending, buckling and free vibration responses of functionally graded sandwich plates.

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Gulnizkij, Nikolai, and Gerald Gerlach. "Bistable Threshold Humidity Sensor Switch with Rectangular Bimorph Bending Plate." Micromachines 11, no. 6 (June 3, 2020): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11060569.

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Energy-autonomous bistable threshold sensor switches have the potential to reduce costs because they do not need any electrical energy supply for monitoring physical quantities, such as relative humidity. In previous work, a bistable beam-like sensor switch with switching hysteresis was manufactured from sheet metal and a partially coated water vapor-sensitive hydrogel (poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(acryl acid)). Based on the beam theory, a corresponding mechanical model was developed. However, bending plates should be used instead of bending beams to separate the humidity to be measured from the electrical contacts. For this reason, this work deals with the development and realization of a mechanical model based on the plate theory to describe the deflection of a silicon bimorph bending plate partially coated with hydrogel that swells with increasing humidity. For implementing a switching hysteresis a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition silicon dioxide (SiO2) layer is used, which was deposited and structured on top of the silicon plate. The hydrogel layer itself is patterned on the surface of the bending plate using a stamp technique. To validate the mechanical model, the switching hysteresis of the miniaturized sensor switch was measured optically by a camera measurement device.

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31

Khandelwal, R. P., A. Chakrabarti, and P. Bhargava. "A New C0 2D Fe Model Based on Improved Higher Order Zigzag Theory for the Analysis of Soft Core Sandwich Plate." International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering 18, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 395–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijame-2013-0024.

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An efficient C0 continuous finite element (FE) model is developed based on a combined theory (refine higher order shear deformation theory (RHSDT) and least square error (LSE) method) for the static analysis of a soft core sandwich plate. In this (RHSDT) theory, the in-plane displacement field for the face sheets and the core is obtained by superposing a global cubically varying displacement field on a zig-zag linearly varying displacement field with a different slope in each layer. The transverse displacement assumes to have a quadratic variation within the core and it remains constant in the faces beyond the core. The proposed model satisfies the condition of transverse shear stress continuity at the layer interfaces and the zero transverse shear stress condition at the top and bottom of the sandwich plate. The nodal field variables are chosen in an efficient manner to circumvent the problem of C1 continuity requirement of the transverse displacements. In order to calculate the accurate through thickness transverse stresses variation, the Least Square Error (LSE) method has been used at the post processing stage. The proposed combined model (RHSDT and LSE) is implemented to analyze the laminated composites and sandwich plates. Many new results are also presented which should be useful for future research.

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Sun, Min, Mengzhou Chang, Zhenqing Wang, Hao Li, and Yanfei Liu. "Simulation of Eccentric Impact of Square and Rectangular Composite Laminates Embedded with SMA." Materials 11, no. 12 (November 26, 2018): 2371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11122371.

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In the present work, we study the low velocity impact, both central and eccentric, on square and rectangular laminated composite plates with embedded shape memory alloy (SMA) wires, which are stitched on the top and bottom surfaces of the plate, by using the finite element method. In finite element methods (FEM) simulations, a super-elastic SMA constitutive model is implemented in Abaqus/Explict by using a user defined material subroutine to describe the behaviors of SMAs. The three-dimensional (3D) Hashin failure criterion is adopted to model the damage initiation of laminated composite plates. To model the delamination failure, a cohesive damage zone model is introduced in interface elements. A comprehensive parametric study has been carried out to analyze the effects of eccentricity for the case of square and rectangular laminated composite plates.

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Zhang, Feng, Kai Xiao, and Wei Qiang Liu. "Thermal Wrinkling Analysis of the Platelet Thermal Management Devices." Advanced Materials Research 479-481 (February 2012): 550–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.479-481.550.

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A simplified rectangular plate model is built up with three simply supported sides and one free side for the thermal wrinkling analysis of the platelet thermal management devices. By using the static method and the Galerkin's method, the thermal wrinkling of the structural plates under the uniform and no-uniform thermal stress is analyzed; meanwhile, numerical method for solving the platelets with three simply supported sides and one free side is also tested. The analysis method presents in the article could not only apply to the platelet thermal management devices, but also to the the wall of a rectangular vessel with an open top, and to the distortion of a welded plate structure.

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Ma, Niu Jing. "Analysis of Thermal Effect on Girder with Side Main Rib Section." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 495–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.495.

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According to the common girder with side main rib section of PC cable-stayed bridge with double cable planes, a computational model of two-dimension temperature field is presented. Temperature gradient of main rib, small longitudinal rib, top plate and flange plate was computed respectively, and then the stress and strain of each section are derived through plane cross-section assumption. For the cable-stayed bridge, member structure FEM is applied to compute node equivalent load and displacement, which resulted from both sunshine and seasonal thermal difference. Finally, a case study is analyzed, the results showed: computed and measured deflection of girder that result from thermal effect are very close, therefore, this method is feasible.

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Lal, Roshan, and Rahul Saini. "Vibration analysis of functionally graded circular plates of variable thickness under thermal environment by generalized differential quadrature method." Journal of Vibration and Control 26, no. 1-2 (September 18, 2019): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546319876389.

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The vibration of functionally graded circular plates of variable thickness under a thermal environment is analyzed when the nodal lines are concentric circles by using the generalized differential quadrature method for the nonlinear temperature distribution in the thickness direction. The parabolic variation in thickness along the radial direction is controlled by a taper constant. The plate material is graded in the transverse direction and its mechanical properties are temperature-dependent. The thermal environment over the top and bottom surfaces of the plate is assumed to be uniform. Hamilton's principle has been used in obtaining the governing differential equations for thermo-elastic equilibrium and axisymmetric motion for such a plate model employing Kirchhoff plate theory. Numerical results for thermal displacements and natural frequencies of clamped and simply supported plates have been obtained using MATLAB. The effect of the taper constant, volume fraction index, and temperature difference on the vibration characteristics has been analyzed for the lowest three modes of vibration. A study in which the plate material has temperature-independent properties has also been performed. The accuracy of the present technique is verified by comparing the results with those available in the literature.

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36

Xue, Xingwei, Jiawei Wu, Junlong Zhou, and Hongnan Li. "A Finite Segment Method for Skewed Box Girder Analysis." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2592613.

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A finite segment method is presented to analyze the mechanical behavior of skewed box girders. By modeling the top and bottom plates of the segments with skew plate beam element under an inclined coordinate system and the webs with normal plate beam element, a spatial elastic displacement model for skewed box girder is constructed, which can satisfy the compatibility condition at the corners of the cross section for box girders. The formulation of the finite segment is developed based on the variational principle. The major advantage of the proposed approach, in comparison with the finite element method, is that it can simplify a three-dimensional structure into a one-dimensional structure for structural analysis, which results in significant saving in computational times. At last, the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed finite segment method are verified by a model test.

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Jin, Zhi-He, and Corson L. Cramer. "A Lamination Model for Pressure-Assisted Sintering of Multilayered Porous Structures." Journal of Composites Science 5, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs5020053.

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This work describes a lamination model for pressure-assisted sintering of thin, multilayered, and porous structures based on the linear viscous constitutive theory of sintering and the classical laminated plate theory of continuum mechanics. A constant out-of-plane normal stress is assumed in the constitutive relation. The lamination relations between the force/moment resultants and the strain/curvature rates are presented. Numerical simulations were performed for a symmetric tri-layer laminate consisting of a 10% gadolinia doped ceria (Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95-δ) composite structure, where porous layers were adhered to the top and bottom of a denser layer under uniaxially-applied pressures and the sinter forging conditions. The numerical results show that, compared with free sintering, the applied pressure can significantly reduce the sintering time required to achieve given layer thicknesses and porosities. Unlike free sintering, which results in a monotonic decrease of the laminate in-plane dimension, pressure-assisted sintering may produce an in-plane dimension increase or decrease, depending on the applied pressure and sintering time. Finally, the individual layers in the laminate exhibit different stress characteristics under pressure-assisted sintering.

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38

Zhou, Hui, Gang Yan Li, Yuan Zhang, and Le Li. "Structure Topology Optimization Design for Compression Box of Horizontal Preloading Domestic Waste Transfer Station." Applied Mechanics and Materials 475-476 (December 2013): 1382–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.475-476.1382.

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Horizontal preloading domestic waste transfer station is the core equipment for domestic waste disposal. Compression equipment is the elementary equipment of horizontal preloading domestic waste transfer station, which should be ensured its mechanical properties and structural lightweight. According to the compression box structure in this paper, structural topology optimization model is established. By using HyperWorks software, the result of structural topology optimization result of compression box is obtained. Based on the result of topology optimization, the structural improvement design model of compression box is established, and the number, location, size of strengthening rib for bottom plate, top plate, side plate are optimal designed so as to realize structural lightweight.

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Bogdanova, O. S. "Influence of the material anisotropy on the limit state of orthotropic plate with periodic system of collinear cracks under biaxial loading." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series: Physics and Mathematics, no. 1 (2019): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1812-5409.2019/1.6.

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In the presented paper, the limiting state of the orthotropic plates weakened by the periodic system of collinear cracks under biaxial external loading is studied on the basis of the modified crack model of the Leonov-Panasyuk-Dagdale. The material of plate satisfies the strength condition of the general form. On the basis of the solution of a similar problem for an orthotropic plate with one crack, we obtain the relations for determining the basic parameters of a crack model, such as the size of the process zones, the stresses in these zones, and the opening at the top of the cracks. The criterion of critical crack opening is selected as a fracture criterion. On the example of a material satisfying Hoffman strength criterion (generalization of the Mises–Hill criterion, which takes into account the dependence of the difference between the tensile and compressive strength of unidirectional composite materials), the fracture mechanism of a plate weakened by the periodic system of collinear cracks was investigated. The influence of the degree of material anisotropy and biaxiality of external loading on the fracture process and the limiting state of the plate are shown.

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Singh, S. K., and A. Chakrabarti. "Static, Vibration and Buckling Analysis of Skew Composite and Sandwich Plates Under Thermo Mechanical Loading." International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering 18, no. 3 (August 1, 2013): 887–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijame-2013-0053.

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Abstract Static, vibration and buckling behavior of laminated composite and sandwich skew plates is studied using an efficient C0 FE model developed based on refined higher order zigzag theory. The C0 FE model satisfies the interlaminar shear stress continuity at the interfaces and zero transverse shear stress conditions at plate top and bottom. In this model, the first derivatives of transverse displacement have been treated as independent variables to overcome the problem of C1 continuity associated with the plate theory. The C0 continuity of the present element is compensated in the stiffness matrix formulation by adding a suitable term. In order to avoid stress oscillations observed in the displacement based finite element, the stress field derived from temperature is made consistent with the total strain field by using field consistent approach. Numerical results are presented for different static, vibration and buckling problems by applying the FE model under thermo mechanical loading, where a nine noded C0 continuous isoparametric element is used. It is observed that there are very few results available in the literature on laminated composite and sandwich skew plates based on refined theories. As such many new results are also generated for future reference

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Basa, B., and Saroj K. Sarangi. "Vibration Control of Sandwich Plates." Applied Mechanics and Materials 612 (August 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.612.1.

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This paper presents the active control of vibrations of sandwich plates using piezoelectric composites (PZC). The top surface of the plate is integrated with the patches of active constrained layer damping treatment. Active fiber composite, one of the commercially available PZCs, is used as the material of the constraining layer of the patches and the constrained layer of the patch is composed of a viscoelastic material. Considering the ﬁrst order shear deformation theory individually for each layer of the sandwich plate, a three-dimensional finite element model has been developed. The performance of active fiber composite for the smart vibration control of the sandwich plates has been studied and numerical results are presented. Emphasis has also been placed on investigating the effect of variation of piezoelectric ﬁber orientation angle in the constraining layer on the control authority of the patches.

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Srivastava, Ashish Kumar, and Dinesh Kumar. "Postbuckling behavior of functionally graded CNT-reinforced nanocomposite plate with interphase effect." Nonlinear Engineering 8, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 496–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nleng-2017-0133.

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Abstract The present paper is aimed to study the buckling and postbuckling response of functionally graded carbon nanotube (FG-CNT)- magnesium (Mg) nanocomposite plate with interphase effect. Interphase zone is characterized by employing a cohesive zone model for its elastic modulus and thickness. An equivalent solid fiber (ESF) of CNT and interphase is modeled and dispersed into the matrix material by utilizing random sequential adsorption (RSA) technique. The effective elastic properties of the nanocomposite are computed by finite element method (FEM) based numerical homogenization technique. The obtained elastic properties of nanocomposite are utilized to investigate the buckling and post-buckling behaviour of different functionally graded (i.e., FG) nanocomposite plates modeled by varying the volume fraction of CNT/ESF along thickness direction, under in-plane compressive loads. The non-linear formulation is based on first-order shear deformation theory and von Karman’s assumptions. It is found that considering the interphase between CNT and Mg matrix would result in decrease in buckling load and postbuckling strength of FG-CNT-reinforced nanocomposite plate as compared to nanocomposite without interphase. It is also reported that the higher volume fraction of CNTs near top and bottom surfaces than the middle portion of nanocomposite plate provide better resistance to buckling and postbuckling.

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43

Zhu, Kun Ning, and Shui Wan. "Stress Intensity Analysis of GFRP Bridge Deck Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 105-107 (September 2011): 1197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.105-107.1197.

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The finite element model is built by ANSYS, and the distribution of stress is studied. The stress intensity of each layer is computed by Tsai-Wu stress intensity standard. The value computed by Tsai-Wu stress intensity standard under given loads are smaller than 1, and the GFRP bridge deck is in a safe state. The first ply failure is also studied, and the result shows that the first ply failure value is determined by the webs when the webs are very thin. Other circumstances the value is determined by the size of the top and bottom plate. The material utilization is the highest when the thickness of the bottom is equal to the whole webs and a little thinner than the top plate.

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Cao, Z. N., Y. M. Zhang, and R. Kovacevic. "Numerical Dynamic Analysis of Moving GTA Weld Pool." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 120, no. 1 (February 1, 1998): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2830096.

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A three dimensional model with a moving heat source is developed to describe heat transfer and fluid flow in transient weld pools. Full penetration and free top and bottom surfaces are incorporated in the model in order to simulate the welding process more practically. The influence of plate thickness and welding current on the dynamics of weld pools is analyzed using calculated data. It is shown that when the workpiece is nearly penetrated, the depth of weld pool increases quickly. Also, the elevation of the top surface decreases quickly once the full penetration status is established.

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45

Wu, Zhaotian, and Chuwei Zhou. "Progressive multi-damage analysis of composite laminate using higher order zig-zag plate theory." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 4 (April 2020): 168781402091536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814020915367.

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In this article, a finite element model of multi-layer composite laminates with delamination based on higher order zig-zag theory is studied for the progressive delamination analysis. The degrees of freedom are simplified by the continuity conditions of shear stress between layers and the free-surface conditions at the bottom and top of laminates. The numbers of degrees of freedom are not reduced with this method while the model can take the initiation of delamination into consideration in return. Static loading analysis is implemented to simulate the performance in delamination resistance with two different plies and under two different boundary conditions. The present model can present good performance in the prediction of delamination phenomenon.

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46

Kaneda, Masayuki, Toshio Tagawa, and Hiroyuki Ozoe. "Convection Induced by a Cusp-Shaped Magnetic Field for Air in a Cube Heated From Above and Cooled From Below." Journal of Heat Transfer 124, no. 1 (June 12, 2001): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1418369.

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Magnetizing force, which acts in a magnetic field of steep gradient, was applied to air in a cube heated from above and cooled from below, and with the four vertical walls thermally insulated. A four-poles magnet was installed to apply the cusp-shaped magnetic field to air in the cubic enclosure. A simple model equation was derived for magnetizing force and numerically computed for the system. Without a magnetic field, the conduction was stable, but under the magnetizing force a strong downward flow occurred from the center of the top heated plate and the average Nusselt number attained Nu=1.17 at Ra=105 and γ=0.5, which is equivalent to a temperature difference of 4 [°C] between the top and bottom walls under a maximum magnetic induction of 0.9 [T] inside a cube of 0.0643 [m3] heated from above. The flow visualization experiment with hot incense smoke proved the downward flow from the top hot plate.

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47

Gao, Ninghua, Junwei Lian, Zhaohui Xu, and Haojie Jiang. "An equivalent temperature model of three-dimensional steady heat conduction analysis for a fiber metal laminated plate coated with a thermal barrier." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2019): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190704445g.

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In this paper, an equivalent temperature model of three-dimensional steady heat conduction analysis for a fiber metal laminated plate coated with a thermal barrier (CFML) is presented. The separate variable method (SVM) and equivalent temperature (ET) method are applied comprehensively to solve the temperature field at the interface between the thermal barrier and top aluminum 2024-T3 layer for the fiber metal laminated (FML) structure firstly, and values of other layers? temperature and thermal contact resistance are obtained based on balance principle of heat flux between respective adjacent top and bottom layers subsequently. The aim of this research is to understand the influences of kinds of fiber species, numbers of FML layers, thickness ratio between total CFML structure and thermal barrier as well as temperature distributed function on the values of thermal contact resistance between respective adjacent layers and temperature distribution from top to bottom surfaces for the CFML structure. Especially, the ratio of thermal contact resistance between maximum and minimum values are about 5 times no matter considering one or two kinds of fiber species. Besides the present results (mainly geometrical and physical parameters? effect) could guide engineers designing the CFML structures to adapt to high-temperature environment especially aerospace temperature environment.

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Padhi, Ansuman, and Mihir K. Pandit. "Bending and free vibration response of sandwich laminate under hygrothermal load using improved zigzag theory." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 52, no. 5 (July 2017): 288–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309324717714710.

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In this work, the effects of variations in temperature and moisture concentrations on the static and free vibration response of sandwich laminated plates with low-density core have been studied. A higher order zigzag laminate theory is used which satisfies the continuity in transverse shear stress at the layer interfaces and zero transverse shear stress condition at the top and bottom surfaces of the laminate . The displacement field in this theory suitably allows for the quadratic distribution of transverse shear stress across the thickness and transverse compressibility effect of the core. An effective finite element formulation is carried out by employing a nine-node C0 isoparametric element for the above plate model. Numerical examples of composite and sandwich laminates with different material properties, effect of temperature and moisture variation, aspect ratios, boundary conditions, number of layers and ply orientations are considered for the analysis. Efficiency of the present plate model in predicting various responses subjected to hygrothermal loading is verified by comparing with the available published results.

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TALHA, MOHAMMAD, and B. N. SINGH. "NONLINEAR MECHANICAL BENDING OF FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIAL PLATES UNDER TRANSVERSE LOADS WITH VARIOUS BOUNDARY CONDITIONS." International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 02, no. 02 (June 2011): 237–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793962311000451.

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Nonlinear mechanical bending of functionally graded material (FGM) plates under transverse loads with various boundary conditions are presented. The material properties of the FGM plates are graded in the thickness direction according to a simple power-law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The theoretical nonlinear finite element formulations are based on the higher-order shear deformation theory, with a special modification in the transverse displacement in order to estimate the parabolic distribution of transverse shear strains through the plate thickness. The Green–Lagrange nonlinear strain–displacement relation with all higher-order nonlinear strain terms is included to account for the large deflection response of the plate. The fundamental equations for FGM plates with traction-free boundary conditions on the top and bottom faces of the plate are accomplished using variational approach. Results have been achieved using a C0 continuous isoparametric Lagrangian finite element with 13 degrees of freedom per node. Convergence and comparison studies have been performed to ascertain the effectiveness of the present model. Numerical results are highlighted for different thickness ratios, aspect ratios, and role played by the constituent volume fraction index with different boundary conditions.

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Shek, Poi Ngian, M. Md Tahir, Cher Siang Tan, and Ahmad Beng Hong Kueh. "Experimental Investigation of End-Plate Connection with Cruciform Column Section." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 3730–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.3730.

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This paper presents an experimental investigation on typical end-plate connection with reduced beam-to-end plate welding, connected to cruciform column (CCUB) section. The study aims to reduce the cost of fabrication and materials. Two tests were conducted to study the behavior of the proposed connections and evaluate the failure modes, moment resistance, initial stiffness and rotational capacity of the connections. The experimental results indicated that the failure mechanisms for the tested specimens begin with the end-plate yielding followed by bolt slippage that was limited to the tension region of the joint due to the tension forces exerted through the top bolt rows. The experimental results will then be used to validate the theoretical model for the T-stub idealization of the tension zone.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Model top plate'

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