Books on the topic 'Model-based definitions'
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1
Ha, Yonghoon. Java-based implementation of Monterey-Miami Parabolic Equation (MMPE) model with enhanced visualization and improved method of environmental definition. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 2000.
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2
Simion, Samuela. Marco Polo, Il Devisement dou monde nella redazione veneziana V (cod. Hamilton 424 della Staatsbibliothek di Berlino). Venice: Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-321-2.
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The volume contains the commented edition of the Devisement dou monde based on the Berlin Staatsbibliothek - Preußischer Kulturbesitz Codex, Hamilton 424. The Hamilton 424 Codex, transcribed in Venice in the second half of the fifteenth century, contains the translation of a Latin model (whose features can be partially reconstructed virtually starting from some translation errors) and is the only known witness of V. Due to its characteristics, V represents a crucial point in the definition of the transmission dynamics of Polo’s book: its readings are confirmed, often in a broader form, by the Latin version known as Z. V strengthens the hypothesis that, after returning to Venice, Marco Polo modified the text written with Rustichello da Pisa in Genoa. Actually, version V represents the first step of this long process of rewriting, which probably occurred in several phases. This volume includes an introduction, the text edition, a textual commentary, as well as an index. A second and forthcoming volume will contain the linguistic analysis and glossary.
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Fischer, Bryan, and Roy D. Whittenburg. 3D Model-Based Definition and Model-Based Enterprise: Optimizing Business for 3D and 3D Datasets. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
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Fischer, Bryan, and Roy D. Whittenburg. 3D Model-Based Definition and Model-Based Enterprise: Optimizing Business for 3D and 3D Datasets. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
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5
Creo Parametric 4.0: Working with 3D Annotations and Model Based Definition. ASCENT, Center for Technical Knowledge, 2018.
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6
International, IPC. IPC/DAC-2552 General Electronic Components Model-Based Definition (MBD) Standard. IPC International, 2022.
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Baker, D. J. The Model-Based Definition Handbook: A Four-Step Path to MBD Success. David J Baker, 2020.
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ASCENT - Center for Technical Knowledge. Autodesk Inventor 2022 : Working with 3D Annotations & Model-Based Definition: Autodesk Authorized Publisher. ASCENT, Center for Technical Knowledge, 2021.
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Ascent - Center for Technical Knowledge. Autodesk Inventor 2019 : Working with 3D Annotations and Model-Based Definition: Autodesk Authorized Publisher. ASCENT, Center for Technical Knowledge, 2018.
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Specific hardening function definition and characterization of a multimechanism generalized potential-based viscoelastoplasticity model. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 2003.
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Bertola, Marco. Chain of matrices, loop equations, and topological recursion. Edited by Gernot Akemann, Jinho Baik, and Philippe Di Francesco. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744191.013.16.
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This article considers the so-called loop equations satisfied by integrals over random matrices coupled in a chain as well as their recursive solution in the perturbative case when the matrices are Hermitian. Random matrices are used in fields such as the study of multi-orthogonal polynomials or the enumeration of discrete surfaces, both of which are based on the analysis of a matrix integral. However, this term can be confusing since the definition of a matrix integral in these two applications is not the same. The article discusses these two definitions, perturbative and non-perturbative, along with their relationship. It first provides an overview of a matrix integral before comparing convergent and formal matrix integrals. It then describes the loop equations and their solution in the one-matrix model. It also examines matrices coupled in a chain plus external field and concludes with a generalization of the topological recursion.
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JAVA-Based Implementation of Monterey-Miami Parabolic Equation (MMPE) model with Enhanced Visualization and Improved Method of Environmental Definition. Storming Media, 2000.
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13
Sawada, Tadamasa, Yunfeng Li, and Zygmunt Pizlo. Shape Perception. Edited by Jerome R. Busemeyer, Zheng Wang, James T. Townsend, and Ami Eidels. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199957996.013.12.
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This chapter provides a review of topics and concepts that are necessary to study and understand 3D shape perception. This includes group theory and their invariants; model-based invariants; Euclidean, affine, and projective geometry; symmetry; inverse problems; simplicity principle; Fechnerian psychophysics; regularization theory; Bayesian inference; shape constancy and shape veridicality; shape recovery; perspective and orthographic projections; camera models; as well as definitions of shape. All concepts are defined and illustrated, and the reader is provided with references providing mathematical and computational details. Material presented here will be a good starting point for students and researchers who plan to study shape, as well as for those who simply want to get prepared for reading the contemporary literature on the subject.
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Bașoğlu, Metin. A Theory- and Evidence-Based Approach to the Definition of Torture. Edited by Metin Başoğlu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199374625.003.0001.
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Any attempt to define torture requires a sound theory-based understanding of the psychological mechanisms by which it induces “severe mental pain or suffering.” Among the different theories advanced for this purpose, learning theory of trauma is the one that has been most extensively tested and empirically validated. Substantial research with both animals and humans has shown that the unpredictability and uncontrollability of stressor events lead to helplessness and hopelessness responses, including anxiety and depression. This chapter presents a learning theory model of trauma, provides a definition of “pain or suffering,” demonstrates a contextual/cumulative approach to captivity stressors, and describes a methodology for assessment of captivity-induced pain or suffering. It also proposes a learning theory formulation of torture as “helplessness under the control of others” and reviews its implications for the distinction between torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment and emerging trends in international law in interpretation of torture.
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Di Paolo, Ezequiel A., Thomas Buhrmann, and Xabier E. Barandiaran. Structures of sensorimotor engagement. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198786849.003.0003.
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The idea of lawful relations between sensory and motor patterns, or sensorimotor contingencies (SMCs), lies at the heart of sensorimotor approaches to perception. Yet despite the concept’s importance, surprisingly few attempts have been made to define it formally. On closer inspection, the notion admits different interpretations. In this chapter, a dynamical formalization of agent–environment interaction serves as the starting point to identify four kinds of SMCs, which are defined in operational terms. These are the notions of sensorimotor environment (open-loop motor-induced sensory variations), sensorimotor habitat (closed-loop sensorimotor trajectories), sensorimotor coordination (reliable sensorimotor patterns playing a functional role), and sensorimotor scheme (normative organization of sensorimotor coordination events). The definitions are put to the test in a simple simulated object-discrimination task and their effect on the conceptual development and empirical, as well as model-based testing of the claims of the sensorimotor approach is discussed.
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Escudier, Marcel. Units of measurement, dimensions, and dimensional analysis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198719878.003.0003.
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In this chapter the crucial role of units and dimensions in the analysis of any problem involving physical quantities is explained. The International System of Units (SI) is introduced. The major advantage of collecting the physical quantities, which are included in either a theoretical analysis or an experiment, into non-dimensional groups is shown to be a reduction in the number of quantities which need to be considered separately. This process, known as dimensional analysis, is based upon the principle of dimensional homogeneity. Buckingham’s Π theorem is introduced as a method for determining the number of non-dimensional groups (the Π’s) corresponding with a set of dimensional quantities and their dimensions. A systematic and simple procedure for identifying these groups is the sequential elimination of dimensions. The scale-up from a model to a geometrically similar full-size version is shown to require dynamic similarity. The definitions and names of the non-dimensional groups most frequently encountered in fluid mechanics have been introduced and their physical significance explained.
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Gant, Larry M. Community Development and Place-Based Neighborhood Change. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190463311.003.0003.
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Abstract: This chapter describes the model of community development used by the University of Michigan School of Social Work’s Technical Assistance Center (UMSSW/TAC). The chapter presents a definition and description of community development as a distinct model of community practice. The chapter discusses the goals of community development, core values and principles of community development. The chapter summarizes the role of place based initiatives in community development. The limits and challenges of discerning the evidence base of the effectiveness of community development are reviewed, and an emerging perspective of possibilities of evidence based community development is outlined. The chapter ends with thoughtful considerations about the tactical use of community development within municipal communities during Detroit’s more recent times of turbulent economic, financial and political change.
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Wright, Douglas Michael, and Andrew Burrows. Entrepreneurship and Management Buy-outs. Edited by Anuradha Basu, Mark Casson, Nigel Wadeson, and Bernard Yeung. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199546992.003.0018.
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This article takes a broader perspective that encompasses both traditional agency-based explanations of buy-outs as well as recognizing the buy-out phenomenon as a vehicle for entrepreneurial innovation. Although early studies suggested that buy-outs involved both agency cost reduction and entrepreneurial aspects, they did not formally conceptualize these two approaches. The agency theory approach conceptualizes buy-outs as a tool that facilitates cost efficiencies. The entrepreneurial perspective sees buy-outs as a means for implementing new innovations and strategic change that enable fuller exploitation of firm resources that may have been blocked by prior ownership arrangements, such as being part of a large diversified firm or a privately-owned firm with leadership succession problems. The article first elaborates the definitions and sources of buy-outs. Secondly, it reviews theoretical perspectives relating to buy-outs, notably the agency approach and an entrepreneurial perspective which draws on the theory of entrepreneurial cognition. The third main section reviews a model to explain different types of buy-out drawing on these two perspectives. The fourth section reviews studies of the effects of buy-outs, identifying evidence consistent with agency and entrepreneurial views of buy-outs. The final section provides discussion and conclusions.
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Huret, Romain. The Not-So-Infernal Revenue Service? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796817.003.0008.
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This chapter describes the central issue of tax collection and the reasons why people still comply with the federal tax system in the United States. The current coercive model implies that fear and enforcement officers are the main vehicles of tax compliance in a country so attached to the idea of freedom against tyranny. However, rather than a coercive model of compliance, the chapter proposes a common ground model based upon three elements that explain why Americans have accepted and, generally speaking, still accept the expansion of fiscal power: (1) social legitimacy of the state and its actors; (2) a reach-out consensus on the definition and measurement of incomes and wealth; and (3) the ability of taxpayers and tax collectors to find room for negotiation. A historical outlook on different tax regimes demonstrates how institutional and social actors have searched continuously for common ground since the Early Republic.
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Widiger, Thomas A., and Whitney L. Gore. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM). Edited by C. Steven Richards and Michael W. O'Hara. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199797004.013.016.
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This chapter provides a discussion of the American Psychiatric Association’s classification of mental disorders (DSM-I through DSM-5), with a particular emphasis on mood disorders and their classification and diagnosis. It begins with the rationale for having an official, authoritative diagnostic manual and then traces the history of the development of the first edition through the fourth edition (DSM-IV-TR, 2000). The authors then discuss fundamental issues concerning the fifth edition (DSM-5, 2013), including the definition of mental disorder, the empirical support for proposed revisions, the shift toward a dimensional model of classification, and the shift toward a neurobiologically-based classification.
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Enns, Charlotte. Making the Case for Case Studies in Deaf Education Research. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190455651.003.0010.
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When done well, case studies can provide rigorous and powerful evidence. This chapter provides a definition of case studies and outlines the process of conducting case study research in five stages: (1) determining the research questions, (2) designing the study (case selection and preparation), (3) collecting the data, (4) analyzing the data, and (5) reporting on the findings. In addition, the ways that case studies are uniquely suited to addressing particular questions in the field of deaf education are addressed. The contributions and benefits of conducting case studies to promote strength-based perspectives rather than deficit-model views of deaf students are highlighted throughout the chapter.
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Conoley, Collie W., and Michael J. Scheel. Goal Focused Positive Psychotherapy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190681722.001.0001.
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Goal Focused Positive Psychotherapy presents the first comprehensive positive psychology psychotherapy model that optimizes well-being and thereby diminishes psychological distress. The theory of change is the Broaden-and-Build Theory of positive emotions. The therapeutic process promotes client strengths, hope, positive emotions, and goals. The book provides the foundational premises, empirical support, theory, therapeutic techniques and interventions, a training model, case examples, and future directions. A three-year study is presented that reveals that Goal Focused Positive Psychotherapy (GFPP) was as effective as cognitive-behavioral therapy and short-term psychodynamic therapies, which fits the meta-analyses of therapy outcome studies that no bona fide psychotherapy achieves superior outcome. However, GFPP was significantly more attractive to the clients. Descriptions are provided of the Broaden-and-Build Theory, therapy goals based upon clients’ values and personal meaning (i.e., approach goals and intrinsic goals), identification and use of clients’ personal strengths (including client culture), centrality of hope and hope theory, the implicit theory of personal change or the growth mindset, and finally Self-Determination Theory. The techniques and interventions of GFPP as well as the importance of the therapist’s intentions during therapy are presented. GFPP focuses upon the client and relationship while not viewing psychotherapy as a set of potent scripted treatments that acts upon the client. Goal Focused Positive Supervision is presented as a new model that supports the supervisee’s strength-based self-definition rather than a pathological one or deficit orientation. Training that includes the experiential learning of GFPP principles is underscored.
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Kelly, Phil. Defending Classical Geopolitics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.279.
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Three successive parts are presented within this article, all intended to raise the visibility and show the utility of classical geopolitics as a deserving and separate international-relations model: (a) a common traditional definition, (b) relevant theories that correspond to that definition, and (c) applications of certain theories that will delve at some depth into three case studies (the Ukrainian shatterbelt, contemporary Turkish geopolitics, and a North American heartland).The placement of states, regions, and resources, as affecting international relations and foreign policies, defines classical geopolitics. This definition emphasizes the application of spatially composed unbiased theories that should bring insight into foreign-affairs events and policies. Specifically, a “model” contains theories that correspond to its description. A “theory” is a simple sentence of probability, with “A” happening to likely affect “B.” Importantly, models are passive; they merely hold theories. In contrast, theories possess their own titles and perform actively when taken from such models.Various methodological challenges are presented: (a) combining concepts with theories, (b) estimating probability for testing theories, (c) claiming the “scientific,” (d) accounting for determinism, (e) revealing a dynamic environment for geopolitics, (f) separating realism from geopolitics, and (g) drawing classical geopolitics away from the critical. Certain theories that are placed within the geopolitical model are examined next: (a) heartlands and rimlands, (b) land and sea power, (c) choke points and maritime lines of communication, (d) offshore balancing, (e) the Monroe doctrine, (f) balances of power, (g) checkerboards, (h) shatterbelts, (i) pan-regions, (j) influence spheres, (k) dependency, (l) buffer states, (m) organic borders, (n) imperial thesis, (o) borders/wars, (p) contagion, (q) irredentism, (r) demography, (s) fluvial laws, (t) petro-politics, and (u) catastrophic events in nature. Additional theories apply elsewhere in the article as well.Of the three case studies, the Ukrainian shatterbelt represents the sole contemporary geopolitical configuration of this type, a regional conflict coupling with a strategic rivalry. Here, partisans of the civil war between the eastern and the western sectors of the country have joined with the Russians against the Europeans and Americans, respectively. Next, Turkey’s pivotal location has afforded it both advantages and disadvantages, a topic discussed at some length earlier in the article. Its “zero-problems” strategy of seeking positive relations with neighbors has now been forced to change tactics, reflective of new forces within and beyond the country. Finally, a North American heartland compares nicely to Halford Mackinder’s earlier Eurasia heartland thesis, with the American perhaps proving more stable, wealthy, and enduring, based in large part on its stronger geopolitical features.
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Wells, Christopher J. “And I Make My Own”. Edited by Anthony Shay and Barbara Sellers-Young. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199754281.013.029.
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This chapter applies spatial practice theory to the intersections of power relations, social spaces, and embodied performance in the dance culture of Great Depression-era Harlem. Tracing the movement in black communities away from signifiers of ethnicity toward social-class-based hierarchies, it shows how ethnicized tropes have been used to exoticize and commodify black identity and to create the American black/white racial binary. This strategy has its roots in the marketing labels of the slave trade and the performative tropes of minstrel shows, and it continued in the floor shows of the Cotton Club and other “jungle alley” nightclubs in Harlem. The chapter charts the trajectory of the Savoy Ballroom’s drift from an upscale, dignified dance palace to an incubator for the lindy hop and Harlem’s other popular dance innovations. It argues that considering dance demands a model of ethnicity that creates more space for individual agency and processes of self-definition.
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Cheatle, Martin D., and Perry G. Fine. Facilitating Treatment Adherence in Pain Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190600075.003.0001.
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Almost daily, we seem to be witnessing astonishing innovations in diagnostic technologies and the development of novel therapeutics. In spite of these advancements and other time-tested interventions to mange the major diseases including intractable pain, patient nonadherence continues to undermine efforts to optimize individual and population health. The World Health Organization defines adherence as “The extent to which a person’s behavior taking medication, following a diet, and/or executing lifestyle changes, corresponds with agreed recommendations from a healthcare provider.” This definition implies that the patient-clinician relationship is based on a model of collaboration and patient-centeredness requiring time and resources which are scarce commodities in current practice. With these constraints in mind, acquiring skills to facilitate adherence to prescribed therapies and healthy lifestyle behaviors is critical to improving clinical outcomes.In this chapter we will review the evolution of the concept of adherence, the incidence of nonadherence, factors influencing adherence behavior and provider and nonprovider enhancement of adherence.
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Vine, Angus. Miscellaneous Order. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809708.001.0001.
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This book examines one of the most pervasive, but also perplexing, textual phenomena of the early modern world: the manuscript miscellany. Faced with serial problems of definition, categorization, and (often conflicting) terminology, modern scholars have tended to dismiss the miscellany as disorganized and chaotic. Miscellaneous Order radically challenges that view by uncovering the various forms of organization and order previously hidden in early modern manuscript books. Drawing on original literary and historical research, and examining both the materiality of early modern manuscripts and their contents, this book sheds new light on the transcriptive and archival practices of early modern Britain, as well as on the broader intellectual context of manuscript culture and its scholarly afterlives. Based on extensive archival research, and interdisciplinary in both subject and matter, it focuses on the myriad kinds of miscellaneous manuscript compiled and produced in the early modern era. Showing that the miscellany was essential to the organization of knowledge across a range of genres and disciplines, from poetry to science, and from recipe books to accounts, Miscellaneous Order proposes a new model for understanding the proliferation of manuscript material in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. By restoring attention to ‘miscellaneous order’ in this way, it shows that we have fundamentally misunderstood how many early modern men and women read, wrote, and thought. Rather than a textual form characterized by an absence of order, the miscellany, it argues, operated as an epistemically and aesthetically productive system throughout the early modern period.
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Magalhães, Rodrigo. Designing Organization Design. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867333.001.0001.
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As a topic, organization design is poorly understood. While it is featured in most management textbooks as a chapter dedicated to organizational structures, it is unclear whether organization design is a one-off event or an ongoing process. Thus, it has traditionally been understood to be the same as an organizational configuration, with neat lines of communication and distribution of responsibilities, following pre-set typologies. However, what can be said to constitute organizational structure in this first half of the 21st century? The extraordinary growth of digital communications, the decreasing relevance of hierarchical bureaucracies, and the general demise of command-and-control have all but decimated the traditional notion of organizational structure. In this book it is argued that organization design needs a theoretical revamping. Using a mix of design and social sciences theories and concepts, the new approach is divided into three parts: design logics, design processes, and design leadership. A generic definition of organization design logics is offered, as a set of beliefs shared by managers and entrepreneurs in given sectors of the economy about the way organizations should be designed. Five logics and three types of designing processes are put forward. Logics: (1) the identity logic, (2) the normative logic, (3) the service logic, (4) the logic of effectual reasoning, (5) the logic of interactive structure. Processes: (1) intended design, (2) emergent design, (3) perceived design. For the leadership part, a model of leaderful organization design(ing) is proposed, with the following distinguishing features: (a) practice-based, (b) guided by values of democratic participation, (c) places meaning-making and meaning-taking at the centre of organizational life, (d) driven by design logics, which can be adopted and adapted to suit different internal and external environments.
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Soares, Renata Araújo. O Estado de coisas inconstitucional e a calamidade do sistema penitenciário: Diretrizes constitucionais para uma política transversal de segurança pública. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-320-6.
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The present dissertation aims to establish, initially, a scientific correspondence between the State of Unconstitutional Things, previously recognized by the Supreme Federal Court on September 9th, 2015, in the judgment of the allegation of fundamental precept’s violation nº 347 and the continuous calamity in the penitentiary system of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, which was decreed in March 2015 and persists until 2018. From the link proposed here, the local factual elements which, together, characterize a scenario of serious systemic violations of human rights will be analyzed – through deductive and documentary way, with bibliographic support. Next, the urgent necessity to break the traditional model of regional public security and the consequent structuring of a public security priority policy with a transversal and articulated performance, based on the accomplishment of actions of intelligence and on the citizen emancipation will be demonstrated. Therefore, from the perspective of structural judicial activism, the State of Unconstitutional Things can be seen as an important decision-making technique used to stimulate the need for dialogical and intersectoral practices among various public agencies and civil society in solving issues related to collective demands of high complexity. The relevance of this constitutional study can be reinforced with the existence of Bill nº 736/2015, intended to set legal limits “on the state of unconstitutional things and significant commitment” and with the Law No. 13,675 of June 11th, 2018, which disciplined the National Public Security Policy (PNSPDS) and the Public Security System (Susp). In force since July 12th, 2018, the aforementioned Federal Law expresses “public security actions and transversal policies” as guidelines of the National Public Security Policy (article 5, IV). In this sense, faced with social contexts of extreme vulnerability, as perceived in all the state of Rio Grande do Norte since the public security crisis aggravation for more than three consecutive years, the definition of new constitutional guidelines and the promotion of integrated public policies within the regional prison system are urgent measures. Keywords: State of Unconstitutional Things. Prison System. Public Security. Human Rights. Public Politics.
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Adler, Paul S., and Terry A. Winograd, eds. Usability: Turning Technologies into Tools. Oxford University Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195075106.001.0001.
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As more and more equipment incorporates advanced technologies, usability -- the ability of equipment to take advantage of users' skills and thereby to function effectively in the broad range of real work situations -- is becoming an essential component of equipment design. Usability: Turning Technologies into Tools collects six essays that herald a fundamental shift in the way industry and researchers think about usability. In this new, broader definition, usability no longer means safeguarding against human error, but rather enabling human beings to learn, to use, and to adapt the equipment to satisfy better the demands and contingencies of their work. Following an introduction that develops some core concepts of usability, the subsequent chapters: -- describe the role of usability in guiding one of Xerox's largest strategic initiatives -- analyze a Monsanto chemical plant where a study of worker's conversational patterns contributed to the design of a more effective system of controls -- present an empirical study of equipment design practices in U.S. industry which contrasts technology-centered and skill-based design approaches -- summarize recent Scandinavian experiences with user participation in design, with specific reference to the DEMOS and UTOPIA projects -- analyze European experiences that suggest five key criteria for effective human-centered design of advanced manufacturing technology --offer an insightful discussion of the powerful, often hidden human and organizational resources that conventional design processes overlook. Today, three quarters of all advanced technology implementations in manufacturing fail to achieve their performance goals because of inadequate usability. By viewing the human being as a mechanistic system component, and not a particularly reliable one, the traditional "human factors" model of usability virtually ensures that the uniquely human qualities -- experience, adaptation, innovation -- will be neglected, and therefore that new technologies will realize little of their true potential. Usability: Turning Technologies into Tools answers the need for better usability criteria and more effective design and usability assurance processes. In so doing, it leads the way to making a new, broader concept of usability central to design. Its chapters will be of interest to managers and professionals in computer systems, manufacturing engineering, industrial design, and human factors, as well as researchers in disciplines such as computer science, engineering, design studies, sociology, organizational behavior and human resource management, industrial relations, education, and business strategy.