Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Modal meaning / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Modal meaning.

Journal articles on the topic 'Modal meaning'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Modal meaning.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Eades, Domenyk. "Translating English modal expressions." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 57, no. 3 (November 10, 2011): 283–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.57.3.03ead.

Full text

Abstract:

Modals are a source of difficulty in translation due to the subtle and complex nature of the meanings they convey, as well as the diversity of formal means by which modal meaning is coded from one language to another. The present study sheds light on difficulties associated with the translation of modal expressions by exploring errors in the translations of a group of native Arabic-speaking translator trainees, and identifies difficulties they experienced in transferring modal meaning from an English source text (ST) to an Arabic target text (TT). Shortcomings in the skills and training of the participants are discussed in the light of these findings, and suggestions are given as to how these may be remedied.<p>The results of the study show that while the students generally exhibit a sound knowledge of the dictionary meanings of the modal expressions in the ST, the precise sense of a given modal was often misconstrued and in many cases the modal meaning was missing entirely from the translations. These problems suggest that the participants tended to process the meanings of the ST at the word and sentence level while neglecting broader macro-level meanings conveyed in the text (e.g. cohesion, text type, relationship between author and audience).<p>The study reveals that in addition to the need for students to develop greater awareness of the nature of modality and its expression in both English and Arabic, greater emphasis is needed in the training of the students on the improvement of topdown text processing skills.<p>

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Davies, Eirian. "May, might and degrees of positivity in four English sentence types." English Text Construction 5, no. 2 (November 23, 2012): 230–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/etc.5.2.04dav.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper develops the framework of telling and knowledge operators earlier proposed for distinctions of mood and sentence types in the lexical verb (Davies 2006) to apply to non-inferential epistemic modal verbs. It consists of two parts: the first offers some background to the approach and sets out the formal model used; the second applies this model to two modal verbs. It considers the meanings of the modal verbs may (not) and might (not) as used in four different English sentence-types, with a view to assessing the different degrees of ‘loading’ towards a positive belief that they convey. Different kinds of meanings are suggested, one to do with degrees of a speaker’s commitment to what s/he is saying (‘presentational meaning’), and another to do with attitudes projected, by the speaker through the constructions s/he uses, onto the addressee(s) in a developing text (‘textual meaning’). In the case of the two modal verbs studied here, the textual meaning is said to be contrastive in relation to the speaker’s own ‘presentational meaning’.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Cappelle, Bert, and Ilse Depraetere. "Modal meaning in Construction Grammar." Constructions and Frames 8, no. 1 (September 26, 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cf.8.1.01cap.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Klinge, Alex. "The English modal auxiliaries: from lexical semantics to utterance interpretation." Journal of Linguistics 29, no. 2 (September 1993): 315–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700000359.

Full text

Abstract:

Like so many others before it, this exposition is of the meaning of the English modal auxiliaries, which are found in utterances conveying modal meanings such as ability, possibility and permission. However, unlike the majority of its predecessors, the present rendering admits to being about more than semantics. With the five central modal auxiliaries, can, may, must, will and shall, the modals for short, as a point of departure, a framework will be formulated to shed light on some central aspects of the immense cotext and context sensitivity involved in the meaning of utterances of sentences containing a modal auxiliary.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Devyatova, Nadezda M. "Introductory modal words and their pragmatic meanings." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, no. 1 (January 2021): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.1-21.014.

Full text

Abstract:

The article considers a group of introductory-modal words ‘вообще, вообще-то, в общем, в общем-то, вообще-то говоря’. Having the ability to express the idea of generalization, they are distinguished by their pragmatics, the subtle nuances of modus meanings and ratings. The differences relate to the speaker’s attitude to the situation and its assessment: whether the situation is presented as significant, requiring attention and effort (‘и вообще’), or as natural, ordinary (‘в общем’). In the number of units studied, the meaning “the way of expressing a thought and its design” is also significant, dealing with a greater or less categorical utterance of a statement. For ‘вообще-то говоря’ priority meaning is the meaning of “a way of expressing thoughts” — a polite form of expression of thought can be noted. The polite form is ‘вообще-то говоря’.'

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Hornacek Banasova, Monika. "Prepositional Word Combinations with modal meaning." XLinguae 11, no. 3 (2018): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18355/xl.2018.11.03.05.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Donghyeok Lee. "A Modal Meaning of –eoya hada." Journal of Korean Linguistics ll, no. 76 (December 2015): 95–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.15811/jkl.2015..76.004.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

COATES, JENNIFER. "Modal Meaning: The Semantic–Pragmatic Interface." Journal of Semantics 7, no. 1 (1990): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jos/7.1.53.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Rossari, Corinne. "The evidential meaning of modal parentheticals." Journal of Pragmatics 44, no. 15 (December 2012): 2183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2012.09.004.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Yanovich, Igor. "Invariantist ‘might’ and modal meaning change." Linguistics and Philosophy 36, no. 2 (April 2013): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10988-013-9133-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Schoonjans, Steven. "Modal particle meanings." Review of Cognitive Linguistics 17, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 303–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00037.sch.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract One of the challenges of modal particle research is the search for appropriate ways to describe the meanings these particles convey. As these meanings are subtle and situated at the abstract and non-propositional level of intersubjective meaning making, the function of the particles is notoriously hard to pin down. As a consequence, scholars also disagree on what the precise relation between different but related particles is. In this paper, I show that gesture analysis can shed new light on these issues. By looking at the gestures used with the German particles denn, ja, doch, eben, einfach, and halt, the paper illustrates how studying gestures can lead to a better understanding of the particles and their mutual relations by showing how gesture data can offer new evidence for existing hypotheses and help in finding a way out of matters of discussion.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Priyastuti, Maria Theresia. "Penggunaan Modal Verbs Bahasa Inggris dalam Ketrampilan Berbicara." Journal of Language and Health 1, no. 1 (May 17, 2020): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37287/jlh.v1i1.97.

Full text

Abstract:

This research discusses the form of modality and the meaning of modality in English learning process using role play method. This research discusses the form of modality and the meaning of modality in English learning process using role play method. Objective to describe the form of modality and to explain the meaning of modality. The form of modality that is used in speaking is deontic modality with the modal verbs such as “must, has to atau have to, should, can/could” and the meanings of modality which are found, are order/necessity modality and permission modality. Descriptive qualitative with equal pragmatic methods. The data were taken from the conversation of role play which contained modal verbs. The sampling of the research were used randomly when the nursing students did role play of giving health education with diet program theme. firstly, the main form of modality in the conversation of role play using modal verb “can and will”. Secondly the meaning of modality which is often found in conversation of role play is deontic modality for asking permission. The nursing students are able to use English modal verbs correctly in role play learning process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Kravchenko, Evgeniia V. "THE MODAL PARTICLE 吧 BA: EVOLUTION, FUNCTIONING PATTERNS AND BASIC MEANING." Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, no. 3 (2017): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2016_2_4_14_22.

Full text

Abstract:

Many modal particles are a distinctive feature of the Chinese language. Grammar researchers pay considerable attention to the study and description of the main functions and meanings of modal particles, that present an important class of words in general grammatical structure of modern Chinese. Their use plays an significant role in terms of sentence intonation, they introduce additional shades of meaning, and can even change the meaning of the whole sentence. This article describes the history of development, features, functioning patterns, and the basic meanings of the modal particle 吧 ba that is characterized by a broad shere of use and diversity of functions and connotations. These issues are of great interest and relevance for Chinese-as-L2 learners, as well as for researchers of modern Chinese grammar.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Klinge, Alex. "The Impact of Context on Modal Meaning in English and Danish." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 19, no. 1 (June 1996): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586500003280.

Full text

Abstract:

In this article it is argued on the basis of English and Danish data that modal meanings traditionally discussed as semantic properties of the modal auxiliaries are derived from intra- and extra-sentential context. On the basis of preferred readings the article illustrates and discusses some of the central variables which determine the assignment of modal meaning to a sentence in a context of utterance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Kravchenko, Evgeniya V. "CLASSIFICATIONS OF MODAL PARTICLES IN MODERN CHINESE." Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, no. 3 (2017): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2017_3_3_26_34.

Full text

Abstract:

In this article, classifications of modal particles of modern Chinese developed by Russian and Chinese researchers of grammar are discussed. The use of modal particles is one of the most characteristic features of the Chinese language. Their main functions are emotional-semantic accentuation and expression of additional meaning. Modal particles have a significant influence on the sentence translation, and can drastically change its meaning and intonation. This fact makes the modal particles of the Chinese language relevant for further studying. Abundance and variety of modal particles encouraged researchers to develop independent classifications based on different criteria including frequency of occurrence, types of intonation expressed, location in the sentence, number of syllables, and the expressed types of meanings. It is important for Chinese-as-L2 learners to master the variety of modal particles for correct speech production and adequate speech perception.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Hilpert, Martin. "Change in modal meanings." Constructions and Frames 8, no. 1 (September 26, 2016): 66–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cf.8.1.05hil.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper discusses how modal auxiliaries fit into a constructional view of language and how this view allows us to think in new ways about diachronic meaning change in modal auxiliaries. These issues will be illustrated on the basis of a diachronic corpus-based study of the modal auxiliary may, specifically focusing on changes in its collocational preferences during the past 200 years. The main point of this paper is the claim that a constructional view needs to take account of the mutual associations between modal auxiliaries and the lexical elements with which they occur. Changes in these mutual associations are usefully understood as change in a complex network of constructions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Yang, Jeong-seok. "Modal meaning composition in Korean auxiliary verb constructions." Language and Linguistics 72 (August 30, 2016): 117–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20865/20167205.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Daugavet, Anna. "Latvian dabūt 'get': An acquisitive modal?" Baltic Linguistics 6 (December 31, 2015): 9–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32798/bl.394.

Full text

Abstract:

Depending on the context the Latvian verb dabūt ‘get’ expresses either necessity or possibility in combination with the infinitive, which makes it similar to what is known as “acquisitive modals” in other languages, such as Swedish and Estonian. The Latvian verb is different in that it is implicative rather than modal, i.e. the necessity or possibility that it expresses is always actualized, unless the verb is negated. The use of dabūt with the infinitive has developed from the meaning ‘onset of possession’ alongside other meanings that include ‘displacement/change of state’ and ‘unpleasant experience/damage’, the former also being found with acquisitive verbs in other languages.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Xu, Zhen, and Yi Zhang. "An Analysis of Interpersonal Meaning of Modal Verbs in Abstracts from Scientific Papers: Case Study of Progress in Aerospace Sciences." LingLit Journal Scientific Journal for Linguistics and Literature 2, no. 2 (June 26, 2021): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/linglit.v2i2.462.

Full text

Abstract:

The aims of this study are to explore the distribution features of modal verbs in abstracts from scientific papers, analyze the reasons for those features and figure out the role modal verbs play in achieving interpersonal meaning. The study has selected 60 abstracts randomly from Progress in Aerospace Sciences from 2015 to 2019 as research samples. It combines Halliday’s value of modality with Biber et al.’s two classifications to process modal verbs. The instruments adopted in this research are AntConc 3.2.4, manual sorting and SPSS Statistics 21. Based on the results, the study finds that: firstly, the overall occurrence of modal verbs in 60 abstracts is 59 times, among which low-value modal verbs are the most frequently distributed (74.6%), median-value modal verbs the second (22.0%) and high-value modal verbs the least (3.4%); secondly, the achievement of interpersonal meaning relies on value of modality, and when the value of modality is lower, a better degree of interpersonal meaning can be achieved; thirdly, high-value modal verbs achieve tough interpersonal meaning, median-value modal verbs achieve comfortable interpersonal meaning, and low-value modal verbs achieve harmonious interpersonal meaning.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Lõbus, Triin. "Võimalikkus hispaania keele modaalverbi poder ja eesti keele modaalverbide semantikas. Tõlkevastete analüüs." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 125–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2016.7.2.06.

Full text

Abstract:

Kokkuvõte. Artiklis uuritakse episteemilist modaalsust hispaania ja eesti keele võimalikkusmodaalverbide semantikas. Võrdlus lähtub hispaania keele modaalverbist poder, vaadeldes selle episteemilise kasutuse tõlkevasteid ilukirjandusteostes. Analüüsi aluseks on episteemilise modaalsuse tähendusala täpsem määratlemine. Prototüüpset kõnelejakeskset (subjektiivset) võimalikkushinnangut eristatakse objektiivsest situatsioonilisest võimalikkusest, mis on episteemilise/mitte-episteemilise modaalsuse piiripealne vaheaste. See eristus võimaldab modaalverbide tähendusalasid paremini eritleda ja omavahel kontrastiivses vaates suhestada, kirjeldada episteemilise võimalikkuse semantikat modaaltähenduste kontiinumi skaalal selle olemuslikus seoses mitte-episteemiliste tähendusvaldkondadega ning vaadelda modaalverbe neile omase mitmetähenduslikkuse perspektiivist. Prototüüpne episteemiline tähendus esineb nii poder’i kui ka võima semantikas sulamina koos objektiivse situatsioonilise tähendusega ning näib analüüsitud materjali põhjal olevat viimase kõrval nõrgem tähendus. Samas näib subjektiivsel hinnangulisusel olevat võima semantikas suurem roll kui poder’i puhul. Saama semantikas panen prototüüpse episteemilise tähenduse kahtluse alla; saama näib ühemõtteliselt väljendavat objektiivset situatsioonilist võimalikkust. Pakun välja, et objektiivsus määratleb saama semantikat ka laiemas modaaltähenduste skaalas: võimalikkust ei väljendata tegevusosalise agentiivsuse (või kõneleja subjektiivsuse) keskselt – nagu võima puhul –, vaid situatsiooni asjaolude perspektiivist.Abstract. Triin Lõbus: Possibility in the semantics of the Spanish modal verb poder and the Estonian modal verbs saama and võima. Analysis of translation equivalents. This article deals with epistemic modality in the semantics of the modal verbs of possibility in Spanish and Estonian. The contrastive analysis is centred on the Spanish modal verb poder in its epistemic use and explores the translation equivalences appearing in a corpus of literary texts. The analysis is based on a narrower definition of the semantic domain of epistemic modality. The prototypical speaker-oriented (subjective) modality judgement is differentiated from the objective situational possibility, the last one being a border case between the areas of epistemic and nonepistemic modality. This distinction makes it possible to better differentiate between different meaning areas of the modal verbs and to establish their relationships to each other in a contrastive perspective, to describe the semantics of the epistemic possibility along the continuum of modal meanings in its inherent connection with non-epistemic meaning areas, and to observe the modal verbs from the perspective of the semantic ambiguity characteristic of them. In the semantics of poder as well as of võima, prototypical epistemic meaning merges with the objective situational meaning and, according to the material analysed here, seems to be the less prominent of the two meanings. At the same time, the meaning of a subjective judgement seems to have a more important part in the semantics of võima compared to that of poder. As for saama, the prototypical epistemic meaning is called into question here: saama seems to unequivocally express objective situational possibility. The article suggests that objectivity is what also defines the semantics of saama in a wider range of modal meanings: in case of saama possibility is not expressed as participant’s agentivity (or speaker’s subjectivity) oriented but as conceptualized from the perspective of situational circumstances.Keywords: epistemic modality; possibility; subjectivity; modal verbs; Estonian, Spanish

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Imre, Attila. "A Logical Approach to Modal Verbs 3. “Must”." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 9, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausp-2017-0031.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe article aims at a logical approach to discussing must, organized around the core meaning of necessity, split into epistemic (logical necessity) and deontic necessity (obligation). After discussing must as a central modal auxiliary, we present various meanings of must, relying on authoritative sources published for international (English), Hungarian, and Romanian students. Possible issues of teaching must are also dealt with, supported by data from a popular TV series containing modal verbs. The conclusion discusses the importance and relativity of a number of occurrences, trying to offer a possible teaching option for modals stemming from practice.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

de la Sienra, Adolfo García. "The Modal Laws of Economics." Philosophia Reformata 63, no. 2 (December 17, 1998): 182–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116117-90000154.

Full text

Abstract:

Herman Dooyeweerd’s classical characterization of the meaning-kernel of the economic modality runs as follows: the sparing or frugal mode of administering scarce goods, implying an alternative choice of their destination with regard to the satisfaction of different human needs. My first aim in this paper is to show that Dooyeweerd’s characterization of the meaning-kernel of the economic modality naturally leads to neoclassical economic theory. In order to do this, I will provide an argument that, departing from Dooyeweerd’s definition of the meaning-kernel of the economic modality, concludes in a logical reconstruction of (the static case of) neoclassical economic theory (from now on denoted as NET). The fundamental law of this theory will turn out to be thus, naturally, a formulation of the fundamental modal law of economics. The second aim of the paper is epistemological since it discusses the methodological problem of the empirical claim of the theory. It is my hope that this discussion will clarify the limits of NET and provide a reply to the objections raised against it by Reformed scholars like Goudzwaard (1980).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Van Herreweghe, Mieke. "Motan in The Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records." Modal Verbs in Germanic and Romance Languages 14 (December 31, 2000): 207–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.14.12van.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. In this paper we have tried to establish which paths the Old English modal *motan followed from Old English central meaning of permission to Modern English central meaning of obligation, by looking at peripheral meanings of *motan. The data presented here were drawn from The Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records. They tell us that *motan was never used in an epistemic sense; so, diachronically, deontic *motan came first. Moreover, it becomes quite clear that the core meaning was permission, that this could be slightly amended to include ability or wish, and that obligation was only a peripheral meaning in (late?) Old English.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Traugott, Elizabeth Closs. "Do semantic modal maps have a role in a constructionalization approach to modals?" Constructions and Frames 8, no. 1 (September 26, 2016): 97–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cf.8.1.07tra.

Full text

Abstract:

My aim in this paper is to show that, in modified form, semantic connectivity maps of the kind developed in van der Auwera & Plungian (1998) and van der Auwera (2013) can be useful for showing the development over time of relationships among polysemous constructions. Since these maps pertain primarily to meaning and are intended as contributions to cross-linguistic generalizations rather than to language-specific grammars, their purpose might seem orthogonal to construction grammar, in which form–meaning pairs are the basic units of grammar. I propose that the semantic maps can usefully be rethought as being of two kinds: schema-construction maps that represent relationships between abstract, conceptual schemas linked to underspecified form, and micro-construction maps that represent relationships between specific constructions. These two kinds of maps capture both form and meaning since they represent form–meaning pairings, but at different levels of abstraction. They can also capture direction of changes, as tendencies at the schema level and specific trajectories at the micro-level. My case study is the development of the marginal modals better, rather, sooner (see Denison & Cort 2010, van der Auwera & De Wit 2010). I show that better is significantly different in distribution and meaning from rather and sooner, and that, although they form a family of micro-constructions, they do not form a tight-knit group. This can be captured well by modified semantic maps.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Rauti, Antonio. "How use Theories of Meaning can Accommodate Shared Meanings: A Modal Account of Semantic Deference." Australasian Journal of Philosophy 88, no. 2 (August 10, 2009): 285–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048400903097794.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Aenlle, M., Martin Juul, and R. Brincker. "Corrigendum to “Modal Mass and Length of Mode Shapes in Structural Dynamics”." Shock and Vibration 2021 (June 30, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9821852.

Full text

Abstract:

The literature about the mass associated with a certain mode, usually denoted as the modal mass, is sparse. Moreover, the units of the modal mass depend on the technique used to normalize the mode shapes, and its magnitude depends on the number of degrees of freedom (DOFs) used to discretize the model. This has led to a situation where the meaning of the modal mass and the length of the associated mode shape is not well understood. As a result, normally, both the modal mass and the length measure have no meaning as individual quantities, but only when they are combined in the frequency response function. In this paper, the problems of defining the modal mass and mode shape length are discussed, and solutions are found to define the quantities in such a way that they have individual physical meaning and can be estimated in an objective way.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Papafragou, Anna. "Inference and word meaning: The case of modal auxiliaries." Lingua 105, no. 1-2 (June 1998): 1–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3841(97)00029-6.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Boye, Kasper. "The force-dynamic core meaning of Danish modal verbs." Acta Linguistica Hafniensia 33, no. 1 (January 2001): 19–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03740463.2001.10412194.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Hill, Felix, Roi Reichart, and Anna Korhonen. "Multi-Modal Models for Concrete and Abstract Concept Meaning." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 2 (December 2014): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00183.

Full text

Abstract:

Multi-modal models that learn semantic representations from both linguistic and perceptual input outperform language-only models on a range of evaluations, and better reflect human concept acquisition. Most perceptual input to such models corresponds to concrete noun concepts and the superiority of the multi-modal approach has only been established when evaluating on such concepts. We therefore investigate which concepts can be effectively learned by multi-modal models. We show that concreteness determines both which linguistic features are most informative and the impact of perceptual input in such models. We then introduce ridge regression as a means of propagating perceptual information from concrete nouns to more abstract concepts that is more robust than previous approaches. Finally, we present weighted gram matrix combination, a means of combining representations from distinct modalities that outperforms alternatives when both modalities are sufficiently rich.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Burdick, Howard. "Non-essentialistic modal logic or meaning and necessity revisited." Philosophia 22, no. 1-2 (January 1993): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02379809.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Aenlle, M., Martin Juul, and R. Brincker. "Modal Mass and Length of Mode Shapes in Structural Dynamics." Shock and Vibration 2020 (June 23, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8648769.

Full text

Abstract:

The literature about the mass associated with a certain mode, usually denoted as the modal mass, is sparse. Moreover, the units of the modal mass depend on the technique which is used to normalize the mode shapes, and its magnitude depends on the number of degrees of freedom (DOFs) which is used to discretize the model. This has led to a situation where the meaning of the modal mass and the length of the associated mode shape is not well understood. As a result, normally, both the modal mass and the length measure have no meaning as individual quantities but only when they are combined in the frequency response function. In this paper, the problems of defining the modal mass and mode shape length are discussed, and solutions are found to define the quantities in such a way that they have individual physical meaning and can be estimated in an objective way.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Parkinson, Jean. "Stance and modals of obligation and necessity in academic writing." Register Studies 2, no. 1 (April 10, 2020): 102–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rs.18012.par.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Variation has been demonstrated in modal use between written and spoken registers and between disciplines. This article investigates variation within a discipline by comparing modals of obligation and necessity used in three science genres. Obligation modals project strong authoritative stance, thus contrasting with the tendency in academic writing towards tentativeness. The modal auxiliaries must and should and quasi-modals have to and need to are investigated using student writing from the BAWE (British Academic Written English) corpus and a corpus of published research articles. Findings include a dearth of obligation modals in the empirical genres (research articles and laboratory reports). Also a greater prominence was found of dynamic modal meaning (where necessity arises from circumstances) rather than deontic meaning (where the necessity arises from human authority or rules). A further finding is the prominence of objective meaning in the science register compared with the International Corpus of English (Collins 2009a).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Rachmat, Nandang. "「テイル」形と「タ」形の派生アスペクト「パーフェクト性」とインドネシア語の機能語SudahとTelah." JAPANEDU: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengajaran Bahasa Jepang 4, no. 2 (December 29, 2019): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/japanedu.v4i2.18565.

Full text

Abstract:

The basic meaning of the morphological aspect of Japanese is the opposition between the form -ru/-tawhich expresses perfective, and -teiru/-teitawhich expresses imperfective. Also there are perfect meanings which derivate from the basic meaning of -taand -teiru/-teitaforms. They refer to the fact that a certain result or effect of previous activity remain at a certain point of time. In Indonesian function wordssudahand telah, which are generally considered as perfective markers, can often be the equivalent of perfect meanings in Japanese. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the differences between perfect aspect meanings in both languages mainly regarding the use of words sudahandtelah. This paper aims to explain perfect meanings in Japanese and Indonesian through the use of -ta, -teiru, -teitaforms and function words sudahand telah by contrastive analysis. The analysis showed that the perfect meanings cannot be fully matched with the use of sudahandtelah. They are not interchangeable because of differences in aspectual, modal, and contextual meanings. Some of them are expressed without using sudahor telah at all. Sudahmeans ingressive aspect, and refers to the result or effect of previous activities. As modal meanings, sudah indicates two things, that the speaker possesses predictions about a future event and the speaker’s attitude to provide the hearer information. Telah means completive aspect. It does not refer to the meaning of the effect of a previous activity, therefore it can not function as taxis on future perfect aspect.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Okhrimenko, Valeria. "RELATIONS IN THE SYSTEM OF MODAL MEANINGS OF THE COGNITIVE-SEMANTIC FIELD OF NECESSITY." PROBLEMS OF SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS 31 (2017): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2663-6530.2017.31.07.

Full text

Abstract:

The article focuses on correlation in the system of modal meanings of cognitivesemantic modal field of necessity in Italian. The system of modal meanings of modal field of necessity is organized in according to the principle of continuality and gradualism: 1) privative necessity; 2) negative willing; 3) necessity contaminated by emotiveness; 4) necessity contaminated by willing; 5) dispositive necessity (necessity contaminated by disposition); 6) deontic necessity; 7) deontic necessity of totality quantor. These modal meanings reflect a different proportion of subjective and objective factors, of synthesis and analysis during modal evaluation that influence on the opposition of the modal field “indefiniteness vs definiteness” according to increasing of a degree of definiteness. Taking down of indefiniteness realizes as a result of contamination of dominant willing modus by other ones: perceptive, emotional, epistemic, axiological. A proportion of subjective factors is maximum for the modal meanings of necessity contaminated by emotiveness and necessity contaminated by willing. A proportion of objective factors is maximum for the modal meaning of deontic necessity of totality quantor: emotions, willing, system of evaluation of specific subject lose importance being subordinated to the common axiological values.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Jasionytė-Mikučionienė, Erika. "The semantic and structural properties of modal markers in old Lithuanian writings (the 16th century)." Lietuvių kalba, no. 10 (December 15, 2016): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2016.22588.

Full text

Abstract:

The present study examines the expression of modality in the 16th century texts of Old Lithuanian, namely in Jonas Bretkūnas’ Postilė (1591) and Mikalojus Daukša’s Postilė (1599). The aim of the study is to compile the inventory of the modal markers and to give a description of semantic as well as structural features of the modals in the selected old Lithuanian writings. The results show that although the range of modal markers in the 16th century is wide and varied, the expressions of non-epistemic modality are more diverse than the expressions of epistemic modality. The former are expressed by the verbs reikėti ‘need to’, turėti ‘have to’, pareiti(s(i)) ‘have to’, gauti ‘get’, derėti ‘ought to’, the constructions būti privalu ‘be obligatory’ and būti valnu ‘be allowed’, while the latter are expressed by the adverb veikiai (veikiaus) ‘soon’ and the verbal form regis ‘it seems/seemingly’, etc. The greater variety of non-epistemic markers could have been determined by two factors. One of the factors may be that epistemic meanings were not as developed as non-epistemic meanings in the 16th century (it is compatible with the universal development of non-epistemic meaning into epistemic meaning in other languages). The other factor may be connected with the type of texts under study. Deontic meaning prevails in the 16th century texts due to their religious character. They instruct the reader how to follow God‘s commandments and thus live according to God‘s will.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Dambueva, Polina P. "О расширении круга модальной лексики в разговорном бурятском языке: функционально-модальные слова." Монголоведение (Монгол судлал) 12, no. 4 (December 17, 2020): 644–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2020-4-644-651.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction. Modality is present in any language at the level of words, phrases, sentences. In this regard, it is not unexpected, that the means of its expression can be observed at most different levels of the language: modality is expressed at the syntactic, morphological, lexical, phonetic levels; very often morphological, syntactic and other means are combined. And, nevertheless, despite the obvious prevalence and universality of this phenomenon, the problem of modality has not yet received its full description, and the literature on modality, functional-modal words in particular, is very limited. Goals. The article raises the question of lexical units — nouns, adjectives, adverbs, which in some conditions perform the functions of modal words due to their tendency to develop secondary uses, in particular, the function of modal words, that reinforce, emphasize a certain segment of a statement. Results. Functional-modal words, having different formal-morphological features and their primary lexical meanings, due to the emotional-expressive connotation inherent in their semantics, can in the message, along with modal words, express their general grammatical meaning - the speaker’s (multi-aspect) attitude to the content your statement or part of it. The considered functional-modal words do not differ from their ‘brothers’ in the lexical and grammatical category, but episodic losses of lexical meaning in connection with the performance of the function of the modal word draw attention to them as a phenomenon, that signifies the possible beginning of obscuring the lexical meaning and subsequent derivational processes — lexicalization, transposition, transition from one part of speech to another. The paper also touches upon the fundamental theoretical issue of including / excluding emotional-expressive meanings in the modality category, which many researchers exclude from the named category, explaining that they do not express the logical-rational qualification of the content of the utterance. The linguistic material, as it seems to the author, resists the division of statements into logical-rational and emotional-expressive, since in many cases, even within the framework of one word, these two aspects appear in an inseparable unity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Hasanah, Uswatun, and Ribut Wahyudi. "MEANING-MAKING OF HEDGES IN THE GOSSIP COLUMN OF THE JAKARTA POST." Jurnal Humaniora 27, no. 2 (January 9, 2016): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.v27i2.8717.

Full text

Abstract:

The present study investigates the use of hedges (vague language) as the meaning-making practice in the gossip column of the Jakarta Post. The daily newspaper is chosen due to pragmatic purposes, accessibility, and its national coverage. Adapting the framework of Lakoff (1973), Holmes (1990) and Hyland (1996a-b), this study focuses on the hedges’ functions and meanings in a gossip column (informal context), apart from an academic discourse (formal context) in which hedges are frequently discussed. This possibly leads to the diverse functions and meanings of the hedges’ occurrences within the discourse: through the employment of ‘epistemic modal’ (the expression of uncertainty) and ‘affective’ (the expression of solidarity) function. Further, the mostly-found hedges are the epistemic modal ‘about’ (five times) and the affective modal ‘think’ (four times) from six hedge categories. Eventually, it is also revealed that hedges used in the gossip column are to enhance the self-image and trend-setting identity of the celebrities, who indeed are involved in the discourse.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Wu, Bian. "Chinese Translation of Modal Verb Shall in Shakespeare’s Measure for Measure." International Journal of Linguistics 11, no. 5 (October 7, 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v11i5.15589.

Full text

Abstract:

Modal verbs are a type of verbs which express meanings such as volition, ability, possibility, necessity, etc. In Shakespeare’s plays, modal verbs are characterized by their large numbers and rich meanings, with some of their meanings different from their present-day English descendants. For instance, shall has the meaning “order to”, besides “intend to”, “ought to”, “be to”. This paper focuses on the differences among the Chinese translations of SHALL in Measure for Measure, by Zhu Shenghao, Liang Shiqiu, Fang Ping, Ying Ruocheng, and Peng Jingxi, its aim being to find out SHALL’s exact meanings and appropriate ways to render them in Chinese. The result shows that SHALL in Measure for Measure appears 86 times with 4 different meanings, which are “intend to”, “ought to”, “order to”, “be to”. Liang Shiqiu and Peng Jingxi tended to adopt formal equivalence in their translations, and Zhu Shenghao, Fang Ping and Ying Ruocheng tended to adopt functional equivalence in their translations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Hoseini, Amir Aliasghar, and Tabassom Khakrah Kahnamouei. "Infinitive Interrogative Sentences in Russian and Persian: Modal Meanings of Potentiality and Efficiency." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 11, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 585–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2020-11-3-585-595.

Full text

Abstract:

The article is a study of infinitive interrogative sentences bearing meanings of potentiality and efficiency in Russian and the means to render those in Persian. Both for Russian and Persian, such interrogative syntactic constructions and the relevant range of meanings are typical. As is known, in Russian infinitive is a verbal form though in a sentence it can combine the noun-and-verb functions, while in Persian, infinitive functions as a noun. As a rule, so-called Russian indefinite verbal form reflects various subjective and objective modal meanings, in particular, those of potentiality and efficiency which differs in Persian rather to reflect modal meanings of desirability, possibility, necessity, the must, inevitability, doubt, motive, etc. In relevant contexts the combination of modal meanings of desirability and possibility forms the potentiality meaning which is expressed by various linguistic means to form sentences: intonation, lexical and grammatical units, semantical components; other contexts of using such linguistic means to combine modal meanings of desirability and motive reveal the meaning of efficiency. The meanings themselves are not characteristic of Persian infinitive primarily due to their grammatical properties and belong to nouns therefore in Persian the mentioned above meanings and senses could be reflected by other linguistic means as well. The task of the study is to tackle the question of what are the means and manner they might make linguistic analogy to transmit semantics of potentiality and efficiency in Persian, while they are expressed in Russian infinitive interrogative sentences and rhetorical questions.The article treats infinitive interrogative sentences and rhetorical questions with infinitive as a predicate to render the semantics of potentiality and efficiency on the drama texts by M.Yu. Lermontov and A.P. Chekhov and the epic novel by A.N. Tolstoy. In course of comparative study, the translations into Persian of those texts were involved to find out similarities and differences of linguistic means used to reflect and reveal the semantics of infinitive interrogative sentences.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Stross, Brian. "Falsetto voice and observational logic: Motivated meanings." Language in Society 42, no. 2 (April 2013): 139–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004740451300002x.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractExamples of falsetto and higher pitched modal voice are presented in which the meanings are linked iconically and/or indexically to the signs, and therefore nonarbitrarily. Nine such meaning types are identified and discussed as inferences about falsetto derivable from observations that are minimally informed by cultural traditions. Observational knowledge and the logic by which it is utilized are seen as central concepts mediating universals and relativist approaches to the social meanings of voice qualities, including falsetto, and it is proposed that most falsetto use can be placed within the nine functional meaning categories identified. (Voice quality, falsetto, iconicity, indexicality, observational logic, universals, relativity)*

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Bunnag, Puttawit. "Understanding Necessity Causally." MANUSYA 9, no. 1 (2006): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-00901003.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper concerns a central issue of alethic modality. It attempts to provide a criterion of meaning for statements with modal words: ‘necessary’, ‘possibly’, ‘must’, ‘can’, ‘could’, etc. By considering the main problems concerning modal logic, logic dealing specifically with modal language, the paper chooses to understand the meanings of modal language by ‘possible worlds’ semantics, and tries to make it more credible by employing a concept of causality which underline most of our normal modal language. Furthermore, the paper attempts to answer the following questions: Why are formal expositions essential to philosophically understanding problematic modal discourses?; What is the conceptual burden they impose on us which needs to be overcome?; Why are existing philosophical endeavours taking part in this semantic contest ‘unsatisfactory’ or ‘inadequate’?; How can we understand modal discourses causally?

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Marsh, JohnE, and DylanM Jones. "Cross-modal distraction by background speech: What role for meaning?" Noise and Health 12, no. 49 (2010): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1463-1741.70499.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Jaeyon Park. "The metonymic extension of Korean endings including modal meaning ‘intention’." Journal of Korean Linguistics ll, no. 68 (December 2013): 253–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15811/jkl.2013..68.009.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Podesva, Robert J. "Gender and the social meaning of non-modal phonation types." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 37, no. 1 (June 25, 2011): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v37i1.832.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Dragomirescu, Adina, and Alexandru Nicolae. "From Motion to Desire: The Grammaticalization of a Change of Location Unaccusative Construction in Romanian." Probus 32, no. 2 (November 18, 2020): 303–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/probus-2020-0001.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThis paper documents the steps and analyses the processes by which a concrete change of location unaccusative construction based on a venitive verb grammaticalizes in Romanian as a modal construction exhibiting a variety of desiderative meanings, the most prominent of which is the urge-type of desiderative meaning. This diachronic change is atypical: the venitive verb underwent desemanticization but does not show any detectable morphophonological erosion or decategorialization. Furthermore, the desiderative meaning arises only when the venitive verb is accompanied by a dative clitic (originally, a goal of motion) and a subjunctive CP.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

DEPRAETERE, ILSE, and SUSAN REED. "Towards a more explicit taxonomy of root possibility." English Language and Linguistics 15, no. 1 (February 7, 2011): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674310000262.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of this article is to improve the description of root (or non-epistemic) possibility meanings. In previous accounts, the defining criteria are not applied systematically; there is a tendency towards definition by exemplification (especially when it comes to meanings that are ‘not permission’ and ‘not ability’) and certain categories (permission, for instance) tend to be defined in a circular way. We will argue that there are three criteria which are necessary and sufficient to distinguish five subclasses of root possibility meaning. The three criteria are: (a) the scope of the modal meaning, (b) the source of the modality and (c) the notion of potential barrier; the five meanings are: (a) ability, (b) opportunity, (c) permission, (d) general situation possibility (GSP) and (e) situation permissibility. The article offers an in-depth analysis of the three defining criteria and the root possibility meanings that their systematic application gives rise to. This approach clearly brings out the similarities and the dissimilarities between the different subcategories of root possibility meaning in English, and in this way it results in a more explicit taxonomy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Van Gelderen, Elly. "A New Modal Cycle." Nordlyd 44, no. 1 (October 12, 2020): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/12.5209.

Full text

Abstract:

A new set of modals is appearing in contemporary English. The epistemic modals with perfect have are forming a new class including mighta, coulda, woulda, shoulda, and musta, when they are used with an additional have and without a (present) perfect meaning. I look at their structure and examine possible determinacy violations when they (and the core modals) move to C. The data come from corpus and internet sources; the study is not a quantitative one because the change is not yet particularly frequent.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Yushko, Galina, and Anna Safronova. "ASPECTS OF THE SPEECH ACT MEANING THE REQUEST." Scientific Papers Collection of the Angarsk State Technical University 2018, no. 1 (March 4, 2020): 324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-7788-2020-324-328.

Full text

Abstract:

The speech act of request is considered as a concept of functional linguistics and its aspects: communicative, modal and improvised. The characteristics of these aspects are shown in the speech activities and their interaction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

AIKHENVALD, ALEXANDRA Y. "Versatile cases." Journal of Linguistics 44, no. 3 (October 16, 2008): 565–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002222670800532x.

Full text

Abstract:

Case markers are thought of primarily as nominal morphemes, indicating the function of a noun phrase in a clause. In a few languages of the world case markers also appear on verbal forms. Such ‘versatile’ cases can express (i) temporal, causal and other relationships between clauses, and (ii) aspectual and modal meanings within a clause. Core cases tend to express aspectual and modal meanings, while oblique cases tend to be used as clause-linkers. The recurrent semantic differences between case morphemes as nominal markers, as clause-linking devices, and as exponents of clausal categories are rooted in the inherent polyfunctionality of these ‘chameleon’ morphemes: the specific meaning of any instance is affected by the morphosyntactic context in which it occurs. The conclusions are corroborated by a case study of Manambu, a Papuan language with extensive use of cases on nouns and on verbs, as exponents of aspectual and modal meanings and as clause-linking devices.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Cieślak, Agnieszka. "Meanings of music in film from a cognitive perspective." Interdisciplinary Studies in Musicology, no. 19 (December 31, 2019): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ism.2019.19.7.

Full text

Abstract:

Cognitive psychology, with its focus on mind and its processes, is one of the approaches to study film music. Although music alone is said to be already meaningful, it gains and transfers specific meanings in the film context. This article aims to contribute to understanding of what film music means and how these meanings are processed in the cross-modal perception of a film. A review of the selected empirical research on film music with regard to meaning is followed by a short overview of the Annabel J. Cohen’s Congruence-Association Model (CAM) of media cognition. The model provides a framework for the experiments’ results and encourages future interdisciplinary studies in this area.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!