Relevant bibliographies by topics / Modal aberration

Academic literature on the topic 'Modal aberration'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Modal aberration"

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Zhang, Xiang. "Analyzing Output Phase Properties of Confocal Positive-Branch Laser Resonators by Use of Hartmann-Shack Sensor." Advanced Materials Research 282-283 (July 2011): 561–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.282-283.561.

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The effect of intracavity aberrated perturbation on output mode structure properties of passive confocal unstable resonator is been experimentally researched by adopting H-S wavefront sensor and Zernike modal wavefront reconstruction on the basis of numerical simulation. Results show that intracavity tilted perturbation notablely affects outcoupled intensity distribution, and will also increase some high-order aberrations of beam phase properties. However, low-order Zernike tilt aberration is the main component when phase-tilted perturbation is introduced into the resonator. Defocus, astigmatism and coma aberration will all be brought, and also such high-order aberration included in wavefront will directly degrade output beam quality. When correction device of adaptive optics adopted for intracavity aberration correction, correction of tilted aberration should be considered firstly.
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Lai, Xiaomin, Chen Xu, Yafeng Liu, Kaihua Wei, and Kaihua Wu. "Automatic Modal Wavefront Estimation and Correction for Optical Aberration." IEEE Photonics Journal 11, no. 1 (February 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2018.2888549.

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Kennedy, Chandler. "Helicoid modal analysis of laser oscillators with spherical aberration." Applied Optics 41, no. 33 (November 20, 2002): 6991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.41.006991.

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Liu, Jian, Weisong Zhao, Chenguang Liu, Chenqi Kong, Yixuan Zhao, Xiangyan Ding, and Jiubin Tan. "Accurate aberration correction in confocal microscopy based on modal sensorless method." Review of Scientific Instruments 90, no. 5 (May 2019): 053703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5088102.

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Villeneuve, Jean-Eudes, Albéric Boivin, and Subhash C. Biswas. "L'image tridimensionnelle du point en présence d'aberration sphérique primaire et de filtrage d'amplitude : unitaire ou modal." Canadian Journal of Physics 63, no. 2 (February 1, 1985): 287–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p85-046.

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We investigate the point diffraction image arising from an objective lens in the vicinity of its paraxial focus, under the combined influence of spherical aberration, defocusing, and an amplitude filtering of modal TEM00 law. The previous literature pertaining to our subject is first reviewed thoroughly and then we outline a new hybrid formalism that permits an easy computation of the total diffraction image everywhere in the focal region. In this formalism the complex pupil amplitude is developed into a series of Zernike polynomials, the coefficients of which are obtained through the Gauss–Chebyshev method of numerical quadrature. A considerable amount of numerical information has thus been obtained, which will be presented here in graphical form and discussed. Notably we show that our modal filter, combined with an appropriate amount of defocusing, does compensate the existing spherical aberration beyond the supposedly ideal situation represented by the Airy pattern.
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Hahn, K. A., R. C. Richardson, E. A. Hahn, and C. L. Chrisman. "Diagnostic and Prognostic Importance of Chromosomal Aberrations Identified in 61 Dogs with Lymphosarcoma." Veterinary Pathology 31, no. 5 (September 1994): 528–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589403100504.

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To determine the diagnostic and/or prognostic importance of chromosomal aberrations identified in dogs with malignant (non-Hodgkin's) lymphoma, clinical stages for 61 dogs with lymphosarcoma were determined, the lymph node(s) were histopathologically graded, and the malignant tissue lymphocytes were karyotyped. The results from life table survival curve analysis demonstrated that first remission length and survival time were significantly longer in 15 of 61 (25%) dogs that had a trisomy of chromosome 13 as the primary chromosomal aberration than in those dogs (46/61, 75%) with other primary chromosomal aberrations ( P < 0.05). Sex, age, weight, histopathologic subtype and grade, World Health Organization (WHO) clinical stage, WHO and modified Karnofsky performance status, chromosomal modal number, and treatment protocol were of no prognostic importance in predicting first remission length or survival time ( P > 0.05). Multivariate analysis did not identify a significant correlation between the prognostic groups or within the various prognostic subsets ( P > 0.05). The pathogenesis of canine and human non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, as observed cytogenetically, differs.
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Feng, Feng, Ian H. White, and Timothy D. Wilkinson. "Aberration Correction for Free Space Optical Communications Using Rectangular Zernike Modal Wavefront Sensing." Journal of Lightwave Technology 32, no. 6 (March 2014): 1239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2014.2301634.

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Neil, M. A. A., M. J. Booth, and T. Wilson. "Closed-loop aberration correction by use of a modal Zernike wave-front sensor." Optics Letters 25, no. 15 (August 1, 2000): 1083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.25.001083.

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Calderon-Uribe, Uriel, Geovanni Hernandez-Gomez, and Armando Gomez-Vieyra. "Measurement of Longitudinal Chromatic Aberration in the Last Crystalline Lens Surface Using Hartmann Test and Purkinje Images." Sensors 22, no. 7 (March 30, 2022): 2653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072653.

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Research has shown that longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA) of the human eye is generated across all of the eye’s optical surfaces. However, it may not be necessary to measure the LCA from the first surface of the cornea to the retina, as it is known that most of the changes that can modify the path of light occur from the first surface of the cornea to the last surface of the crystalline lens. This investigation presents the study of an objective technique that allows the measurement of longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA) on the last crystalline lens surface by developing a pulse width wavefront system using a Hartmann test, Purkinje image, and Zernike polynomial. A blue pulse (440–480 nm) and a red pulse (580–640 nm) were used to generate a pattern of spots in the human eye. This pattern generated on the posterior surface of the crystalline lens of the human eye allows the reconstruction of the wavefront via a modal method with Zernike polynomials. Once the wavefront is reconstructed, Zernike coefficients can be used to quantify the LCA. The methodology and objective measurements of the magnitude of the longitudinal chromatic aberration of five test subjects are explained in this article.
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Moxham, Thomas E. J., David Laundy, Vishal Dhamgaye, Oliver J. L. Fox, Kawal Sawhney, and Alexander M. Korsunsky. "Aberration characterization of x-ray optics using multi-modal ptychography and a partially coherent source." Applied Physics Letters 118, no. 10 (March 8, 2021): 104104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0041341.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Modal aberration"

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Boily, Pierre-Yves. "Les paradoxes du travail social en regard de la théorie de la complexité : comment recréer le travail social au-delà de ses aberrations." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25303.

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Cette thèse a pour objet la philosophie du Travail Social, ses paradigmes et ses valeurs contradictoires. La mise en perspective des prémisses souvent implicites des praticiens avec les défis éthiques et les contraintes organisationnelles auxquels ils se disent confrontés ouvre un champ important de réflexion sur la définition même du Travail Social. Peut-on reconnaître un sens (une intelligence de la situation) aux contradictions et paradoxes contenus dans les valeurs, les définitions et les pratiques du Travail Social? Ou doit-on se contenter de les déplorer ou de les assumer comme le lot quotidien de la mission des travailleurs sociaux? Un constat: le Travail Social, comme profession et comme discipline, est en déficit d'une lecture permettant de faire des liens entre ses praxis, ses discours éthiques et ses paradigmes. Une éthique désincarnée, un éclectisme des cadres théoriques, une instrumentalisation des pratiques font partie des manifestations de ce déficit. La praxis locale, nationale et internationale explore de nombreuses directions sans réussir jusqu'ici à cerner un paradigme commun susceptible d'opérer une synthèse des pratiques et des valeurs. Notre présomption: la théorie de la complexité offre une épistémologie permettant la compréhension, l'intégration et le dépassement des contradictions et paradoxes éthiques et paradigmatiques du Travail Social. À partir de la proposition de définition de Richard Ramsay, la théorie de la complexité est mise à l'épreuve dans la compréhension, l'intégration et le dépassement des paradoxes en Travail Social. Dans une discussion trialectique entre les types de praxis, les discours éthiques et les paradigmes évoqués en Travail Social, la théorie de la complexité transfigure les paradoxes du Travail Social en en faisant une de ses forces essentielles plutôt qu'une de ses limites. Cette proposition contribuera au débat sur la formulation de la définition du Travail Social. Mots-clés: Travail social, paradoxes, complexité, définition, éthique, cadres théoriques, paradigme.
The object of this thesis is to examine the philosophy of Social Work, its paradigms and contradictory values. Shedding new light on the premises put forth by practitioners, often too implicitly, along with the day-to-day ethical struggles and organisational constraints which they face has allowed for a new dimension of thought on the very definition of Social Work. Do the contradictions and paradoxes reflected in the values, practices, and definitions of Social Work make any sense? Are there any other options than to denounce or even assume such double-binds as the expected load of social workers? Our observation: Social Work as a profession and as a discipline lacks a framework that would allow interactions to take place between interventions, ethics, and paradigms. Disembodied ethics, theoretical frameworks lost in the shuffle as well as an instrumentation of practices are but a few of the examples showing how such deficit manifests. Local, national, and international definitions and praxis have made several unsuccessful attempts to establish a common paradigm that would be conducive to the full integration of practices and values. We submit that the Complexity Theory offers an epistemology that allows understanding, integrating, and going beyond the ethical and practical contradictions and paradoxes specific to Social Work. In light of the definition put forward by Richard Ramsay, the Complexity Theory is further tested in understanding, integrating, and transcending the paradoxes arising from Social Work practices and praxis. In a discussion involving the various types of practices, ethical discourses, and paradigms addressed in Social Work, the Complexity Theory takes paradoxes that could limit the scope of Social Work and transforms them into an essential professional force. This is our contribution to the debate on the definition of Social Work. Keywords: Social Work, paradoxes, Complexity, definition, ethics, paradigms, theoretical frameworks.
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Wilson, Cynthia Nicole. "A Fully Customizable Anatomically Correct Model of the Crystalline Lens." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20130.

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The human eye is a complex optical system comprised of many components. The crystalline lens, an optical component with a gradient index (GRIN), is perhaps the least understood as it is situated inside the eye and as a result is difficult to characterize. Its complex nonlinear structure is not easily measured and consequently not easily modeled. Presently several models of the GRIN structure exist describing the average performance of crystalline lenses. These models, however, do not accurately describe the performance of crystalline lenses on an individual basis and a more accurate individual eye model based on anatomical parameters is needed. This thesis proposes an anatomically correct, individually customizable crystalline lens model. This is an important tool and is needed both for research on the optical properties of human eyes and to diagnose and plan the treatment of optically based visual problems, such as refractive surgery planning. The lens model consisted of an interior GRIN with a constant refractive index core. The anterior and posterior surface was described by conic sections. To realize this eye model, the optical and biometric properties of mammalian lenses were measured and the correlation relationships between these measurements were used to simplify the model down to one fitting parameter which controls the shape of the GRIN. Using this data, an anatomically correct individualizable model of the lens was successfully realized with varying parameters unique to each lens. Using this customizable lens model, customizable human eye models based on measurements of the entire human eye can be realized.
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Genuzio, Francesca. "Spectro-microscopic investigation of Fe-oxide based model catalysts and instrumental development." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17526.

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Diese Arbeit untersucht Fe-Oxid-Systeme mit Hilfe einer Kombination aus Mikroskopie (LEEM, Röntgen PEEMs), Beugung (LEED) und Spektroskopie (XPS) und berichtet über die elektronenoptische Entwicklung adaptiver Optiken und Aberrationskorrekturen für einen elektrostatischen abbildenden Energieanalysator. Experimentell untersuchten wir Magnetit und Hämatit Dünnschichten. Ihre Kristallstruktur, Stöchiometrie sowie deren Oberflächenterminierung können durch spezielle Herstellungsverfahren eingestellt werden. Unter Ausnutzung der Echtzeit-Beobachtung mit Mikroskopie, Beugung und Spektroskopie untersuchten wir (a) die Oberflächenmodifikationen von Fe3O4 und α-Fe2O3-Dünnschichten durch Fe Ablagerung; (b) die reversible Phasenumwandlung Fe3O4 ↔ α-Fe2O3 unter verschiedenen Oxidationsbedingungen; (c) die Bildung der metastabilen γ-Fe2O3-Phase und (d) die Wechselwirkung von Fe3O4 und α-Fe2O3 Oberflächen mit unterstützten Pt-Nanopartikeln. Es wurde ein Algorithmus entwickelt, um den LEEM Bildkontrast für inhomogene 2D Oberflächen zu simulieren. Abschließend wird das Design eines Energiefilter-System vorgestellt, das in ein PEEM/LEEM Mikroskop der neuen Generation eingebaut werden wird. Das System basiert auf dem gleichen Abbildungsprinzip wie der magnetische Ω-Filter, der erfolgreich im aktuellen SMART Mikroskop eingesetzt wird. Das neue Instrument zielt auf die Verbesserung der Orts- und Energieauflösung im XPEEM (5 nm und 70 meV). Die Mehrzahl der möglichen Aberrationen zweiter Ordnung wird durch die intrinsische Symmetrie selbstkompensiert. Die Wirkung der anderen Aberrationen wird durch ein geeignetes Design der Verzögerungs- und Beschleunigungsoptiken kombiniert mit einer optimierten Passenergie reduziert. Darüber hinaus kompensieren zusätzliche Hexapole die restlichen dominierenden Aberrationen, wodurch eine Orts- und Energieauflösung besser als 2 nm bzw. 75 meV erreicht wird.
This work presents the investigation of Fe-oxide systems, combining microscopy (LEEM, X-PEEM), diffraction (LEED) and spectroscopy (XPS), and the electron-optical development of adaptive optics and aberration corrections for an electrostatic imaging energy analyzer. Experimentally, we studied magnetite (Fe3O4) and hematite (α-Fe2O3) thin films. Their crystal structure, stoichiometry as well as their surface termination can be tuned by special preparation procedures. Taking advantage of real time observation with microscopy, diffraction and spectroscopy, we investigated (a) the surface modifications of Fe3O4 and α-Fe2O3 thin films by Fe deposition; (b) the reversible phase transformation Fe3O4 ↔ α-Fe2O3 under different oxidation conditions; (c) the formation of the metastable γ-Fe2O3 phase and (d) the interaction of Fe3O4 and α-Fe2O3 surfaces with supported Pt nanoparticles . An algorithm was developed to simulate the LEEM image contrast for inhomogeneous 2D surfaces. The possible application to experimental data and the limitation will be discussed. Finally, the design of an energy filtering system is presented, which will be implemented in a new generation PEEM/LEEM microscope. The system bases on the same imaging principle as the magnetic Ω-filter, successfully implemented in the actual SMART microscope. The new instrument aims for the improvement of lateral and energy resolution in X-PEEM (5 nm and 70 meV, respectively). The majority of the possible second order aberrations are self-compensated by intrinsic symmetry. The effect of the other aberrations is reduced by an adequate design for the deceleration-acceleration optics in combination with optimized pass energy. Furthermore, additional hexapole multipoles compensate for the residual dominating aberrations, yielding in the lateral resolution and energy resolution better than 2 nm and 75 meV, respectively.
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Fernandes, Leandro Henrique Oliveira. "Simulação de fenômenos óticos e fisiológicos do sistema de visão humana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-09052008-161636/.

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O ganho crescen te de desempenho nos computadores modernos tem impulsionado os trabalhos científicos nas áreas de simulação computacional. Muitos autores utilizam em suas pesquisas ferramentas comerciais que limitam seus trabalhos ao esconder os algoritmos internos destas ferramentas e dificultam a adição de dados in-vivo nestes trabalhos. Este trabalho explora esta lacuna deixada por aqueles autores. Elaboramos um arcabouço computacional capaz de reproduzir os fenômenos óticos e fisiológicos do sistema visual. Construímos com superfícies quádricas os modelos esquemáticos do olho humano e propomos um algoritmo de traçado de raio realístico. Então realizamos um estudo nos modelos esquemáticos e a partir deles mais a adição de dados in-vivo obtidos de um topógrafo de córnea extraímos informações óticas destes modelos. Calculamos os coeficientes e Zernike dos modelos para tamanhos diversos de pupila e obtivemos medidas de aberração do olho humano. Os resultados encontrados estão de acordo com os trabalhos relacionados e as simulações com dados in-vivo estão consoantes com as produzidas por um aparelho de frente de onda comerciais. Este trabalho é um esforço em aproveitar as informações adquiridas pelos equipamentos modernos de oftalmologia, além de auxiliar o entendimento de sistemas visuais biológicos acabam também em auxiliar a elaboração de sistemas de visão artificial e os projetistas de sistemas óticos
The increase in performance of the modern computers has driven scientific work in the areas of computer simulation. Many authors use in their research commercial tools that use embedding algorithms, which sources are not provided, and it makes harder and sometimes impossible, the development of novel theories or experiments. This work explores this gap left for those authors. We present a computational framework capable to reproduce the optical and physiological phenomena of the human visual system. We construct schematical models of the human eye from quadrics surfaces and consider an algorithm of realistic ray tracing. Afterward, we performed a study on schematics models and in addition we introduce, in these models, in-vivo data obtained from corneal topography machine and extract optical information. We calculate the Zernike coefficients in the models for different sizes of pupil and measures of aberration of the human eye. The results are in agreement with related work and simulations with in-vivo data are according with the produced by a commercial wave-front device. This work is an effort in using to advantage the information acquired for the modern equipment of ophthalmology, besides assisting the understanding of biological visual systems, it also helps the development of artificial vision systems and the designing of optical systems
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Typovský, Viktor. "Definice parametru pro dekonvoluci obrazu z elektronového mikroskopu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377767.

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Tato diplomová práce se zabývá modelováním bodové rozptylové funkce (point spread function, PSF) u skenovacího transmisního elektronového mikroskopu (STEM). Nejprve je provedena teoretická rešerše, kde jsou popsány všechny důležitě aspekty, potřebné k následnému modelování. Je tedy proveden základní popis konstrukce přístroje a určeny jeho klíčové komponenty, které mají hlavní vliv na tvar výsledné PSF. Následně jsou popsány hlavní zobrazovací vady, které ovlivňují výslednou PSF. Ty jsou popsány z hlediska vlnové optiky. Na základě toho je pak navržen a zrealizován poměrně přesný model PSF u mikroskopu STEM. Poté je vytvořeno GUI, které umožňuje plné využití daného vytvořeného modelu. Na závěr je získaný model otestován na modelových a reálných datech, pomocí metody Lucy-Richardson.
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Haïat, Guillaume. "Étude d'une méthode d'inversion basée sur la simulation pour la caractérisation de fissures détectées par ultrasons dans un composant revêtu." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007345.

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Le travail effectué au cours de cette thèse porte sur l'inversion de données ultrasonores. Le contexte industriel en est le contrôle non destructif des cuves de réacteurs à eau pressurisée. Ces contrôles visent à détecter et caractériser des fissures. Les données ultrasonores se présentent sous la forme d'échographies obtenues à l'aide d'un capteur fonctionnant en émission-réception. Les fissures sont détectées par diffraction de leurs arêtes. L'analyse des données obtenues est rendue difficile du fait de l'existence d'un revêtement dont la surface est irrégulière et dont le matériau diffère du matériau constitutif de la cuve. Une méthode est ici proposée pour localiser avec précision les arêtes diffractantes et donc permettre un dimensionnement des fissures à partir des échographies ultrasonores obtenues. Cette méthode s'appuie sur l'application d'outils de modélisation de la propagation et de la diffraction des ultrasons prenant en compte à la fois le caractère irrégulier de la surface et la nature hétérogène du composant. La méthode développée a fait l'objet d'une implémentation informatique et a pu être testée sur un ensemble de cas représentatifs. En particulier, ses performances ont été évaluées à partir de l'analyse de résultats expérimentaux. La précision obtenue en laboratoire sur les cas expérimentaux traités est conforme à la demande industrielle qui a motivé cette étude.
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Rousseau, Emilie. "Identification des gènes impliqués dans la coopération oncogénique avec BCR-ABL1 dans la Leucémie Myéloïde Chronique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0281.

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La leucémie myéloïde chronique (LMC) a été le premier cancer humain associé à une anomalie chromosomique : le chromosome de Philadelphie. Le gène de fusion BCR-ABL1 résultant code pour une tyrosine kinase ayant une activité dérégulée. Les inhibiteurs de tyrosine kinase (ITKs), qui inactivent la protéine BCR-ABL1, représentent la thérapie ciblée la plus efficace pour la LMC en phase chronique. Cependant, la LMC en phase avancée ne répond pas bien au traitement par les ITKs. Les mécanismes sous-jacents à la progression de la LMC ne sont pas bien compris. Par conséquent, la découverte de gènes qui coopèrent avec l’oncogène BCR-ABL1, et qui pourraient expliquer la progression de la LMC vers des phases avancées, est nécessaire pour l’identification de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques de la LMC. Nous proposons d'établir un modèle cellulaire humain permettant l'identification de gènes capables de coopérer avec l'oncogène BCR-ABL1 pour une transformation tumorale complète. Ce système repose sur l'expression de BCR-ABL1 et l'inactivation d'autres gènes en particulier à l'aide de la technologie CRISPR-Cas9. L'identification des gènes coopérant avec BCR-ABL1 permettra la création de modèles cellulaires pour faciliter la sélection de médicaments capables de traiter la LMC dans les phases finales. Dans un second temps, une étude approfondie du gène TP53 a été menée. Ce gène étant muté dans plus de 50% des cancers, il est important de déterminer les conséquences de son inactivation dans des fibroblastes humains non tumoraux. La technologie CRISPR-Cas9 a été utilisée afin d’inactiver ce gène en particulier. Puis les cellules exprimant la forme sauvage ou la forme inactivée de p53 ont subi un traitement à la nutline-3a. Cette molécule empêche l’interaction du facteur de transcription p53 avec son inhibiteur MDM2. Des analyses transcriptomiques ont alors permis d’identifier d’une part les cibles aspécifiques de la nutline-3a et d’autre part les gènes cibles de p53 dans cette lignée de fibroblaste
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) was the first human cancer to be consistently associated with a chromosomal abnormality: the Philadelphia chromosome. The resulting BCR-ABL1 fusion gene encodes a tyrosine kinase with deregulated activity. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) inactivating the BCR-ABL protein represent the most successful targeted therapy for CML in chronic phase. However, advanced CML does not respond well to TKIs treatment. The mechanisms underlying the progression of CML are not well understood. Therefore, the discovery of genes that cooperate with the BCR-ABL1 oncogene, which could explain the progression of CML to advanced phases, is required for the identification of novel therapeutic targets of CML. We propose to establish a human cellular model system that allows the identification of genes that are able to cooperate with the oncogene BCR-ABL1 for full tumoral transformation. This system relies on the expression of BCR-ABL1 and the generation of gene knock-out by using the CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Identification of genes cooperating with BCR-ABL1 will permit the creation of cellular model systems for identifying drugs that are able to treat CML in final phases. Secondly, we performed a detailed study of TP53 function. This gene is mutated in more than 50% of all cancer types. It is therefore crucial to understand the impact of its inactivation in human fibroblast cells. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to inactivate this gene. Wild-type and TP53 knock-out cells subsequently underwent nutlin-3a treatment. This molecule blocks the interaction between p53 and its regulator: MDM2. Transcriptomic analyses were performed to further study p53 regulated genes, and also to discover other potential nutlin-3a targets
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Huisman, Maximiliaan. "Vision Beyond Optics: Standardization, Evaluation and Innovation for Fluorescence Microscopy in Life Sciences." eScholarship@UMMS, 2019. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/1017.

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Fluorescence microscopy is an essential tool in biomedical sciences that allows specific molecules to be visualized in the complex and crowded environment of cells. The continuous introduction of new imaging techniques makes microscopes more powerful and versatile, but there is more than meets the eye. In addition to develop- ing new methods, we can work towards getting the most out of existing data and technologies. By harnessing unused potential, this work aims to increase the richness, reliability, and power of fluorescence microscopy data in three key ways: through standardization, evaluation and innovation. A universal standard makes it easier to assess, compare and analyze imaging data – from the level of a single laboratory to the broader life sciences community. We propose a data-standard for fluorescence microscopy that can increase the confidence in experimental results, facilitate the exchange of data, and maximize compatibility with current and future data analysis techniques. Cutting-edge imaging technologies often rely on sophisticated hardware and multi-layered algorithms for reconstruction and analysis. Consequently, the trustworthiness of new methods can be difficult to assess. To evaluate the reliability and limitations of complex methods, quantitative analyses – such as the one present here for the 3D SPEED method – are paramount. The limited resolution of optical microscopes prevents direct observation of macro- molecules like DNA and RNA. We present a multi-color, achromatic, cryogenic fluorescence microscope that has the potential to produce multi-color images with sub-nanometer precision. This innovation would move fluorescence imaging beyond the limitations of optics and into the world of molecular resolution.
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Sellati, Brenton J. "Dynamic Model Pooling Methodology for Improving Aberration Detection Algorithms." 2010. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/535.

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Syndromic surveillance is defined generally as the collection and statistical analysis of data which are believed to be leading indicators for the presence of deleterious activities developing within a system. Conceptually, syndromic surveillance can be applied to any discipline in which it is important to know when external influences manifest themselves in a system by forcing it to depart from its baseline. Comparing syndromic surveillance systems have led to mixed results, where models that dominate in one performance metric are often sorely deficient in another. This results in a zero-sum trade off where one performance metric must be afforded greater importance for a decision to be made. This thesis presents a dynamic pooling technique which allows for the combination of competing syndromic surveillance models in such a way that the resulting detection algorithm offers a superior combination of sensitivity and specificity, two of the key model metrics, than any of the models individually. We then apply this methodology to a simulated data set in the context of detecting outbreaks of disease in an animal population. We find that this dynamic pooling methodology is robust in the sense that it is capable of superior overall performance with respect to sensitivity, specificity, and mean time to detection under varying conditions of baseline data behavior, e.g. controlling for the presence or absence of various levels of trend and seasonality, as well as in simulated out-of-sample performance tests.
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Faylienejad, Azadeh. "A Computational Model for Predicting Visual Acuity from Wavefront Aberration Measurements." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4704.

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The main purpose of this thesis is to create and validate a visual acuity model with experimentally obtained aberrations of human eyes. The other motivation is to come up with a methodology to objectively predict the potential benefits of photorefractive procedures such as customized corrections and presbyopic LASIK treatments. A computational model of visual performance was implemented in MATLAB based on a template matching technique. Normalized correlation was used as a pattern matching algorithm. This simulation describes an ideal observer limited by optics, neural filtering, and neural noise. Experimental data in this analysis were the eye’s visual acuity (VA) and 15 modes of Zernike aberration coefficients obtained from 3 to 6 year old children (N=20; mean age= 4.2; best corrected VA= 0 (in log MAR units)) using the Welch Allyn Suresight instrument. The model inputs were Sloan Letters and the output was VA. The images of Sloan letters were created at LogMAR values from -0.6 to 0.7 in steps of 0.05. Ten different alphabet images, each in ten sizes, were examined in this model. For each simulated observer the results at six noise levels (white Gaussian noise) and three levels of threshold (probability of the correct answer for the visual acuity) were analyzed to estimate the minimum RMS error between the visual acuity of model results and experimental result.
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Books on the topic "Modal aberration"

1

Chapier, Henry. Sacrée différence, ou, Les aberrations de l'air du temps. Monaco: Editions du Rocher, 1995.

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Hamta, Ahmad. The BDII rat model of endometrial cancer: Molecular analysis of genetic and cytogenetic aberrations. Göteborg: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology-Genetics, Lundberg Institute, Göteborg University, 2006.

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Hamta, Ahmad. The BDII rat model of endometrial cancer: Molecular analysis of genetic and cytogenetic aberrations. Göteborg: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology-Genetics, Lundberg Institute, Göteborg University, 2006.

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Blood matters: A journey along the genetic frontier. London: Granta, 2009.

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Mundale, Jennifer, and Shaun Gallagher. Delusional Experience. Edited by John Bickle. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195304787.003.0021.

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This article presents a model of delusional experience which provides an integrated approach in which aberrations at the neurological level are directly related to a disorder of experience. It argues that higher order cognitive effects are not the proper locus for the explanation of the delusional experience itself. Through following out the neurological and phenomenological underpinnings of misattribution, this article provides a bottom-up account of the genesis of schizophrenic delusions, particularly those involving the misattributions of agency.
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Luraghi, Nino. The Discourse of Tyranny and the Greek Roots of the Bad King. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199394852.003.0002.

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This chapter provides a systematic discussion of the essential attributes of the tyrant in ancient Greece, whence both the term and the concept spread throughout the West. Seen against the background of Greek cultural and moral values, the tyrant emerges as a radically marginal character, a violator of the accepted norms of sociability, a monstrous aberration. Thus, tyranny was perceived and depicted not as a bad political alternative but as a primordial sort of evil: a taboo that cannot be rationalized. Yet, the discourse of tyranny, this chapter argues, underpinned the whole concept of monarchy in Greek culture, to the point that the typical virtues of the ideal ruler were nothing more than a reversal of the negative traits of the tyrant.
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MULTIFOCAL SPHERICAL FISH LENSES. Lund, Sweden: Lund University, 2010.

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Peacock, Timothy Noël. The British tradition of minority government. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526123268.001.0001.

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Conservative plans for a coalition government, a snap General Election, Prime Ministers considering whether to resign after an electoral or referendum defeat, and the contemplation of both Labour and Conservative deals with the Liberals, SNP and Northern Ireland Unionist parties, are all aspects readily identifiable in British politics since 2010, and once again following the hung parliament in June 2017. However, secret plans for all these different scenarios were drawn up by British political leaders and advisers in the 1970s. These documents challenge the mythology that dominates historical accounts, documentary films, and television news programmes, in particular, the contention that the minority governments of this era were weak, unthinking aberrations, alien to Britain’s otherwise strong majoritarian political traditions. Using declassified internal party files, this book provides new perspectives of the strategic response to minority government during the Wilson and Callaghan Administrations of the 1970s, reveals a previously unrecognized distinct British tradition of minority government that goes beyond established international minority government theory and practice, and shows how these antecedents might apply to minority government at Westminster in 2017. Employing a new model which includes historical-political interparty comparison, this work examines how both Labour Governments and Conservative Oppositions confronted challenges ranging from legislative management and electoral timing to planning for future minority or coalition governments. This study will be invaluable to all interested in minority government and British political history, from policymakers, students, and journalists to the general public.
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Secrets in the Genes. British Association for Adoption and Fostering (BAAF), 1995.

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Blood Matters: From Inherited Illness to Designer Babies, How the World and I Found Ourselves in the Future of the Gene. Harcourt, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Modal aberration"

1

Atchison, David A., and George Smith. "Monochromatic Aberrations of Optical Model Eyes." In Optics of the Human Eye, 295–319. 2nd ed. New York: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003128601-20.

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Thompson, R. B., and E. F. Lopes. "A Model for the Effects of Aberrations on Refracted Ultrasonic Fields." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 117–25. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7763-8_12.

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Pan, Liu Zhan, Chao Liang Ding, Jie Hui Yang, and Xiao Yuan. "Propagation Properties of Partially Polarized Gaussian Schell-Model Beams through an Aperture Lens with Spherical Aberration." In Optics Design and Precision Manufacturing Technologies, 1180–86. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-458-8.1180.

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Egozcue, J., L. Tusell, R. Álvarez, A. Genescà, M. R. Caballín, L. Barrios, and R. Miró. "Interspecific micronucleus model for the study of induced chromosome aberrations in human male germ cells." In Chromosomes Today, 122–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1537-4_8.

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Di Benedetto, Alessandro, and Margherita Fiani. "Integration of LiDAR Data into a Regional Topographic Database for the Generation of a 3D City Model." In Geomatics for Green and Digital Transition, 193–208. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17439-1_14.

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AbstractTo analyze the resilience of road infrastructures to natural and anthropic hazards, the spatial and descriptive data provided by the Italian National Topographic Data Base (NTDB) and the 3D data coming from the LiDAR data of the “Ministero dell'Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare” (MATTM) can be used. The two datasets, having different nature, need to be properly joined. The aim of the work is the integration of the two datasets in a GIS environment for the 3D modelling of the anthropized territory and the optimization of the cartographic bases. On a test area, crossed by a network of linear infrastructures of great strategic importance and subjected to hydrogeological risk, an automated process has been implemented and tested in ArcGIS Desktop environment, to homogenize the data into the National Reference System. The planimetric component comes from the NTDB whereas the LiDAR data have been used to attribute the elevation to the extracted elements, to create the breaklines for a proper interpolation of the heights to build the Digital Terrain Model (DTM), to extract the height of the pitches of the buildings identified in the NTDB polygons, and finally to generate, filter and optimize the contour lines. The proposed workflow and the methodologies implemented also allowed the reconstruction of the volumes of each element involved (infrastructures and buildings) and to correct the altimetric aberrations present in the NTDB polygons.
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Frank, Michael J. "Computational Cognitive Neuroscience Approaches to Deconstructing Mental Function and Dysfunction." In Computational Psychiatry. The MIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262035422.003.0006.

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Advances in our understanding of brain function and dysfunction require the integration of heterogeneous sources of data across multiple levels of analysis, from biophysics to cognition and back. This chapter reviews the utility of computational neuroscience approaches across these levels and how they have advanced our understanding of multiple constructs relevant for mental illness, including working memory, reward-based decision making, model-free and model-based reinforcement learning, exploration versus exploitation, Pavlovian contributions to motivated behavior, inhibitory control, and social interactions. The computational framework formalizes these processes, providing quantitative and falsifiable predictions. It also affords a characterization of mental illnesses not in terms of overall deficit but rather in terms of aberrations in managing fundamental trade-offs inherent within healthy cognitive processing.
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Long, Zalizah Awang, Abdul Razak Hamdan, Azuraliza Abu Bakar, and Mazrura Sahani. "Pattern Mining for Outbreak Discovery Preparedness." In Data Mining, 2057–68. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2455-9.ch105.

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Today, the objective of public health surveillance system is to reduce the impact of outbreaks by enabling appropriate intervention. Commonly used techniques are based on the changes or aberration in health events when compared with normal history to detect an outbreak. The main problem encountered in outbreaks is high rates of false alarm. High false alarm rates can lead to unnecessary interventions, and falsely detected outbreaks will lead to costly investigation. In this chapter, the authors review data mining techniques focusing on frequent and outlier mining to develop generic outbreak detection process model, named as “Frequent-outlier” model. The process model was tested against the real dengue dataset obtained from FSK, UKM, and also tested on the synthetic respiratory dataset obtained from AUTON LAB. The ROC was run to analyze the overall performance of “frequent-outlier” with CUSUM and Moving Average (MA). The results were promising and were evaluated using detection rate, false positive rate, and overall performance. An important outcome of this study is the knowledge rules derived from the notification of the outbreak cases to be used in counter measure assessment for outbreak preparedness.
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Long, Zalizah Awang, Abdul Razak Hamdan, Azuraliza Abu Bakar, and Mazrura Sahani. "Pattern Mining for Outbreak Discovery Preparedness." In Medical Applications of Intelligent Data Analysis, 125–37. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1803-9.ch008.

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Today, the objective of public health surveillance system is to reduce the impact of outbreaks by enabling appropriate intervention. Commonly used techniques are based on the changes or aberration in health events when compared with normal history to detect an outbreak. The main problem encountered in outbreaks is high rates of false alarm. High false alarm rates can lead to unnecessary interventions, and falsely detected outbreaks will lead to costly investigation. In this chapter, the authors review data mining techniques focusing on frequent and outlier mining to develop generic outbreak detection process model, named as “Frequent-outlier” model. The process model was tested against the real dengue dataset obtained from FSK, UKM, and also tested on the synthetic respiratory dataset obtained from AUTON LAB. The ROC was run to analyze the overall performance of “frequent-outlier” with CUSUM and Moving Average (MA). The results were promising and were evaluated using detection rate, false positive rate, and overall performance. An important outcome of this study is the knowledge rules derived from the notification of the outbreak cases to be used in counter measure assessment for outbreak preparedness.
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Drèze, Jean. "Top-up." In Sense and Solidarity, 261–313. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833468.003.0011.

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This chapter covers a range of issues that do not fit in earlier chapters. These include urban poverty, universal basic income, the Gujarat model, electoral politics, India's bullet train, the economics of corruption, the aberrations of the caste system, and India's disastrous experience with demonetisation in late 2016. The book concludes with an extended essay on “Development and Public‐spiritedness”. This essay takes issue with the notion, common in economics, that people generally act out of self‐interest. This assumption has no theoretical or empirical basis. Public‐spiritedness, in the sense of a reasoned habit of consideration for the public interest, is a common feature of social life. Expanding the scope of public‐spiritedness is an important aspect of social development.
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Nguyen, Phuong Tran. "Assimilationists and the Postwar." In Becoming Refugee American. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041358.003.0006.

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This chapter focuses on the politics of respectability in Little Saigon during the 1980s, in which the Vietnamese American middle class and younger white conservatives shared a mutual interest in promoting “a responsible image of the refugees,” as evidence of who had really won the Vietnam War. Their collective intervention sought to win the postwar by constructing an asymmetrical dichotomy of model minority “good refugees” who typified the race in contrast to aberrational “bad refugees” who had a habit of attracting negative press. In reality, the “bad refugees” represented many of the practices—from using taxpayer dollars to purchase medicine for relatives in Vietnam to exceeding the legal limit for remittances—that accounted for 50% of the ethnic economy.
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Conference papers on the topic "Modal aberration"

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Chakmakjian, Stephen H., Mark T. Gruneisen, Mark A. Kramer, Victor C. Esch, and Karl Koch. "Time-Multiplexed One-Way Imaging for High Spatial Frequency Aberration Correction." In Nonlinear Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.mb5.

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One way image compensation has been applied to aberration correction in such scenarios as static aberrations located between objects and collection optics,1 and aberrations situated within the imaging optics themselves.2 Real-time one-way image compensation has also been applied to image transmission through dynamic turbulent boundary layers.3 In each of these cases a corrective grating is created such that an image bearing beam diffracted off of this grating is corrected by virtue of the phase subtraction process characteristic of the minus one diffracted order. A primary limitations in these systems is the inability to correct for high spatial frequency aberrations. However, high spatial frequency compensation seems possible. Phase conjugation has been employed in double-pass correction methods to reverse an aberrated wavefront after it has traversed a multimode optical fiber.4,5 In this case the modal dispersion experienced in the fiber imposed an extremely high spatial frequency aberration rendering the image unrecognizable. In this paper we report a one-way imaging scheme capable of correcting such high spatial frequency aberrators as ground glass and multimode optical fibers. This is the first demonstration to our knowledge of one-way image correction with such a severe aberrator.
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Smid, Pieter, Chung See, and Amanda J. Wright. "Modal aberration correction in confocal microscope with CCD camera detection." In 3D Image Acquisition and Display: Technology, Perception and Applications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/3d.2018.jtu5b.6.

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Chyzh, Igor H., and Vyacheslav M. Sokurenko. "Accuracy of modal wavefront estimation from eye transverse aberration measurements." In EOS/SPIE European Biomedical Optics Week, edited by Patrick Brouwer. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.413694.

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Booth, Martin J. "Direct measurement of Zernike aberration modes with a modal wavefront sensor." In Optical Science and Technology, SPIE's 48th Annual Meeting, edited by John D. Gonglewski, Mikhail A. Vorontsov, and Mark T. Gruneisen. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.503695.

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Zepp, Andreas, Szymon Gladysz, Wolfgang Osten, and Karin Stein. "Adapting the Design of the Modal Holographic Wavefront Sensor to Present Atmospheric Turbulence Conditions." In Adaptive Optics and Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/aoa.2022.of2b.6.

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The modal holographic wavefront sensor enables fast measurements of individual aberration modes without the need for time-consuming calculations. To minimize the effect of inter-modal crosstalk on the measurement accuracy, we present sensor optimization and show its performance in closed-loop adaptive optics in simulation.
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Downie, John D., Joseph W. Goodman, and David Ennis. "Segmented mirror adaptive optics system." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1987.tua3.

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An adaptive optics system that utilizes a segmented mirror as the active component is described and discussed. The mirror is a 10-in. diam spherical mirror composed of 13 independently controllable segments of equal area. The system linearity and control laws are discussed assuming a modal wavefront expansion. Two approaches to modal aberration expansion are briefly outlined using (1) Zernike polynomials as the basis set and (2) a modified set of Zernike polynomials. Both approaches allow calculation of the coefficient vector with a matrix–vector multiplication if a fixed sampling geometry is used. Assuming the employment of Zernike polynomials in the wavefront expansion, the feedback matrix G which governs actuator movement in the presence of measured aberration is computed. The mirror fitting errors to the Zernike polynomials are then estimated, and a finite number of polynomials are chosen which can be adequately corrected.
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Yeh, Pochi, Ian McMichael, and M. Khoshnevisan. "Phase-conjugate fiber-optic gyro." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1985.thk1.

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We describe a new type of fiber-optic gyro which utilizes the phase reversal of the conjugation process, and we report some preliminary experimental results. Polarization scrambling is a well-known source of signal fading and noise in fiberoptic gyros. Polarization-preserving fibers and couplers must be used to decouple the two states of polarization and hence improve the sensitivity.1 In the phase conjugate fiber-optic gyro, a scalar phase conjugator is employed to restore the severely scrambled waves to their original state of polarization. This eliminates the signal fading and noise due to polarization scrambling. Consider a fiber loop which contains a phase conjugate reflector at the end. The net phase shift of light completing a round trip is proportional to the rotation rate and can be used for rotation sensing. In addition, if the phase conjugate reflector is scalar2, the polarization state will not change on reflection. Such a scalar phase conjugator will produce a true time-reversed version of the incident wave and will undo all the reciprocal changes (e.g., polarization scrambling, modal aberration, temperature fluctuation) when the light propagates backward from the phase conjugator to the input coupling. Since the polarization scrambling and modal aberration of the multimode fibers can be corrected by scalar phase conjugation, even multimode fibers can be used in this new type of gyro. We have demonstrated the correction, by scalar phase conjugation, of polarization scrambling and modal aberration, in single and multimode fibers. We have also measured the conjugate phase shift introduced by rotation.
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Powers, M. S. "Eigenmodes of misaligned, unstable optical resonators with circular mirrors." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.mgg2.

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The sensitivity of unstable optical resonators to intracavity phase aberrations is an important consideration in the design of these cavities. Mirror misalignment or tilt introduces a phase aberration that alters the near-field intensity and phase distributions and lowers the transverse-mode separation of the cavity. In this work it is shown, numerically, that the diffractive transverse (Fox-Li) eigenmodes, supported by an unstable cavity with tilted mirrors, can be computed by expanding these modes in terms of the fully aligned (aberration-free) eigenmodes of the same cavity. Circular-mirror resonators are considered in which the aligned cavity eigenmodes can be decomposed into different azimuthal components. Because the linear operator in the eigenvalue problem for the cavity modes is not Hermitian for open-sided resonators because of the boundary conditions, it cannot be rigorously guaranteed that the modes form a complete set. Furthermore, the modes are biorthogonal rather than orthogonal to one another. Thebiorthogonality of the aligned-cavity eigenmodes is used to obtain the coefficients in the modal expansion of the misaligned modes. Results are given for two different resonators: a conventional hard-edged unstable cavity with a small tilt of the output coupler and one that uses a graded-reflectivity output mirror with a small tilt of the primary mirror. It is shown that the series expansion of the misaligned modes in terms of the aligned modes converges, and the converged modes and eigenvalues are virtually identical to those computed by the Prony or Krylov matrix methods.
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Hansen, Eric W., and Hong Jiang. "Polarization aberrations in three dimensions." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.fss3.

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To some degree, all optical systems affect the polarization of light passing through them. When this instrumental polarization adversely affects the performance of the system (e.g., the classic Maltese cross artifact in the polarizing microscope), it is said to possess polarization aberrations. Using the polarizing microscope as a model system, we present in this paper an analysis of polarization aberration effects upon 3-D image formation. We have derived analytic expressions for the 3-D point spread function and compared them with experimental observations. We also discuss how one scheme for correcting polarization aberrations performs in 3-D.
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Wu, Xiaofei, Shiyuan Liu, Shuang Xu, Xinjiang Zhou, and Wei Liu. "In-situ measurement of lens aberrations in lithographic tools using CTC-based quadratic aberration model." In SPIE Advanced Lithography, edited by Will Conley. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.916190.

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