Journal articles on the topic 'Model-based definitions'
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Dickerson, Michael, Harry P. Frisch, and David W. Oliver. "Definitions for Model-Based Systems Engineering." INSIGHT 10, no. 3 (July 2007): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/inst.200710323a.
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Tan, Hai Zhong. "A New Criterion for Attribute Reduction Based on Variable Precision Rough Set Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 1579–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.1579.
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The rule set which is acquired based on rough set theory can be classified into two categories: deterministic rules and probabilistic rules. Traditional attribute reduction definitions in variable precision rough set model cannot guarantee the rule properties, namely deterministic or probabilistic. In this paper, a new criterion for attribute reduction is put forward based on variable precision rough set model. The rule properties can be preserved during the process of attribute reduction. The relationships between the new reduct definition and available definitions, including Ziarko’s reduct definition and β lower distribution reduct definition are also discussed.
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Socha, Grzegorz, and Lech Dietrich. "Deformation Based Fatigue Damage Accumulation Model." Solid State Phenomena 240 (August 2015): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.240.128.
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This paper reports results of fatigue testing performed under fully reversible, load controlled uniaxial tension-compression. For this scheme of loading definition of relative damage indicator and cumulative damage indicator parameter was given and changes of such parameters during the life of the material were shown for two grades of steel. Simple damage criterion proposed by Johnson [6] was modified to define damage indicator parameter. Definitions of damage parameters based on proposed damage indicator and damage indicator parameter were also given. Damage curves showing changes of damage parameter as the function of the life fraction were shown to illustrate progress of damage during the life of the material.
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P. Sedykh, Arkadiy, Elena I. Bezrukova, Nelly L. Krivchikova, Natalia B. Kudryavtseva, V. Naydenova, Tatiana N. Skokova, and Sophia A. Moisseeva. "TEXT DEFINITIONS OF CLASSIFYING TYPE." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 5 (October 24, 2019): 811–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.75103.
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Purpose: This article deals with the detailed consideration of definitional periphrases of classifying type as the textual modification of generic and specific classic definition; the essence of definitional relations of such type of text definitions is revealed.
Methodology: The main method used in the article is the method of definitional analysis. The intuitive-logical, inductive-empirical, deductive-synthetic method, component analysis method and transformation method were also used. The study was based on examples from fiction, educational, popular science literature, as well as collections of quotes and aphorisms.
Result: Moreover, the detailed analysis of logical-semantic relations supplementing the definitional relations in these definitional periphrases is given. Classification relations are described especially thoroughly. The main attention is focused on revealing the types of definitional classifying predictors, on the basis of which modified text definitions are formed.
Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students.
Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Text Definitions of Classifying Type is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
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Brusoni, Vittorio, Luca Console, Paolo Terenziani, and Daniele Theseider Dupré. "A spectrum of definitions for temporal model-based diagnosis." Artificial Intelligence 102, no. 1 (June 1998): 39–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0004-3702(98)00044-7.
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CONSOLE, LUCA, and PIETRO TORASSO. "A spectrum of logical definitions of model-based diagnosis." Computational Intelligence 7, no. 3 (August 1991): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1991.tb00388.x.
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Hadaegh, Farzad, Azadeh Zabetian, Maryam Tohidi, Asghar Ghasemi, Farhad Sheikholeslami, and Fereidoun Azizi. "Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome by the Adult Treatment Panel III, International Diabetes Federation, and World Health Organization Definitions and their Association with Coronary Heart Disease in an Elderly Iranian Population." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 38, no. 2 (February 15, 2009): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v38n2p142.
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Introduction: To determine the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) in an Iranian elderly population and show its association with coronary heart disease (CHD). Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study on 720 Iranian men and women aged 65 years who participated in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of developing CHD in model 1, an age-adjusted model; model 2, adjusted for age, smoking status, premature history of CHD and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol; and model 3, adjusted for mentioned variables plus the MS components. Results: The prevalence of MS was 50.8%, 41.8% and 41.9% based on the Adult Treatment Panel (ATPIII), the World Health Organisation (WHO), and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definitions, respectively. The IDF definition showed high agreement with the ATPIII definition. Age-adjusted OR (95% CI) of the MS for CHD was 1.6 (1.2 to 2.2) by both the ATPIII and WHO definitions and 1.4 (1.0 to 1.9) by the IDF definition. IDF-defined MS lost its association with CHD in model 2. In model 3, obesity (WHO definition) and high blood pressure (ATPIII and WHO definitions) were associated with CHD. Conclusions: In an elderly Iranian population MS is highly prevalent. ATPIII and WHO definitions seem to be more pertinent than IDF for screening CHD risk. None of these definitions showed association with CHD when considering their components. Key words: Ageing, Cardiovascular disease, Epidemiology, Insulin resistance
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Benzi, Margherita. "Defining Metabolic Syndrome: Which Kind of Causality, if any, is Required?" Disputatio 9, no. 47 (December 1, 2017): 553–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/disp-2017-0018.
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Abstract The definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been, and still is, extremely controversial. My purpose is not to give a solution to the associated debate but to argue that the controversy is at least partially due to the different ‘causal content’ of the various definitions: their theoretical validity and practical utility can be evaluated by reconstructing or making explicit the underlying causal structure. I will therefore propose to distinguish the alternative definitions according to the kinds of causal content they carry: (1) definitions grounded on associations, (2) definitions presupposing a causal model built upon statistical associations, and (3) definitions grounded on underlying mechanisms. I suggest that analysing definitions according to their causal content can be helpful in evaluating alternative definitions of some diseases. I want to show how the controversy over MetS suggests a distinction among three kinds of definitions based on how explicitly they characterise the syndrome in causal terms, and on the type of causality involved. I will call ‘type 1 definitions’ those definitions that are purely associative; ‘type 2 definitions’ the definitions based on statistical associations, plus generic medical and causal knowledge; and ‘type 3 definitions’ the definitions based on (hypotheses about) mechanisms. These kinds of definitions, although different, can be related to each other. A definition with more specific causal content may be useful in the evaluation of definitions characterised by a lower degree of causal specificity. Moreover, the identification of the type of causality involved is of help to constitute a good criterion for choosing among different definitions of a pathological entity. In section (1) I introduce the controversy about MetS, in section (2) I propose some remarks about medical definitions and their ‘causal import’, and in section (3) I suggest that the different attitudes towards the definition of MetS are relevant to evaluate their explicative power.
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Mustafina, R. F. "PROTOTYPICAL MODELING OF ENGLISH VERBS OF TRUE INFORMATION." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 32, no. 5 (October 14, 2022): 1137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2022-32-5-1137-1140.
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The article is an attempt at prototypical analysis of English verbs of true information by creating prototypical situations of verbs and identifying propositions from the definitions of verbs. In our study, a prototypical situation is understood as a cognitive model of a typical situation based on the word definition. During the definitional analysis of verbs, propositions and presuppositions were also distinguished. The article examined 22 English verbs of true information.
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Kamhi, Alan G. "The Need for a Broad-Based Model of Phonological Disorders." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 23, no. 3 (July 1992): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.2303.261.
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My response to Fey’s article (1985; reprinted 1992, this issue) focuses on the confusion caused by the application of simplistic phonological definitions and models to the assessment and treatment of children with speech delays. In addition to having no explanatory adequacy, such definitions/models lead either to assessment and treatment procedures that are similarly focused or to procedures that have no clear logical ties to the models with which they supposedly are linked. Narrowly focused models and definitions also usually include no mention of speech production processes. Bemoaning this state of affairs, I attempt to show why it is important for clinicians to embrace broad-based models of phonological disorders that have some explanatory value. Such models are consistent with assessment procedures that are comprehensive in nature and treatment procedures that focus on linguistic, as well as motoric, aspects of speech.
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Nicolaus, Stefanie, Baptiste Crelier, Jacques D. Donzé, and Carole E. Aubert. "Definition of patient complexity in adults: A narrative review." Journal of Multimorbidity and Comorbidity 12 (January 2022): 263355652210812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26335565221081288.
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Background Better identification of complex patients could help to improve their care. However, the definition of patient complexity itself is far from obvious. We conducted a narrative review to identify, describe, and synthesize the definitions of patient complexity used in the last 25 years. Methods We searched PubMed for articles published in English between January 1995 and September 2020, defining patient complexity. We extended the search to the references of the included articles. We assessed the domains presented in the definitions, and classified the definitions as based on (1) medical aspects (e.g., number of conditions) or (2) medical and/or non-medical aspects (e.g., socio-economic status). We assessed whether the definition was based on a tool (e.g., index) or conceptual model. Results Among 83 articles, there was marked heterogeneity in the patient complexity definitions. Domains contributing to complexity included health, demographics, behavior, socio-economic factors, healthcare system, medical decision-making, and environment. Patient complexity was defined according to medical aspects in 30 (36.1%) articles, and to medical and/or non-medical aspects in 53 (63.9%) articles. A tool was used in 36 (43.4%) articles, and a conceptual model in seven (8.4%) articles. Conclusion A consensus concerning the definition of patient complexity was lacking. Most definitions incorporated non-medical factors in the definition, underlining the importance of accounting not only for medical but also for non-medical aspects, as well as for their interrelationship.
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Bruynooghe, Maurice, Marc Denecker, and Miroslaw Truszczynski. "First Order Logic with Inductive Definitions for Model-Based Problem Solving." AI Magazine 37, no. 3 (October 7, 2016): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v37i3.2679.
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In answer-set programming (ASP), programs can be viewed as specifications of finite Herbrand structures. Other logics can be (and, in fact, were) used towards the same end and can be taken as the basis of declarative programming systems of similar functionality as ASP. We discuss here one such logic, the logic FO(ID), and its implementation IDP3. The choice is motivated by notable similarities between ASP and FO(ID), even if both approaches trace back to different origins
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BECHER, GERD KOCK THOMAS. "FLEXIBLE NEURO-FUZZY SIMULATION BASED ON ABSTRACT MODEL AND INTERFACE DEFINITIONS." Cybernetics and Systems 29, no. 7 (October 1998): 689–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/019697298125489.
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Han, Eunjin, Adama Faye, Mbaye Diop, Bohar Singh, Komla Kyky Ganyo, and Walter Baethgen. "Evaluating Agronomic Onset Definitions in Senegal through Crop Simulation Modeling." Atmosphere 13, no. 12 (December 17, 2022): 2122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13122122.
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Rainfed agriculture in Senegal is heavily affected by weather-related risks, particularly timing of start/end of the rainy season. For climate services in agriculture, the National Meteorological Agency (ANACIM) of Senegal has defined an onset of rainy season based on the rainfall. In the field, however, farmers do not necessarily follow the ANACIM’s onset definition. To close the gap between the parallel efforts by a climate information producer (i.e., ANACIM) and its actual users in agriculture (e.g., farmers), it is desirable to understand how the currently available onset definitions are linked to the yield of specific crops. In this study, we evaluated multiple onset definitions, including rainfall-based and soil-moisture-based ones, in terms of their utility in sorghum production using the DSSAT–Sorghum model. The results show that rainfall-based definitions are highly variable year to year, and their delayed onset estimation could cause missed opportunities for higher yields with earlier planting. Overall, soil-moisture-based onset dates determined by a crop simulation model produced yield distributions closer to the ones by semi-optimal planting dates than the other definitions, except in a relatively wet southern location. The simulated yields, particularly based on the ANACIM’s onset definition, showed statistically significant differences from the semi-optimal yields for a range of percentiles (25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th) and the means of the yield distributions in three locations. The results emphasize that having a good definition and skillful forecasts of onset is critical to improving the management of risks of crop production in Senegal.
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Vogel, Elisabeth, Zoya Dyka, Dan Klann, and Peter Langendörfer. "Resilience in the Cyberworld: Definitions, Features and Models." Future Internet 13, no. 11 (November 19, 2021): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi13110293.
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Resilience is a feature that is gaining more and more attention in computer science and computer engineering. However, the definition of resilience for the cyber landscape, especially embedded systems, is not yet clear. This paper discusses definitions provided by different authors, on different years and with different application areas the field of computer science/computer engineering. We identify the core statements that are more or less common to the majority of the definitions, and based on this we give a holistic definition using attributes for (cyber-) resilience. In order to pave a way towards resilience engineering, we discuss a theoretical model of the life cycle of a (cyber-) resilient system that consists of key actions presented in the literature. We adapt this model for embedded (cyber-) resilient systems.
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Wesley, Meredith G., Yeny Tinoco, Archana Patel, Piyarat Suntarattiwong, Danielle R. Hunt, Giselle Soto, Chalinthorn Sinthuwattanawibool, et al. "1644. Performance of Symptom-Based Case Definitions to Identify Influenza Virus Infection among Pregnant Women in Middle-Income Countries: Findings from the Pregnancy and Influenza Multinational Epidemiologic (PRIME) Study." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1508.
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Abstract Background The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends case definitions for influenza surveillance that are also used in public health research, though their performance has not been assessed in many risk groups, including pregnant women in whom influenza may manifest differently. Â We evaluated the performance of symptom-based case definitions to detect influenza in a cohort of pregnant women in India, Peru, and Thailand. Methods In 2017, we contacted 4774 pregnant women twice a week during the influenza season to identify illnesses with new or worsened cough, runny nose, sore throat, difficulty breathing or myalgia, and collected data on other symptoms and nasal swabs for influenza rRT–PCR testing. To identify symptom predictors of influenza, we used multivariable logistic regression with forward selection of symptoms significant in univariate analysis after controlling for country, chronic conditions, influenza vaccination, and time from symptom onset to swab collection. We calculated sensitivity and specificity of each symptom, WHO respiratory illness case definitions and a case definition based on significant predictors from the multivariable model. Results Of 2431 eligible illness episodes among 1,716 participants, 142 (5.8%) were positive for influenza. Among individual symptoms, runny nose was most sensitive and measured fever ≥ 38° Celsius was most specific (Figure 1). In a multivariable model, measured fever ≥ 38° Celsius [adjusted odds ratio = 3.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.0–7.2], cough [2.7, CI 1.6–4.7], chills [2.2, CI 1.2–3.8], and myalgia [1.2, CI 2.2, 5.3] were independently associated with influenza illness. A case definition based on these four (measured fever, cough, chills or myalgia), was 91%-sensitive and 37% specific. Sensitivity and specificity of case definitions varied (Figure 2). Conclusion While a case definition based on one or more of fever, chills, cough or myalgia is highly-sensitive and moderately specific among pregnant women, case definitions requiring measured or subjective fever may miss many influenza cases making them sub-optimal for studies of burden or vaccine efficacy. The intended use of case definitions should be considered when evaluating the tradeoff between sensitivity and specificity. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Tjaden, Patricia, Nancy Thoennes, and Christine J. Allison. "Comparing Stalking Victimization From Legal and Victim Perspectives." Violence and Victims 15, no. 1 (January 2000): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.15.1.7.
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Because stalking has only recently been recognized as a serious social problem and criminal justice concern, it is not surprising that there is little consensus among lawmakers about what constitutes stalking. To further understanding of how legal definitions and victim definitions of stalking intersect and diverge, this study compares stalking prevalence using a definition of stalking that is based on the model antistalking code for states developed by the Federal government versus a definition of stalking that is victim delineated. Data for the study come from a national telephone survey that queried 8,000 men and 8,000 women about their experiences with stalking victimization using both direct questions that contained the word “stalking” and behaviorally specific questions. Results show that prevalence estimates increase when respondents are allowed to self-define stalking victimization. However, victim definitions of stalking tend to converge with the model antistalking code’s definition of stalking in the vast majority of cases. Only 4% of survey respondents defined themselves as stalking victims but failed to meet the legal definition of a stalking victim. A negligible proportion denied being stalked despite the fact they met the legal definition of a stalking victim.
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Mohagheghi, Parastoo, Vegard Dehlen, and Tor Neple. "Definitions and approaches to model quality in model-based software development – A review of literature." Information and Software Technology 51, no. 12 (December 2009): 1646–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2009.04.004.
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Debbabi, Maurad. "A Model-Based Concurrent Specification Language over CML: Semantic Foundations." Parallel Processing Letters 07, no. 03 (September 1997): 329–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626497000346.
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In this paper we address the problem of specification and design of concurrent systems. More accurately, we present the definition of a new specification language that is formal, wide-spectrum, model-based, concurrent, polymorphic and strongly implicitly typed. The language is built upon a concurrent, funtional and imperative programming language: Concurrent ML. Specification aspects are supported thanks to the addition of some specification constructs and also by allowing axioms to ML structures and signatures. The resulting specification language is thus highly expressive though it embodies a restricted number of concepts. We present here the motivations underlying the definition of such a language as well as the design choices. Furthermore, we introduce the specification and development methology and illustrate it on various examples. We will see that many specification styles are allowed: algebraic, applicative, state-based, concurrent applicative and concurrent imperative. We show that the language rests on secure theoretical foundations exemplified by formal syntactic and semantic definitions. The latter consists in a static semantics together with a dynamic semantics. The static semantics reconstructs not only principal types but also minimal side and communication effects. This is done thanks to an extension of the type and effect discipline. The language is also endowed with a dynamic denotational semantics. The underlying model is based on an extension of the acceptance trees model to handle value-passing, communication, assignment, sequencing, return of results and higher order objects.
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Deng, Jianwei, Jiahao Liu, Wenhao Deng, Tianan Yang, and Zhezhe Duan. "Redefinition and Measurement Dimensions of Sustainable Employability Based on the swAge-Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24 (December 15, 2021): 13230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413230.
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Objectives: To solve the labour shortage, we clarify the definition and dimensions of sustainable employability, and make it possible to develop sustainable employability scales in the future and lay the foundation for subsequent quantitative research. Finally, people’s sustainable employability can be improved. Highly sustainable employability employees can continue to work in the labour market and their working lives can be prolonged. Labour market supply will increase and labour shortage will be partly solved. Methods: We discuss the concept of sustainable employability based on some previous studies. Our conclusion is that the existing definitions and measurement dimensions are problematic. The swAge-model, a tool that helps us understand how to make working life more sustainable and healthier for all ages, can be the basis of sustainable employability. Results: We develop a discussion paper concerning the definition and measurement dimensions of sustainable employability using the swAge-model with an added factor of intrinsic work value and the dynamic chain. Conclusions: Our definition of sustainable employability takes environmental factors into consideration and makes it clear that it is not a solely personal characteristic, but the result of an interaction between individuals and the environment, thus distinguishing employability from work ability. We use the swAge-model as a basis to make the composition of our definition more logical and informed. Our measurement dimensions are clearly described to facilitate the future development of a scale, and our concept may ultimately help to extend the working lives of older and retired workers and thus solve the future labour shortage problem.
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Nawaz, Ayla, Christian Herzog né Hoffmann, Jan Graßhoff, Sven Pfeiffer, Gerwald Lichtenberg, and Philipp Rostalski. "Probabilistic model-based fault diagnosis for the cavities of the European XFEL." at - Automatisierungstechnik 69, no. 6 (May 27, 2021): 538–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auto-2020-0064.
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Abstract The European X-ray Free Electron Laser (EuXFEL) is a complex system with many interconnected components and sensor measurements. We use factor graphs to systematically design a probabilistic fault diagnosis method for its cavity system. This approach is expandable to further subsystems and considers uncertainties from measurements and modeling. After representing a model of the cavity system in the factor graph framework, we infer marginal distributions, e. g., of the fault classes using tabulated message-passing definitions. The emerging fault diagnosis method consists of an unscented Kalman filter-based residual generator and an evaluation of the residuals using a Gaussian mixture model. We include message-passing definitions for the training of the Gaussian Mixture Model from noisy data using the expectation-maximization algorithm.
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Drushlyak, Marina G., Olena V. Semenikhina, Volodymyr V. Proshkin, Serhii Ya Kharchenko, and Tetyana D. Lukashova. "Methodology of formation of modeling skills based on a constructive approach (on the example of GeoGebra)." CTE Workshop Proceedings 8 (March 19, 2021): 458–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.55056/cte.300.
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Author’s methodology of forming modeling skills involves 4 steps: Step 1 – the teacher step by step constructs the curve by means of cloud based service GeoGebra; Step 2 – the teacher offers a description-definition of the curve and provides a ready-made algorithm by which students model the curve independently in GeoGebra; Step 3 – the teacher offers an algorithm for constructing a curve model, and students need to characterize the properties of the curve or give its definition based on the results, Step 4 – students are offered definitions of curves that they have to model in GeoGebra). An example of realization of the author’s methodology is given, the pedagogical experiment on proof of its effectiveness is described.
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Alrammal, Muath, Munir Naveed, and Georgios Tsaramirsis. "A Novel Monte-Carlo Simulation-Based Model for Malware Detection (eRBCM)." Electronics 10, no. 22 (November 22, 2021): 2881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10222881.
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The use of innovative and sophisticated malware definitions poses a serious threat to computer-based information systems. Such malware is adaptive to the existing security solutions and often works without detection. Once malware completes its malicious activity, it self-destructs and leaves no obvious signature for detection and forensic purposes. The detection of such sophisticated malware is very challenging and a non-trivial task because of the malware’s new patterns of exploiting vulnerabilities. Any security solutions require an equal level of sophistication to counter such attacks. In this paper, a novel reinforcement model based on Monte-Carlo simulation called eRBCM is explored to develop a security solution that can detect new and sophisticated network malware definitions. The new model is trained on several kinds of malware and can generalize the malware detection functionality. The model is evaluated using a benchmark set of malware. The results prove that eRBCM can identify a variety of malware with immense accuracy.
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Dong, Biao. "Research on Mobile Learning Based on a Feedback Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 678 (October 2014): 653–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.678.653.
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This paper presents an approach for modeling the mobile learning applications using a feedback-based recommendation model. Formal definitions are proposed for the mobile learning activity. The design unites three of the mobile learning's aspects, namely learner, service and context, and provides means for learner service evaluation within the recommendation model. The results show that the recommendation model can easily be constructed, while enabling accurate recommendations by solving the sparsity problem of service and learner′s information.
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Schmidt, Marvin M., Thomas C. Zimmermann, and Rainer Stark. "Systematic Literature Review of System Models for Technical System Development." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (March 28, 2021): 3014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073014.
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In Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) there is yet no converged terminology. The term ‘system model’ is used in different contexts in literature. In this study we elaborated the definitions and usages of the term ‘system model’, to find a common definition. We analyzed 104 publications in depth for their usage and definition as well as their meta-data e.g., the publication year and publication background to find some common patterns. While the term is gaining more interest in recent years, it is used in a broad range of contexts for both analytical and synthetic use cases. Based on this, three categories of system models have been defined and integrated into a more precise definition.
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Kim, Junsu, Seok-Woo Son, Edwin P. Gerber, and Hyo-Seok Park. "Defining Sudden Stratospheric Warming in Climate Models: Accounting for Biases in Model Climatologies." Journal of Climate 30, no. 14 (July 2017): 5529–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0465.1.
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A sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) is often defined as zonal-mean zonal wind reversal at 10 hPa and 60°N. This simple definition has been applied not only to the reanalysis data but also to climate model output. In the present study, it is shown that the application of this definition to models can be significantly influenced by model mean biases (i.e., more frequent SSWs appear to occur in models with a weaker climatological polar vortex). To overcome this deficiency, a tendency-based definition is proposed and applied to the multimodel datasets archived for phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). In this definition, SSW-like events are defined by sufficiently strong vortex deceleration. This approach removes a linear relationship between SSW frequency and intensity of the climatological polar vortex in the CMIP5 models. The models’ SSW frequency instead becomes significantly correlated with the climatological upward wave flux at 100 hPa, a measure of interaction between the troposphere and stratosphere. Lower stratospheric wave activity and downward propagation of stratospheric anomalies to the troposphere are also reasonably well captured. However, in both definitions, the high-top models generally exhibit more frequent SSWs than the low-top models. Moreover, a hint of more frequent SSWs in a warm climate is found in both definitions.
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Sun, Fei Xian. "Danger Theory Based Model for Network Security Risk Assessment." Advanced Materials Research 187 (February 2011): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.187.148.
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Inspired by the principles of immunity, a danger theory based model for network security risk assessment is proposed. After introducing the principle of the danger theory and with the improved concepts and formal definitions presented, the model architecture is described. And then, the methods of network intrusion detection and security risk assessment are given. Theoretical analysis and simu-lation results show that the proposed model can evaluate the network attack in real-time. Thus, it provides an effective risk assessment solution to network security.
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Abramov, Oleg, Kirstin L. Bebell, and Stephen J. Mojzsis. "Emergent Bioanalogous Properties of Blockchain-based Distributed Systems." Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres 51, no. 2 (June 2021): 131–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11084-021-09608-1.
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AbstractWe apply a novel definition of biological systems to a series of reproducible observations on a blockchain-based distributed virtual machine (dVM). We find that such blockchain-based systems display a number of bioanalogous properties, such as response to the environment, growth and change, replication, and homeostasis, that fit some definitions of life. We further present a conceptual model for a simple self-sustaining, self-organizing, self-regulating distributed ‘organism’ as an operationally closed system that would fulfill all basic definitions and criteria for life, and describe developing technologies, particularly artificial neural network (ANN) based artificial intelligence (AI), that would enable it in the near future. Notably, such systems would have a number of specific advantages over biological life, such as the ability to pass acquired traits to offspring, significantly improved speed, accuracy, and redundancy of their genetic carrier, and potentially unlimited lifespans. Public blockchain-based dVMs provide an uncontained environment for the development of artificial general intelligence (AGI) with the capability to evolve by self-direction.
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Helland, Turid. "Trends in Dyslexia Research during the Period 1950 to 2020—Theories, Definitions, and Publications." Brain Sciences 12, no. 10 (September 29, 2022): 1323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12101323.
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Introduction. The focus of the present paper is on (1) how dyslexia research and hence definitions have developed during the period 1950–2020 and includes (2) a database search of scientific publications on dyslexia during the same period. The focus is on the definitions of dyslexia and the organization of the network search based on the causal four-level model by Morton and Frith. Method. (1) The definitions are presented in accordance with a historic review of dyslexia research from 1950 to 2020 and based on (2) Google Scholar counts of publications on dyslexia, on defining dyslexia, on dyslexia at the four levels (symptomatic, cognitive, biological, environmental), and by areas (sensorimotor, comorbidity). Finally, a percentage calculation shows the relative development within each level and area by decennium (1950–1960, 1960–1970, 1970–1980, 1990–2000, 2002–2010, 2010–2020). Results. (1) Of the seven definitions presented, only the definition by the BDA 2007 included the four levels of the causal model. (2) The number of publications increased substantially over the period. However, relatively few publications have defined dyslexia. An increase in publications from 1950 to 2020 was seen across the four levels and two areas—however, with an alteration in the thematic focus over this time span. Summary. Defining dyslexia has still not reached a consensus. This uncertainty may explain why only one of the seven definitions proved satisfactory according to the four-level model. Along with the general increase in research, publications on dyslexia have increased accordingly during the period 1950 to 2020. Although the symptomatic level has played a dominant role over the whole period, thematic shifts have been seen over these 70 years. In particular, a substantial thematic shift was seen by the turn of the millennium. There has been a relative increase in the focus on literacy at the symptomatic level, on phonological awareness at the cognitive level, in gender at the biological level, and second language learning as comorbidities. However, increases in counts are not alone a valid indication of scientific progress. In particular, the lack of definitional criteria as a basis for participant and method selection should attract much more focus in future studies. The present study underlines the multifactorial nature of dyslexia, as evidenced by a substantial increase in the number of publications on the subject. It is a challenge for future research to continuously use and possibly redefine dyslexia definitions in line with such standards.
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Hurt, Teresa D., Gordon F. M. Rakita, and Robert D. Leonard. "Models, Definitions, and Stylistic Variation: Comment on Ortman." American Antiquity 66, no. 4 (October 2001): 742–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2694188.
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Ortman's comments concerning the evolutionary archaeology model of style in his study of the textile metaphor in Mesa Verde pottery designs are based upon a misunderstanding of the assumptions of the neutral model of style. We clarify these assumptions and explain why Ortman's study is not a test of the model.
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Li, Ying, and Baotian Dong. "The Algebraic Operations and Their Implementation Based on a Two-Layer Cloud Data Model." Cybernetics and Information Technologies 16, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cait-2016-0074.
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Abstract The existing cloud data models cannot meet the management requirements of structured data very well including a great deal of relational data, therefore a two-layer cloud data model is proposed. The composite object is defined to model the nested data in the representation layer, while a 4-tuple is defined to model the non-nested data in the storage layer. Referring the relational algebra, the concept of SNO (Simple Nested Object) is defined as basic operational unit of the algebraic operations; the formal definitions of the algebraic operations consisting of the set operations and the query operations on the representation layer are proposed. The algorithm of extracting all SNOs from a CAO (Component-Attribute-Object) set of a composite object is proposed firstly as the foundation, and then as the idea; the pseudo code implementation of algorithms of the algebraic operations on the storage layer are proposed. Logic proof and example proof indicate that the definition and the algorithms of the algebraic operations are correct.
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Wu, Yu-Pu, and Julie C. Lauffenburger. "Effectiveness of corticosteroids in patients with sepsis or septic shock using the new third international consensus definitions (Sepsis-3): A retrospective observational study." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): e0243149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243149.
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Background The effects of intravenous corticosteroids in patients with sepsis remain controversial due to mixed results from randomized trials. Moreover, updated definitions of sepsis, Sepsis-3, were proposed in 2016, and findings related to the effects of corticosteroids in patients defined by the Sepsis-3 criteria are scarce. Objective To investigate the effectiveness of corticosteroids in patients with sepsis or septic shock using real-world data to complement the findings of randomized controlled trials, and to determine whether the treatment effects differ by sepsis definitions. Methods We conducted this study by utilizing a large, multi-center healthcare database, eICU, in which we identified patients with sepsis admitted to 208 intensive care units across the US from 2014 to 2015 based on two different definitions: prior explicit definitions (i.e., based on diagnosis codes) and the Sepsis-3 definitions (i.e., based on SOFA score). The association between intravenous corticosteroids and in-hospital survival up to 50 days in patients with sepsis was retrospectively analyzed. A parametric hazard model with stabilized inverse probability of treatment weight adjustment was used to control for baseline confounders. Results Of the 7,158 patients identified based on the explicit definition, 562 (7.9%) received corticosteroids; of the 5,009 patients identified based on the Sepsis-3 definition, 465 (9.3%) received corticosteroids. In the explicit cohort, adjusted in-hospital survival at day 50 was 0.62 in the treated vs 0.57 in the non-treated, with a survival difference of 0.05 (95%CI: -0.11, 0.17). Similar results were seen in the Sepsis-3 cohort (0.58 vs 0.56 in treated and non-treated, respectively), with a 50-day survival difference of 0.02 (95%CI: -0.19, 0.17). Conclusions In patients with sepsis or septic shock, intravenous corticosteroids were not associated with a higher in-hospital survival up to 50 days regardless of the sepsis definitions. Further research may be necessary to definitively confirm effectiveness in real-world practice.
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Rosen, M. A. "Appropriate Thermodynamic Performance Measures for Closed Systems for Thermal Energy Storage." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 114, no. 2 (May 1, 1992): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929986.
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Several definitions of energy and exergy efficiency for closed systems for thermal energy storage (TES) are developed and discussed. A simple model is utilized in which heat quantities are transferred at specified temperatures to and from a TES. Efficiency definitions are considered for the overall storage process and for the three component periods which comprise a complete storage process (charging, storing, and discharging). It is found that (1) appropriate forms for both energy and exergy efficiency definitions depend on which quantities are considered to be products and inputs; (2) different efficiency definitions are appropriate in different applications; (3) comparisons of different TES systems can only yield logical results it they are based on a common definition, regardless of whether energy or exergy quantities are considered; and (4) exergy efficiencies are generally more meaningful and illuminating than energy efficiencies for evaluating and comparing TES systems. A realistic, but simplified, illustrative example is presented. The efficiency definitions should prove useful in the development of valid and generally accepted standards for the evaluation and comparison of different TES systems.
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Ball, R., and T. Botsis. "Automating case definitions using literature-based reasoning." Applied Clinical Informatics 04, no. 04 (2013): 515–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/aci-2013-04-ra-0028.
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SummaryBackground: Establishing a Case Definition (CDef) is a first step in many epidemiological, clinical, surveillance, and research activities. The application of CDefs still relies on manual steps and this is a major source of inefficiency in surveillance and research.Objective: Describe the need and propose an approach for automating the useful representation of CDefs for medical conditions.Methods: We translated the existing Brighton Collaboration CDef for anaphylaxis by mostly relying on the identification of synonyms for the criteria of the CDef using the NLM MetaMap tool. We also generated a CDef for the same condition using all the related PubMed abstracts, processing them with a text mining tool, and further treating the synonyms with the above strategy. The co-occur-rence of the anaphylaxis and any other medical term within the same sentence of the abstracts supported the construction of a large semantic network. The ‘islands’ algorithm reduced the network and revealed its densest region including the nodes that were used to represent the key criteria of the CDef. We evaluated the ability of the “translated” and the “generated” CDef to classify a set of 6034 H1N1 reports for anaphylaxis using two similarity approaches and comparing them with our previous semi-automated classification approach.Results: Overall classification performance across approaches to producing CDefs was similar, with the generated CDef and vector space model with cosine similarity having the highest accuracy (0.825±0.003) and the semi-automated approach and vector space model with cosine similarity having the highest recall (0.809±0.042). Precision was low for all approaches.Conclusion: The useful representation of CDefs is a complicated task but potentially offers substantial gains in efficiency to support safety and clinical surveillance.Citation: Botsis T, Ball R. Automating case definitions using literature-based reasoning. Appl Clin Inf 2013; 4: 515–527http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2013-04-RA-0028
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Verheul, Marlous LMI, and Michel LA Dückers. "Defining and Operationalizing Disaster Preparedness in Hospitals: A Systematic Literature Review." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 35, no. 1 (December 12, 2019): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19005181.
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AbstractIntroduction:Societies invest substantial amounts of resources on disaster preparedness of hospitals. However, the concept is not clearly defined nor operationalized in the international literature.Aim:This review aims to systematically assess definitions and operationalizations of disaster preparedness in hospitals, and to develop an all-encompassing model, incorporating different perspectives on the subject.Methods:A systematic search was conducted in five databases: Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Disaster Information Management Research Centre, and SafetyLit. Peer-reviewed articles containing definitions and operationalizations of disaster preparedness in hospitals were included. Articles published in languages other than English, or without available full-text, were excluded, as were articles on prehospital care. The findings from literature were used to build a model for hospital disaster preparedness.Results:In the included publications, 13 unique definitions of disaster preparedness in hospitals and 22 different operationalizations of the concept were found. Although the definitions differed in emphasis and width, they also reflected similar elements. Based on an analysis of the operationalizations, nine different components could be identified that generally were not studied in relation to each other. Moreover, publications primarily focused on structure and process aspects of disaster preparedness. The aim of preparedness was described in seven articles.Discussion/Conclusion:This review points at an absence of consensus on the definition and operationalization of disaster preparedness in hospitals. By combining elements of definitions and components operationalized, disaster preparedness could be conceptualized in a more comprehensive and complete way than before. The model presented can guide future disaster preparedness activities and research.
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Kroeker, Kristine, Jessica Widdifield, Saman Muthukumarana, Depeng Jiang, and Lisa M. Lix. "Model-based methods for case definitions from administrative health data: application to rheumatoid arthritis." BMJ Open 7, no. 6 (June 2017): e016173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016173.
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Kharchenko, Vyacheslav, Herman Fesenko, and Oleg Illiashenko. "Quality Models for Artificial Intelligence Systems: Characteristic-Based Approach, Development and Application." Sensors 22, no. 13 (June 27, 2022): 4865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22134865.
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The factors complicating the specification of requirements for artificial intelligence systems (AIS) and their verification for the AIS creation and modernization are analyzed. The harmonization of definitions and building of a hierarchy of AIS characteristics for regulation of the development of techniques and tools for standardization, as well as evaluation and provision of requirements during the creation and implementation of AIS, is extremely important. The study aims to develop and demonstrate the use of quality models for artificial intelligence (AI), AI platform (AIP), and AIS based on the definition and ordering of characteristics. The principles of AI quality model development and its sequence are substantiated. Approaches to formulating definitions of AIS characteristics, methods of representation of dependencies, and hierarchies of characteristics are given. The definitions and harmonization options of hierarchical relations between 46 characteristics of AI and AIP are suggested. The quality models of AI, AIP, and AIS presented in analytical, tabular, and graph forms, are described. The so-called basic models with reduced sets of the most important characteristics are presented. Examples of AIS quality models for UAV video navigation systems and decision support systems for diagnosing diseases are described.
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McGrath-Spangler, E. L., A. Molod, L. E. Ott, and S. Pawson. "Impact of planetary boundary layer turbulence on model climate and tracer transport." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 23 (December 16, 2014): 31627–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-31627-2014.
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Abstract. Planetary boundary layer (PBL) processes are important for weather, climate, and tracer transport and concentration. One measure of the strength of these processes is the PBL depth. However, no single PBL depth definition exists and several studies have found that the estimated depth can vary substantially based on the definition used. In the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS-5) atmospheric general circulation model, the PBL depth is particularly important because it is used to calculate the turbulent length scale that is used in the estimation of turbulent mixing. This study analyzes the impact of using three different PBL depth definitions in this calculation. Two definitions are based on the scalar eddy diffusion coefficient and the third is based on the bulk Richardson number. Over land, the bulk Richardson number definition estimates shallower nocturnal PBLs than the other estimates while over water this definition generally produces deeper PBLs. The near surface wind velocity, temperature, and specific humidity responses to the change in turbulence are spatially and temporally heterogeneous, resulting in changes to tracer transport and concentrations. Near surface wind speed increases in the bulk Richardson number experiment cause Saharan dust increases on the order of 1 × 10−4 kg m−2 downwind over the Atlantic Ocean. Carbon monoxide (CO) surface concentrations are modified over Africa during boreal summer, producing differences on the order of 20 ppb, due to the model's treatment of emissions from biomass burning. While differences in carbon dioxide (CO2) are small in the time mean, instantaneous differences are on the order of 10 ppm and these are especially prevalent at high latitude during boreal winter. Understanding the sensitivity of trace gas and aerosol concentration estimates to PBL depth is important for studies seeking to calculate surface fluxes based on near-surface concentrations and to studies projecting future concentrations.
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McGrath-Spangler, E. L., A. Molod, L. E. Ott, and S. Pawson. "Impact of planetary boundary layer turbulence on model climate and tracer transport." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 13 (July 3, 2015): 7269–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7269-2015.
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Abstract. Planetary boundary layer (PBL) processes are important for weather, climate, and tracer transport and concentration. One measure of the strength of these processes is the PBL depth. However, no single PBL depth definition exists and several studies have found that the estimated depth can vary substantially based on the definition used. In the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS-5) atmospheric general circulation model, the PBL depth is particularly important because it is used to calculate the turbulent length scale that is used in the estimation of turbulent mixing. This study analyzes the impact of using three different PBL depth definitions in this calculation. Two definitions are based on the scalar eddy diffusion coefficient and the third is based on the bulk Richardson number. Over land, the bulk Richardson number definition estimates shallower nocturnal PBLs than the other estimates while over water this definition generally produces deeper PBLs. The near-surface wind velocity, temperature, and specific humidity responses to the change in turbulence are spatially and temporally heterogeneous, resulting in changes to tracer transport and concentrations. Near-surface wind speed increases in the bulk Richardson number experiment cause Saharan dust increases on the order of 1 × 10−4 kg m−2 downwind over the Atlantic Ocean. Carbon monoxide (CO) surface concentrations are modified over Africa during boreal summer, producing differences on the order of 20 ppb, due to the model's treatment of emissions from biomass burning. While differences in carbon dioxide (CO2) are small in the time mean, instantaneous differences are on the order of 10 ppm and these are especially prevalent at high latitude during boreal winter. Understanding the sensitivity of trace gas and aerosol concentration estimates to PBL depth is important for studies seeking to calculate surface fluxes based on near-surface concentrations and for studies projecting future concentrations.
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Kozerska, Agnieszka. "The Concept of Successful Ageing from the Perspectives of Older Adults: An Empirical Typology." Kultura i Edukacja 136, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 215–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/kie.2022.02.13.
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Purpose: This paper attempts to examine the concept of successful ageing (SA) from the perspectives of older adults. Methods: Data were gathered from 224 persons. The research used a categorized interview and a test as methods of data collection. In order to select the types of subjective definitions of SA, the method of cluster analysis was applied. Results: 5 types of definitions were distinguished: 1) Around 40% of older adults consider the biomedical model to be in line with their idea of good old age, but they also add new components that they consider more important. These are: Living in an environment of loving persons (Type 1 definitions), and Religiousness, Generativity, Relationships with others based on love (Type 4). 2) About 40% of the respondents’ present one-dimensional definitions, with one of the following factors: Family (Type 2), and Religiousness (Type 3). 3) Lack of a precise definition is more often demonstrated in people with low life satisfaction who have been experiencing difficult life situations in recent times. Conclusions: Understanding of SA depends on life satisfaction and the context related to the life situation. Three key words are essential for the definitions: family, activity, religion.
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Liu, Fang Cheng, Jun Yang, and Wei Zhang. "Definition of Strain Amplitude for Cyclic Model to Simulate Actual Damping of Soils under Irregular Loadings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 2163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.2163.
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The determination of damping constitutes an essential part of the cyclic characterization of soils. While because of the damping of soils is nonlinear, ie., strain-dependent, the definition of shear strain amplitude under irregular loading process construct the key point of the damping based cyclic models. This paper introduces a new damping-based model (DBM) for nonlinear soil behavior simulation and discusses on the effect of shear strain amplitude definition on model behavior. Both qualitative and quantitative analysis re-sults show that the reversed hysteresis loading curve is significantly influenced by the pre-supposed loading amplitude and generally large pre-proposed shear strain amplitude will lead to low reversed loading trajectory. Analytical comparison among several definitions indicates that defining the maximum reversal point of history as the loading amplitude performs the best.
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He, Fei, Yuan Ning Liu, Jing Liu, and Ying Chen. "Workflow Model Design Based on N-Tree for Process Management in PDM." Advanced Materials Research 268-270 (July 2011): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.268-270.76.
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In this paper, a workflow model based on N-tree for process management in PDM system is presented. It streamlines circuits in process management to sequence, branch, parallel, and loop patterns. It also offers this workflow model’s mechanisms of construction, executing, and state transition by definitions of workflow’s node properties, node constraints and state set. Last it exhibits an instance of applying this workflow model to process management of a simple PDM system.
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Stephen, Shirly, and Torsten Hahmann. "Identifying Bottlenecks in Practical SAT-Based Model Finding for First-Order Logic Ontologies with Datasets." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 10039–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.330110039.
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Satisfiability of first-order logic (FOL) ontologies is typically verified by translation to propositional satisfiability (SAT) problems, which is then tackled by a SAT solver. Unfortunately, SAT solvers often experience scalability issues when reasoning with FOL ontologies and even moderately sized datasets. While SAT solvers have been found to capably handle complex axiomatizations, finding models of datasets gets considerably more complex and time-intensive as the number of clause exponentially increases with increase in individuals and axiomatic complexity. We identify FOL definitions as a specific bottleneck and demonstrate via experiments that the presence of many defined terms of the highest arity significantly slows down model finding. We also show that removing optional definitions and substituting these terms by their definiens leads to a reduction in the number of clauses, which makes SAT-based model finding practical for over 100 individuals in a FOL theory.
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Johansson, Kaj. "The Product Model as a Central Information Source in a Shipbuilding Environment." Journal of Ship Production 12, no. 02 (May 1, 1996): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1996.12.2.99.
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In a shipbuilding CAD/CAM system a product model is successively built up during the design process, with geometric as well as nongeometric information. In parallel with the design process, the model is further extended with work preparation (in some countries called production engineering) information, e.g., definition of building strategy and definition of the assembly structure. Information needed for part fabrication can be derived from the model, such as drawings, parts lists and information for numerically controlled (NC) equipment. When work preparation definitions are combined with a product model, the information needed for assembly parts lists, assembly drawings, etc. can be derived from the product model instead of being created manually. Use of the product model concept, systems based upon it and procedures implementing it in an organization will allow a reduction of costs and an increase in productivity and competitiveness
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Rittman, Martyn, Emma Gilroy, Hashem Koohy, Alison Rodger, and Adair Richards. "Is DNA a worm-like chain in Couette flow?: In search of persistence length, a critical review." Science Progress 92, no. 2 (July 2009): 163–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/003685009x462205.
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Persistence length is the foremost measure of DNA flexibility. Its origins lie in polymer theory which was adapted for DNA following the determination of B-DNA structure in 1953. There is no single definition of persistence length used, and the links between published definitions are based on assumptions which may, or may not be, clearly stated. DNA flexibility is affected by local ionic strength, solvent environment, bound ligands and intrinsic sequence-dependent flexibility. This article is a review of persistence length providing a mathematical treatment of the relationships between four definitions of persistence length, including: correlation, Kuhn length, bending, and curvature. Persistence length has been measured using various microscopy, force extension and solution methods such as linear dichroism and transient electric birefringence. For each experimental method a model of DNA is required to interpret the data. The importance of understanding the underlying models, along with the assumptions required by each definition to determine a value of persistence length, is highlighted for linear dichroism data, where it transpires that no model is currently available for long DNA or medium to high shear rate experiments.
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Faye, Mbaye, Abdoulaye Dème, Abdou Kâ Diongue, and Ibrahima Diouf. "Impact of different heat wave definitions on daily mortality in Bandafassi, Senegal." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 5, 2021): e0249199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249199.
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Objective The aim of this study is to find the most suitable heat wave definition among 15 different ones and to evaluate its impact on total, age-, and gender-specific mortality for Bandafassi, Senegal. Methods Daily weather station data were obtained from Kedougou situated at 17 km from Bandafassi from 1973 to 2012. Poisson generalized additive model (GAM) and distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) are used to investigate the effect of heat wave on mortality and to evaluate the nonlinear association of heat wave definitions at different lag days, respectively. Results Heat wave definitions, based on three or more consecutive days with both daily minimum and maximum temperatures greater than the 90th percentile, provided the best model fit. A statistically significant increase in the relative risk (RRs 1.4 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.2–1.6), 1.7 (95% CI: 1.5–1.9), 1.21 (95% CI: 1.08–1.3), 1.2 (95% CI: 1.04–1.5), 1.5 (95% CI: 1.3–1.8), 1.4 (95% CI: 1.2–1.5), 1.5 (95% CI: 1.07–1.6), and 1.5 (95% CI: 1.3–1.8)) of total mortality was observed for eight definitions. By using the definition based on the 90th percentile of minimum and maximum temperature with a 3-day duration, we also found that females and people aged ≥ 55 years old were at higher risks than males and other different age groups to heat wave related mortality. Conclusion The impact of heat waves was associated with total-, age-, gender-mortality. These results are expected to be useful for decision makers who conceive of public health policies in Senegal and elsewhere. Climate parameters, including temperatures and humidity, could be used to forecast heat wave risks as an early warning system in the area where we conduct this research. More broadly, our findings should be highly beneficial to climate services, researchers, clinicians, end-users and decision-makers.
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Yang, Guo Liang, Jin Hui Zhang, and Hui Sun. "Design of Emotional Interaction System Based on Affective Computing Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 198-199 (September 2012): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.198-199.367.
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An emotional interaction system is designed by using the theories about affective computing in this paper, which includes the emotional information capturing, machine emotional model and emotional expression. This paper focuses on the problem of building machine emotional model, not only gives the basic definitions of personality space, mood space, and emotion space, but also establishes the quantitative relationship of personality mood and emotion. At last, this paper builds a machine affective model which can reflect the transformation law of the mood, emotion and personality. Related simulation results show that the model can effectively simulates the change law of human emotion. Finally, this paper designs the software interface of the emotional interaction system.
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Liu, Yong-Jun, and Wei-Guo Zhang. "Multiperiod Fuzzy Portfolio Selection Optimization Model Based on Possibility Theory." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 17, no. 03 (May 2018): 941–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622018500190.
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Using the central value operator and the semi-dispersion measure of fuzzy number, this paper proposes the definitions of the lower and upper semi-variances. A general multiperiod fuzzy portfolio optimization model with return demand on the portfolio at each period is proposed with the objectives of maximizing both terminal wealth and the cumulative diversification degree of portfolios over the whole investment horizon, and minimizing terminal risk. A fuzzy multiobjective nonlinear programming technique is applied to convert the proposed model into a single-objective model. A genetic algorithm (GA) is given to solve it. Besides, a numerical example is given to illustrate the application of the proposed model and the effectiveness of the designed algorithm.
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H. V., Asha, Shantharam Nayak, and Annamma Abraham. "Formalization of SOA concepts with mathematical foundation." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 4 (August 1, 2020): 3883. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i4.pp3883-3888.
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With the development of the IT industry, agility and dynamicity are the two expected characteristics from any business enterprise. Service oriented architecture (SOA) is emerging as a promising approach aiming to address the current trends/needs of enterprise business applications. The current work aims at giving an overview of the conceptual model of SOA based on set theory approach. Also, it posits mathematical definitions for service, logical service, environment service and application definition with the help of general systems theory and mathematical foundation. With the help of mathematical model, the definition and functionality of services enhances SOA principles which can be used efficiently in integrating heterogeneous components.
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Massad, Daniela de Oliveira, Marilena Marangoni de Lorenzi Cancelier, Inara Antunes Vieira Willerding, Waldoir Valentim Gomes Junior, and Édis Mafra Lapolli. "Flexible Work Model Based on Autopoiesis Principles." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 6, no. 3 (March 31, 2018): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol6.iss3.990.
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This article presents definitions on flexible work and presents the case study of a company in which its model is based on the principles of autopoiesis, having as main characteristics flexibility and autonomy in the accomplishment of work. Firstly, through bibliographical research, it is possible to observe that the evolution of new work formats challenges the conventional model of fixed physical offices and defined schedules, which are models adopted in the organization of work in the industrial society. Autopoiesis is also presented, which, although it is still in a process of theoretical evolution and application in other areas, brings the original contributions of biology to justify the possibility of implanting models that consider the autonomy of individuals in self-management and self-production, allowing the work in a flexible and autonomous manner, consistent with the demands of a knowledge-based society. Lastly, the case study presents a model that uses the principles of autopoiesis to form an organization that has flexibility as the main characteristic in the accomplishment of work, based on individual autonomy. The contributions of this study point to the need for the labor market to accept new models and formats that intend to meet the demands of individuals regarding the organization of work.