Relevant bibliographies by topics / Model federation

Academic literature on the topic 'Model federation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 12 May 2023
Last updated: 20 July 2024

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Contents

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Model federation.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Model federation"

1

Ermilov, Pavel. "A federative model of the Church in western theology." St. Tikhons' University Review 112 (April 30, 2024): 30–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturi2024112.30-50.

Full text
Abstract:
The author attempts to reconstruct in the most general detail the history of the application of federative terminology to the description of the structure of the Christian Church. The concept of federation appeared in the 18th century in the works of Protestant church historians who believed that the formation of the initial church structure was modeled on the federative political structures that emerged in Greco-Roman antiquity. Further mastering of the relevant political terminology by church authors was facilitated by the formation of the theory of political federalism in the 19th century and its popularization in the political and public life of many states. The author shows how since the end of the 19th century the concept of federation has been applied to the church constitution at its modern stage. This practice was especially characteristic of the representatives of the Anglican Church, in whose official rhetoric the image of federation took an important and prominent place. It was in the midst of the Anglican Church that the formula of the Church as a federation was born. Thanks to Protestant influence, federative terminology enters the language of ecumenical theology, being used there in particular to denote an intermediate form of ecclesiastical union. However, federative formulas in ecclesiology were accompanied by constant criticism, mainly for allegedly bringing with them alien and profane associations. An irreconcilable position was taken by Catholic authors, who for a whole century have been developing a theological refutation of ecclesiastical federalism. Under the influence of their criticism, as well as significant historical and ideological changes, the image of federation gradually disappeared from the language of Christian theology, surviving ultimately in the form of a general and unanimous denial that the Church is not a federation. The author is trying to show that despite some artificiality in the use of federative terminology, there were certain theological insights behind its use concerning the status of particular Churches and the nature of their mutual unity. These intuitions were largely ignored by the general development of ecclesiology in the twentieth century with its main interest in the global and universal dimension of the Church.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Stünkel, Patrick, Ole von Bargen, Adrian Rutle, and Yngve Lamo. "GraphQL Federation: A Model-Based Approach." Journal of Object Technology 19, no. 2 (2020): 18:1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5381/jot.2020.19.2.a18.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Bo Zhou, and Chao Wu. "Semantic Model for Social Networking Federation." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON Advances in Information Sciences and Service Sciences 3, no. 11 (December 31, 2011): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/aiss.vol3.issue11.27.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Wang, Chuanxu, Changqun Song, and Lang Xu. "Evolutionary strategies of consumer federation and manufacturer under recall mechanism." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 41, no. 1 (August 11, 2021): 2403–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-200086.

Full text
Abstract:
Based on an unqualified product recalling process in a supply chain, this paper establishes an evolutionary game model between consumer federation and manufacturer, as well as analyzes the effects of manufacturer’s pricing strategy and consumer federation’s supervision on the decision-making and dynamic tendency. Under this structure, the manufacturers’ pricing strategies on recalls mechanism have two scenarios: the high penalty and low penalty from consumer federation. Results shows that, when the consumer federation adopts high penalty measures, there will be an ESS for consumer federation that can both minimize the cost and protect consumers’ rights. Further, the probability of manufacturer adopting “recall” strategy is positively correlated with the change in the product price, and both the probability of consumer federation adopting “regulate” strategy and manufacturer adopting “recall” strategy are positively correlated with the penalty coefficient.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Basdevant, Olivier. "An econometric model of the Russian Federation." Economic Modelling 17, no. 2 (April 2000): 305–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0264-9993(99)00030-9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Villegas, David, Norman Bobroff, Ivan Rodero, Javier Delgado, Yanbin Liu, Aditya Devarakonda, Liana Fong, S. Masoud Sadjadi, and Manish Parashar. "Cloud federation in a layered service model." Journal of Computer and System Sciences 78, no. 5 (September 2012): 1330–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcss.2011.12.017.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Danilov, Sergey. "Natural Resources Management in Federation: Canadian Model." Law. Journal of the Higher School of Economics, no. 5 (December 30, 2019): 215–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2072-8166.2019.5.215.236.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Ahmad, Muhammad Shakeel. "Development and Federalism: Responses of Federating Units Over CPEC." Global Social Sciences Review IV, no. II (June 30, 2019): 438–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(iv-ii).56.

Full text
Abstract:
CPEC is deeply interconnected with federal structural in Pakistan. There is a difference of opinion amongst the scholars and policy makers regarding the impact of CPEC on federalism in Pakistan. This paper is an attempt to analyze liberal framework of federation and its connection with neoliberal development project of CPEC. In neoliberal framework, the decentralization and distribution of resources amongst the federating units and sub-national identities seems complex puzzle. The dominant forces amongst federating units joined same elite class for the protection of their own interest. This elite concentration and bargain model is reciprocal to the fundamental idea of federation. This paper demonstrates that CPEC is sharpening the unevenness amongst the federating units and sub-national identities.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Platonov, V. M. "The principle of the executive power unity in the contemporary Russian federative model." RUDN Journal of Sociology 20, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2020-20-1-145-160.

Full text
Abstract:
The article considers the unity of executive power in the federative model of contemporary Russia to show that a single system of executive power within the Russian political-legal culture presupposes a hierarchical relationship between executive authorities of different levels. Such specifics of the relationship between the federal executive bodies and executive bodies of the subjects of the Russian Federation contradicts the idea of a vertical division of powers. The Russian model of federal relations is based on the fact that if the interests of the federation and its subjects are intertwined the best decision is not to isolate or separate the levels of power but rather to help them to interact, to provide a joint solution to the challenges of the state and its constituent parts. The author studied the federal legal acts and the practice of the Constitutional Court, in which the principle of the unity of the executive power was reinforced and evaluated. The article is based on the culturological approach as a kind of the system-structural analysis of law and other elements of social reality. This approach allows to consider the specifics of the Russian federalism as a special model of public administration in dynamics, and the corresponding institutions in their constant interaction and development. The formal-legal method allowed to identify the legal content of the principle of the state power system unity as the ‘cornerstone’ of the Russian federative structure. As a result, the article presents the following cultural-historical model of the Russian federative relations: it allows for widespread decentralization in the political sphere (by providing a list of objects of joint jurisdiction of the federal center and the subjects of the Russian Federation, and also - by residual principle - the exclusive legislative competence of the subjects), while the federal center strengthens centralization mechanisms in the administrative sphere (through the distribution of powers within the joint jurisdiction), thus, ensuring political competition under the tough statist principles in public administration.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

V. V. Naumkina. "THE MODEL STATUS OF THE HEAD OF THE SUBJECT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." BULLETIN 1, no. 383 (February 15, 2020): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1467.22.

Full text
Abstract:
The relevance of the topic is determined that the highest official of the subject of the Russian Federation are central in the system of regional public authorities and has a significant impact on the performance of Federal state functions. The Federal structure of the Russian Federation provides for different levels of governance. The effectiveness of solving state problems depends on the quality of management in the regions. The legislation defines only the basic principles of the requirement of the organization of power in the subject of the Russian Federation. Subject of the Russian Federation can regulate the organization of management. Federal legislation provides the subjects of the Russian Federation with relative freedom in determining the system, structure, order of formation and functioning of the Executive power. The subjects of the Russian Federation are different models of governance, which determine the status of the head of the subject of the Russian Federation. The article identifies two models for realizing the principle of separation of powers in the subjects of the Russian Federation. The place of the head of the subject of the Russian Federation in the power system is considered from the position of the scope of powers. The article describes the status of the head of the subject of the Russian Federation when using different models, highlights the features of organizational models. The practical application of the management model depends on the characteristics of the territory (area, population, socio-economic situation). In contrast to the Federal model, the head of a subject of the Russian Federation in fact included in the system of Executive power regardless of the model. The article deals with discussion issues. The article highlights the main disadvantages and offers suggestions on the advantages of models.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Model federation"

1

Kamdem, Simo Freddy. "Model-based federation of systems of modelling." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2374.

Full text
Abstract:
L'ingénierie des systèmes complexes et systèmes de systèmes conduit souvent à des activités de modélisation (MA) complexes. Les problèmes soulevés par les MA sont notamment : comprendre le contexte dans lequel elles sont exécutées, comprendre l'impact sur les cycles de vie des modèles qu'elles produisent, et finalement trouver une approche pour les maîtriser. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'élaborer une approche formelle pour adresser ce problème. Dans cette thèse, après avoir étudié les travaux connexes en ingénierie système et plus spécifiquement ceux qui portent sur la co-ingénierie du système à faire (le produit) et du système pour faire (le projet), nous développons une méthodologie nommée MODEF pour traiter ce problème. MODEF consiste en: (1) Caractériser les MA comme un système et plus généralement une fédération de systèmes. (2) Construire de manière itérative une architecture de ce système via la modélisation du contenu conceptuel des modèles produits par MA et leur cycle de vie, les tâches réalisées au sein des MA et leurs effets sur ces cycles de vie. (3) Spécifier les attentes sur ces cycles de vie. (4) Analyser les modèles (des MA) par rapport à ces attentes (et éventuellement les contraintes sur les tâches) pour vérifier jusqu'à quel point elles sont atteignables via la synthèse des points (ou états) acceptables. D'un point de vue pratique, l'exploitation des résultats de l'analyse permet de contrôler le déroulement des tâches de modélisation à partir de la mise en évidence de leur impact sur les modèles qu'elles produisent. En effet, cette exploitation fournit des données pertinentes sur la façon dont les MA se déroulent et se dérouleraient de bout en bout. A partir de ces informations, il est possible de prendre des mesures préventives ou correctives. Nous illustrons cela à l'aide de deux cas d'étude (le fonctionnement d'un supermarché et la modélisation de la couverture fonctionnelle d'un système). D'un point de vue théorique, les sémantiques formelles des modèles des MA et le formalisme des attentes sont d'abord données. Ensuite, les algorithmes d'analyse et d'exploitation sont présentés. Cette approche est brièvement comparée avec des approches de vérification des modèles et de synthèse de systèmes. Enfin, deux facilitateurs de la mise en œuvre de MODEF sont présentés. Le premier est une implémentation modulaire des blocs de base de MODEF. Le second est une architecture fédérée (FA) des modèles visant à faciliter la réutilisation des modèles formels en pratique. La formalisation de FA est faite dans le cadre de la théorie des catégories. De ce fait, afin de construire un lien entre abstraction et implémentation, des structures de données et algorithmes de base sont proposés pour utiliser FA en pratique. Différentes perspectives sur les composantes de MODEF concluent ce travail
The engineering of complex systems and systems of systems often leads to complex modelling activities (MA). Some challenges exhibited by MA are: understanding the context where they are carried out and their impacts on the lifecycles of models they produce, and ultimately providing a support for mastering them. How to address these challenges with a formal approach is the central challenge of this thesis. In this thesis, after discussing the related works from systems engineering in general and the co-engineering of the system to be made (product) and the system for make (project) systems specifically, we position and develop a methodology named MODEF, that aims to master the operation of MA. MODEF consists in: (1) characterizing MA as a system (and more globally as a federation of systems) in its own right; (2) iteratively architecting this system through: the modelling of the conceptual content of the models produced by MA and their life cycles, the tasks carried out within MA and their effects on these life cycles; (3) specifying the expectations over these life cycles and; (4) analysing models (of MA) against expectations (and possibly tasks constraints) - to check how far expectations are achievable - via the synthesis of the acceptable behaviours. On a practical perspective, the exploitation of the results of the analysis allows figuring out what could happen with the modelling tasks and their impacts on the whole state of models they handle. We show on two case studies (the operation of a supermarket and the modelling of the functional coverage of a system) how this exploitation provides insightful data on how the system is end-to-end operated and how it can behave. Based on this information, it is possible to take some preventive or corrective actions on how the MA are carried out. On the foundational perspective, the formal semantics of three kinds of involved models and the expectations formalism are first discussed. Then the analysis and exploitation algorithms are presented. Finally this approach is roughly compared with model checking and systems synthesis approaches. Last but not least, two enablers whose first objectives are to ease the implementation of MODEF are presented. The first one is a modular implementation of MODEF's buildings blocks. The second one is a federated architecture (FA) of models which aims to ease working with formal models in practice. Despite the fact that FA is formalised within the abstract framework of category theory, an attempt to bridge the gap between abstraction and implementation is sketched via some basic data structures and base algorithms. Several perspectives related to the different components of MODEF conclude this work
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Uluat, Mehmet Fatih. "Model-based Approach To The Federation Object Model Independence Problem." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608672/index.pdf.

Full text
Abstract:
One of the promises of High Level Architecture (HLA) is the reusability of simulation components. Although HLA supports reusability to some extent with mechanisms provided by Object Model Template (OMT), when the developer wants to use an existing federate application within another federation with a different Federation Object Model (FOM) problem arises. She usually has to modify the federate code and rebuilt it. There have been some attempts to solve this problem and they, in fact, accomplish this to some extent but usually they fall short of providing flexible but also a complete mapping mechanism. In this work, a model based approach that mainly focuses on Declaration, Object and Federation Management services is explored. The proposed approach makes use of Model Integrated Computing (MIC) and .NET 2.0 technologies by grouping federate transitioning activities into three well-defined phases, namely, modeling, automatic code generation and component generation. As a side product, a .NET 2.0 wrapper to Runtime Infrastructure (RTI) has been developed to help developers create IEEE 1516 compatible .NET 2.0 federates in a programming language independent way.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Lee, Shong Cheng. "Class translator for the Federation Interoperability Object Model (FIOM)." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://sirsi.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Mar%5FLeeSC.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Suprun, Emiliya. "An Integrated Systems Model of Construction Innovation in the Russian Federation." Thesis, Griffith University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/382699.

Full text
Abstract:
Construction is unquestionably one of the largest industry contributors to any national economy. However, the sector faces significant problems with long-term performance, productivity and competitiveness; it is also very diverse and fragmented. It is generally accepted that the industry worldwide does not have a coherent model of innovation development, is unwilling to innovate, does not invest in R&D sufficiently, and shows a conservative attitude towards mass inclusion of cutting-edge technology into construction processes. The Russian construction industry is no exception. The Russian construction industry development lags far behind the world in creating and disseminating building materials and technologies. To stay competitive, Russian domestic construction companies need to continue their innovative activities, in order to exploit existing technological opportunities, despite the difficult financial climate. A high level of innovation performance is extremely important for this industry growth and for the development of the Russian economy. Innovations include the use of new building materials, machinery, and engineering equipment that increase the quality of operations and customer satisfaction (e.g. energy-efficient, soundproofing materials). They also include new, efficient construction technologies and software for architectural and construction design that enable the achievement of higher productivity, and lower construction times such as Building Information Modelling and off-site fabrication. This PhD study was founded on the innovation system approach which stresses that construction innovation is not limited by the boundary of a single construction company, but by a sectoral innovation system. In other words, the innovation performance of the industry depends not only on how individual firms perform in isolation, but on how they interact with other system actors (i.e. governments and academia) and contribute to the development and diffusion of innovations from a dynamic perspective. The theoretical framework developed for the Russian construction innovation system has a strong focus on these links between the government, industry and academia. Thus, creating a favourable environment for construction innovation is heavily dependent on government and construction companies. Moreover, construction innovation is also conditional upon the collaborative readiness of construction companies and research institutions to integrate their knowledge and expertise to maximise industry innovativeness. The overarching goal of this research was to explore the dynamic complexities inherent in construction innovation through the formulation of a system dynamics (SD) simulation model that focuses on the challenging Russian Federation context. The SD model was the outcome of a purpose-built integrated participatory systems modelling (IPSM) approach. This comprehensive IPSM approach employed and integrated various data collection techniques, including, questionnaire surveys, face-to-face interviews, direct expert consultations, empirical structural analysis, and a series of stakeholder workshops. A robustly developed SD model can help to address the challenges of transforming Russia’s construction industry into a highly developed sector by providing an understanding of how government policies and supportive programs could encourage industrialists to innovate, promote research and transfer technology. Such actions would ultimately improve industry innovativeness. The SD model sought to also understand and encapsulate the innovation dynamics of two innovation development typologies, namely, imitators and innovators. Imitators represented construction firms that introduced and implemented technological innovations by adopting and/or adapting ideas from others, in terms of improved construction materials, techniques, construction methods, products and services. Innovators represented companies that implemented technological innovations as a result of collaborative R&D. Such companies are constantly involved in R&D and implement newly introduced (i.e. subjected to significant technological changes) construction materials, techniques, goods and services based on new technologies, or on the combination of new technologies with existing ones. Overall, findings indicated that the Russian construction industry’s unwillingness to implement innovative technological advancements is primarily caused by the inability of the government to build an institutional, regulatory and legislative framework that would encourage firms to innovate. Among the key factors which hinder innovation processes are: the absence of a system of economic incentives for industrialists and research institutions; weak investment activity of construction companies due to a lack of funds; excessive administrative barriers; inappropriate technical regulation along with outdated construction norms and codes; a serious lack of research support; weak R&D collaboration between industry and academia; and conservative procurement methods. The SD model provided empirical evidence that effective strategies are required to overcome the challenges of transforming Russia’s construction industry into one which is highly innovative. The following factors might generate successful adoption of ground-breaking processes and products in the Russian construction industry: government support; client demand for innovation; access to information and knowledge for construction companies; and R&D collaboration. Hence, the number of imitators and innovators is only likely to increase if there is sufficient support for increased collaboration within the innovation system. Moreover, there is a need to improve procurement practises that would lead to increasing demand for high-quality construction goods and services. The SD model was also utilised to derive an understanding of the Russian construction industry with regards to innovation development and diffusion within the context of four plausible transition scenarios (i.e. business as usual, market forces, conservative development and innovation power). Specifically, the transition scenarios were developed by considering the variation of two important but uncertain factors driving innovation in the construction sector, namely: (1) the conditions and level of government financial support; and (2) demand for innovation related to market expectations, largely dictated by traditional versus progressive procurement processes. Simulation results under alternative scenario settings revealed that industry transformation requires sustained and coordinated innovation diffusion strategies that engage all innovation stakeholders. One key finding was that the Russian construction industry shows preference for imitation-oriented innovation development. Even though construction innovation diffused more rapidly, and seeded more innovators than imitators for the innovation power transition scenario (whereby increasing government support was coupled with extensive reductions in barriers), it would still take time to develop a sufficient proportion of truly innovative companies. The market forces and state-led conservative development transition scenarios showed similar levels of innovation outcomes within the modelling horizon, but predominately yielded innovation imitators. Lastly, the extensive scenario analysis findings culminated in the formulation of both policy and practical recommendations for enhancing innovativeness in the Russian construction sector, for overcoming its excessive conservatism, and for shaping a successful industry transition into an innovative future. In summary, this PhD thesis has made significant contributions to the theoretical, methodological and practical knowledge in the fields of construction innovation and systems modelling. The application of a systems approach to the analysis of construction innovation processes provided insights into both the complexity and inherent dynamics of innovation processes caused by multiple feedback loops, non-linearity, and time delays in decision-making. The IPSM modelling approach provides both a high degree of scientific rigour and an efficient participatory modelling procedure for building SD models. It can be used to deal with various problems where uncertainty in scientific knowledge, and lack of empirical data presents difficulties. Finally, the herein demonstrated concept of connecting a particular SD model for a particular system (i.e. construction innovation in this study) with that of macro industry transition scenarios, would be useful for government policy-makers to develop more fit-for-purpose strategies.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Eng & Built Env
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Christie, Brent P. Young Paul E. "Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for the construction of a Federation Interoperability Object Model (FIOM) /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA397316.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S. in Computer Science) Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 2001. Brent P. Christie. Thesis (M.S. in Software Engineering) Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 2001. Paul E. Young.
Thesis advisor: Berzins, Vaklis ; Luqi. "September 2001." Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-109). Also Available online.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Gevorgyan, Ruzanna. "A qualitative analysis of HIV/AIDS policy in Russian Federation : creating an advocacy model." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8307.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Young, Paul E. "Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for the construction of a Federation Interoperability Object Model (FIOM)." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1739.

Full text
Abstract:
Advances in computer communications technology, the recognition of common areas of functionality in related systems, and an increased awareness of how enhanced information access can lead to improved capability, are driving an interest toward integration of current stand-alone systems to meet future system requirements. However, differences in hardware platforms, software architectures, operating systems, host languages, and data representation have resulted in scores of stand-alone systems that are unable to interoperate properly. Youngαs Object Oriented Model for Interoperability (OOMI) defines an architecture and suite of software tools for resolving data representational differences between systems in order to achieve the desired system interoperability. The Federation Interoperability Object Model (FIOM) Integrated Development Environment (IDE) detailed in this thesis is a toolset that provides computer aid to the task of creating and managing an interoperable federation of systems. This thesis describes the vision and requirements for this tool along with an initial prototype demonstrating how emerging technologies such as XML and Data Binding are utilized to capture the necessary information required to resolve data representational differences between systems. The material presented in this thesis has the potential to significantly reduce the cost and effort required for achieving interoperability between DoD systems.
ARO DMSO NAVSEA
US Navy (USN) author
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Safuanov, Ildar S., and Valery A. Gusev. "Creative mathematical activity of the students in the model of differentiated teaching in Russian Federation." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-80882.

Full text
Abstract:
In this paper, creative mathematical activities of school pupils in conditions of the differentiated teaching in Russian Federation are described. Various forms of differentiated teaching (internal – level, external – profile) are characterized. Ways of using entertaining problems for detecting and fostering mathematical abilities are revealed. New course of geometry for differentiated teaching is introduced.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Lanman, Jeremy Thomas. "A governance reference model for service-oriented architecture-based common data initialization a case study of military simulation federation systems." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4516.

Full text
Abstract:
Military simulation and command and control federations have become large, complex distributed systems that integrate with a variety of legacy and current simulations, and real command and control systems locally as well as globally. As these systems continue to become increasingly more complex so does the data that initializes them. This increased complexity has introduced a major problem in data initialization coordination which has been handled by many organizations in various ways. Service-oriented architecture (SOA) solutions have been introduced to promote easier data interoperability through the use of standards-based reusable services and common infrastructure. However, current SOA-based solutions do not incorporate formal governance techniques to drive the architecture in providing reliable, consistent, and timely information exchange. This dissertation identifies the need to establish governance for common data initialization service development oversight, presents current research and applicable solutions that address some aspects of SOA-based federation data service governance, and proposes a governance reference model for development of SOA-based common data initialization services in military simulation and command and control federations.
ID: 029094323; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 253-261).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Department of Modeling and Simulation
Engineering and Computer Science
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Puglisi, Christopher Michael. "Issues and challenges of federating between different transportation simulators." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26507.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (M. S.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Hunter, Michael; Committee Member: Laval, Jorge; Committee Member: Rodgers, Michael. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Model federation"

1

Aickman, Robert. The model. New York: Arbor House, 1987.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

The model of Tatarstan: Under President Mintimer Shaimiev. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

1960-, Mun U.-sik, ed. European social integration: A model for East Asia? Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 2009.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

M, Leslie Peter, Canada Federal-Provincial Relations Office, and Canada Privy Council Office, eds. The European Community: A political model for Canada? [Hull, Que.]: Supplies and Services Canada, 1991.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Møller, J. Ørstrøm. The future European model: Economic internationalization and cultural decentralization. London: Mansell, 1995.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Møller, J. Ørstrøm. The future European model: Economic internationalization and cultural decentralization. Westport, Ct: Praeger, 1995.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Federation, National Housing, ed. Integrity at work: Model code of conduct for employees of National Housing Federation members. London: National Housing Federation, 1998.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Leslie, Peter M. The European Community: A political model for Canada? [Ottawa]: Supply and Services Canada, 1991.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

The European community: A political model for Canada? Canada: Minister of Supply and Services Canada, 1991.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

A, Kopti͡u︡g V., Uppenbrink Martin 1934-, North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division., and NATO Advanced Research Workshop "Sustainable Development of the Lake Baikal Region as a Model Territory for the World" (1994 : Ulan-Udė, Russia), eds. Sustainable development of the Lake Baikal region: A model territory for the world. Berlin: Springer, 1996.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Model federation"

1

Maamar, Zakaria, Khouloud Boukadi, Emir Ugljanin, Thar Baker, Muhammad Asim, Mohammed Al-Khafajiy, Djamal Benslimane, and Hasna El Alaoui El Abdallaoui. "Thing Federation as a Service: Foundations and Demonstration." In Model and Data Engineering, 184–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00856-7_12.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Romero Coronado, Juan Pablo, and Jörn Altmann. "Model for Incentivizing Cloud Service Federation." In Economics of Grids, Clouds, Systems, and Services, 233–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68066-8_18.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Ray, Benay Kumar, Sunirmal Khatua, and Sarbani Roy. "A Game Theoretic Model for Cloud Federation." In Studies in Big Data, 73–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73676-1_4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Ramakrishnan, Geethapriya, Prashant Anantharaman, and Saswati Mukherjee. "Proactive Resource Provisioning Model for Cloud Federation." In Distributed Computing and Internet Technology, 169–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28034-9_22.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Guilley, Sylvain, Philippe Hoogvorst, and Renaud Pacalet. "Differential Power Analysis Model and Some Results." In IFIP International Federation for Information Processing, 127–42. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-8147-2_9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Uluat, Mehmet Fatih, and Halit Oğuztüzün. "Model Based Approach to the Federation Object Model Independence Problem." In Computer and Information Sciences II, 451–59. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2155-8_58.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Hadi, Yasir, and Salah Gasim Ahmed. "Assessment of Surface Roughness Model for Turning Process." In IFIP International Federation for Information Processing, 152–58. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-34403-9_19.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Sampaio, Márcia, Paula Donegan, Ana Karoline Castro, Plácido Rogério Pinheiro, Adriano de Carvalho, and Arnaldo Dias Belchior. "Multicriteria Model for Selection of Automated System Tests." In IFIP International Federation for Information Processing, 777–82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-34456-x_86.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Liu, Ying, Fengming Tao, and Fei Liu. "Study on Value-Based Model of Products Package Management." In IFIP International Federation for Information Processing, 356–62. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-34403-9_49.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Santin, Altair Olivo, Joni da Silva Fraga, and Carlos Maziero. "Extending the SDSI / SPKI Model through Federation Webs." In Communications and Multimedia Security. Advanced Techniques for Network and Data Protection, 132–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45184-6_11.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Model federation"

1

Boudjemila, Chahrazed, Fabien Dagnat, and Salvador Martínez. "Towards Evolving Secured Multi-Model Systems with Model Federation." In 2023 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems Companion (MODELS-C). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/models-c59198.2023.00148.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Drouot, Bastien, and Joël Champeau. "Model Federation based on Role Modeling." In 7th International Conference on Model-Driven Engineering and Software Development. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007363500720083.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Drouot, Bastien, and Joël Champeau. "Model Federation based on Role Modeling." In 7th International Conference on Model-Driven Engineering and Software Development. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007363500740085.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Assis, Marcio R. M., Luiz F. Bittencourt, and Rafael Tolosana-Calasanz. "Cloud Federation: Characterisation and Conceptual Model." In 2014 IEEE/ACM 7th International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing (UCC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ucc.2014.90.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Golra, Fahad R., Antoine Beugnard, Fabien Dagnat, Sylvain Guerin, and Christophe Guychard. "Continuous Requirements Engineering Using Model Federation." In 2016 IEEE 24th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/re.2016.42.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Ozhan, Gurkan, Ali Cem Dinc, and Halit Oguztuzun. "Model-Integrated Development of Field Artillery Federation Object Model." In 2010 Second International Conference on Advances in System Simulation (SIMUL). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/simul.2010.27.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Golra, Fahad R., Antoine Beugnard, Fabien Dagnat, Sylvain Guerin, and Christophe Guychard. "Addressing modularity for heterogeneous multi-model systems using model federation." In Modularity '16: Companion volume of the 15th International Conference on Modularity. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2892664.2892701.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Krasnykh, S. S. "Autoregressive model of mining in the Russian Federation." In VIII Information school of a young scientist. Central Scientific Library of the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32460/ishmu-2020-8-0024.

Full text
Abstract:
Extraction of mineral resources in the Russian Federation is one of the key industries for replenishing the federal budget. The purpose of this study is to determine the main factors, on which the volume of mining depends.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Wenchao, Zhang, and Li Yafen. "Federation Access Control Model Based on Web-Service." In 2010 International Conference on E-Business and E-Government (ICEE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icee.2010.17.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Mityakov, Evgenii S., Sergei N. Mityakov, Natalia A. Murashova, Andrey I. Ladynin, and Nina M. Shmeleva. "Federation Subjects' Import Dependence Level Hierarchical Clustering Model." In 2023 IV International Conference on Neural Networks and Neurotechnologies (NeuroNT). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/neuront58640.2023.10175840.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Model federation"

1

Dumond, Regis, and Reed Little. A Federation Object Model (FOM) Flexible Federate Framework. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada412315.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Walker, David. The InCommon Federation Trust Model and the Steward Program. Internet2, August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.26869/ti.126.1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Cherry, Ralph. Toward a model of interorganizational fields : a case study of a social service federation. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2857.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Ruff, Grigory, and Tatyana Sidorina. THE DEVELOPMENT MODEL OF ENGINEERING CREATIVITY IN STUDENTS OF MILITARY INSTITUTIONS. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/model_of_engineering_creativity.

Full text
Abstract:
The troops of the national guard of the Russian Federation are equipped with modern models of weapons, special equipment, Informatization tools, engineering weapons that have artificial intelligence in their composition are being developed, " etc., which causes an increase in the requirements for the quality of professional training of future officers. The increasing complexity of military professional activities, the avalanche-like increase in information, the need to develop the ability to quickly and accurately make and implement well-known and own engineering solutions in an unpredictable military environment demonstrates that the most important tasks of modern higher education are not only providing graduates with a system of fundamental and special knowledge and skills, but also developing their professional independence, and this led to the concept of engineering and creative potential in the list of professionally important qualities of an officer. To expedite a special mechanism system compact intense clarity through cognitive visualization of the educational material, thickening of educational knowledge through encoding, consolidation and structuring Principle of cognitive visualization stems from the psychological laws in accordance with which the efficiency of absorption is increased if visibility in training does not only illustrative, but also cognitive function, which leads to active inclusion, along with the left and right hemispheres of the student in the process of assimilation of information, based on the use of logical and semantic modeling, which contributes to the development of engineering and creative potential.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Kokurina, Olga Yu. STATE SOVEREIGNTY AND PUBLIC RESPONSIBILITY OF GOVERNMENT IN THE LIGHT OF A SYSTEMIC-ORGANIC APPROACH: INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH. SIB-Expertise, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0755.18122023.

Full text
Abstract:
This electronic resource contains a critical summary of the problems of sovereign statehood and the responsibility of public authority in the light of an interdisciplinary systemic organic approach. The author reveals the essence and content of the categories “sovereign statehood” and “responsibility of public authority” as key factors of the state legal system for ensuring the life of the Russian Federation in the conditions of the emergence of a new world order. It is shown that the multi-valued category of “statehood” (statehood, stateness, nationhood, nationness) reflects the complexity of the concept, which characterizes the status and ability of the state to carry out its functions, and on the other hand, reflects the cultural-historical and spiritual-ideological unity of society, which is the deepest internal semantic content both preceding the state and completing its sociohistorical formation in the course of state development and historical transformations. Based on the systemic-organic approach and within the framework of the structure of the Aristotelian tetrad, the author reveals an integral model of the political and legal phenomenon of “statehood”, in which the final cause (ethion) is determined by “sovereign statehood”, which presupposes unity, integrity, actual autonomy, independence, independence and self-sufficiency states in making decisions that ensure the historical existence and development of the country. The work presents a theoretical understanding of social (public) solidarity as a legal construct and instrument of social harmony and integrity of the state-legal body of the Russian Federation. It is shown that public solidarity, as a constitutional and administrative-legal phenomenon in its positive and negative forms, creates the necessary basis for the implementation of the principle of mutual responsibility of the individual, society and state. An idea of the responsibilities of the state, its bodies and officials to the individual and society is given, the role and place of public legal responsibility of holders of power in the solidary social mechanism is outlined. In general, the results of interdisciplinary research are aimed at identifying key factors in social theory and practice that contribute to the acquisition of true independence and self-sufficiency of Russian statehood and the preservation of the civilizational foundations of a multinational Russian society. The manual will be useful to undergraduate and graduate students studying social and political sciences, and anyone interested in the theory and practice of government.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Pinchuk, O. P., and A. A. Prokopenko. Model of a computer-orient-ed methodological system for the development of digital competence of officers of the military administration of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the system of qualification improvement. Національна академія Державної прикордонної служби України імені Б. Хмельницького, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33407/lib.naes.736836.

Full text
Abstract:
Pedagogical modeling of modern educational environments remains an urgent task of educational sciences. Research on the formation and development of digital competence of specialists, although they have common features, differ and acquire characteristic features depending on the field of application. This is due to the focus on mastering specific professional skills and increasing the professional level. We found out that, compared to the social and humanitarian sphere and medicine, the development of digital competence of specialists in the military and defense industry is little discussed in scientific sources. The development of digital competence of military personnel, in particular military management officers, is an urgent problem that requires an immediate solution. On the one hand, the armed aggression of the Russian Federation adds to the criticality of the situation, on the other hand, scientific and technical progress and, as a result, the appearance of new types of weapons and the complexity of digital tools in the environments of military specialists. Scientific approaches and conceptual principles regarding the formation of digital competence of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and NATO member countries are described. Problems, contradictions and trends in the development of digital education of military specialists in the system of professional development are singled out. The article clarifies the concept of “digital competence of military command officers” of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The authors developed and substantiated a theoretical model of a computer-oriented methodical system for the development of digital competence of officers of the military administration of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the system of professional development, which is presented in an informative scheme with a description of individual modules combined into conceptual, target, content-methodical, procedural, technological and effective blocks. The built model ensures systematicity and consistency of the educational process in the digital educational environment of higher military education institutions for the development of digital competencies of military management officers. The technological unit contains a variety of software for training and training. In particular, specialized computer programs and multimedia guides. In the content-methodical block, among other things, the following modules are presented: cloud services; information-didactic and educational-methodical learning tools, multimedia objects, VR/AR tools, AI elements that allow selection of existing ones or creation of new learning materials; Training Course; diagnostic tools, etc. The prospect is the verification of the developed model during distance training.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Stephan, Eric G., Ronald A. Pawlowski, Siddharth Sridhar, and Mark J. Rice. Federating Cyber and Physical Models for Event-Driven Situational Awareness. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1439715.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Lafuente, Mariano, Rafael Leite, Miguel Porrúa, and Pablo Valenti. Transformação digital dos governos brasileiros: Tendências na transformação digital em governos estaduais e no Distrito Federal do Brasil. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003009.

Full text
Abstract:
Nos últimos anos, o Brasil deu um salto na agenda de transformação digital dos serviços públicos, recebendo o reconhecimento de organizações internacionais como a ONU e a OCDE. No entanto, o modelo federativo do país assegurou aos governos estaduais as principais competências de atenção direta à cidadania. Em que pese essa constatação, são escassas as informações sobre o funcionamento das políticas de governo digital em nível subnacional no país. No entanto, com o advento da pandemia de COVID-19 e a introdução das políticas de distanciamento social, a digitalização dos serviços públicos tornou-se uma agenda emergencial em todos os níveis de governo, e as disparidades de capacidade entre as administrações para enfrentar este momento de crise tornaram-se evidentes. É nesse contexto que surge a necessidade traçar um diagnóstico comparado sobre o nível de desenvolvimento da agenda de transformação digital dos serviços públicos em nível estadual no país, objetivo do presente documento, elaborado com base em uma pesquisa feita pelo BID entre os meses de agosto e setembro de 2020 em parceria com GTD.GOV e com a participação de autoridades dos governos estaduais e do Distrito Federal brasileiro.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Ter-Minassian, Teresa, and Andrés Muñoz Miranda. Options for a Reform of the Mexican Intergovernmental Transfer System in Light of International Experiences. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004217.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper focuses on the design of intergovernmental transfers to reduce vertical and horizontal fiscal imbalances and improve the performance of subnational governments. It provides an overview of international experiences, especially of large federations, with a view to devising viable options for reform of the transfer system in Mexico. While there is no one-size-fits-all ideal model of design and implementation of intergovernmental transfer systems, this analysis points to some lessons that can inform reforms, including the need to view intergovernmental transfers as an integral part of the overall system of intergovernmental fiscal relations; the use of different types of intergovernmental transfers that are best suited to fulfill different objectives; and the incorporation of equalization schemes to address regional disparities. In the light of these experiences, we find that the current Mexican transfer system is too fragmented, is linked to volatile oil revenues, involves substantial discretion in the allocation of a significant portion of the transfers, and lacks sufficient equalizing power. This paper presents and discusses possible reform options and demonstrates that it is altogether possible to reduce transfer dependence to promote effort and fiscal responsibility; simplify the system to increase predictability and ease its administration; eliminate discretion to increase transparency and establish stronger subnational budget constraints; and improve fiscal equalization to promote equity in subnational service delivery. Careful consideration of political economy dynamics is given in the simulations of possible reforms, with a view to minimizing short-term gains and losses as well as political opposition.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

NELYUBINA, E., and L. PANFILOVA. ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF EDUCATIONAL ELECTRONIC PUBLICATIONS AND RESOURCES. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-4034-2021-12-4-2-85-97.

Full text
Abstract:
Now the whole life of a person has switched to online mode. These changes also affected the education system. This means the need to introduce new technologies into the educational process. Books, manuals, printed publications are being replaced by electronic educational resources. Providing up-to-date, verified information to students has always been and remains one of the most important functions of the teacher. Unfortunately, with the transition of training to the online mode, the teacher cannot use his literature when conducting classes. In this regard, there is a need to use electronic resources. On the one hand, the development of the global network implies the presence of a large number of a wide variety of sites, which cannot but be a positive aspect, because both the teacher and the student can independently choose a resource that will be most understandable. But on the other hand, the variety of Internet resources implies the presence of unverified, false information, which can negatively affect the quality of education. That is why it is necessary to analyze new information systems. The problem is the presence of a large number of information technologies and resources used in education. Purpose. The goal is to conduct a comparative analysis of educational electronic publications and resources most often used by teachers of the natural science cycle in terms of their fullness, accessibility and use in the educational process. Method or methodology of the work. The requirements for the organization of a comprehensive examination suggest an approach that includes an examination of technical and technological, psychological, pedagogical and design-ergonomic aspects of the creation and use of educational electronic publications and resources, in our work we were based precisely on generalized research methods: 1) Technical and technological expertise (technical component of the site, its position in the network). 2) Psychological and pedagogical expertise (component by the type of educational electronic publication or resource, level of education, type and form of the educational process, assessment of the content and scenario of the informatization tool). 3) Design-ergonomic expertise (assessment of the quality of interface components of educational electronic publications and resources, their compliance with uniform ergonomic, aesthetic and health-saving requirements; assessment of the quality of interface components of educational electronic editions and resources, their compliance with uniform ergonomic, aesthetic and health-saving requirements). Results. The main sites that are frequently used by teachers of the natural science cycle of disciplines are the Russian Textbook corporation, the Enlightenment group of companies, the Binom publishing house, the Digital Age School, the practical significance of the study is determined by the high level of readiness of the results obtained, during the study it was found that it is advisable to introduce an information-electronic educational site - the Russian textbook corporation - into the pedagogical practice of the implementation of natural science subjects. The advantages of this server were established and recommendations for its use in the educational process were developed. Practical implications: the results obtained are expedient to be applied in educational institutions of the Russian Federation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Model federation' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography