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Academic literature on the topic 'Mobilité spatiale – Prévision'
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Journal articles on the topic "Mobilité spatiale – Prévision"
Rosental, Paul-André, and C. Lemercier. "Pays ruraux et découpage de l'espace : les réseaux migratoires dans la région lilloise au milieu du XIXe siècle ?" Population Vol. 55, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 691–725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/popu.p2000.55n4-5.0725.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Mobilité spatiale – Prévision"
Choutri, Amira. "Gestion des ressources et de la consommation énergétique dans les réseaux mobiles hétérogènes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV043/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to develop methods for a targeted and efficient management of users mobility in heterogeneous mobile networks. This network is characterized by the deployment of different types of cells (macro, micro, pico and/or femto). The massive deployment of small cells (pico and femto) provides a supplementary coverage and capacity to mobile networks, specially in dense areas. However, the resulting real-time constraints limit the offered QoS. Furthermore, for commercial and/or environmental reasons, the needs to reduce the energy consumed by mobile networks became reality. Thus, mobile operators have to find a good compromise between, on the one hand, the users velocity and the guaranteed QoS, and on the other hand, the cost of deployment of such networks. For that, in the context of users mobility management, we propose models for resource and energy consumption management of base stations. The first model aims at controlling resource sharing between clients of the mobile operators. Based on a mobility prediction of users, this model anticipates the resource management of a base station. The second model aims at reducing energy consumption of the network by managing mobile users assignment to detected cells. This allows a continuous control of consumed energy of base stations while offered QoS is guaranteed. Based on simulation of a real mobile network topology, the performances of proposed models are evaluated while considering different possible scenarios. They are compared to the performances of different strategies as the ones proposed in literature or adopted by current mobile operators
Dembele, Samba. "Dynamique socio-spatiale de la ville de Bamako et environs." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC038.
Full textThe fast growing African capital cities are facing several challenges. Perceived by rural people as a way to escape from their precarious livelihood, the capital cities remain the key destination for migrants coming from rural areas. This rural migration to capital cities is leading to disproportionate growth of these cities compare to other urban areas. Like other sub-Saharan countries, Mali is no exception to this phenomenon. Bamako the capital city of Mali is reported to accommodate 55.3% of the urban population of the country (INSTAT, 2009) whereas the underdeveloped secondary cities are less attractive to rural migrants. The aggregation of the bulk of equipment and national institutions of the country is one of the explanation to the phenomenon.The urbanisation process is then characterised by the continuing spatial spread-out of these cities. Over twenty eight years, the urban stain of Bamako has recorded an increase of 7290 ha including 17% growth in 1986 and 32% in 2014. Although several infrastructures have been developed over that period, the spatial enlargement was characterised by an outstanding expansion of the right-hand bank (of the River Niger) that hosts nowadays the bulk of Bamako population. Since a decade, the land reserves of neighbouring constituencies are officially used to fulfil the land needs of Bamako. This situation is compounded by the pursuit by urban population of land ownership, thus exacerbating the pressure on land resources of these constituencies.The depletion of the land reserves of Bamako is having an influence on the urbanisation of neighbouring constituencies. An analysis of the spatial dynamic of 4 nearest constituencies to Bamako viz. Baguineda, Sanankoroba, Siby and Dio-Gare shows that these areas were no more than villages before they start urbanising in 2000. From 1999 to 2006 the urban stains of these constituencies have recorded an average growth of 17%. The growth rate of 17% over seven years was quite sustained to reflect the way Bamako was encroaching on these constituencies. It is worth noting that the last important land reserves of Bamako were used between 1998 and 2000. This alarming spatial growth rate of the neighbouring constituencies begs for immediate measures. One of the solutions remains the shift towards the construction of high buildings. In Bamako cities, 51% of the households proved favourable to vertical buildings perceived as an opportunity to facilitate housing ownership.Indeed, the Malian capital city is facing several challenges including the access to appropriate housing, equipment, and urban services. The ongoing urbanisation programmes failed to fulfil the expectations of the great majority of households which ended up by finding their own adaptation strategy. The strategy consists of striving to save money in the view to acquire plots of land for housing. However the paradox of this situation is that it grows out of control to create conditions for high competition and dishonest businesses around land. Risk prone areas such as river beds, hill edges are more often invaded by household sin quest of ownership to housing though they have no access to urban services
Santi, Nina. "Prédiction des besoins pour la gestion de serveurs mobiles en périphérie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILB050.
Full textMulti-access Edge computing is an emerging paradigm within the Internet of Things (IoT) that complements Cloud computing. This paradigm proposes the implementation of computing servers located close to users, reducing the pressure and costs of local network infrastructure. This proximity to users is giving rise to new use cases, such as the deployment of mobile servers mounted on drones or robots, offering a cheaper, more energy-efficient and flexible alternative to fixed infrastructures for one-off or exceptional events. However, this approach also raises new challenges for the deployment and allocation of resources in terms of time and space, which are often battery-dependent.In this thesis, we propose predictive tools and algorithms for making decisions about the allocation of fixed and mobile resources, in terms of both time and space, within dynamic environments. We provide rich and reproducible datasets that reflect the heterogeneity inherent in Internet of Things (IoT) applications, while exhibiting a high rate of contention and interference. To achieve this, we are using the FIT-IoT Lab, an open testbed dedicated to the IoT, and we are making all the code available in an open manner. In addition, we have developed a tool for generating IoT traces in an automated and reproducible way. We use these datasets to train machine learning algorithms based on regression techniques to evaluate their ability to predict the throughput of IoT applications. In a similar approach, we have also trained and analysed a neural network of the temporal transformer type to predict several Quality of Service (QoS) metrics. In order to take into account the mobility of resources, we are generating IoT traces integrating mobile access points embedded in TurtleBot robots. These traces, which incorporate mobility, are used to validate and test a federated learning framework based on parsimonious temporal transformers. Finally, we propose a decentralised algorithm for predicting human population density by region, based on the use of a particle filter. We test and validate this algorithm using the Webots simulator in the context of servers embedded in robots, and the ns-3 simulator for the network part
Frémond, Maxime. "Une approche normative de l'aménagement au Luxembourg : évaluation par la simulation." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA1025/document.
Full textIn Luxembourg, daily mobility patterns of both cross-border workers and residents lead to a strong car dependance. This process encourages urban sprawl. Meanwhile the country is faced to increasing housing needs but has to reduce land consumption. Within this context, the main objective of this thesis is to throw light about the relation between residential growth patterns and daily mobility behaviors. In this way, a normative planning approach has been adopted. This approach proposes new planning norms for achieving a series of planning objectives. Quantitative rules are the tools used to apply the norms.Three steps has been done: i) conception of residential growth scenarios for 2030. By applying a fractal rule, we obtain realistic residential development patterns ; ii) spatial simulation of residential growth scenarios, with the MUP-City platform and iii) assessment of simulated spatial con¬gurations regarding both the spatial accessibility to rural and urban amenities (GIS calculations) and the sustainability of daily mobility behaviors (simulations with the MobiSim platform).In most of the scenarios, spatial accessibility to a various range of facilities (retails, services, green spaces, leisures and public transport stations) is increased compared to the initial state observed in 2010. Simulated daily mobility, by taking into account individual behaviors of agents in the model, con¬rms the interest of the proposed scenarios. The modal share of car use, which was 70% in 2010, decreases in all cases. It reaches 58% in 2030 for one scenario. Simultaneously, the distances and the time-budget of pedestrians strongly raise.This doctoral research shows the interest of a normative approach applied to spatial planning issues, particularly in terms of residential development. The results obtained also underline the interest of fractals for modelling urban forms, both at local (neighborhood, municipality) and global (urban region) scales
Issoupov, Vitali. "Proposition d'une procédure pour la simulation de l'effet d'un environnement spatial d'orbite basse sur des matériaux composites." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30074.
Full textChen, Guangshuo. "Human Habits Investigation : from Mobility Reconstruction to Mobile Traffic Prediction." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX026/document.
Full textThe understanding of human behaviors is a central question in multi-disciplinary research and has contributed to a wide range of applications. The ability to foresee human activities has essential implications in many aspects of cellular networks. In particular, the high availability of mobility prediction can enable various application scenarios such as location-based recommendation, home automation, and location-related data dissemination; the better understanding of mobile data traffic demand can help to improve the design of solutions for network load balancing, aiming at improving the quality of Internet-based mobile services. Although a large and growing body of literature has investigated the topic of predicting human mobility, there has been little discussion in anticipating mobile data traffic in cellular networks, especially in spatiotemporal view of individuals.For understanding human mobility, mobile phone datasets, consisting of Charging Data Records (CDRs), are a practical choice of human footprints because of the large-scale user populations and the vast diversity of individual movement patterns. The accuracy of mobility information granted by CDR depends on the network infrastructure and the frequency of user communication events. As cellular network deployment is highly irregular and interaction frequencies are typically low, CDR data is often characterized by spatial and temporal sparsity, which, in turn, can bias mobility analyses based on such data and cause the loss of whereabouts in individual trajectories.In this thesis, we present novel solutions of the reconstruction of individual trajectories and the prediction of individual mobile data traffic. Our contributions address the problems of (1) overcoming the incompleteness of mobility information for the use of mobile phone datasets and (2) predicting future mobile data traffic demand for the support of network management applications.First, we focus on the flaw of mobility information in mobile phone datasets. We report on an in-depth analysis of its effect on the measurement of individual mobility features and the completeness of individual trajectories. In particular, (1) we provide a confirmation of previous findings regarding the biases in mobility measurements caused by the temporal sparsity of CDR; (2) we evaluate the geographical shift caused by the mapping of user locations to cell towers and reveal the bias caused by the spatial sparsity of CDR; (3) we provide an empirical estimation of the data completeness of individual CDR-based trajectories. (4) we propose novel solutions of CDR completion to reconstruct incomplete. Our solutions leverage the nature of repetitive human movement patterns and the state-of-the-art data inference techniques and outperform previous approaches shown by data-driven simulations.Second, we address the prediction of mobile data traffic demands generated by individual mobile network subscribers. Building on trajectories completed by our developed solutions and data consumption histories extracted from a large-scale mobile phone dataset, (1) we investigate the limits of predictability by measuring the maximum predictability that any algorithm has potential to achieve and (2) we propose practical mobile data traffic prediction approaches that utilize the findings of the theoretical predictability analysis. Our theoretical analysis shows that it is theoretically possible to anticipate the individual demand with a typical accuracy of 75% despite the heterogeneity of users and with an improved accuracy of 80% using joint prediction with mobility information. Our practical based on machine learning techniques can achieve a typical accuracy of 65% and have a 1%~5% degree of improvement by considering individual whereabouts.In summary, the contributions mentioned above provide a step further towards supporting the use of mobile phone datasets and the management of network operators and their subscribers