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1
MAITI, RAJIB RANJAN, ARUN MALLYA, ANIMESH MUKHERJEE, and NILOY GANGULY. "UNDERSTANDING THE CORRELATION OF THE PROPERTIES OF HUMAN MOVEMENT PATTERNS." Advances in Complex Systems 17, no. 06 (November 2014): 1450019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525914500192.
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Mobility of humans plays an important role in shaping the performance of various services in mobile and location dependent networks. In this paper, we amalgamate and summarize the parameters reported in various trace analyses, and explore the inter-dependencies among the parameters using a layered approach. We then identify using an experimental setup (a) several roadblocks in generating an intended synthesis model, (b) the changes in the mobility patterns with variation in inputs (e.g., the underlying map), and (c) the changes in efficiency of a given service (here we have considered simple broadcasting) with change in the input parameters. Interestingly, we note that the efficiency of the service does not necessarily depend on the mobility pattern and one needs to be extremely careful before drawing a direct correlation between the two.
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Boyer, Denis, Margaret C. Crofoot, and Peter D. Walsh. "Non-random walks in monkeys and humans." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 70 (October 26, 2011): 842–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2011.0582.
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Principles of self-organization play an increasingly central role in models of human activity. Notably, individual human displacements exhibit strongly recurrent patterns that are characterized by scaling laws and can be mechanistically modelled as self-attracting walks. Recurrence is not, however, unique to human displacements. Here we report that the mobility patterns of wild capuchin monkeys are not random walks, and they exhibit recurrence properties similar to those of cell phone users, suggesting spatial cognition mechanisms shared with humans. We also show that the highly uneven visitation patterns within monkey home ranges are not entirely self-generated but are forced by spatio-temporal habitat heterogeneities. If models of human mobility are to become useful tools for predictive purposes, they will need to consider the interaction between memory and environmental heterogeneities.
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He, Wenwen, and Fu Ren. "Predicting the Place Visited of Floating Car: A Three-Layer Framework Using Spatiotemporal Probability." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10100663.
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Human-flow pattern can reflect the urban population mobility and the urban operating state. Understanding the trajectory of urban-population moving patterns can improve the effectiveness of urban-management measures. While most of the existing studies on human moving have placed a huge emphasis on location forecasting through the types of activities humans take part in and urban land-use types, this type of forecasting research is limited to relying on specific activity types and land-use types. The urban-population moving pattern has spatial and temporal characteristics, and this feature greatly affects the prediction of where humans will visit. This study aimed to predict the possible places to visit by using the spatiotemporal model. We analyzed the itinerary characteristics of urban taxis and proposed a model based on the taxi itinerary characteristics to predict the drop-off locations. This model can be used to predict the possible arrival locations of urban taxis. We selected three grids of travel data from each period in another day to test the prediction accuracy of the proposed model. The results show that the model can predict the destination of urban taxis to a certain degree.
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Taverna, Simona, Alessandro Tonacci, Maria Ferraro, Giuseppe Cammarata, Giuseppina Cuttitta, Salvatore Bucchieri, Elisabetta Pace, and Sebastiano Gangemi. "High Mobility Group Box 1: Biological Functions and Relevance in Oxidative Stress Related Chronic Diseases." Cells 11, no. 5 (March 1, 2022): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11050849.
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In the early 1970s, a group of non-histone nuclear proteins with high electrophoretic mobility was discovered and named high-mobility group (HMG) proteins. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is the most studied HMG protein that detects and coordinates cellular stress response. The biological function of HMGB1 depends on its subcellular localization and expression. It plays a critical role in the nucleus and cytoplasm as DNA chaperone, chromosome gatekeeper, autophagy maintainer, and protector from apoptotic cell death. HMGB1 also functions as an extracellular alarmin acting as a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP). Recent findings describe HMGB1 as a sophisticated signal of danger, with a pleiotropic function, which is useful as a clinical biomarker for several disorders. HMGB1 has emerged as a mediator in acute and chronic inflammation. Furthermore, HMGB1 targeting can induce beneficial effects on oxidative stress related diseases. This review focus on HMGB1 redox status, localization, mechanisms of release, binding with receptors, and its activities in different oxidative stress-related chronic diseases. Since a growing number of reports show the key role of HMGB1 in socially relevant pathological conditions, to our knowledge, for the first time, here we analyze the scientific literature, evaluating the number of publications focusing on HMGB1 in humans and animal models, per year, from 2006 to 2021 and the number of records published, yearly, per disease and category (studies on humans and animal models).
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Richards, Michael P., Marcello A. Mannino, Klervia Jaouen, Alessandro Dozio, Jean-Jacques Hublin, and Marco Peresani. "Strontium isotope evidence for Neanderthal and modern human mobility at the upper and middle palaeolithic site of Fumane Cave (Italy)." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 24, 2021): e0254848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254848.
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To investigate the mobility patterns of Neanderthals and modern humans in Europe during the Middle-to-Upper Palaeolithic transition period, we applied strontium isotope analysis to Neanderthal (n = 3) and modern human (n = 2) teeth recovered from the site of Fumane Cave in the Monti Lessini region of Northern Italy. We also measured a large number of environmental samples from the region, to establish a strontium ‘baseline’, and also micromammals (vole teeth) from the levels associated with the hominin teeth. We found that the modern humans and Neanderthals had similar strontium isotope values, and these values match the local baseline values we obtained for the site and the surrounding region. We conclude that both groups were utilizing the local mountainous region where Fumane Cave is situated, and likely the nearby Lessini highlands and Adige plains, and therefore the strontium evidence does not show differening mobility patterns between Neanderthals and modern humans at the Fumane site.
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Ariani, Nofa Martina, and Sudharto P. Hadi. "Sistem Sosial Ekologi Masyarakat pada Kawasan Kota Baru Mandiri Bukit Semarang Baru (BSB)." JURNAL PEMBANGUNAN WILAYAH & KOTA 12, no. 2 (December 29, 2016): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/pwk.v12i2.12896.
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The spatial pattern of Semarang illustrate how the pattern that separates the production zone with consumption zone. Consumption zone is where we live, while the production zone is where we work, shop, school prayer, and recreation. The condition causes the townspeople have to commute (nglajo) every day from the residence to the production zone. Patterns of community life of the city brought in a mechanical rhythm of having to use a motor vehicle. Be they as a community-based automobile (Hadi, 2001: 100-101). The existence of these problems lead to the birth of the Self-reliant New Town BSB Semarang. Bukit Semarang Baru (BSB) as an Self-reliant New Town is an integrated spatial planning, where the provision of shelter is equipped with facilities meeting the needs which are within the scope of one area or also called mixed use zoning. To examine changes in activity and mobility of people in urban space integrated pattern which in this case is the Self-reliant New Town BSB then used a socio-ecological systems approach. Socio-ecological systems see the extent of the interaction between different systems. The link between humans and the environment is realized through a variety of physiological processes, psychological and cultural (Lawrence, 2003). The method used in this study is a mix methods with quantitative and qualitative approaches. A quantitative approach is used to analyze the activity and mobility patterns, and a qualitative approach to explain the socio-ecological system of the community. Results from this study that of the five regular activity performed, shopping activities and religious activities have high interaction, because most people have been doing the activity in the region, while for other activities such as the activity of work, school and activity in leisure time is still done in BSB outside the region. The use of public transport modes BSB still choose a long private vehicle.
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Oliveira, Erika Aparecida, Rebeca Louise de Araujo Brabosa, Wanderley José Mantovani Bittencourt, Laura Cristina Jardim Porto Pimenta, Luciano José Pereira, Elaine Maria Seles Dorneles, and Ana Paula Peconick. "In silico selection of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPS) and their receptors in humans." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 10 (August 7, 2022): e452111032838. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i10.32838.
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Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are intracellular molecules released into the extracellular environment after injury. These are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and activate the innate immune system, triggering an inflammatory response. The most commonly studied DAMPs are S100 proteins, Thermal Shock Proteins (HSPs) and High Mobility Box Group 1 (HMGB1). Among the PRRs are the Toll-like Receptor (TLRs), the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGEs), Nod-like Receptor (NLRs) and the Absent Receptor in Melanoma 2 (AIM-2). DAMPs are intimately involved in the etiopathogenesis of chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, liver disease, heart disease and neurodegenerative diseases. It is very important to select molecular markers that enable the assembly of biological assays, with a view to elucidating the evaluation of the immune response. The present study evaluated different human DAMPs and their receptors in order to find molecular markers associated with diseases using bioinformatics tools. The screening of messenger RNA (mRNA) amino acid sequences was performed on the NCBI database using the nucleotide tool. Secondary mRNA prediction using RNAStructure and RNA foldWebServer software, epitope antigenicity prediction using the Immune Epitope Database Analysis Resource software and primer design using the Primer-BLAST Platform were evaluated. Considering the best predictions of secondary mRNA from receptors and DAMPs, 104 epitopes and 83 molecular marker candidates were predicted. The results presented are promising and could be used as immunomodulators or as diagnostic and prognostic platforms in various diseases.
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Barchiesi, Daniele, Tobias Preis, Steven Bishop, and Helen Susannah Moat. "Modelling human mobility patterns using photographic data shared online." Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 8 (August 2015): 150046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150046.
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Humans are inherently mobile creatures. The way we move around our environment has consequences for a wide range of problems, including the design of efficient transportation systems and the planning of urban areas. Here, we gather data about the position in space and time of about 16 000 individuals who uploaded geo-tagged images from locations within the UK to the Flickr photo-sharing website. Inspired by the theory of Lévy flights, which has previously been used to describe the statistical properties of human mobility, we design a machine learning algorithm to infer the probability of finding people in geographical locations and the probability of movement between pairs of locations. Our findings are in general agreement with official figures in the UK and on travel flows between pairs of major cities, suggesting that online data sources may be used to quantify and model large-scale human mobility patterns.
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Goude, Gwenaélle, Francesca Castorina, Estelle Herrscher, Sandrine Cabut, and Mary Anne Tafuri. "First Strontium Isotope Evidence of Mobility in the Neolithic of Southern France." European Journal of Archaeology 15, no. 3 (2012): 421–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1461957112y.0000000017.
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This study presents the first 87Sr/ 86Sr isotope results obtained on Neolithic humans from Southern France. These analyses aimed at exploring patterns of mobility in the Languedoc and Garonne areas, at sites dated to the Middle Neolithic (c. 4500–3500 cal BC). Strontium isotope analysis of tooth enamel and bone are a useful geochemical tracer to investigate the origin and residential mobility of ancient people. Strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/ 86Sr) of material from five sites located in two geographic areas were measured. Results obtained do not support our hypothesis of mobility for a number of individuals considered as outsiders in a previous study. On the other hand, the difference recorded between teeth and bone suggests mobility of other individuals between childhood and the last years of adult life. This preliminary study highlights the importance of combining multi-isotope analysis to discuss human subsistence economy and mobility.
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Zhang, Qi, Hengshu Zhu, Peng Wang, Enhong Chen, and Hui Xiong. "Hierarchical Wi-Fi Trajectory Embedding for Indoor User Mobility Pattern Analysis." Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7, no. 2 (June 12, 2023): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3596237.
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The recent advances in smart building technologies have enabled us to collect massive Wi-Fi network based trajectory data, which provide an unparalleled opportunity for understanding the indoor user mobility pattern and enabling a wide range of business applications. While some previous studies have explored the Wi-Fi positioning of users, there still lacks a systematic and effective solution for indoor user mobility pattern analysis based on Wi-Fi trajectory data. To this end, in this paper, we propose a unified framework for modeling Wi-Fi trajectory data, namely HWTE, which can empower various tasks of indoor user mobility pattern analysis, such as user classification, next location prediction and schedule estimation. Specifically, we first propose a session trajectory construction module to extract the spatio-temporal semantic information from the Wi-Fi trajectories of users. Then, we devise a pre-training module to learn the unified representation of Wi-Fi trajectories. In particular, a session position embedding technique and a position query task is introduced to enhance the representation ability of the whole trajectory. Moreover, we further propose a hierarchical Transformer-based fine-tuning module to support various application tasks with time and space efficiency. Finally, we validate our framework on a real-world dataset with all three kinds of downstream tasks.
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Vadai, Gergely, András Antal, and Zoltán Gingl. "Spectral Analysis of Fluctuations in Humans’ Daily Motion Using Location Data." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 18, no. 02 (May 29, 2019): 1940010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477519400108.
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The interpretation and characterization of universal scaling laws in human mobility and activity are subjects of active research. For the better understanding, instead of the statistical approach we have examined the temporal patterns of human daily motion using location data. The trajectories were measured continuously and with even sampling (1 measurement per minute), using GPS and Wi-Fi/mobile Internet signals of the participant’s smartphone, we have analyzed the few-week-long signals of displacements between two subsequent samplings in frequency domain. Our results had shown that 1/[Formula: see text] type noise is observable over the frequency of the daily rhythm of motion and its harmonics. We point out several technical questions about the measurement and data processing required for further detailed analysis. Furthermore, our new observation could help in the investigation of the underlying dynamics of human motion and opens several theoretical questions about the relationship between the spatial and temporal universality.
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Wang, Huandong, Qiaohong Yu, Yu Liu, Depeng Jin, and Yong Li. "Spatio-Temporal Urban Knowledge Graph Enabled Mobility Prediction." Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 5, no. 4 (December 27, 2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3494993.
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With the rapid development of the mobile communication technology, mobile trajectories of humans are massively collected by Internet service providers (ISPs) and application service providers (ASPs). On the other hand, the rising paradigm of knowledge graph (KG) provides us a promising solution to extract structured "knowledge" from massive trajectory data. In this paper, we focus on modeling users' spatio-temporal mobility patterns based on knowledge graph techniques, and predicting users' future movement based on the "knowledge" extracted from multiple sources in a cohesive manner. Specifically, we propose a new type of knowledge graph, i.e., spatio-temporal urban knowledge graph (STKG), where mobility trajectories, category information of venues, and temporal information are jointly modeled by the facts with different relation types in STKG. The mobility prediction problem is converted to the knowledge graph completion problem in STKG. Further, a complex embedding model with elaborately designed scoring functions is proposed to measure the plausibility of facts in STKG to solve the knowledge graph completion problem, which considers temporal dynamics of the mobility patterns and utilizes PoI categories as the auxiliary information and background knowledge. Extensive evaluations confirm the high accuracy of our model in predicting users' mobility, i.e., improving the accuracy by 5.04% compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms. In addition, PoI categories as the background knowledge and auxiliary information are confirmed to be helpful by improving the performance by 3.85% in terms of accuracy. Additionally, experiments show that our proposed method is time-efficient by reducing the computational time by over 43.12% compared with existing methods.
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Weber, Heike, and Gijs Mom. "Editorial." Transfers 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2015.050101.
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The final months of 2014 have seen many critical events in respect to mobility: Apple introduced its Apple Watch, a cyborg technology that adds a novel, substantially corporeal layer to our “always on” connectedness—what Sherry Turkle has termed the “tethered self.”1 Moreover, it is said to revolutionize mobile paying systems, and it might finally implement mobile body monitoring techniques into daily life.2 Ebola is terrorizing Africa and frightening the world; its outbreak and spread is based on human mobility, and researchers are calling for better control and quantifi cation of human mobility in the affected regions to contain the disease.3 Even its initial spread from animals to humans may have had its origin in human transgressions beyond traditional habitats, by intruding into insular bush regions and using the local fruit bats as food. Due to global mobility patterns, the viral passenger switched transport modes, from animal to airplane. On the other hand, private space fl ight suff ered two serious setbacks in just one week when the Antares rocket of Orbital Sciences, with supplies for the International Space Station and satellites on board, exploded, and shortly after, SpaceShipTwo crashed over the Mojave Desert. Th ese catastrophic failures ignited wide media discussion on the challenges, dangers, and signifi cance of space mobility, its ongoing commercialization and privatization, and, in particular, plans for future manned space travel for “tourists.”4
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Gutiérrez, Mélida, Xiaomin Qiu, Zachary J. Collette, and Zachary T. Lurvey. "Metal Content of Stream Sediments as a Tool to Assess Remediation in an Area Recovering from Historic Mining Contamination." Minerals 10, no. 3 (March 8, 2020): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10030247.
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Lead and zinc mining was booming in the early 1900s in and near Joplin, Missouri; a town within the Tri-State Mining District, USA. After the ore became depleted, mining companies moved out, leaving a profoundly disturbed land. Presently, over 90% of the land has been remediated. We collected sediment samples along two creeks flowing through the historically contaminated area that have been identified as major contributors of metals to downstream reservoirs, Center Creek (14 samples) and Turkey Creek (30 samples). Sediment metal content was determined by aqua regia extraction, the potentially bioavailable fraction by 0.11 M acetic acid extraction, and toxicity by ΣPEC-QCd,Pb,Zn. Zinc and lead content in sediments were high in both creeks notwithstanding remediation actions; e.g., median concentrations of 521 mg/kg Pb and 5425 mg/kg Zn in Center Creek, corresponding to 19 and 52 times the background concentration. The metals’ distribution followed no discernible pattern downstream. The potentially bioavailable fraction varied between 0.36% (Pb, Center Creek) and 4.96% (Zn, Turkey Creek). High toxicity was found in 40% of the samples in Turkey Creek and 78.5% of the samples in Center Creek. While this level of toxicity would likely affect aquatic organisms, its limited mobility under alkaline conditions suggests a lesser threat to humans. On the other hand, this high toxicity will likely persist in sediments for at least a few decades, based on their high metal content and low mobility.
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Kainyu, Fridah, and Mary Mwadulo. "Analysis of digital contact tracing technologies employed during COVID-19 Pandemic." African Journal of Science, Technology and Social Sciences 1, no. 2 (December 23, 2022): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.58506/ajstss.v1i2.112.
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Corona virus (COVID-19) is a worldwide pandemic that was first reported in Wuhan, China 2019.The virus claimed lives and negatively changed the mobility patterns of humans. As a measure to control the spread of the virus, Digital Contact Tracing Technologies (DCTTs) were employed to contain the virus. The (DCTTs) are used to track and notify users digitally about their interactions with infected individuals and help strengthen health service systems. The most widely used Digital Contact Tracing Technologies include those that use Global Positioning, Bluetooth, Quick Response (QR) Codes and Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi). These technologies depend on monitoring symptoms, mobility of a person, location and proximity of individuals. This paper reviews literature by analyzing the Digital Contact Tracing Technologies (DCTTs) employed for COVID-19 through a desk study. The review highlights the advantages and disadvantages of using these technologies, with an aim of recommending ways in which the technologies can be used to attain maximum benefit.
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Wong, Ping Man, Alan Cheung, and Wai Wa Yuen. "A study of the mobility of mainland students." International Journal of Educational Management 34, no. 2 (August 14, 2019): 279–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-12-2018-0418.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of the international mobility of mainland students in special administrative regions of China and in places outside China. Design/methodology/approach There have been studies using the framework of push–pull and reverse push–pull factors to explore the movement of mainland students to North America, Australia, Singapore and Hong Kong. This study follows up by exploring such research directions in Macau, which is another special administrative region of China. Different from previous studies, the sample of this study came specifically from 130 students enrolling in teacher education undergraduate programs in Macau. Findings In this study, using data collected from questionnaires and interviews, the factors affecting mainland student teachers’ choice of Macau as a place for their undergraduate studies are examined. Other related issues such as the challenges these students face and their intentions after their graduation are also studied. Originality/value The data collected for this study were primary and original, drawing specifically from students enrolling teacher education programs. Following the various studies on the global movement of mainland students, this study aimed at understanding mainland students’ mobility pattern in one of China’s special administration regions, Macau. In this regard, cultural identity and cultural factors were considered on top of other factors.
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Boyer, Denis, and Peter D. Walsh. "Modelling the mobility of living organisms in heterogeneous landscapes: does memory improve foraging success?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 368, no. 1933 (December 28, 2010): 5645–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0275.
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Thanks to recent technological advances, it is now possible to track with an unprecedented precision and for long periods of time the movement patterns of many living organisms in their habitat. The increasing amount of data available on single trajectories offers the possibility of understanding how animals move and of testing basic movement models. Random walks have long represented the main description for micro-organisms and have also been useful to understand the foraging behaviour of large animals. Nevertheless, most vertebrates, in particular humans and other primates, rely on sophisticated cognitive tools such as spatial maps, episodic memory and travel cost discounting. These properties call for other modelling approaches of mobility patterns. We propose a foraging framework where a learning mobile agent uses a combination of memory-based and random steps. We investigate how advantageous it is to use memory for exploiting resources in heterogeneous and changing environments. An adequate balance of determinism and random exploration is found to maximize the foraging efficiency and to generate trajectories with an intricate spatio-temporal order, where travel routes emerge without multi-step planning. Based on this approach, we propose some tools for analysing the non-random nature of mobility patterns in general.
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Woo, Jinseok, Kyosuke Yamaguchi, and Yasuhiro Ohyama. "Development of a Control System and Interface Design Based on an Electric Wheelchair." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 25, no. 5 (September 20, 2021): 655–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2021.p0655.
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Recently, personal mobility has been researched and developed to make short-distance travel within the community more comfortable and convenient. However, from the viewpoint of personal mobility, there are problems such as difficulty in picking up items while shopping when operating the joystick for shopping and the inability to use hands freely. Accordingly, because the speed of personal mobility can be controlled by foot stepping like an accelerator pedal, we developed an electric wheelchair system that can control the speed by pedal operation. Furthermore, we developed a control system that considers the ride quality using an electric wheelchair with pedal control. In this study, the proposed method is detailed in three parts. Firstly, to develop the pedal mechanism, a potentiometer was used to detect the angle of the pedal mechanism, and a spring mechanism was designed for return to its original position after the pedal was pushed. Next, we propose a feedback control system that considers the ride quality of the operator. In addition, we integrated the system with a smart device-based robot system to realize the mobility as a service (MaaS). Finally, we present several examples of the system and discuss the applicability of the proposed system.
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Haas, Randall, Todd A. Surovell, and Matthew J. O'Brien. "Dukha Mobility in a Constructed Environment: Past Camp Use Predicts Future Use in the Mongolian Taiga." American Antiquity 84, no. 2 (April 2019): 215–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2018.88.
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Diverse theoretical perspectives suggest that place plays an important role in human behavior. One recent perspective proposes that habitual and recursive use of places among humans may be an emergent property of obligate tool use by our species. In this view, the costs of tool use are reduced by preferential occupation of previously occupied places where cultural materials have been discarded. Here we use the model to generate five predictions for ethnographic mobility patterns. We then test the predictions against observations made during one month of coresidence with a residentially mobile Dukha family in the Mongolian Taiga. We show that (1) there is a strong tendency to occupy previously used camps, (2) previously deposited materials are habitually recycled, (3) reoccupation of places transcends kinship, (4) occupational hiatuses can span decades or longer, and (5) the distribution of occupation intensity among camps is highly skewed such that most camps are not intensively reoccupied whereas a few camps experience extremely high reoccupation intensity. These findings complement previous archaeological findings and support the conclusion that the constructed dimensions of human habitats exert a strong influence on mobility patterns in mobile societies.
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Breivik, Heidi Mjelva. "Palaeo-oceanographic development and human adaptive strategies in the Pleistocene–Holocene transition: A study from the Norwegian coast." Holocene 24, no. 11 (August 13, 2014): 1478–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683614544061.
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The human colonization of Norway occurred in the Pleistocene–Holocene transition – one of the most abrupt and severe climatic shifts in human history. For 1500 years (9500–8000 bc), the whole coast was occupied by mobile, marine-oriented hunter-gatherers. This paper explores dynamic relations between human adaptation and marine environmental variations in this period. An updated record of archaeological sites and palaeo-oceanographic data suggests a correlation between marine productivity and site distribution and density. The data further demonstrate spatial and temporal differences in the environment. A cooling pulse at 9300–9200 bc (the Preboreal Oscillation) with widespread ecological consequences must have been noticeable to humans occupying Norwegian landscapes. A more gradual shift occurred around 8800 bc when the arctic climate gave way to warmer conditions: The Norwegian Atlantic current stabilized, all fjord systems became ice-free, and animal diversity increased. In the northernmost region, the impact of Atlantic water was less severe, and Polar conditions with more sea ice seem to have lingered throughout the period. Variations in the site pattern may be related to these fluctuations in the resource situation. Variations in the lithic industry, on the other hand, seem to be connected to technological choices or local traditions, rather than environmental dissimilarities. The archaeological record indicates that the lifestyle, which developed under arctic conditions, was maintained through a flexible mobility pattern and a versatile tool technology, but the Norwegian coast also provided a good base to uphold such a lifestyle.
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Landolfo, Eugenia, Debora Cutuli, Laura Petrosini, and Carlo Caltagirone. "Effects of Palmitoylethanolamide on Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review from Rodents to Humans." Biomolecules 12, no. 5 (May 5, 2022): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12050667.
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Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) stands out among endogenous lipid mediators for its neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic functions. PEA belonging to the N-acetylanolamine class of phospholipids was first isolated from soy lecithin, egg yolk, and peanut flour. It is currently used for the treatment of different types of neuropathic pain, such as fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis, carpal tunnel syndrome, and many other conditions. The properties of PEA, especially of its micronized or ultra-micronized forms maximizing bioavailability and efficacy, have sparked a series of innovative research to evaluate its possible application as therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases are widespread throughout the world, and although they are numerous and different, they share common patterns of conditions that result from progressive damage to the brain areas involved in mobility, muscle coordination and strength, mood, and cognition. The present review is aimed at illustrating in vitro and in vivo research, as well as human studies, using PEA treatment, alone or in combination with other compounds, in the presence of neurodegeneration. Namely, attention has been paid to the effects of PEA in counteracting neuroinflammatory conditions and in slowing down the progression of diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Frontotemporal dementia, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Multiple Sclerosis. Literature research demonstrated the efficacy of PEA in addressing the damage typical of major neurodegenerative diseases.
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Lahav, Orly, David W. Schloerb, and Mandayam A. Srinivasan. "Virtual Environment System in Support of a Traditional Orientation and Mobility Rehabilitation Program for People Who Are Blind." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 22, no. 3 (August 1, 2013): 235–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00153.
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BlindAid, a virtual environment system developed in part for orientation and mobility training of newly, adventitiously, and congenitally blind persons, allows interaction with different virtual structures and objects via auditory and haptic feedback. This research examined whether and how the system might help people who are blind develop orientation and mobility skills within a traditional rehabilitation program. Nine clients at The Carroll Center for the Blind (Newton, MA) explored VEs and performed virtual orientation tasks in addition to their traditional orientation and mobility training. The virtual training gave the participants additional time to learn systematic exploration and orientation strategies and their performance was evaluated using qualitative and quantitative methods. The findings supply strong evidence that practicing with the BlindAid system does enhance traditional orientation and mobility training in these areas.
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Waterman, Anna J., Bryan S. Kendall, Chérie E. Haury-Artz, Andrew D. Somerville, and David W. Peate. "Stable and Radiogenic Isotope Analysis of Faunal Remains from a Western Iowa Oneota Complex Site: An Investigation of Diet and Mobility Variation in the Late Prehistoric Period of the Upper Midwest." Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 46, no. 3 (October 1, 2021): 223–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/23274271.46.3.02.
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Abstract This study provides evidence of the value of using isotopic data from faunal remains to understand human diet and mobility patterns when human remains are not available for examination. In this research, bone apatite, bone collagen, and enamel apatite from fauna recovered from recent excavations of the Dixon site (13WD8), an Oneota complex site (AD 1300–1400) in western Iowa, were analyzed for δ13C, δ15N, δ18O, and 87Sr/86Sr values. The goals of this study were to gather information about human and animal diet and mobility and faunal procurement strategies of humans in the late prehistoric period of upper midwestern North America and to contribute to the growing literature using domesticated dogs as surrogates for humans in isotopic studies of dietary patterns. The results of this study find that the people occupying the Dixon site were subsisting on agricultural products, including maize, in conjunction with the gathered wild resources and hunted fauna, which included both large and small local game. While the Oneota complex is thought to be associated with some amount of seasonal migration, there is no evidence of these movements offered via this study's data nor is there strong evidence of long-distance hunting. Domesticated canids were an important part of the Dixon settlement and were fed human foodstuffs and scraps, including maize. At times, these canids were also a source of food. As a substitute for analyses of human remains, this study uses the canine surrogacy approach (CSA) and argues that the canid data would be similar to the human data from the Dixon settlement. A Bayesian stable-isotope mixing model (MixSiar) was used to quantitatively interpret the stable-isotope values of the Dixon canids, and it suggests that bison hunting was a specialization of the human population occupying the Dixon site.
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Graham, Ben, Christos Tachtatzis, Fabio Di Franco, Marek Bykowski, David C. Tracey, Nick F. Timmons, and Jim Morrison. "Analysis of the Effect of Human Presence on a Wireless Sensor Network." International Journal of Ambient Computing and Intelligence 3, no. 1 (January 2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jaci.2011010101.
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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are gaining an increasing industry wide adoption. However, there remain major challenges such as network dimensioning and node placement especially in Built Environment Networks (BENs). Decisions on the node placement, orientation, and the number of nodes to cover the area of interest are usually ad-hoc. Ray tracing tools are traditionally employed to predict RF signal propagation; however, such tools are primarily intended for outdoor environments. RF signal propagation varies greatly indoors due to building materials and infrastructure, obstacles, node placement, antenna orientation and human presence. Because of the complexity of signal prediction, these factors are usually ignored or given little weight when such networks are analyzed. The paper’s results show the effects of the building size and layout, building materials, human presence and mobility on the signal propagation of a BEN. Additionally, they show that antenna radiation pattern is a key factor in the RF propagation performance, and appropriate device orientation and placement can improve the network reliability. Further, the RSS facility in RF transceivers can be exploited to detect the presence and motion of humans in the environment.
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Giles, John R., Elisabeth zu Erbach-Schoenberg, Andrew J. Tatem, Lauren Gardner, Ottar N. Bjørnstad, C. J. E. Metcalf, and Amy Wesolowski. "The duration of travel impacts the spatial dynamics of infectious diseases." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 36 (August 24, 2020): 22572–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1922663117.
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Humans can impact the spatial transmission dynamics of infectious diseases by introducing pathogens into susceptible environments. The rate at which this occurs depends in part on human-mobility patterns. Increasingly, mobile-phone usage data are used to quantify human mobility and investigate the impact on disease dynamics. Although the number of trips between locations and the duration of those trips could both affect infectious-disease dynamics, there has been limited work to quantify and model the duration of travel in the context of disease transmission. Using mobility data inferred from mobile-phone calling records in Namibia, we calculated both the number of trips between districts and the duration of these trips from 2010 to 2014. We fit hierarchical Bayesian models to these data to describe both the mean trip number and duration. Results indicate that trip duration is positively related to trip distance, but negatively related to the destination population density. The highest volume of trips and shortest trip durations were among high-density districts, whereas trips among low-density districts had lower volume with longer duration. We also analyzed the impact of including trip duration in spatial-transmission models for a range of pathogens and introduction locations. We found that inclusion of trip duration generally delays the rate of introduction, regardless of pathogen, and that the variance and uncertainty around spatial spread increases proportionally with pathogen-generation time. These results enhance our understanding of disease-dispersal dynamics driven by human mobility, which has potential to elucidate optimal spatial and temporal scales for epidemic interventions.
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Chung, J., X. Zhang, B. Colins, K. Howard, S. Simpson, C. Salmon, S. Koh, R. Sper, C. Byrd, and J. Piedrahita. "5 DISRUPTION OF THE HIGH MOBILITY GROUP AT-HOOK 2 (HMGA2) GENE IN SWINE REDUCES POSTNATAL GROWTH." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 26, no. 1 (2014): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv26n1ab5.
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The high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) protein has been shown to be a crucial gene for cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis; HMGA2 is also a strong biological candidate for growth, because mutations in this gene alter body size in mice and humans. Compared with wild-type controls, adult mice lacking HMGA2 are 60% smaller, and adult heterozygous mutants are 20% smaller. In humans, HMGA2 has been associated with adult and childhood height without any other deleterious effect. Additionally, a microdeletion in the HMGA2 gene in a human patient resulted in short stature, with no dysmorphologies and normal puberty. In order to determine the effect of HMGA2 on fetal and adult growth in pigs, a transgenic pig line deficient in HMGA2 expression was generated by gene targeting in fetal fibroblasts (FF). Using a targeting vector carrying a reporter gene, and homology arms specific to HMGA2, heterozygous mutant cell lines were generated. The cell lines were then used to generate 6 heterozygous females by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Bodyweights and lengths from snout to base of tail were measured every 2 weeks for a year for mutant (n = 6) and wild-type farm gilts (n = 6). Data were analysed by one-way ANOVA. As in mice, disruption of one allele of the HMGA2 gene resulted in 25% reduction in weight (P < 0.0001) and 14% reduction in length (P < 0.0001). Early in postnatal growth (2 months), weights of mutants were not different than wild-type. However, mutants were 20 to 35% lighter (P < 0.05) during mid stages (6 months) and 25 to 30% (P < 0.0001) in late stages (3 months). The same insertional mutation generated 8 heterozygous male clones by SCNT. In addition, 7 nontransgenic males from the same FF line were generated as SCNT controls. Bodyweights and lengths were measured every 2 weeks for 30 weeks for HMGA2 heterozygous mutants (n = 8), control SCNT (n = 7) and wild-type farm boars (n = 5). The weight curve of boars showed similar pattern as for mutant gilts. At 30-week postnatal stage, mutants were 17% (P < 0.05) and 16% (P < 0.05) lighter in weight compared with littermate and wild-type animals, respectively. We are presently developing homozygous HMGA2 mutant lines. Currently, 3 of 6 heterozygous gilts have been bred with heterozygous boars, with 1 confirmed pregnancy. The expectation is that the homozygous animals will, like mice, be 60% smaller than the wild-type animals. The approach described here will result not only in a valuable large-animal model of dwarfism, but also in a tool to reduce the size of existing transgenic and nontransgenic swine lines. This, in turn, will increase the receptivity of valuable transgenic lines by the biomedical community. Funding for this work was provided by NIH grant R21-OD010553 to JP.
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Leong, Diego Mozes, and Rudy Surya. "PUSAT KOMUNITAS ADAPTIF KEMANG KEMANG ADAPTIVE COMMUNITY HUB." Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur (Stupa) 3, no. 2 (February 3, 2022): 1665. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/stupa.v3i2.12463.
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Beyond Ecology is the result of the acceleration of ecology so that the relationship between Biotic and Abiotic is no longer only Plants or Animals or Humans with where they interact but can also develop like Humans and behavior. Humans and behavior are things that are less viewed at this time, both fellow humans and humans towards the surrounding environment. During the Covid-19 pandemic, which forces people to live more disciplined lives, implementing health protocols will have an impact on humans and their behavior in the community or society together. Along with these needs, the community in Kemang with various interests in activities requires the existence of a community that is able to answer these needs. In meeting the needs of designing the Kemang community container with various interests, activities and behaviors. The approach used is the transprogramming method, Bernard Tschumi. With this design method, it is expected to be able to answer the needs of not only interest in activities that can be accommodated but also the surrounding community who live in the Kemang area. The design of the Kemang Adaptive Community Center uses a mutually supportive and complementary pattern, so that it can be used simultaneously or alternately according to a flexibly designed schedule of activities. The existence of a high level of mobility is expected to be able to answer the issues raised in increasing public awareness of behavior in their community. Keywords: Adaptive; Environment; Human; Interest; Behavior AbstrakMelampaui Ekologi merupakan hasil dari percepatan ekologi sehingga hubungan antara Biotik dan Abiotik tidak lagi hanya Tumbuhan atau Hewan atau Manusia dengan tempat mereka melakukan interaksi tetapi bisa juga berkembang seperti Manusia dan perilaku. Manusia dan perilaku pun merupakan hal yang kurang dipandang pada masa ini, baik sesama manusia maupun manusia terhadap lingkungan sekitarnya. Dimasa pandemi Covid-19 yang memaksa masyarakat untuk hidup lebih berdisiplin melakukan protokol kesehatan akan memberikan dampak pada manusia dan perilakunya berkomunitas atau bermasyarakat secara bersama-sama. Seiring dengan kebutuhan tersebut komunitas di Kemang yang memiliki berbagai minat aktivitas memerlukan adanya sebuah komunitas yang mampu menjawab kebutuhan tersebut. Dalam memenuhi kebutuhan perancangan wadah komunitas Kemang dengan berbagai minat aktivitas serta perilakunya. Dilakukan pendekatan yang menggunakan metode transprogramming, Bernard Tschumi. Dengan metode perancangan tersebut diharapkan mampu menjawab kebutuhan tidak hanya minat aktivitas yang dapat diwadahi tetapi juga masyarakat sekitar yang tinggal di daerah Kemang. Rancangan Pusat Komunitas Adaptif Kemang yang menggunakan pola saling menunjang dan melengkapi, sehingga dapat digunakan secara bersamaan atau bergantian sesuai skedul kegiatan yang dirancang secara fleksibel. Adanya tingkat mobilitas yang tinggi diharapkan mampu menjawab isu yang diangkat dalam meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat akan berperilaku di komunitas lingkungan hidupnya.
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Yamaguchi, Toru, Jun Kawakatsu, Jianping Jing, Ryuji Kurosaki, and Fumio Harashima. "Safe Mobility System Cooperating with Human in Collaboration with Cyber City." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 8, no. 4 (July 20, 2004): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2004.p0403.
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Recently, the aging society has become a serious problem. Aged people have difficulty to handle much information; we paid attention to the welfare and a disaster prevention cyber city. In this research, we propose the validity of Safe Mobility System cooperating with Human in Collaboration with Cyber City, and show Vehicle Garage Parking Support System as an example.
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Fosu, Augustin Kwasi. "Occupational Mobility of Black Women, 1958–1981: The Impact of Post-1964 Antidiscrimination Measures." ILR Review 45, no. 2 (January 1992): 281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399204500206.
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This study finds that between 1965 and 1981, black women's occupational mobility rose relative to that of white women and white men by about 20% and 24%, respectively, and that more than half of these gains remain even after controlling for pre-existing trends, cyclical economic conditions, education, and factors potentially influencing the labor supply. No evidence is found to support the null hypothesis that this pattern is explained in significant measure by a decline in the labor supply of black women. The author argues, instead, that the results reflect the effects of Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act and, by the mid-1970s, affirmative action laws.
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PASTORE Y PIONTTI, ANA, MARCELO FERREIRA DA COSTA GOMES, NICOLE SAMAY, NICOLA PERRA, and ALESSANDRO VESPIGNANI. "The infection tree of global epidemics." Network Science 2, no. 1 (April 2014): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nws.2014.5.
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The spreading of transmissible infectious diseases is inevitably entangled with the dynamics of human population. Humans are the carrier of the pathogen, and the large-scale travel and commuting patterns that govern the mobility of modern societies are defining how epidemics and pandemics travel across the world. For a long time, the development of quantitative spatially explicit models able to shed light on the global dynamics of pandemic has been limited by the lack of detailed data on human mobility. In the last 10 years, however, these limits have been lifted by the increasing availability of data generated by new information technologies, thus triggering the development of computational (microsimulation) models working at a level of single individuals in spatially extended regions of the world. Microsimulations can provide information at very detailed spatial resolutions and down to the level of single individuals. In addition, computational implementations explicitly account for stochasticity, allowing the study of multiple realizations of epidemics with the same parameters' distribution. While on the one hand these capabilities represent the richness of microsimulation methods, on the other hand they face us with a huge amount of information that requires the use of specific data reduction methods and visual analytics.
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Cabey, Kadine, Dani M. Long, Alexander Law, Nora E. Gray, Christine McClure, Maya Caruso, Parnian Lak, et al. "Withania somnifera and Centella asiatica Extracts Ameliorate Behavioral Deficits in an In Vivo Drosophila melanogaster Model of Oxidative Stress." Antioxidants 11, no. 1 (January 6, 2022): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11010121.
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Due to an increase in the aging population, age-related diseases and age-related changes, such as diminished cognition and sleep disturbances, are an increasing health threat. It has been suggested that an increase in oxidative stress underlies many of these changes. Current treatments for these diseases and changes either have low efficacy or have deleterious side effects preventing long-time use. Therefore, alternative treatments that promote healthy aging and provide resilience against these health threats are needed. The herbs Withania somnifera and Centella asiatica may be two such alternatives because both have been connected with reducing oxidative stress and could therefore ameliorate age-related impairments. To test the effects of these herbs on behavioral phenotypes induced by oxidative stress, we used the Drosophila melanogaster sniffer mutant which has high levels of oxidative stress due to reduced carbonyl reductase activity. Effects on cognition and mobility were assessed using phototaxis assays and both, W. somnifera and C. asiatica water extracts improved phototaxis in sniffer mutants. In addition, W. somnifera improved nighttime sleep in male and female sniffer flies and promoted a less fragmented sleep pattern in male sniffer flies. This suggests that W. somnifera and C. asiatica can ameliorate oxidative stress-related changes in behavior and that by doing so they might promote healthy aging in humans.
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JONES, BRYONY A., MARTHA BETSON, and DIRK U. PFEIFFER. "Eco-social processes influencing infectious disease emergence and spread." Parasitology 144, no. 1 (September 9, 2016): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182016001414.
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SUMMARYThe complexity and connectedness of eco-social processes have major influence on the emergence and spread of infectious diseases amongst humans and animals. The disciplinary nature of most research activity has made it difficult to improve our understanding of interactions and feedback loops within the relevant systems. Influenced by the One Health approach, increasing efforts have recently been made to address this knowledge gap. Disease emergence and spread is strongly influenced by host density and contact structures, pathogen characteristics and pathogen population and molecular evolutionary dynamics in different host species, and host response to infection. All these mechanisms are strongly influenced by eco-social processes, such as globalization and urbanization, which lead to changes in global ecosystem dynamics, including patterns of mobility, human population density and contact structures, and food production and consumption. An improved understanding of epidemiological and eco-social processes, including their interdependence, will be essential to be able to manage diseases in these circumstances. The interfaces between wild animals, domestic animals and humans need to be examined to identify the main risk pathways and put in place appropriate mitigation. Some recent examples of emerging infectious disease are described to illustrate eco-social processes that are influencing disease emergence and spread.
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Reyna-Lara, A., D. Soriano-Paños, J. H. Arias-Castro, H. J. Martínez, and J. Gómez-Gardeñes. "A metapopulation approach to identify targets for Wolbachia-based dengue control." Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 32, no. 4 (April 2022): 041105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0087435.
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Over the last decade, the release of Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti into the natural habitat of this mosquito species has become the most sustainable and long-lasting technique to prevent and control vector-borne diseases, such as dengue, zika, or chikungunya. However, the limited resources to generate such mosquitoes and their effective distribution in large areas dominated by the Aedes aegypti vector represent a challenge for policymakers. Here, we introduce a mathematical framework for the spread of dengue in which competition between wild and Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes, the cross-contagion patterns between humans and vectors, the heterogeneous distribution of the human population in different areas, and the mobility flows between them are combined. Our framework allows us to identify the most effective areas for the release of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes to achieve a large decrease in the global dengue prevalence.
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McVey, John H., Emma J. Boswell, Osamu Takamiya, Gabriel Tamagnini, Victor Valente, Teresa Fidalgo, Mark Layton, and Edward G. D. Tuddenham. "Exclusion of the First EGF Domain of Factor VII by a Splice Site Mutation Causes Lethal Factor VII Deficiency." Blood 92, no. 3 (August 1, 1998): 920–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v92.3.920.415a18_920_926.
Full textAbstract:
We have studied a family with homozygous lethal, blood coagulation factor VII (FVII) deficiency. To identify the mutation responsible for the deficiency, exons 2 to 8 and the intron-exon junctions of their FVII genes were amplified from peripheral white blood cell DNA by polymerase chain reaction and screened by single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis. The fragment showing aberrant mobility was cloned and sequenced. We detected a single point mutation, a homozygous G to A substitution at nucleotide position 6070, in the invariant GT dinucleotide at the 5′ splice site of intron 4. Homozygosity was confirmed by loss of a site for the restriction endonuclease Mlu I. Analysis of the splicing pattern of ectopic transcripts in lymphocytes in the parents revealed that this mutation is associated with skipping of exon 4, which produces an mRNA encoding FVII with an in-frame deletion of the first epidermal growth factor–like domain (EGF 1). Transient transfection of COS-7 cells with an expression vector containing the ▵EGF 1 FVII cDNA shows that this mutant protein is not expressed. The identification of the molecular basis of the FVII deficiency in this family allowed mutation-specific prenatal diagnosis to be performed in a subsequent pregnancy. In this family complete FVII deficiency is associated with a severe bleeding diathesis but no developmental abnormalities, lending weight to the hypothesis that fetal FVII is not required for the putative angiogenic functions of tissue factor in humans. © 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
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Vattikota, Anirudh, Yajun Geng, Sunil Palani, Nehal Singh, and Aoshuang Chen. "Identification of Neutralizing Anti-HMGB1 IgM Autoantibody and Its B Cell Producers." Journal of Immunology 210, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2023): 83.15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.210.supp.83.15.
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Abstract Extracellular High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) is a prototypic damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP). While a homeostatic level of extracellular HMGB1 may be beneficial for immune defense, tissue repair and tissue regeneration, excessive HMGB1 is linked to chronic inflammation and inflammatory diseases. This prompts an intriguing question: How does a healthy body control the level of extracellular HMGB1? Here we have identified, in the plasma of both healthy humans and healthy mice, an anti-HMGB1 IgM autoantibody that neutralizes extracellular HMGB1 via binding specifically to a 100% conserved epitope, namely HMW4 (HMGB1 98–112). In mice, this anti-HMGB1 IgM (i.e., anti-HMW4 IgM) is produced by peritoneal B-1 cells, and concomitant triggering of their B cell receptor and toll-like receptor 4 by extracellular HMGB1 stimulates the production of anti-HMW4 IgM. The ability of extracellular HMGB1 to induce its own neutralizing antibody suggests a feedback loop limiting the level of this DAMP in a healthy body. Currently, our studies are ongoing to identify and characterize the human counterpart B cells that produce the anti-HMGB1 IgM, by first amplifying HMW4-reactive B cells from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in NSG recipient mice, in the presence of B cell-stimulating adjuvants (such as B cell mitogens). These studies serve as the prelude to exploring human anti-HMGB1 IgM down the road for treating patients with inflammatory diseases and provide insight pertaining to the role and regulation of other DAMP molecules.
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Malcolm, Brenda R., John J. Foxe, John S. Butler, Sophie Molholm, and Pierfilippo De Sanctis. "Cognitive load reduces the effects of optic flow on gait and electrocortical dynamics during treadmill walking." Journal of Neurophysiology 120, no. 5 (November 1, 2018): 2246–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00079.2018.
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During navigation of complex environments, the brain must continuously adapt to both external demands, such as fluctuating sensory inputs, and internal demands, such as engagement in a cognitively demanding task. Previous studies have demonstrated changes in behavior and gait with increased sensory and cognitive load, but the underlying cortical mechanisms remain largely unknown. In the present study, in a mobile brain/body imaging (MoBI) approach, 16 young adults walked on a treadmill with high-density EEG while 3-dimensional (3D) motion capture tracked kinematics of the head and feet. Visual load was manipulated with the presentation of optic flow with and without continuous mediolateral perturbations. The effects of cognitive load were assessed by the performance of a go/no-go task on half of the blocks. During increased sensory load, participants walked with shorter and wider strides, which may indicate a more restrained pattern of gait. Interestingly, cognitive task engagement attenuated these effects of sensory load on gait. Using an independent component analysis and dipole-fitting approach, we found that cautious gait was accompanied by neuro-oscillatory modulations localized to frontal (supplementary motor area, anterior cingulate cortex) and parietal (inferior parietal lobule, precuneus) areas. Our results show suppression in alpha/mu (8–12 Hz) and beta (13–30 Hz) rhythms, suggesting enhanced activation of these regions with unreliable sensory inputs. These findings provide insight into the neural correlates of gait adaptation and may be particularly relevant to older adults who are less able to adjust to ongoing cognitive and sensory demands while walking. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The neural underpinnings of gait adaptation in humans are poorly understood. To this end, we recorded high-density EEG combined with three-dimensional body motion tracking as participants walked on a treadmill while exposed to full-field optic flow stimulation. Perturbed visual input led to a more cautious gait pattern with neuro-oscillatory modulations localized to premotor and parietal regions. Our findings show a possible brain-behavior link that might further our understanding of gait and mobility impairments.
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Soltani, Ali, Andrew Allan, Ha Anh Nguyen, and Stephen Berry. "Students’ commuting pattern from the viewpoint of environmentalism: comparing Australia with China." International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 20, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 91–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijshe-08-2018-0146.
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Purpose This paper aims to clarify the differences between students’ travel behaviours in Australia and China and the association between students’ environmental attitudes and their travel behaviours in both countries. Design/methodology/approach The paper extensively reviewed most of existing literature work on commuting patterns of higher education students with referring to different studies around the world and then used it to build a theoretical framework and conceptual model to relate the travel patterns of students to built environment, personal demographics and environmental knowledge/consideration. An online survey was used with 230 students at Mawson Lakes campus of University of South Australia and Beiyangyuan campus of Tianjin University (China). Statistical tests (i.e. mean test, one-way analysis of variance, factor analysis) were used to analyse the data. Findings The study reveals that a high dependence on private vehicles amongst students at the Mawson Lakes campus, whilst a more environmentally sustainable modal choice dominated at the Beiyangyuan campus. Those who studied at Mawson Lakes campus tended to have stronger involvement in environmental activities than their counterparts at Beiyangyuan campus, which presented a clear association between environmental awareness and the travel behaviours of the sampled students. Research limitations/implications The study focussed on two respective campuses of both universities in Australia and China. Future work could be expanded with students at all campuses of two universities. Practical implications The study affirmed the value of nurturing environmental awareness for students in both universities to encourage more environmentally sustainable travel behaviours amongst students. The paper provides policy recommendations such as establishing infrastructure, and facilities for new stream of mobility included sharing bike schemes, which would be very practical due to flexibility and cost effectiveness within University campuses. The paper attempted to transfer lessons from Chinese bike friendly society to Adelaide’s car dominated campus. Originality/value This study brings remarkable contributions as comparing university students’ travel behaviours in two different nations. It is the first one in Australia, which links the environmental concerns among university students with their travel behaviours. The paper was successful in getting the gap between theory and practice filled to some extent. The paper has a capability to be used as an evidence-base work in the area of sustainability education.
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Gottschall, Jinger S., and T. Richard Nichols. "Neuromuscular strategies for the transitions between level and hill surfaces during walking." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1570 (May 27, 2011): 1565–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0355.
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Despite continual fluctuations in walking surface properties, humans and animals smoothly transition between terrains in their natural surroundings. Walking transitions have the potential to influence dynamic balance in both the anterior–posterior and medial–lateral directions, thereby increasing fall risk and decreasing mobility. The goal of the current manuscript is to provide a review of the literature that pertains to the topic of surface slope transitions between level and hill surfaces, as well as report the recent findings of two experiments that focus on the neuromuscular strategies of surface slope transitions. Our results indicate that in anticipation of a change in surface slope, neuromuscular patterns during level walking prior to a hill are significantly different from the patterns during level walking without the future change in surface. Typically, the changes in muscle activity were due to co-contraction of opposing muscle groups and these changes correspond to modifications in head pitch. In addition, further experiments revealed that the neck proprioceptors may be an initial source of feedback for upcoming surface slope transitions. Together, these results illustrate that in order to safely traverse varying surfaces, transitions strides are functionally distinct from either level walking or hill walking independently.
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Abdullahi, A., M. A. Lawal, and A. M. Salisu. "Heavy metals in contaminated soil: source, accumulation, health risk and remediation process." Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 14, no. 1 (December 17, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.1.
Full textAbstract:
Heavy metals contamination of soil is an issue of global concern that ultimately results in toxicity and diseases in humans and animals through consumption of food crops from contaminated soil. The toxic effects of these metals, even though they do not have any biological role, remain present in some or the other form harmful for the human body and its proper functioning. Heavy metals in the soil refers to some significant heavy metals of biological toxicity, including Cobalt (Co), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr), and Arsenic (As) etc. With the development of the global economy, both type and content of heavy metals in the soil caused by indiscriminate use for human purposes has altered their geochemical cycles and biochemical balance. There are many known sources of harmful metals, including the earth, which releases them into food, air, and water, and anthropogenic activities, such as the application of fertilizer in agriculture, the use of pesticides and herbicides, and irrigation. Other sources are automobile emissions, paints, cigarette smoking, industries, and sewage and waste disposal. This review gives details about some heavy metals their toxicity, bioaccumulation, biodegradation, mobility and solubility in contaminated soil along with their health effects. Remediation of heavy metal in contaminated soils is necessary to reduce the associated risks, make the available soil safe for agricultural production, enhance food security and scale down land tenure problems arising from changes in the land use pattern the review recommends regular monitoring of heavy metals in soil, vegetables and foodstuffs to prevent excessive accrual in food chain.
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McVey, John H., Emma J. Boswell, Osamu Takamiya, Gabriel Tamagnini, Victor Valente, Teresa Fidalgo, Mark Layton, and Edward G. D. Tuddenham. "Exclusion of the First EGF Domain of Factor VII by a Splice Site Mutation Causes Lethal Factor VII Deficiency." Blood 92, no. 3 (August 1, 1998): 920–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v92.3.920.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract We have studied a family with homozygous lethal, blood coagulation factor VII (FVII) deficiency. To identify the mutation responsible for the deficiency, exons 2 to 8 and the intron-exon junctions of their FVII genes were amplified from peripheral white blood cell DNA by polymerase chain reaction and screened by single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis. The fragment showing aberrant mobility was cloned and sequenced. We detected a single point mutation, a homozygous G to A substitution at nucleotide position 6070, in the invariant GT dinucleotide at the 5′ splice site of intron 4. Homozygosity was confirmed by loss of a site for the restriction endonuclease Mlu I. Analysis of the splicing pattern of ectopic transcripts in lymphocytes in the parents revealed that this mutation is associated with skipping of exon 4, which produces an mRNA encoding FVII with an in-frame deletion of the first epidermal growth factor–like domain (EGF 1). Transient transfection of COS-7 cells with an expression vector containing the ▵EGF 1 FVII cDNA shows that this mutant protein is not expressed. The identification of the molecular basis of the FVII deficiency in this family allowed mutation-specific prenatal diagnosis to be performed in a subsequent pregnancy. In this family complete FVII deficiency is associated with a severe bleeding diathesis but no developmental abnormalities, lending weight to the hypothesis that fetal FVII is not required for the putative angiogenic functions of tissue factor in humans. © 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
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Pes, Giovanni Mario, Michel Poulain, Alessandra Errigo, and Maria Pina Dore. "Evolution of the Dietary Patterns across Nutrition Transition in the Sardinian Longevity Blue Zone and Association with Health Indicators in the Oldest Old." Nutrients 13, no. 5 (April 28, 2021): 1495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051495.
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Health and longevity in humans are influenced by numerous factors, including lifestyle and nutrition. However, the direct relationship between lifetime eating habits and functional capacity of the elderly is poorly understood. This study investigated the dietary changes across nutrition transition (NT) in the early 1960s, in a population located in the Sardinia island known for its longevity, dubbed as “Longevity Blue Zone” (LBZ), as well as the relationship between the dietary patterns and a panel of health indicators. A total of 150 oldest-old participants (89 women and 61 men, age range 90–101 years) living in the LBZ were recruited. Participants were interviewed using validated questionnaires to assess the consumption frequency of common food items, as well as the correlation with self-rated health, comorbidity, affective and cognitive level, physical mobility, disability and anthropometric parameters. Differences between subgroups were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test for independent samples or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for paired samples. Correlation analysis was performed by calculating the Spearman correlation coefficient, separately in males and females. Compared to the pre-NT epoch, the consumption of meat, olive oil and fresh fruit slightly increased, while the consumption of lard, legumes and vegetables decreased. A significant association was found between increased olive oil intake across NT and self-rated health (ρ = 0.519), mobility (ρ = 0.502), improved vision (ρ = −0.227) and hearing (ρ = −0.314); increased chicken meat intake and performance in activities of daily living (basic activities of daily living: ρ = 0.351; instrumental activities of daily living: ρ = 0.333). Instead, vegetable consumption showed low correlation with health indicators. A mild increase in meat intake, mostly pastured poultry, is associated with better physical performance in the Sardinian LBZ elders, suggesting that a supply of protein may have been crucial to maintaining adequate functional capacity.
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Ardon, Paola, Maria E. Cabrera, Eric Pairet, Ronald P. A. Petrick, Subramanian Ramamoorthy, Katrin S. Lohan, and Maya Cakmak. "Affordance-Aware Handovers With Human Arm Mobility Constraints." IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 6, no. 2 (April 2021): 3136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lra.2021.3062808.
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Bunce, Valerie. "Domestic reform and international change: the Gorbachev reforms in historical perspective." International Organization 47, no. 1 (1993): 107–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300004720.
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Two rounds of stagnation and reform in Russia have occurred: from Nicholas I to Alexander II (1825–81) and from Brezhnev to Gorbachev (1964–90). A comparison between them reveals striking similarities in the sources of stagnation, the approach to reform, and the international and domestic consequences of the reforms. What emerges in particular is a pattern wherein international stability, Russian conservatism, and expanding Russian power in the international system (all of which describe developments during the regimes of Nicholas I and Brezhnev) give way to instability in Europe, liberalization of Russian politics, and Russian downward mobility in the international system (the pattern exhibited during the Alexandrine and Gorbachev eras). These similarities suggest at the very least that we should question the common assumptions about the unique properties of the postwar order, Soviet socialism, and Gorbachev's revolution. The parallels also imply certain revisions in our understanding of the relationship between domestic and international change, the nature of the European order in the nineteenth century, and the determinants of state power in the international system.
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Duhautois, Richard, Fabrice Gilles, and Héloïse Petit. "Decomposing the relationship between wage and churning." International Journal of Manpower 37, no. 4 (July 4, 2016): 660–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-04-2014-0100.
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Purpose – Applied research shows higher wages are associated with lower mobility at the establishment level. A usual interpretation is that high pay decreases labour turnover. The purpose of this paper is to test if such relationship holds for every type of worker in every type of firm. Design/methodology/approach – The analysis is based on a linked employer-employee panel dataset covering the French private sector from 2002 to 2005. The authors compute establishment wage effects and use them as explanatory variables in labour mobility equations (for churning rate and quit rate). Using spline regression models enables to investigate for potential non-linearities. Findings – The authors show that the relationship between churning rate and wage is non-linear and has the shape of an inverted J: the relation is negative and intense for establishments with low wage effect, weaker for average paying establishments and even becomes positive for very high-paying ones. This is true whatever the skill group of workers. It is also true for large establishments while the relationship is still negative but linear for small ones. The relationship between wages and quit rates has a strikingly similar pattern. This suggests that the link between churning and establishment wage effect is strongly related to quit decisions. Practical implications – A possible interpretation of our results is that paying higher wages may be an effective stabilizing tool especially for employers in small establishments and when starting wages are relatively low. Originality/value – The paper is the first to decompose the relationship between wage and mobility. It shows the relationship differs across establishment size and is not linear. The paper also shows quits play a role in this relationship.
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Honda, Hirohiko. "Mouse Operation Support for the Physically-Challenged Persons who have Progressive Intractable Diseases." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 16, no. 1 (January 20, 2012): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2012.p0131.
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We focused on the movement of the mouse and pointer to design a system that adjusts the speed of the pointer movement based on the user’s changing characteristics. This system automatically supplements the user interface of the personal computer with a mechanism to maintain work efficiency for the user. For test purposes, we asked a physically-challenged person to evaluate this system and were able to show significant results. This system will help physically-challenged users maintain their quality of life as this enables them to continue using a personal computer even as their state of mobility deteriorates.
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Majumdar, Sukanta. "A systemic view on sustainable consumption." Technoetic Arts 19, no. 1-2 (June 1, 2021): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/tear_00059_1.
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Sustainable product-service system (PSS) has potentiality to reduce the environmental stress through dematerialization of economy based on function-based well-being. PSS (also called as service) is a type of human-activity system with a series of events and is produced only after the demand from a consumer. The features of the events influence the consumer to act rationally according to the particular situations. Consumers must have freedom to choose a combination of relieving and enabling model of PSS to act rationally upon those according to the feature of events and the consumers have reasons to value their selection of services. A case of a complete journey of a passenger with urban mobility services is considered to visualize and realize the rational behaviour, which shows a systemic pattern and also autopoietic in nature.
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Lee, Kwan Min, David Yates, Joseph Clark, and Omar El Sawy. "Value Creation of Mobile Services Through Presence: Designing Mobile Information and Entertainment Applications with Presence in Mind." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 19, no. 3 (June 1, 2010): 265–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres.19.3.265.
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The inherent challenges and opportunities of mobile services design have recently led designers to embrace the theory of presence, as evidenced by recent white papers. However, our research finds that presence is a much richer theoretical construct than these studies suggest. Building on this viewpoint and drawing on prior communication research, we more fully explore the application of three types of presence—physical presence, social presence, and self-presence—to mobile services design and to the corresponding opportunities for value creation. We present a series of design challenges for mobility and identify opportunities for overcoming these challenges by incorporating presence. The implications of designing with presence are (1) a greater awareness of and response to the users' needs and behaviors; (2) strategies for design that leverage this awareness; and (3) methods for integrating unique features of mobile devices based on user-driven and environment-driven factors rather than technology-driven factors. Our research suggests the development of middle-range theories of presence for specific application domains such as mobility that combine theoretical aspects of presence theory with the real-world design factors of mobile services. Numerous real-world examples illustrate both the complete nature of presence and its application to mobile services.
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Bykowski, Tomasz, Kelly Babb, Kate von Lackum, Sean P. Riley, Steven J. Norris, and Brian Stevenson. "Transcriptional Regulation of the Borrelia burgdorferi Antigenically Variable VlsE Surface Protein." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 13 (July 1, 2006): 4879–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00229-06.
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ABSTRACT The Lyme disease agent Borrelia burgdorferi can persistently infect humans and other animals despite host active immune responses. This is facilitated, in part, by the vls locus, a complex system consisting of the vlsE expression site and an adjacent set of 11 to 15 silent vls cassettes. Segments of nonexpressed cassettes recombine with the vlsE region during infection of mammalian hosts, resulting in combinatorial antigenic variation of the VlsE outer surface protein. We now demonstrate that synthesis of VlsE is regulated during the natural mammal-tick infectious cycle, being activated in mammals but repressed during tick colonization. Examination of cultured B. burgdorferi cells indicated that the spirochete controls vlsE transcription levels in response to environmental cues. Analysis of PvlsE::gfp fusions in B. burgdorferi indicated that VlsE production is controlled at the level of transcriptional initiation, and regions of 5′ DNA involved in the regulation were identified. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays detected qualitative and quantitative changes in patterns of protein-DNA complexes formed between the vlsE promoter and cytoplasmic proteins, suggesting the involvement of DNA-binding proteins in the regulation of vlsE, with at least one protein acting as a transcriptional activator.
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Niitsuma, Mihoko, Terumichi Ochi, Masahiro Yamaguchi, and Koki Iwamot. "Design of Mutual Interaction Between a User and Smart Electric Wheelchair." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 16, no. 2 (March 20, 2012): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2012.p0305.
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This paper presents interaction between a user and a smart electric wheelchair. We propose a personal mobility tool (PMT) that integrates autonomous mobile robot navigation technology with intuitive and cognitive interaction between a user and a smart wheelchair. An intuitive and noncontinuous input method is proposed to enable a user to specify the direction in which the wheelchair is to go. Using an acceleration sensor and pressure sensors, the user gives a direction to the PMT, then the PMT determines the goal on an environmental map based on the direction. An output interface is used to help the user interpret robot behavior through informative communication between the user and the PMT. In this paper, a vibrotactile seat interface is presented.
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Kezai, Mourad, and Abdallah Khababa. "Generating Maude Specifications from M-UML Statechart Diagrams." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 26, no. 1 (January 20, 2022): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2022.p0008.
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The unified modeling language (UML) is used for the specification, visualization, and documentation of object-oriented software systems. Mobile UML (M-UML) is an extension of UML that considers mobility aspects, and a mobile statechart is an extension of the standard UML diagram that deals with the requirements for modeling, specifying, and visualizing mobile agent-based systems. However, mobile statecharts inherit UML’s lack of formal notation for analysis and verification purposes. The rewriting logic language Maude is a formal method that deals with mobile computations. In this paper, we propose a formalization of M-UML statechart diagrams using Maude to provide formal semantics for such diagrams. The generated Maude specifications are then used to analyze and check the systems using Maude analytical tools. This approach is illustrated through an example.