Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mobility Measure'
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Kuttner, Shulamit. "Development of a flow-through cell to measure the electrophoretic mobility of small gas bubbles." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq22620.pdf.
Full textGaunaurd, Ignacio A. "The Comprehensive High-level Activity Mobility Predictor (CHAMP): A Performance-based Assessment Instrument to Quantify High-level Mobility in Service Members with Traumatic Lower Limb Loss." Scholarly Repository, 2012. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/712.
Full textFreddo, Maurizio. "Free rides on public transport : Test traveller project as a soft policy measure for changing travel behaviour. Empirical findings from the Swedish context." Thesis, KTH, Systemanalys och ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-233370.
Full textAhlqvist, Sigge, and Matteus Arriaza-Hult. "How to measure the degree of PIT-ness in a credit rating system for a low default portfolio?" Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-273632.
Full textFör att uppfylla Basel regelverken behöver banker beräkna två sannolikheter för fallissemang (PD): point-in-time (PIT) och through-the-cycle (TTC). Målet är att förklara fluktuationer i betygssystemet, som förväntas påverkas av systematiska och idiosynkratiska faktorer. Att på ett objektivt sätt kunna avgöra om betygssystemet tar hänsyn till affärscykeln - dvs de systematiska faktorerna - när man tilldelar en kredittagare ett kreditbetyg är användbart för att utvärdera PD-modeller. Detta är också nödvändigt för att banker ska få använda sina egna riskparametrar och modeller istället för standardiserade modeller, vilket är önskvärt för de flesta banker eftersom det kan sänka kapitalkraven. Denna avhandling föreslår ett nytt mått för att mäta graden av PIT-ness. Detta mått syftar till att vara särskilt användbart när man utvärderar en kreditportfölj med få fallissemang. Det föreslagna måttet är byggt på en Markov tillämpning på kreditbetygssystemet. För att hitta ett lämpligt mått för en kreditportfölj med få fallissemang, tar det föreslagna måttet hänsyn till kreditbetygsmigrationer, säsongskomponenten i affärscykeln och tidsserieanalys. En analys utfördes mellan två olika kreditportföljer för att tolka resultaten. Resultaten visade att graden av PIT-ness var lägre i en kreditportfölj med få fallissemang jämfört med en testportfölj som uppvisade en större mängd kreditbetygsmigrationer med en större magnitud. Vikten av att beakta relevanta makroekonomiska variabler för att representera affärscykeln nämndes bland de viktigaste faktorerna att beakta för att få tillförlitliga resultat givet det föreslagna måttet.
Lieven, Theo. "Policy measures to promote electric mobility – A global perspective." Elsevier, 2015. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72828.
Full textColombini, Giulio. "Entropic measures in human mobility: the BellaMossa database in Bologna." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16950/.
Full textBrand, Johanna Catherina. "The governance of significant enterprise mobility security risks." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85853.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Enterprise mobility is emerging as a megatrend in the business world. Numerous risks originate from using mobile devices for business-related tasks and most of these risks pose a significant security threat to organisations’ information. Organisations should therefore apply due care during the process of governing the significant enterprise mobility security risks to ensure an effective process to mitigate the impact of these risks. Information technology (IT) governance frameworks, -models and -standards can provide guidance during this governance process to address enterprise mobility security risks on a strategic level. Due to the existence of the IT gap these risks are not effectively governed on an operational level as the IT governance frameworks, -models and -standards do not provide enough practical guidance to govern these risks on a technical, operational level. This study provides organisations with practical, implementable guidance to apply during the process of governing these risks in order to address enterprise mobility security risks in an effective manner on both a strategic and an operational level. The guidance given to organisations by the IT governance frameworks, -models and -standards can, however, lead to the governance process being inefficient and costly. This study therefore provides an efficient and cost-effective solution, in the form of a short list of best practices, for the governance of enterprise mobility security risks on both a strategic and an operational level.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ondernemingsmobiliteit kom deesdae as ‘n megatendens in die besigheidswêreld te voorskyn. Talle risiko's ontstaan as gevolg van die gebruik van mobiele toestelle vir sake-verwante take en meeste van hierdie risiko's hou 'n beduidende sekuriteitsbedreiging vir organisasies se inligting in. Organisasies moet dus tydens die risikobestuursproses van wesenlike mobiliteit sekuriteitsrisiko’s die nodige sorg toepas om ‘n doeltreffende proses te verseker ten einde die impak van hierdie risiko’s te beperk. Informasie tegnologie (IT)- risikobestuurraamwerke, -modelle en -standaarde kan op ‘n strategiese vlak leiding gee tydens die risikobestuursproses waarin mobiliteit sekuriteitsrisiko’s aangespreek word. As gevolg van die IT-gaping wat bestaan, word hierdie risiko’s nie effektief op ‘n operasionele vlak bestuur nie aangesien die ITrisikobestuurraamwerke, -modelle en -standaarde nie die nodige praktiese leiding gee om hierdie risiko’s op ‘n tegniese, operasionele vlak te bestuur nie. Om te verseker dat organisasies mobiliteit sekuriteitsrisiko’s op ‘n effektiewe manier op beide ‘n strategiese en operasionele vlak bestuur, verskaf hierdie studie praktiese, implementeerbare leiding aan organisasies wat tydens die bestuursproses van hierdie risiko’s toegepas kan word. Die leiding aan organisasies, soos verskaf in die IT-risikobestuurraamwerke, - modelle en -standaarde, kan egter tot’n ondoeltreffende en duur risikobestuursproses lei. Hierdie studie bied dus 'n doeltreffende, koste-effektiewe oplossing, in die vorm van 'n kort lys van beste praktyke, vir die bestuur van die mobiliteit sekuriteitsrisiko’s op beide 'n strategiese en 'n operasionele vlak.
Johansson, Fredrik. "Towards a sustainable mobility paradigm? An assessment of three policy measures." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Strategiska hållbarhetsstudier, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-240630.
Full textTransport och mobilitet är viktiga komponenter i organiseringen och strukturen av människors dagliga aktiviteter. Transportsektorn ger emellertid upphov till stor miljöpåverkan, exempelvis växthusgasutsläpp och markanvändning. Governance av sektorn är komplicerad och det har skett ett skifte från en hierarkisk styrning mot en större delaktighet och samarbete mellan olika aktörer. Givet dessa utmaningar kan det finnas behov av att flytta fokus från att palnera för rörlighet till tillgänglighet samt att ändra planeringsparadigmer. Syftet med avhandlingen är dels att kritiskt undersöka vad ett paradigmskifte skulle kunna innebära i det svenska nationella och kommunala transport-, bostads- och parkeringsplaneringssammanhanget, dels att undersöka hur ett Social Practice Theory ramverk skulle kunna bidra till förståelsen av ett sådant paradigmskifte. För att göra detta har avhandlingen undersökt tre policys som är i linje med ett paradigmskifte. Alla policys som diskuteras i avhandlingen öppnar upp beslutsfattande för olika aktörer eller medborgare. Vidare lyfter alla diskuterade strategier fram behovet av att flytta fokus från fysisk infrastruktur till tillgänglighet och att samarbete mellan olika intressenter är nödvändigt. I varje fall finns dock förhållanden och praktiker som försvårar omställningen. Trafikverket framhåller exempelvis vikten av att minska behovet av att resa och av att använda befintlig infrastruktur mer effektivt, och de menar att dessa åtgärder bör övervägas innan nya infrastrukturinvesteringar. Samtidigt har Trafikverket begränsat mandat att finansiera dessa åtgärder, vilket ger upphov till tvetydiga signaler och frustration bland regionala planerare på Trafikverket. Papper I argumenterar för att ett mer funktionsorienterat mandat skulle kunna underlätta en ett paradigmskifte i linje med en ’sustainable mobility paradigm’. I paper II diskuteras en förändring från miniminorm för parkeringsplatser vid bostäder, där byggherrarna måste bygga minst ett visst antal parkeringsplatser, till flexibla parkeringstal, där antal parkeringsplatser som ska byggas beror på den lokala kontexten och där andra mobilitetstjänster kan ersätta behovet av parkeringsplatser. I detta paper studeras personer som har köpt lägenheter i flerbostadshus med flexibla parkeringstal. Målet är att förstå dessa människors praktiker och hur de använder och uppfattar de mobilitetstjänster som tillhandahålls. I papper III diskuteras möjligheten att använda ett nytt parkeringsverktyg, Parking Benefit Districts, i en europeisk kontext. Parkering Benefit Districts är ett koncept där parkeringsavgifter på gatan införs, höjs eller utökas. Intäkterna från parkeringsavgifterna återförs därefter till det område där de togs ut, och medborgare, eller andra intressenter i området, deltar sedan i beslutet om hur intäkterna ska användas. Syftet med denna åtgärd har traditionellt varit att öka acceptansen för parkeringsavgifter, eftersom parkeringsavgifter på gatan kan anses vara fördelaktiga av planerare, men impopulära bland medborgare och andra intressenter. Paper III nämner i analysen att det inte finns några legala hinder för att genomföra ett Parking Benefit District program i Sverige, men det finns vissa begränsningar för hur intäkterna kan användas. Planerare i Stockholms stad hävdar dock att Sverige inte har den här planeringstraditionen och påpekar att ett sådant åtgärd kanske inte uppfattas som legitim. En annan viktig fråga att diskutera är jämlikhet och deltagande. Det finns en risk att vissa grupper i samhället inte deltar i samma utsträckning och det är därför viktigt att överväga vem som ska involveras samt hur det ska ske. I slutet diskuteras resultaten i relation till forskningsfrågorna. Alla de studerade policys skiftar fokus från fysisk infrastruktur till människors behov. Samtidigt finns det andra planerings praktiker och institutioner som drar samhällsutvecklingen i motsatt riktning. I avhandlingen diskuteras även hur ett Social Practice ramverk kan hjälpa både forskare och beslutsfattare att se de förändringar som behövs för att nå en ’sustainable mobility paradigm’.
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Farzana, Fatema Hoque. "Estimation and Prediction of Mobility and Reliability Measures Using Different Modeling Techniques." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3880.
Full textHaywood, Kirstie Louise. "Health outcomes in ankylosing spondylitis : an evaluation of patient-based and anthropometric measures." Thesis, University of York, 2000. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9814/.
Full textPerchoux, Camille. "Accounting for residential and non-residential environments to measure contextual effects on health behavior : the case of recreational walking behavior." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066593/document.
Full textPrevious studies on place effect on health focused on the residential neighborhood. This approach was criticized for not considering non-residential geographic life environments. The overarching aim of this dissertation is to estimate whether accounting for people’s network of activity places and their resulting exposure allows improving the understanding of environmental influences on recreational walking behavior. Three cross sectional studies were conducted on the second wave of the RECORD Cohort Study. In the first study, I identified a typology of individuals’ patterns of mobility and related socio-demographic correlates. Results from the second study provide evidence that exposure to environmental characteristics supportive to walking highly differs between the residential neighborhood, the perceived residential neighborhood and the activity space. The measurement error resulting from the sole use of residential measures of exposure varies among SES groups and among categories of the degree of urbanicity of the residence. In the third empirical study a high density of destinations, the presence of a lake or waterway, and a high neighborhood education are associated with recreational walking. This dissertation strengthen the conceptual grounds and empirical evidence that accounting for both residential and non-residential geographical environments individual get exposed is required to better proxy the true environmental exposure, and to estimate environmental influences on health behaviors
Kose, Alper <1982>. "Assessment of Daily Life Mobility Levels using Wearable Inertial Sensors and Minimun Measured Input Models." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4854/.
Full textNilsson, Nathalie, and Matilda Lassen. "Den goda mobiliteten : En undersökning av fastighetsutvecklares arbete med mobilitetsåtgärder i Västra Hamnen, Malmö." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-18682.
Full textUrban areas are shaped after the existing automobile dependency in modern time. This has burdened the environment and resulted in a need for cities to evolve into sustainable places. Sustainable mobility measures have become an urgent matter as a result of this problem. An important actor in the work with mobility measures for a sustainable urban mobility are developers. The purpose of this study is to examine developers’ role in the work with sustainable travel when a new city area is under development. Three areas in the Western Harbour in Malmö have been deemed relevant as case studies. Theories about sustainable urban mobility together with semi-structured interviews and document analyses served to examine and discuss the formulated questions. The conclusions of the study show that developers have a prominent role in the implementation of sustainable mobility in new city areas. Furthermore, the parking standards are identified as an important tool. The study illuminates the importance of measures for behavioral changes as well as planning for a targeted group
Gruman, Diana H. "Individual growth curve analysis of the effects of student mobility on measures of elementary school adjustment /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7715.
Full textKarlsson, Josefin, and Anna-Sara Törnberg. "Short-term parking demand - An empirical study conducted in Norrköping." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-130002.
Full textRahman, Promi, and Karolina Lazarz. "Shoulder Abduction and Flexion Movements Measured with the Force Range Monitor - A Validation Study." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297860.
Full textKhalil, Hanan. "An exploratory study of mobility-related outcome measures and an exercise intervention in people with Huntington's Disease (HD)." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/33705/.
Full textMullins, Mark Willard. "An analysis of the effect of involuntary mobility on student achievement as measured by the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4811.
Full textID: 030646251; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ed.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-113).
Ed.D.
Doctorate
Educational and Human Sciences
Education and Human Performance
Educational Leadership
Meyer, Roland [Verfasser]. "Antioxidant Activity Measured by Fluorescence Investigation of Antioxidant and Probe Structure as well as their Mobility and Position / Roland Meyer." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1035217228/34.
Full textZaidi, Syed Muhammad Zaier Abbas. "Mobility and safety evaluation of integrated dynamic merge and speed control strategies in work zones." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4613.
Full textID: 029050385; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.S.)--University of Central Florida, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 189-192).
M.S.
Masters
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Yeboah, Sam Kwabena Asamoah. "The Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on transportation in metropolitan cities and outlining measures that could help build resilience and sustainability: A Case Study – Bologna." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22461/.
Full textYeh, Chao-Fu. "Intermodalité et coûts des déplacements urbains dans les mégapoles. Les cas de Paris, Shanghai et Taipei." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00424046.
Full textNoël, Romain. "International Students Migrations : An analysis of the determinants of localisation and a measure of the economic impacts." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL12033.
Full textThis thesis investigates the determinants of the localisation of international students and international students. A comprehensive analysis focuses on the determinants of student migration to OECD countries. Using estimation methods present in the literature on international trade (Poisson regressions), it appears, in addition to traditional determinants of migration of workers, that the quality of education in the destination countries is a key determinant of student migrations. Furthermore, a network effect (diaspora effect), by qualification, has been demonstrated. An analysis of determinants applied to the French case confirms the results of the previous study and highlights a network effect by age and a strong sensitivity to the costs borne by students during their studies (rental prices…).This thesis also evaluates the macroeconomic impacts of student migration on the French economy through a computable general equilibrium model with overlapping generations. Educating international students represents a cost but this cost may be offset by an increase in the stock of human capital in the economy resulting in a larger growth rate of the GDP. However, the magnitude of gains depends on the size of the students flows and on the share of the students educated in France who will integrate the French labor market, once their studies are completed (retention rate). The students migrations also have an impact on the financing of French retirement system by modifying the inactive/active ratio
Gabriel, Oliver. "Der Einfluss der Hydrologie auf die Phosphor-Freisetzung und -Retention in einem teilvernässten Spreewald Polder." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16488.
Full textNatural wetlands effectively retain phosphorus. Agricultural cultivation and drainage by ditches transform them to phosphorus sources. In the Spree catchment, the Spreewald, a large scaled lowland has a strategic importance operating as a phosphorus sink or phosphorus source. Anyhow, knowledge of its phosphorus turnover processes and the phosphorus exchange behavior between the plain and the river and ditch network are marginal. Practicable approaches to reproduce the phosphorus exchange behavior in its typical polder areas are missing. Based on process investigations in a polder area with typical weir regulation, phosphorus retention and remobilization processes are characterized. Combining different model approaches (groundwater modeling, matter transport modeling and statistical models) and calculating process rates, the horizontal and vertical phosphor fluxes in the water soil/sediment transition zones are quantified. The outcomes are used as input data for a phosphorus balance model reproducing the phosphorus source and sink character of used and rewetted polder areas and for the whole polder in monthly time steps. Results from process and transport investigations point out that biogeochemical turnover processes and horizontal or vertical phosphorus transport are driven by hydrological and climatological conditions. Net phosphorus release found in the extensive used polder areas is counteracted by significant net phosphorus retention in the rewetted parts. Scenario analyses identify decreasing ditch water levels to cause a considerable increase of phosphorus emissions from the groundwater pathway. Consequently, the increasing phosphorus fluxes at decreasing water levels provoke a growing risk for eutrophication in the ditches but also in the downstream aquatic systems.
Lundwall, Jakob, and Simon Nyqvist. "Svenska kommuners hantering av parkeringsfrågan." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-230927.
Full textThe car has for a long time been a central part of people’s everyday life and many cities are constructed around the car. A lot of the municipalities nowadays want to reduce the use of the car and replace those journeys with other more environmentally friendly options as public transport and bicycles. They also often want to build cities that are denser and in doing that, parking spaces on the ground become a problem in attractive locations because they take up a lot of space.The purpose of this thesis is to describe how different municipalities deal with the parking issue in order to get a picture of how the issue is dealt with in Sweden. Most of the municipalities are now working with flexible parking numbers where the developer or real estate owner is given the opportunity to use mobility measures in order to reduce the amount of parking spaces they have to build. This system is relatively new and whereas most of the municipalities are planning to use this model, this thesis focuses on this matter.The current law that regulate parking derives from the eighties and at that time the general opinion about cars and the matter of parking might have differed from the general view today. There is no distinct guidance for how the municipalities should handle the parking issue since the law is open to interpretations and there are not many court cases that handle the matter.After studying 18 different municipalities it can be concluded that the longevity of the mobility measures can be questioned in some cases. This is because there can be uncertainties about how the measures actually affect the demand of parking in the future. Therefore, it is important that the work with flexible parking numbers is to be evaluated and followed up. The municipalities can also learn from and help each other to get more cases where flexible parking numbers have been used to evaluate.Using flexible parking numbers applies with the current law as long as the municipalities start with fulfilling the need for parking spaces in the long term. If the parking number is to be lowered, measures that affects the need for parking spaces is to be performed, for example better public transport. There are however some cases where municipalities set lower parking numbers in order to reduce car journeys without actually influencing the demand for parking spaces.
Gonçalves, Luísa Carneiro Vasconcelos Basto. "Mobility and gait measure instruments for the hindlimb functional assessment of the dog." Doctoral thesis, 2017. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/105610.
Full textGonçalves, Luísa Carneiro Vasconcelos Basto. "Mobility and gait measure instruments for the hindlimb functional assessment of the dog." Tese, 2017. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/105610.
Full textPerchoux, Camille. "Accounting for residential and non-residential environments to measure contextual effects on health behavior : the case of recreational walking behavior." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14057.
Full textContexte : Les études portant sur les effets de l’environnement sur la santé ont essentiellement examiné les effets de l’environnement résidentiel. Cette approche a été critiquée pour son absence de prise en compte des environnements géographiques de vie non-résidentiels (c.-à-d. le travail, l’école, les lieux récréatifs et sociaux, etc.). Alors que la mobilité est un déterminant clé de l’exposition, peu d’études ont examiné les mobilités quotidiennes pour évaluer les effets du milieu sur la santé. Objectifs : L’objectif général de cette thèse est d’évaluer si la prise en compte des lieux d’activité dans lesquels les individus se déplacent et sont régulièrement exposés permet de mieux estimer l’impact de l’environnement sur la pratique de la marche récréative. Les objectifs spécifiques de la thèse sont : i) identifier les différents types de comportement spatiaux des individus vivants en région Île-de-France et leurs déterminants sociodémographiques ; ii) évaluer si l’exposition à des facteurs environnementaux facilitant la marche diffère en fonction de la définition géographique de la zone d’exposition et varie en fonction du niveau socio-économique et de la localisation de la résidence dans la région Île-de-France ; iii) évaluer les caractéristiques environnementales, résidentielles et non-résidentielles, associées à la pratique de la marche récréative. Méthodes : Trois études transversales ont été conduites sur la seconde vague de la Cohorte RECORD (Residential Environment and CORonary heart Disease). Les lieux d’activité réguliers des participants, ainsi que la délimitation de leur quartier résidentiel perçu ont été collectés grâce à l’application VERITAS (Visualization and Evaluation of Regular Individual Travel destinations and Activity Spaces). Résultats : La première étude a permis d’identifier une typologie des comportements de mobilité individuels caractérisés par : i) la taille de l’espace d’activité, ii) l’élongation de l’espace d’activité, iii) le centrage de l’espace d’activité sur le quartier de résidence, iv) le volume d’activités, et v) les types d’activités réalisées. Le statut socio-économique et la localisation de la résidence dans l’agglomération parisienne sont apparus comme de forts déterminants du comportement spatial. Les résultats de la deuxième étude montrent que l’exposition à des caractéristiques environnementales facilitant la marche diffère entre le quartier de résidence, le quartier résidentiel perçu, et l’espace d’activité. L’erreur de mesure liée à la seule prise en compte de mesures d’exposition résidentielle varie en fonction des groupes socio-économiques et des degrés d’urbanisation de la résidence dans la région Île-de-France. Dans la troisième étude, une densité de destinations élevée, la présence de lacs ou de voies d’eau et un niveau d’éducation élevé du quartier sont associés à une augmentation de la pratique de la marche récréative. Enfin, cette étude montre une forte influence des caractéristiques environnementales autour de la résidence et des lieux d’activité récréatifs sur la pratique de la marche récréative. Conclusion : Cette thèse souligne l’importance de prendre en compte les environnements géographiques de vie résidentiels et non-résidentiels pour i) mieux approximer l’exposition environnementale réelle, ii) évaluer les effets de l’environnement sur les comportements de santé. Afin d’approfondir les mécanismes par lesquels l’environnement influence la pratique de l’activité physique, il apparait pertinent d’examiner conjointement où les individus se déplacent, mais également ce que les individus font, en termes de types d’activité et de contraintes liées aux activités réalisées. Identifier quels lieux d’activité ont le plus d’influence sur la pratique de l’activité physique contribue à cibler des contextes géographiques prioritaires pour les interventions en promotion de la santé.
Background: Previous studies on place effect on health focused on the residential neighborhood. This approach was criticized for not considering non-residential geographic life environments. While mobility is a key determinant of exposure, few studies accounted for daily mobility to evaluate environmental effects on health. Purpose: The overarching aim of this dissertation is to estimate whether accounting for people’s network of activity places and their resulting exposure allows improving the understanding of environmental influences on recreational walking behavior. The specific objectives are: i) to identify types of spatial behavior of individuals living in the Ile-de-France region and their socio-demographic correlates; ii) to assess whether the exposure to supportive walking environments differs depending on the geographic definition of the exposure area and varies by the socioeconomic status and the degree of urbanicity; iii) to evaluate which residential and non-residential neighborhood characteristics are associated with recreational walking. Methods: Three cross sectional studies were conducted on the second wave of the RECORD Cohort Study (Residential Environment and CORonary heart Disease). Information on participants’ regular activity places and perceived residential neighborhood were collected through the VERITAS application (Visualization and Evaluation of Regular Individual Travel destinations and Activity Spaces). Result: In the first study, I identified a typology of individuals’ patterns of mobility characterized by: i) the size of the activity space, ii) the elongation of the activity space, iii) the centering of the activity space on the residential neighborhood, iv) the volume of activity, and v) the type of activity performed. The individual-level socio-economic status and degree of urbanicity of the place of residence in the Ile-de-France region are strong determinants of individuals’ spatial behavior. Results from the second study provide evidence that exposure to environmental characteristics supportive to walking highly differs between the residential neighborhood, the perceived residential neighborhood and the activity space. The measurement error resulting from the sole use of residential measures of exposure varies among SES groups and among categories of the degree of urbanicity of the residence. In the third empirical study a high density of destinations, the presence of a lake or waterway, and a high neighborhood education are associated with recreational walking. Finally, this study provides evidence of a strong influence of the environmental condition around the home and the recreational activity locations on the practice of recreational walking. Conclusion: This dissertation strengthen the conceptual grounds and empirical evidence that accounting for both residential and non-residential geographical environments individual get exposed is required to i) better proxy the true environmental exposure, ii) estimate environmental influences on health behaviors. In order to investigate the mechanisms through which environmental exposure influence physical activity, it is relevant to examine where people go, and what people actually do in terms of type of activity and constraints related to the activity performed. Identifying which activity places is most influential on physical activity informs on the geographical contexts health promotion interventions should target.
Abad, Crespo Lorena Cristina. "Validating a bike network analysis score based on open data as a connectivity measure of urban cycling infrastructure adapted for European Cities." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/67511.
Full textCycling has been considered a viable option to generate a modal shift from fossil dependent transportation modes. In this framework, measurements and tools that aid connected bicycle infrastructure planning have been developed. This is the case of the Bicycle Network Analysis score, a connectivity measure adapted for the U.S. It is based on the Levels of Traffic Stress methodology and computed mainly with OpenStreetMap data. Its aim is to quantify how well the low-stress bicycle network in a city connects people with the places they want to go. For this research, the BNA open source tool is adapted to a European context to validate its ability of quantifying low-stress connectivity. Three core elements are evaluated: stress network, destinations, and the overall score itself. They are related to cycling behaviors from two validation data sources: travel to work data in England and Wales, and crowdsourced bicycle trip routes in The Netherlands. The results indicate that in England and Wales, there is a significantly higher percentage of bicycle trips performed between origin-destination pairs with a low-stress connection between them. Additionally, a positive correlation is found between the percentage of bicycle trips within a city and its overall BNA score. In the Dutch case, the destinations core element is evaluated, determining that the destinations contemplated in the BNA score calculation are also among the highly frequented by cyclists. However, their importance within the score computation might require adjustments. Although a comprehensive validation cannot be achieved due to data limitations, evidence that providing low-stress connections between origins and destinations relates to bicycle commuting in cities is found. Therefore, special attention should be given to those measures that can greatly benefit the decision-making process when planning for sustainable cities.
Souza, Pétilin Assis Azevedo de. "People-centered urban measures towards sustainable mobility." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/61648.
Full textThe challenges resulting from urbanization growth lead to a continuous need for innovation, regarding a wide approach of sustainable development, when both planning and managing the cities. Once the transportation sector is one with the largest impacts concerning pollutants and greenhouse gases emissions, it is peremptory that governments consider this sector as a target to work in order to achieve the global decarbonization goals set by 2030 Agenda. Therefore, the importance to act in the cities, concerning climate changes, implies a creative capability of interdisciplinary technicians to develop feasible methods to guide governments and citizens towards sustainable solutions of urban planning applied in short periods for long-term changes. The Municipal Council of Braga, a city in the north of Portugal, launched in 2018 the project BUILD – Braga Urban Innovation Laboratory Demonstrator, which is a Living Lab that intended to promote the city decarbonization. To achieve a behavioral change allowing a transition towards sustainable mobility, through a collaborative and co-created model between interdisciplinary technical team and stakeholders, a diverse range of activities with a people-centered approach was developed. For instance workshops, in which playful participatory processes and participatory mapping were applied. The format of the workshops was defined according to the stakeholder, namely the scholar community, the residents and general city-users of BUILD area. The workshops aimed at the development of an intervention in the public space, while simultaneously spreading and promoting the concepts of sustainable urban mobility and tactical urbanism among the citizens. Since it is a concrete and achievable solution applied in short periods, tactical urbanism represented an efficient method to develop actions of public participation regarding the city planning. At the same time it highlighted the importance of a cohesive and continuous action of population’s engagement. Furthermore, the promotion of sustainable mobility in a participatory model enables the construction and production of more live and inspiring cities, contributing, simultaneously, to tackle the causes of climate change and to improve urban life quality.
Os desafios resultantes do crescimento da urbanização impulsionam uma contínua necessidade de inovação, tanto no planeamento quanto na gestão das cidades rumo ao desenvolvimento sustentável. Uma vez que o setor de transportes é um dos com maiores impactos nas emissões de poluentes e gases de efeito estufa, é perentório que os governos considerem este setor como um alvo a ser trabalhado de forma a atingir as metas globais de descarbonização estabelecidas pela Agenda 2030. Portanto, para atuar nas cidades, no que diz respeito às mudanças climáticas, é necessário desenvolver métodos viáveis que orientem governos e cidadãos em busca de soluções sustentáveis de planeamento urbano. A Câmara Municipal de Braga, cidade do norte de Portugal, lançou em 2018 o projeto BUILD - Braga Urban Innovation Laboratory Demonstrator, que é um Living Lab que pretende promover a descarbonização da cidade. Para alcançar uma mudança comportamental que permita uma transição para a mobilidade sustentável, foram desenvolvidas diversas atividades com uma abordagem centrada nas pessoas. Por exemplo, oficinas, nas quais foram aplicados processos participativos lúdicos e mapeamento participativo. O formato das oficinas foi definido de acordo com o público-alvo, nomeadamente a comunidade escolar, os residentes e cidadãos em geral que utilizam a área BUILD. As oficinas visaram o desenvolvimento de uma intervenção no espaço público, ao mesmo tempo em que disseminaram e promoveram os conceitos de mobilidade urbana sustentável e urbanismo tático entre os cidadãos. Por se tratar de uma solução concreta e realizável, aplicada a curto prazo, o urbanismo tático representou um método eficiente para desenvolver ações de participação pública em relação ao planeamento da cidade. Ao mesmo tempo, destacou a importância de uma ação coesa e contínua de engajamento da população. Além disso, a promoção da mobilidade sustentável em um modelo participativo possibilita a construção e a produção de cidades mais vivas e inspiradoras, contribuindo, simultaneamente, para combater as causas das mudanças climáticas e melhorar a qualidade de vida urbana.
Aparício, Daniel Ferreira. "Impact of Multiple Sclerosis on Participation." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/82657.
Full textA Esclerose Múltipla é uma doença neurológica crónica que afeta cerca de 2.5 milhões de pessoas no mundo e causa dor, dificuldades de mobilidade e perdas cognitivas que podem ter impacto no bem-estar dos doentes. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar e clarificar o impacto da esclerose múltipla em situações de vida diárias, fadiga e independência.Métodos: A amostra incluiu 42 sujeitos, 24 mulheres e 18 homens e com uma idade mínima de 22 anos, idade máxima de 64 anos e uma média de idades de 45 anos. Os critérios de inclusão foram ter Esclerose Múltipla diagnosticada há mais de 2 anos, ser capaz de ler e escrever na língua portuguesa e a ausência de patologias traumáticas, ortopédicas, reumáticas ou vasculares ou outras que afetam a mobilidade, bem como comorbilidades funcionais ou estruturais do foro neurológico.Para medir o nível de participação foi usada o Perfil de Atividades e Participação relacionado com a mobilidade, para medir o estadio de doença foi usada a Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Esta duas escalas foram as mais usadas no estudo, onde se usaram também a Medida de Independência Funcional e a Escala de Impacto de Fadiga Modificada. Dada a distribuição de diferentes variáveis foram usados quer testes paramétricos quer testes não-paramétricos.Resultados: Não houve evidência estatística para o efeito da idade ou do género na EDSS, APPM ou Fadiga; Houve uma correlação positiva significativa e predição da EDSS na APPM; Houve uma correlação negativa significativa entre a EDSS e o score da Medida de Independência Funcional.Conclusões: Os resultados mostraram que a EDSS prediz os níveis de participação e que quanto mais avançada está a doença menor é a independência dos doentes. Este estudo concluiu também que o estadio de doença da Esclerose Múltipla é mais relevante do que os anos de doença no que diz respeito à predição dos níveis de participação. O estudo mostrou também que não há efeito do género no avançar da doença ou nos níveis de participação.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological chronic disease that affects around 2.5 million people world-wide and causes pain, mobility difficulties and cognitive losses that may have impact on patient’s well-being. This study’s objective is to evaluate and clarify the impact of multiple sclerosis on daily life situations, fatigue and independence.Methods: The sample included 42 patients, 24 women and 18 men and with a minimum of 22 years of age, a maximum of 64 years and a mean age of 45 years. Inclusion criteria was having MS diagnosis for more than 2 years, being able to read and write Portuguese and the absence of traumatic, orthopedic, rheumatic, vascular pathologies or others which affects mobility or other functional or structural neurological comorbidities.To measure the level of participation it was used the Activities and Participation Profile related to Mobility (APPM) questionnaire, to measure the disease stage it was used the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). These were the two scales mainly used in this study. The Functional Independence Measure was used to assess the degree of independence and the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale was used to evaluate fatigue impact. Regarding the distribution of the different variables, either parametric or non-parametric tests were used.Results: There was no statistical evidence for age or gender’s effect on EDSS, APPM or fatigue; There was a significant positive correlation and prediction of EDSS on APPM; There was a significant negative correlation between EDSS and Functional Independence Measure score.Conclusions: The results shown that EDSS predicts participation levels and that the more advanced disease stage the less is patients’ independence is. This study also concluded that the stage of MS disease is more relevant than the years of disease with respect to the prediction of participation levels. This study also showed that there is no effect of gender on the advance of the disease stage or participation levels.
Ma, Ying-Yu, and 馬迎煜. "Electron Mobility of P3HT:PCBM Blend Film Measured by Time of Flight Experiment." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08595094229784381866.
Full text國立臺灣大學
高分子科學與工程學研究所
96
Films fabricated by spin-cast technique are used in organic polymer solar cell and polymer light emitting diode. The thickness of spin-cast film could be controlled below 300 nm. In the vertical carrier mobility measured by time of flight, we used drop-cast method to fabricate thick films (several micrometer) that light penetration depth is less than the total thickness of the film. However, the morphologies of the films by spin-cast and by drop-cast are different. The different morphologies would affect the charge carrier mobility. In order to measure the real films used in polymer solar cell and polymer light emitting diode, the charge generation layer is deposited on Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) glass, and the films are fabricated by spin-cast on the charge generation layer. In this work, the different weight ratio of P3HT:PCBM is dissolved in chlorobenzene, and these films are fabricated by drop-cast and spin-cast. The vertical charge carrier mobility of these different film processes are measured by time of flight technique. The results show the vertical electron mobility which film is fabricated by spin-cast is about two orders of magnitude lager than the film fabricated by drop-cast. As the result,
Ma, Ying-Yu. "Electron Mobility of P3HT:PCBM Blend Film Measured by Time of Flight Experiment." 2008. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-0607200811540200.
Full text曾文彥. "Mobility of a-IGZO Thin Film with Distinct Surface Coating Measured by Transport measurement." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86362715919990936557.
Full text國立交通大學
物理研究所
99
IGZO is a newly developed transparent conducting oxide with higher carrier mobility than traditional materials. In this study, the Hall mobility of distinct surface capping a-IGZO thin films is discussed. The electrical properties of a-IGZO thin films with sheet capping and island capping of calcium were measured, respectively the a-IGZO thin films without surface coating were used as the control group. The resistivity and Hall measurements were undertaken using van der Pauw method. The resistivity (ρ), carrier concentration (n), and Hall mobility (μ) were then calculated from a-IGZO thin films with different types of surface coating. The carrier concentration increases in the thin film with surface coating of calcium. However, the Hall mobility is not improved as predicted.
Markt, Jonathan Kenneth. "Evaluation of the safety and mobility impacts of a proposed speed harmonization system : the Interstate 35 case study." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-12-4717.
Full texttext
Lall, Manoj. "Selection of mobile agent systems based on mobility, communication and security aspects." Diss., 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2397.
Full textTheoretical Computing
M. Sc. (Computer Science)
Pillay, Zoe. "Measures to improve retention of nurses in a KwaZulu-Natal hospital : nurse managers' views." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23589.
Full textHealth Studies
M. A. (Nursing Science)