Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mobilités urbaines – Environnement'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 25 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Mobilités urbaines – Environnement.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Menin, Aline. "eSTIMe : un environnement de visualisation pour l'analyse multi-points de vue des mobilités quotidiennes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALS010.
Full textThe research field of urban mobility aims at the observation and design of human trips within an urban environment, which information supports decision-making and problem solving within public policies. In this context, there are many experts -- not necessarily transportation specialists -- that need to handle more or less standardized urban data to extract synthetic and easily exploitable knowledge. Hence, public transportation agencies commonly conduct trip-based surveys to collect information about day-to-day travel of the population within a particular territory (i.e. where and when we travel), resulting in large and complex datasets which analysis requires crossing spatial, temporal, thematic and socioeconomic dimensions to enable discoveries of daily urban mobility patterns. This way, information visualization is a suitable approach to support the analysis of urban mobility data, since analysts do not have to learn sophisticated methods to interpret the data visualizations that come to reinforce their cognition and enable the discovery of unstructured insights within the data.Thereby, we propose a visualization framework to assist the analysis of urban mobility through indicators describing complementary objects of interest within the data that allow to address three categories of questions underlying the urban mobility phenomenon. A first question seeks to understand the daily traveling routine of a population and the resulting processes of exchange between places, which can be studied through the exploration of amounts, modalities, direction, and variation of travel flows and trips according to different socioeconomic aspects of individuals and land types. A second questioning concerns the temporal variation of population presence throughout a territory, which allows to understand the use of distinct locations by taking into account the socioeconomic characteristics of the people visiting it and the activities they carry out there. The third question seeks to explain the individuals' need of traveling by studying the temporal ordering of trips and activities of individuals (i.e. daily trajectories) within the spatial context of the territory.Our framework supports the derivation and visual exploration of indicators describing the territory, travel flows and trips, and daily trajectories, over multiple spatio-temporal resolutions and thematic attributes. Our visualization interface allows to disperse visual representations over multiple analytical displays, enabling users to customize the spatial arrangement of visualizations and indicators in meaningful ways according to the ongoing analysis. Furthermore, we propose a movement-based interaction based on the tilting of a tablet that allows to explore the temporal variation of indicators leveraging tactile and tangible input. The conception of our visualization approach followed an interactive evaluation process that consists of successive user-based evaluations aiming to refine a prototype in order to achieve user performance and satisfaction
Omrani, Hichem. "Développement d'une méthode et d'un outil d'aide à l'évaluation : application à la mobilité urbaine." Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1717.
Full textThese works problem consists in evaluating projects of transport starting from a set of criteria having different degrees of importance, in interaction and evaluated by heterogeneous sources of information (experts, surveys, sensors, model etc). The collected data are generally sullied with uncertainty and inaccuracy. To solve this problem of projects evaluation related to transportation, we propose a hybrid approach entitled HA4IA (Hybrid Approach for Impacts Assessment). It is based on the theory of the multi criteria analysis, fuzzy logic and belief theory. These theoretical frameworks present a favourable framework for the management of the vague and uncertain data. We propose also a tool (DeSSIA), based on the proposed approach. The approach was applied for several projects of transport implemented (in La Rochelle - France) within the framework of a European project (SUCCESS under CIVITAS program). The developed tool is based on a data-processing environment open source (R, PHP, Mapserver, Mapscript, Jpgraph, XHTML, Ajax etc). It makes it possible to evaluate various impacts related to urban mobility. The results of evaluation can be represented in the form of graphs (using the techniques of chart) or of maps (traffic, pollution, acoustics). The cartography makes it possible to represent the space-time distribution of the impacts presenting an additional geo-space tool of evaluation aid
Seppecher, Manon. "Mining call detail records to reconstruct global urban mobility patterns for large scale emissions calculation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LYSET002.
Full textRoad traffic contributes significantly to atmospheric emissions in urban areas, a major issue in the fight against climate change. Therefore, joint monitoring of road traffic and related emissions is essential for urban public decision-making. And beyond this kind of procedure, public authorities need methods for evaluating transport policies according to environmental criteria.Coupling traffic models with traffic-related emission models is a suitable response to this need. However, integrating this solution into decision support tools requires a refined and dynamic char-acterization of urban mobility. Cell phone data, particularly Call Detail Records, are an interesting alternative to traditional data to estimate this mobility. They are rich, massive, and available worldwide. However, their use in literature for systematic traffic characterization has remained limited. It is due to low spatial resolution and temporal sampling rates sensitive to communication behaviors.This Ph.D. thesis investigates the estimation of traffic variables necessary for calculating air emis-sions (total distances traveled and average traffic speeds) from such data, despite their biases. The first significant contribution is to articulate methods of classification of individuals with two distinct approaches of mobility reconstruction. A second contribution is developing a method for estimating traffic speeds based on the fusion of large amounts of travel data. Finally, we present a complete methodological process of modeling and data processing. It relates the methods proposed in this thesis coherently
Pouyanne, Guillaume. "Forme Urbaine et Mobilité Quotidienne." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00071608.
Full textIraqi, Mehdi. "Approches théoriques pour une optimisation géométrique des formes urbaines : vers un aménagement fractal de la ville." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCC027/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to establish a urban structure that optimizes inhabitant's preferences. In other words, we want to find out which city shape answers the best the residents' aspirations, according to their consumption preferences for urban and green amenities. By considering a theoretical field of study and by characterizing the population by a Cobb-Douglas behavioral pattern, we will build step by step a city, assuming successive arrivais of new individuals, in order to find out which geometric shape gives the most suitable answer. The final goal of this thesis is there to suggest a city with a fractal shape as an appro- priate answer to the resident's expectations. We will show that this structure provides indeed both a balance between accesses to urban amenities and accesses to green amenities and a balance between amenities and budget, with an effective distance compensation that satisfies the overall exigencies of the city
Francois, Cyrille. "Évaluation environnementale stratégique de la mobilité quotidienne des personnes d’une aire urbaine : couplage entre Modèle Transport-Urbanisme et Analyse de Cycle de Vie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSET002.
Full textBy considering social, spatial and technological dimensions of people’s daily mobility, this thesis aims to develop an original environmental assessment method. In the recent years, passenger travel, as well as freight transportation, have grown significantly. Car is now the predominant mode of passenger transport and its impacts on environment, land-use planning, lifestyle and economy are well documented and at the centre of heated academic and political debates. The environmental assessment of peoples’ daily mobility requires an integrated approach to account for the transport system, but also the urban system in which it operates. In order to achieve this, this thesis introduces a method coupling two tools developed in two distinct scientific fields - land-use planning and environmental sciences: on the one hand, Land-Use and Transport Interaction models (LUTI) and, on the other hand, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methods. Together, these tools can account for both technological processes involved in daily mobility, as well as interactions among stakeholders and territories. Throughout this thesis, the chosen evaluation framework is a strategic one, meaning that mobility is assessed through global and local environmental indicators on a large territory for medium and long-term alternatives. We describe the global context and the general approach in the first section of the thesis. The second part describes the SIMBAD-LCA method, which involves the integration of the LUTI model SIMBAD with a LCA method, in order to assess environmental impacts of the daily mobility of inhabitants in the Lyon urban area. The third part aims to illustrate the evaluation capability of the method in two steps. First, through a multicriteria assessment executed on disaggregated objects such as households and territories. Then, contrasted scenarios are built to assess broad and diversified alternatives. Finally, using the SIMBAD-LCA method, effects of technological, urban form and socio-economic parameters on environmental impacts associated with daily mobility are compared and discussed
Baldisser, Emeric. "Environnement de réalité augmentée pour la conception, la gestion et la maintenance d’ouvrages et de mobiliers urbains." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0027/document.
Full textIn the public construction field, surveyors have to manipulate sophisticatedinstruments and maps to design CAD and GIS sketches describing geolocated facilities tobuild on worksite. Geolocation and design inaccuracies happen during these steps and leadto false technical maps. This Ph.D. thesis explains our research works made on behalf ofSIG-IMAGE Company. We first identify origins of inaccuracies during survey, then wepropose a new and optimized survey method that improves CAD and GIS accuracy on field.We explain to what extend Augmented Reality is able to improve technical mapsinterpretation and edition. We present, evaluate and criticize a prototype that couples atangible AR environment with a laser range finder. It allows one to draw technical sketcheson a 2D tangible real time view of worksites. Experiments have proven that it does not satisfyFrench regulation in terms of accuracy when editing maps. However it is accurate enough todisplay and edit GIS information, as well as CAD maps in a very close area. We then exploreanother approach consisting of matching the scanner’s dense point cloud with the real time2D view of the worksite. We propose a synthesis of alignment practices between point cloudsand images of a same scene. Finally we have chosen to explore 2D-2D registration so thatinteractions in our AR system would be based on the point cloud pre-processed discreterepresentation of the worksite. These interactions will be geolocated and will follow thePicking-Outlining-Annotating paradigm
Rynning, Maja karoline. "Towards a Zero-Emission Urban Mobility Urban design as a mitigation strategy, harmonizing insights from research and practice." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAT0020/document.
Full textThe doctoral thesis explores how urban design can be a mobility-mitigation strategy to promote the use of zero-emission modes such as walking, cycling, and public transport. What is the potential contribution of neighbourhood-scale built-environment interventions towards a sustainable modal shift? The work explores the experience-based knowledge of urban design practitioners (urban planners and designers, architects, landscape architects) as a source for new insights, complementary to those of research. A mixed-methods approach was employed in France and in Norway, consisting of workshops, interviews, and a survey. The results were crossed with findings from research and design literature, analyzed from an interdisciplinary, holistic perspective. The results show that achieving a permanent modal shift requires the use of zero-emission choices to be both possible and pleasurable. The influence of urban design is likely most significant during trips, when a person moves through a city and its public spaces. Interactions with the neighbourhood-scale built environment influences overall travel satisfaction, and the remembered trip experience matters for future modal choices. Modal choices are highly individual; people’s barriers for a zero-emission choice vary. Urban design interventions can help lower these, through bigger or smaller measures
Rocci, Anaïs. "De l'automobilité à la multimodalité ? : analyse sociologique des freins et leviers au changement de comportements vers une réduction de l'usage de la voiture : le cas de la région parisienne et perspective internationale." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00194390.
Full textBulteau, Julie. "La mobilité durable en zone urbaine : efficacité et perspectives des politiques d'environnement." Phd thesis, Nantes, 2009. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=d3dbb26b-b715-47f7-a8d9-60b3c23823a6.
Full textThis research deals with economic policies of sustainable urban transport for travellers. The interest lies in the use of environmental economics instruments and their application to transport economics. The main aim of this work is to compare urban toll with tradable emissions permits system. The first part presents the literature and the second describes the development of microeconomic models. In the first approach, I assess the efficiency, experiments, modelling relevance of both tools, and I compare their results. The purpose of the first part is to establish if a tool is better at obtaining sustainable mobility than the other. From a theoretical point of view, no instrument is better than the other. The second part focuses on modelling. I adjust the standard traffic bottleneck model in order to better adapt the urban toll to the theme of sustainable transport. I add two extensions: the car’s environmental cost and a modal policy to encourage modal split. I then develop a new tradable emissions permits system for urban motorists. Analytical and numerical model’s results show both instruments feasibility and efficiency. Important variables in the models must be taken into account: the value of time, the fixed costs of collective transport and environmental knowledge. These variables will indeed impact on the tools’ success
Bulteau, Julie. "La mobilité durable en zone urbaine : efficacité et perspectives des politiques d'environnement." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00589001.
Full textOppenchaim, Nicolas. "Mobilité quotidienne, socialisation et ségrégation : une analyse à partir des manières d'habiter des adolescents de Zones Urbaines Sensibles." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00715300.
Full textLe, Feon Samuel. "Evaluation environnementale des besoins de mobilité des grandes aires urbaines en France - Approche par Analyse de Cycle de Vie." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMSE0729/document.
Full textTransportation of goods and people is known as a key environmental impact contributor in a city. However, traditional impact assessment methodologies don’t consider environmental issues all over the life cycle. The cause of a trip is also rarely taken into account in an environmental assessment. This thesis aims at proposing a new impact assessment methodology that considers the influence of indirect emissions (using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology) and causes of trips on the environmental footprint. Two main hypotheses are settled at the beginning: the environmental impacts of mobility do not only occur during the use phase (the trip by itself) but all over its life cycle. Also the trip purposes may change the choice of way to travel and consequently affect environmental impacts. The global Functional Unit (FU) is “transport people and good in a French urban area during a year” and is divided in intermediate FU referring to each trip purposes, such as “allow commuter trips in a French urban area during a year”. The methodology was developed, tested and validated through a real case: the agglomeration of Saint-Etienne (France). During this phase, mobility territorial actors were met and real data provided that allows facing methodology to possible field limitations. This application case shows first results. First, it confirms importance to consider impacts all over the life cycle (17% of GHG emissions occur out of the use phase). Second, it shows significant differences of emissions by person.kilometer between trip purposes categories. Then a typology of urban area was proposed based on literature about travel determinants. Principal Component Analysis used on French big urban areas (more than 250 000 inhabitants) identified 5 classes. The methodology was applied to three of them (Bordeaux, Toulon and Valenciennes) using data from a standardized survey on households and mobility in order to compare them. It shows disparities on global results partly due to total annual travel distances. The trip purposes differentiation also shows important differences between urban areas. For each cause trip category and emission reduction potentials were calculated for each urban area by extrapolating differences for a pkm to the total annual distance for the trip. This can provide helpful information to deciders. Finally, the need to provide a multicriteria evaluation that is provided by LCA was committed. However methodological improvement would be necessary to better reflect local and regional impacts in LCA
Baltenneck, Nicolas. "Se mouvoir sans voir : incidences de l'environnement urbain sur la perception, la représentation mentale et le stress lors du déplacement de la personne aveugle." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00593859.
Full textLaurent, Sara. "Les effets de l’accessibilité et de la valorisation de l’expérience sur l’adoption de pratiques de mobilité douce : une étude empirique au sein des grands espaces urbains." Thesis, Université de Montpellier (2022-….), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMOND002.
Full textTo meet the environmental challenges in large urban areas, many public policies aim to reduce car use in favour of so-called soft mobility, shared mobility and active mobility. However, users individually and collectively resist these measures: they do not always have the capacity (accessibility problems) or the motivation (perceived value) to change their mobility practices. While marketing has been very interested in the creation of value by the user, perceived accessibility remains an understudied concept, yet it is a major factor in understanding which capabilities encourage changes in practices.This research explains the role of accessibility and the perceived value of the experience - made up of the value in use created at a meso scale, and the value of the context created at a micro scale - in changing mobility practices. A qualitative study with 12 experts involved in urban mobility issues and 10 users allowed us to propose a definition of the perceived accessibility and perceived value of soft mobility experiences. A quantitative study with a panel of 883 users then made it possible to operationalise the measurement scales and to test the hypotheses on the effects of accessibility and perceived value on changes in practices. The moderating role of past practices and distance to future practices is also studied with the help of more precise analyses on regular car users to engage them in shared mobility, and regular public transport users to engage them in active mobility.The results show the important role of relative accessibility on the change of practices of regular or non-regular car users, and of monomodal and multimodal users. This dimension of perceived accessibility refers to the overall perceived ease of pursuing a goal without effort. Conversely, different dimensions of value have a positive or negative influence on the change of practices, depending on the past practices of the users and the distance to future practices
Sanaâ, Kahena. "Emplacement, déplacement, replacement : poïétiques visuelles des corps urbains." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010575.
Full textThe objective of this dissertation is to explore the situations of the body in an urban environment as mediated via different angles, scales and positions. A personal artistic démarche of editing records, surveys, and scrutinizes the mobility of passers and bystanders; the result is an audio-visual record that tracks the tactics of evasion, the speedy rhythms of steps, the intersections of the trajectories and the polyphony that form the thread of daily life in the city. Taking as a point of departure my personal experience - a change of scene (déplacement) in the metropolis of Paris - I examine the disorientations between the rendering of the foreigner’s gaze and the construction of videographic and photographic images. From a methodological point of view, three concepts of variable geometry organize these concepts in states of dynamic imbrication: delocation (déplacement), location (emplacement) and relocation (replacement). The first movement, which corresponds to the lived experience of immersion into the city, treats the sense-based dimension of pedestrian practices. The second, which concerns perception, interrogates the gaze of the observer and of the investigator and of the poetic treatment of taped visual and sonic material. The third concept entails a change of the plastic regime where the artistic body is divided in two: oscillating between the filming and the filmed where ultimately the videographic scene becomes a performative scene. The theoretical framework is likewise divided in two. On the one hand, it is inspired by Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology, by Simmel’s microsociology and by contemporary urban anthropology. On the other hand, it consists of an evidencing of resonances between my own démarche and those of artists active in the 1960s and 1970s like the Situationists, Valie Export, Vito Aconci or Esther Ferrer, as well as more contemporaries like Isabelle Grosse, Valérie Jouve, Mark Lewis and Maïder Fortuné, who scrutinize the scenographies of the body and of its images
Francois, Cyrille. "Évaluation environnementale stratégique de la mobilité quotidienne des personnes d’une aire urbaine : couplage entre Modèle Transport-Urbanisme et Analyse de Cycle de Vie." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSET002/document.
Full textBy considering social, spatial and technological dimensions of people’s daily mobility, this thesis aims to develop an original environmental assessment method. In the recent years, passenger travel, as well as freight transportation, have grown significantly. Car is now the predominant mode of passenger transport and its impacts on environment, land-use planning, lifestyle and economy are well documented and at the centre of heated academic and political debates. The environmental assessment of peoples’ daily mobility requires an integrated approach to account for the transport system, but also the urban system in which it operates. In order to achieve this, this thesis introduces a method coupling two tools developed in two distinct scientific fields - land-use planning and environmental sciences: on the one hand, Land-Use and Transport Interaction models (LUTI) and, on the other hand, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methods. Together, these tools can account for both technological processes involved in daily mobility, as well as interactions among stakeholders and territories. Throughout this thesis, the chosen evaluation framework is a strategic one, meaning that mobility is assessed through global and local environmental indicators on a large territory for medium and long-term alternatives. We describe the global context and the general approach in the first section of the thesis. The second part describes the SIMBAD-LCA method, which involves the integration of the LUTI model SIMBAD with a LCA method, in order to assess environmental impacts of the daily mobility of inhabitants in the Lyon urban area. The third part aims to illustrate the evaluation capability of the method in two steps. First, through a multicriteria assessment executed on disaggregated objects such as households and territories. Then, contrasted scenarios are built to assess broad and diversified alternatives. Finally, using the SIMBAD-LCA method, effects of technological, urban form and socio-economic parameters on environmental impacts associated with daily mobility are compared and discussed
Ngoufo, donkeng Noëlle Edwige. "Vieillissement de matériaux hybrides composites biosourcés/métal sous sollicitations thermiques et hydriques. Application au développement de mobiliers urbains ultra légers et durables." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UBFCK019.
Full textIn the perspectives of the future city, the progressive use of autonomous vehicles seems to become unavoidable. The preparation of an adequate framework for the deployment of this future mobility represents an important issue. This requires revisiting the urban infrastructures of cities from the choice of material to the design, and to propose solutions based on mobile street furniture. Faced with this challenge, hybrid materials such fibre metal laminates (FML) present interesting characteristics. FML made of plant fibre composites are of particular interest to minimize their environmental impact. Thus, the objective of this thesis is to design and manufacture plant-fibre metal laminates and assess their mechanical performance and durability in view of their use for street furniture.Two families of hybrid materials are studied, namely steel/flax-epoxy and steel/flax-polypropylene. For the steel/flax-epoxy hybrid material, the influence of some aspects such as the composite/metal assembly method, the lamination of the composite layers, and the structuring of the hybrid was evaluated on the mechanical performances using three-point bending and impact tests. The structuring of the hybrid is the most influential parameter on the measured properties. The results also show that the developed hybrid solutions have superior properties when compared to most of the mono-material solutions generally used for street furniture.Hybrid steel/flax-polypropylene and flax/polypropylene composites were subjected to accelerated hydrothermal and thermal ageing. Hydrothermal ageing leads to a drop in the flexural and impact properties of the composite, as well as a degradation of the latter. For the hybrid, a real drop was only observed in the flexural properties. The composite of the hybrid also degrades, but the phenomenon is attenuated by the presence of the metallic layers. Thermal ageing leads to yellowing and embrittlement of the composite by thermo-oxidation. This results in a significant drop in the bending properties and impact of the composite over the long term. At the hybrid level, the interface is severely affected by aging; the metal is delaminated after less than two days of aging
Meite, Youssouf. "Gouvernance du transport urbain et mobilité durable dans le district d'Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG009/document.
Full textIn Abidjan, the supply of urban transport, dominated by small -scale units alongside modes of mass transit public company remains insufficient for a growing urban population. The urban transport system is characterized by low adapted and degraded infrastructure with a high level of air pollution. Analysis of transactional relationships among stakeholders highlights conflicts of jurisdiction in the governance of urban mobility. These conflicts, which constitute sources of blockage in the official regulation, lead to uncoordinated actions and give rise to the spontaneous creation of a parallel regulation (by the transport unions) in urban stations. Despite these constraints and limitations, this mobility can be part of a logic of sustainability and meet a social need for movement of people especially as it has development potential that only the willingness of all stakeholders can emerge
Hallier-Nader, Brigitte. "Les territoires de vie des 75 ans et plus à Paris : quel environnement urbain pour une qualité de vie durable ?" Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00693313.
Full textTapia, Villarreal Irving. "Urban form, demography and daily mobility forecasts : comparative analysis France-Mexico." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010040/document.
Full textIn the context of the Kyoto Protocol, France has set Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission reduction targets of 75% below 1990 levels by 2050. More recently, Mexico has set the objective to achieve a 50% reduction by 2050 with respect to the base year 2000. Since the transport sector in urban areas with approximately 1 million inhabitants accounts for most CO2 emissions and will continue to increase its share, we wanted to determine to what extent the experiences observed in cities from developed countries (peak travel, dissemination of new vehicle technologies) may be repeated in urban areas from developing nations. For this purpose, we focus on case studies in France (Paris and Lille) and Mexico (Juarez and Puebla). The first objective of this thesis was to identify the determinants of mobility on each urban region. The second objective was to apply the age-cohort model for the development of long-term travel demand forecasts in order to take into account changes in the population structure (ageing) and in travel behaviour. The last objective was to develop GHG emissions assessments from observed travel demand. The decline in mobility and the dissemination of new vehicle technologies in France led to a reduction in GHG emissions. However, these changes are not sufficient to achieve the GHG reduction targets. The case studies in Mexico show the inability to reverse the trend towards the increase of GHG emissions; therefore the reduction targets will be hardly achieved. The case of Mexico give us an overview of trends in emerging countries, which are very far from achieving sustainable development and will face a major challenge in the coming decades
Uppoor, Sandesh. "Understanding and Exploiting Mobility in Wireless Networks." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00912521.
Full textImerzoukene, Hassina. "La ville de Freiburg (Allemagne) face au développement durable : quelle place pour les mobilités des habitants des quartiers Vauban et Rieselfeld ?" Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG050.
Full textThis dissertation thesis presents a combined analysis of planning and transport policies in the city of Freiburg (Germany). The aim is to examine the evolving practices of the urban fabric and to grasp the multiple transformations of mobility systems from a sustainable development perspective. The research is based on quantitative and qualitative data from a survey conducted in the city. The research traces back the processes of transformation over the past few years in order to better understand current dynamics both from the point of view of the conflicts at stake and the compromises in practice. On the one hand, the study of the implementation modalities of urban sustainability policies highlights the existence of permanent negotiating spaces between competing actors. On the other hand, the refined analysis of the transport system and the daily mobility of the inhabitants of the "sustainable neighborhoods" of Vauban and Rieselfeld, which are usually considered as "models" in this matter, actually questions the scope of integrated local policies for urban development and mobility, in particular with regard to the place of the automobile and its alternatives
Carbonneau, Loiselle Mathilde. "Les enjeux de la marche en banlieue dans un contexte de vieillissement : proposition d’une stratégie pour rendre des environnements de faible densité plus favorables à la marche pour les personnes âgées." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24120.
Full textEnhancing walkability of public space for the elderly living in suburban areas often means intervening in environments that are of low density, where functions are highly segregated and where walking infrastructures are lacking in quality or simply don’t exist. While many studies have done the demonstration that high density, mix land use, and walking facilities tend to support the decision to walk among all ages, how can suburban public administrations plan fruitful interventions to support walking among the elderly? Based on available documentation, this study identifies the most relevant criteria to locate and shape interventions meant to enhance walkability of public spaces for the elderly living in existing suburbs. Based on these criteria, the study then proposes interventions for the specific suburban neighborhood of Cartier in Laval, Quebec, Canada. This second phase of the study involves mixed methods with semi-directed interviews, walking interviews and participatory workshops to validate and bring precision to the process and criteria identified in the previous stage of study. To enhance the walkability of public space for elderly living in suburban areas, the results of this study suggest that urban intervention should at first focus on removing obstacles to walking. They also suggest that accessibility to leisure destinations as well as attractiveness of the path are part of the most relevant criteria to consider. According to those findings, interventions planned to enhance walkability of suburbs towards the elderly should take into primary account preferences related to leisure and path attractiveness. In line with the results of several recent studies on the subject, the study also concludes to the importance of involving older people in intervention processes to increase the walkability of the suburbs.
Fortin-Lacasse, Katerine. "Environnement bâti et transport actif scolaire : le cas des écoles de proximité de la région de Montréal." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2893.
Full textPurpose The proportion of children actively commuting to school has decreased significantly but few studies have investigated factors that might affect school mobility. This research examines the influence of a wide range of factors (such as urban form characteristics, parent’s travel behaviours and parental perceptions) on school travel behaviour for children who live near school. Methods The Tracy McMillan’s conceptual framework of an elementary-aged child’s trip to school was used. We objectively measured environmental attributes of three urban neighbourhoods and three suburban neighbourhoods in Montreal metropolitan area. Data of the Groupe de recherche Ville et mobilité regarding children trips to school, parental perceptions and parents’ travel behaviours were analysed. Results A high proportion of children are actively commuting to school in the three urban neighbourhoods and in one suburban neighbourhood. Connectivity for pedestrians and cyclists and positive parental perception of school active transportation are positively associated with high proportion of walking and biking to school in these four neighbourhoods. Conclusion Suburban neighbourhoods support active transportation only for children whereas urban neighbourhoods support active transportation for children and parents. Attributes of built environment in urban neighbourhoods seem to have a positive effect on parental perceptions and behaviours regarding walking and biking for school trips.