Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mobilité de travail féminine'
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Jiang, Yijing. "Trajectoires migratoires et sociales des manucures chinoises en Île-de-France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0157.
Full textChinese labor migration to France since the late 1990s has been marked by a process of feminization, but also of proletarianization. This thesis studies this migratory phenomenon through the cases of women working in the manicure sector in Paris and in the Paris region, and traces the emergence and expansion of an ethnic and gendered economic niche in the 2010s. From two to three people in the nail care market at the beginning of 2000, these women have grown to around 1,500 workers in the Paris region fifteen years later. Their presence, initially concentrated in a single Parisian district, has spread widely to other French regions, and even to other European countries. How did this expansion come about? Why do these women -working in extremely precarious conditions- still join this professional activity on a massive scale? Why do these mostly undocumented workers cut themselves off from the relative security of the traditional networks of Parisian Chinese enclaves, which enable the non-French-speaking migrants to live and work, even if they are undocumented? The present research is based on a statistical and ethnographic survey conducted between 2014 and 2020 among Chinese women recently arrived alone in France. In addition to examining the macro-structural context -the influence of social-economic and political changes that explain the feminization of Chinese emigration- this thesis favors a case-study approach and proposes an analysis of the configurations of these women’s trajectories. The formulation of questions on the imagination about transnational labor mobility and about France enabled us to reconstruct the formation of the migratory project of 89 manicurists working in France. The survey also enabled us to draw up three profiles: “abandoned former state workers”, “mobile precarious workers” and “professional migrants”. This typology provides a parallel account of the three waves of migration that occurred in quick succession in the 2000s, and which accompanied the emergence of the professional manicure niche. The thesis shows the ambivalent character of the “ethnic enclave”, which acts as a “sas”, but in which these women find themselves subjected to moral and financial indebtedness, inducing a rather restrictive social control. Initially finding employment and housing through the traditional networks of Chinese emigration, structured by the region of origin (laoxiang 老乡), these women manage to extricate themselves from these relationships through manicuring, while fighting on their own against the administrative difficulties posed by their undocumented status. Over time, they have built up a new network of women from different parts of China, working for non-Chinese employers. They also train each other, using a horizontal training and mutual aid system known as shituzhi, a system of companionship between “sisters” (jiemei 姐妹) that ensures a place in a nail salon and a high level of mastery of nail techniques, which is supposed to respond to fashion, which is constantly changing. The nail technicians' housing, often downgraded compared to their standard of living before emigration, nevertheless ensures a form of freedom outside of the social rules in China (guanxi 关系), and their frugal but well-organized life enables them, outside the judgments of Chinese society, to prepare for a better situation on their return to China. Nevertheless, these undocumented immigrant women, who work in an irregular administrative situation, are exposed to exploitation as cheap workers in the manicure niche. The story of a high-profile strike led by these women and supported by French unions, which later ended in a court case with a wide spread of demands for professional and migrants rights, enables us to highlight the agentivity and inventiveness of these precarious workers
Arnoux-Nicolas, Caroline. "Sens du travail et mobilité professionnelle : [« La mobilité signifiante »]." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM1005.
Full textIn the context of uncertainty in our contemporary society, guidance issues relate more to those of the "meaning" (Bernaud, 2014). The nature of careers is modified, characterized by many changes and ruptures (Savickas and Pouyaud, in press). Despite the conceptualization and the measurement of the meaning of work being the subject of a growing scientific literature, little research has been conducted on its relationship with life events. This thesis aims to analyze the relationships between the meaning of work and career changes. The first part of our results is devoted to the validation of a psychometric instrument among French workers for assessing meaning of work (IST – Inventaire du Sens du Travail). The second part of overall results shows significant reciprocal links between the meaning of work and career changes, through three separate studies. An initial exploratory qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with administrative staff, aims to better understand how the individual constructs meaning after an employment change. In the framework of a second quantitative study conducted with 501 administrative staff working in French universities, hierarchical regression analyzes indicate that personality and subjective indicators of professional mobility explain respectively 17% and 21% of the variance of the meaning of work. These results specifically highlight the importance of the individual's perception of the experienced career change in the understanding of the meaning of work. A third quantitative study with a sample of 336 employees working in diversified professional fields, shows the influence of the meaning of work on withdrawal intentions, as well as the role of mediator of the meaning of work between job dissatisfaction factors and the withdrawal intentions. Based on our literature review and results, we propose a dynamic model of the meaning of work as well as a model of a “meaningful” career change, that is to say, in reciprocal interaction with the meaning of work
Jolivet, Grégory. "Mobilité volontaire et mobilité contrainte : étude des transitions entre emplois." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010008.
Full textKebiri, Yamina. "Identité de classe et identité féminine chez des femmes ouvrières spécialisées." Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090070.
Full textAntoun, Roger. "Mobilité et chômage." Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020035.
Full textGssime, Nadia. "La mobilité géographique du salarié." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010294.
Full textThe employees' geographic mobility-which, in this case, means the change(s) of the employees' workplace within the domestic territory -is a core issue of working relationships, both for the employees and for the employers. Despite the antiquity of such a concem, the applicable legal system has only be specifically defined from the 2000s. Nowadays, it has reached a certain level of maturity, which justifies its reconsideration and a thorough analysis, in order to pinpoint the principles that are eventually retained, their conditions of application, as well as the articulation between the various notions, and the predictable or expected evolutions. Geographic mobility law has been structured around the following assumption: the notion of workplace is relative, as employees are compelled to accept travelling from time to time. This axiom is the source of the concept of geographic area, of the difference between informative clause and sedentariness clause, of the employees' casual assignment system, of the reversibility clause, of the restrictions on the mobility clause, and -more simply -of the whole employees' geographic mobility system. Mainly issued by judges, it also originates from the negotiation between the parties to employment contracts, and -to a lesser extent -between the social partners. As for legislators, they only very recently have taken action, not to change or sanction the principles drawn by judges, but to implement two new systems created by a national interprofessional agreement
Cave, Olivier. "La mobilité européenne du travailleur temporaire." Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON10050.
Full textMartin-Schmitt, Danielle. "La Mobilité en milieu multiculturel." Metz, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003METZ002S.
Full textInternational organisations evolve in a context of economical and political competitiveness where they have to their economical and political environment in order to survive. Futhermore, they are concerned by the consequences of the budgetary restrictions carried out by most of the European governments which reach them through various but often common political ways. The effects of these constraints have appeared to encourage a more restrictive managerial approach at their level. These new orientations appear mainly through the political speech at its highest level and puts forward two new ideas : mobility and performance in the management of onternational organisations. In order to face this challenge, it is important to value the human potential within the Organisation which underlies the real management of the competences of its staff as well as allowing its mobility to be put into practice
Ponçon-Beffy, Magali. "Mobilité et dynamiques salariales sur le marché du travail français." Paris 1, 2008. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005067.
Full textDrouilleau, Félicie. "Parenté et domesticité féminine à Bogotá." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0476.
Full textThis doctoral thesis offers an analysis of the blood relationships and general kinship between Bogotá’s female house workers in the contemporary period. Through a field work in a closed residence in uptown Bogotá and 71 unstructured interviews and life stories, it aims at better understanding the impact of domestic service on those women’s family lives. In the first place I focused on the Bogotana maids’ marital and sexual habits. The assertion according to which a housemaid cannot afford a conjugal or sexual life has to be qualified for it seems to be trye only of the full-time employees living under the same roof as their employers for more than ten years. Most of the houseworkers I met had a sexual life, even when they were internas. And yet, their sexual habits and marital status do depend on both the migration from a rural to an urban area often necessitated by the houseworking system and the obligation to share the same place of abode with the employers. In a second place I studied Bogotá’s maids’ means to bypass material impediments and fulfill their role as mothers. I pointed out a process of maternal dispossession with the resident maids. They can adopt several strategies of resistance: either they rely on the circulation of children or they choose a daytime job. My last chapter is devoted to the issue of the children’s perception of this process leading to maternal dispossession
Touton, Edmée. "Le seuil et la faille : malaise d'une profession à dominante féminine : les infirmières et leurs implications professionnelles." Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA080890.
Full textThe research on the heltth-care system is the thesis'aim. The first part is an overview of other researches about the nurses'work in france (1992). The "institutional analysis", with the concept of involvement and his accountabilities will be my research's field. For the second part, i drew a "survey cum inventory" through twenty-one interviews (nurses, patients, doctors, managerial staff, teachers), without denying their " vulnerability" and perturbations infered by the research itself. (research diary). The third part sqhows some of the relations to power, knowledge, pleasure and pain, wich the health- care maintains or etablishes in the common place of every day work. I name this : "to last in the health's gap". At the threshold of the future, at the threshold of the patient's room, this profession female dominant get the power of his revolvement
Cerdin, Jean-Luc. "Mobilité internationale des cadres : adaptation et décision d'expatriation." Toulouse 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU10053.
Full textThe core of this research is the international adjustment of expatriates. The model of international adjustment designed by Black, Mendenhall and Oddou (1991) guides this research. The determinants of adjustment brought into focus by the authors are complemented in this work by other factors related to managers' decision as regards international mobility. French expatriates (n=293) placed in 44 countries filled in a questionnaire. Their responses enabled the testing of the hypotheses implicit in the theoretical model presented in this research here. The questionnaires were dispatched to expatriates thanks to the collaboration of about ten organisations. The results indicate that each of the three adjustment facets, i. E. General adjustment, interaction adjustment and work adjustment, despite common elements, is explained mainly by unique factors. Uncertainty theory is relevant to all facets. Adjustment, and particularly interaction adjustment, seems to hinge as well on managers' motivation to integrate. Lastly, the actual managers’ decision has an influence, especially on work adjustment. The conclusions of this research may be useful for the implementation of better recruitment of and training policies for potential expatriates
Nouveau, Cyril. "Mobilité volontaire et mobilité involontaire : une comparaison des marchés du travail en France et aux États-Unis." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010033.
Full textPoirel, Maylis. "Produire les usagers : analyse du travail quotidien des professionnels de la mobilité." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1046/document.
Full textIt is now essential for professionals in charge of the mobility services production to take into account their users. However, most of the time they work in the absence of users : in the case of classic services, the users are inaccessible, and in the case of emerging collaborative services such as carpooling, they don't exist yet. Professionals then use various devices, such as surveys, consultation, claims processing, communication, or information system, in order to represent the users in the different dimensions of the mobility services production. This thesis research relies on interactionist, sociotechnical and commmunication approaches in order to give a global understanding of the production of these various devices generally taken separately. The main argument is that the professionals build a fiction in which the users become characters: they go back and forth between staging interactions with the users and reflecting on them through storytelling.This research relies on a qualitative study with two mobility services producers in the Parisian region based on participant observation of work situations and semi-structured interviews with professionals. The first one is the regional Public Transport Authority in charge of the design and the operation of the regional public transport services. The second one is a short distance carpooling start-up launching an experiment in partnership with local authorities in the outer suburbs of the metropolitan area
Machane, Samyl. "La pratique de la mobilité internationale des salariés." Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON10009.
Full textSellem, Faouzi. "Statut résidentiel, mobilité et marché du travail : analyses empiriques et théoriques." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00753388.
Full textNajman, Boris. "Mobilité du travail et économie informelle en Russie et en Ukraine." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0131.
Full textKumlai, Jongkon. "Mobilité et inégalité salariales en Thaïlande." Bordeaux 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR40008.
Full textConcerns on the persistence of wage inequality have significantly rise in both political and academic circles. However, most of studies regarding to causes of wage inequality especially focus on a static aspect of the earnings distribution, and tend to ignore the wage dynamic ans structural consideration. This dissertation seeks to clarify the ambiguous relationship between the wage inequality and wage mobility in Thailand's urban labour market. The research's theme extension on inequality towards job dynamic calls for a methodological concern in order to specify the interaction between job structures and wage dynamics. On the conceptual level, the exclusive attention on the individual's characteristics side seems to be less satisfied in research on causes of wage inequality. This is the reason why we adopted the segmentation approach to distinguish the internal market from the external tier. On the empirical level, after having checked for the existing dual labour market using the panel socio-economic data, the next step shows the socioeconomic determinants of barriers to entry into well-paid jobs. The policies against poverty and inequality need to consider this dynamic of wage and job structures
Syed, Hélène. "Marché du travail européen, politique européenne de mobilité du travail et contribution d’une politique migratoire européenne rénovée." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL12020/document.
Full textThis thesis presents an analysis of the intra-European mobility of European workers and citizens and of third country nationals (TCNs), focusing on the issues of building a European labor market. We are mainly interested in the opportunity of a link between intra-European mobility policies for workers and the European migration policy. The first part of the thesis is predominantly analytical. It characterizes the current situation of the European Union, its mobility patterns, its migration systems and regimes as well as the articulation with its national labor markets. The European situation is compared to the leading immigration countries outside EU. This analysis is conducted with an ongoing effort to go beyond the aggregate data, which may hide important national differences between Member States, and even marked divergences. Using this analysis, the second part is devoted to a critical review of the current European public policies for the promotion of intra-EU mobility of workers, leading to recommendations. The third part combines theoretical and empirical approaches for studying three dimensions of intra-EU mobility. In the first chapter, the study of the determinants of foreign recruitment reveals some specific features of the firms recruiting abroad, beyond the characteristics of the jobs. In the second chapter, we show that the current version of the European blue card cannot be efficient: one of the main reasons for this inefficiency is the lack of articulation with expanded rights for intra-European mobility of holding a blue card. Finally, the study of student mobility confirms the cumulative nature of mobility and polarization of the most qualified
Simonnet, Véronique. "Déterminants et rentabilité de la mobilité sur le marché du travail : analyse théorique et empirique (Allemagne, Etat-Unis, France)." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010088.
Full textOur thesis focuses on the decision to dissolve a job match and its consequences. First, a theoretical and econometric model of the worker decision to leave his job is developed and estimated on german panel data (german socio-economic panel, 19841994). In this model, the worker mobility desire depends on his expressed job satisfaction and his past and present pecuniary and non-pecuniary job attributes. The worker's mobility desire is then estimated as the residual of a job satisfaction equation and used to predict his quit decision. The empirical evidence of the relationship between quit and job mobility desire allows to confirm job satisfaction model and the standard microeconomic mobility decision interpretation. Second, job mobility effects on wages have first been estimated on french retrospective data (enquete carriere, insee, 1989). Next, an original measure of job mobility effects on wages is proposed and estimated on german and american panel data (german socio-economic panel and national longitudinal survey of youth 1984-1993). We compare the quality of successive job matches. We retain a wage model in which error term is decomposed in three components : a fixed individual specific error term, a fixed job match specific error term and a random effect. Second, the quality of the job match is given by the estimated fixed job match specific error term. If the quality of the new job match or if the average quality of the new and the following job matches are better than the quality of the previous job, mobility enables the worker's transition to better jobs, then, job mobility effects on wages are positive
Pernigotti, Elisabetta. "Des problèmes et des remèdes, la désindustrialisation rurale et la précarisation féminine en France et en Italie." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070033.
Full textThe working conditions of the working class women is at the core of the present reorganisation of production, through the advancing precariousness and de-industrialization, which articulate the local and the international dimensions of the economy. Based on interviews with working-class women aged 35 and more, who live in rural areas where work in the industrial sector has become rare, in parallel to the expansion of personal services, this dissertation illustrates how gender and locality two fundamentally characterize these economic transformations and the women's access to employment This gender comparison between France and Italy studies the gendered construction of precariousness, analysed in continuity with the relationship to employment and to work, in the space between the market and the family. In this way, the local mutations are reflected in subjective transformations, specifically in the relationship to work activities. Behind gender, the multiplicity and variability of gender conflicts around the division of labour find themselves reduced to silence. Still, these divisions give us the impression that gender imposes itself as-if naturally, from the outside: from the family onto the market, from the market onto the family. The gendered market orchestrates the separations and divisions to which it owns its own legitimacy; in this cacophony, through capitalism, the difficulties in controlling one's own life lead to the suffering and the feelings of uncertainty connected with "becoming the working-class woman
Agard, Jean-Yves. "Ethnographie de la mobilité internationale : le cas d'une multinationale française." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05H002.
Full textFollowing an ethnographic investigation, this thesis proceeds to a dense description and to a critical analysis of professional international mobility. Based on "observation scales", this work exposes on a micro-social scale that the recently implemented international mobility policy is a marker of the organisation's transformation ("regulation of control" requests, originating from subordinates). On a micro-individual scale, the new expatriates are placed into ascending dynamics of professional qualification. Nevertheless, confronted with the reality of the new assignment, they will live the experience (descending dynamics) of "temporary social impotence", which is the consequence of the "social disqualification". This phenomenon will be analysed with the concept of "social capital". Furthermore, this work shows the inversion of the socialisation locations (family vs company). The company becomes a place of refuge, whereas the family and social life are perceived as unstable
Oueslati, Afifa. "L'activité de transposition professionnelle et didactique dans le travail de vulgarisatrices agricoles féminine en Tunisie." Thesis, Dijon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DIJOL030.
Full textWhile re-examining the concept of didactic transposition (DT) in a professional environment, we studied the work of female agricultural advisors in Tunisia. Two arguments are simultaneously defended. A) The limits of the concept of “didactic transposition” in analysing a work environment and the interest of the concept of “activity”. B) Women who act as agricultural advisors are creative workers rather than simple executants. We combined sociological, psychological, historical and cultural approaches, academic and vocational didactics, directly observing women in charge of agricultural extension, analysing interviews and documents, following the process of DT from the beginning to the end. We thus discovered that the process of DT only partly accounts for the reality of these women’s work, the analysis of their activity supplementing it. Transposition is not only didactic; it is also vocational and pragmatic. The prescriptive framework constitutes a referent for transposition; it also influences and constrains the women who are involved in agricultural extension. Transposition is the result of their activity which is socially, culturally and emotionally situated. We are thus better able to understand the diversity of the activities of transposition once they have been situated in a context and recognized in their individuality
Louzeau-Dumortier, Odile. "Approche stock-flux du marché du travail : marchés internes et mobilité intersectorielle." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100114.
Full textDupray, Arnaud. "Investissement en capital humain, information et mobilité sur le marché du travail : contribution à l'analyse de la mobilité professionnelle en France." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX24012.
Full textBonhomme, Stéphane. "Inégalité, mobilité et hétérogénéité sur le marché du travail : Contribution Empiriques et Méthodiques." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00163065.
Full textDans le deuxième chapitre nous étudions l'effet de la mobilité entre emplois sur les corrélations entre salaires et caractéristiques non salariales. Dans notre modèle, de fortes préférences pour ces caractéristiques ne se traduisent pas nécessairement en corrélations négatives si les frictions de mobilité sont importantes. Sur données européennes, nous estimons de fortes préférences pour certaines caractéristiques telles que le type de travail ou la sécurité de l'emploi, ainsi que des différentiels de salaires très faibles entre niveaux d'aménités.
Les chapitres 3 et 4 introduisent une méthode de modélisation de l'hétérogénéité inobservée : l'analyse en composantes indépendantes. Celle-ci diffère de l'analyse en composantes principales en ce que les facteurs ne sont pas supposés simplement non corrélés, mais statistiquement indépendants. Cette hypothèse permet d'identifier les facteurs de manière non ambigüe. Nous appliquons notre méthode à des données de salaires de l'éducation pour l'année 1995 en France. Nos résultats suggèrent une relation complexe et multidimensionnelle entre le niveau d'étude et son rendement sur le marché du travail.
Colombi, Denis. "Les usages de la mondialisation : mobilité internationale et marchés du travail en France." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0048/document.
Full textSince the 1980's, international mobility appears to be a significant tendency on french labor markets. At some time in their careers, more and more people become “expatriates”. In addition, the injunction to be “international” grow stronger in Higher Education, among labor markets and within a firm. In this dissertation, we study careers of highly qualified and qualified French migrants also known as “expatriates” in order to understand globalization and its effects on labor markets. These qualified migrants live between globalization’s elites and non-qualified migrants and assign value to what they call themselves “international”. By the means of biographical interviews and sequence data stemming from the Histoire de vie 2003 survey (Insee) and the Trajectoires et Origines 2008 survey, we argue that international mobility is a national phenomenon. People do not run away from France but are asked to become “international” by the labor markets’ rules, and, even when they are abroad, a lot of them still have “national careers”. “International careers” are better understood as a product of domestic labor markets transformations. Indeed, it is a way for some domestic actors to achieve domestic objectives: workers who want a (better) job, professionals who are seeking a juridiction, middle classes in struggle with upper classes. Thereby this dissertation is a contribution to the sociological analysis of careers, markets and social classes
Bonhomme, Stéphane. "Inégalité, mobilité et hétérogénéité sur le marché du travail : contributions empiriques et méthodologiques." Paris 1, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00163065.
Full textLefranc, Arnaud. "Chômage, mobilité et inégalités : étude comparée des marchés du travail français et américain." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0051.
Full textTabet, Cynthia. "Flux migratoires, mobilité de travail et transferts de fonds : le cas du Liban." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAE004.
Full textThe impact of remittances on the economies of developing countries is often at the center of discussions. At a macroeconomic level, the relationship between transfers and economic growth has been much debated and has generated several empirical studies classified under three main categories: develop mentalist thesis, deteriorates thesis and neutrality thesis. In this field, this thesis focuses on the current consequences of migration flows on the Lebanese economy, by the impact of the transfer flows that migrants make each year in various forms and for various reasons. Several objectives are realized in this thesis. First, we discussed the factual and theoretical aspects related to the characteristics of Lebanese migration and remittances of emigrant. We have been able to find that Lebanon exports its skilled and imports their remittances. Then, we focused on the debate among researchers about the impact of remittances on the Lebanese economy. We have also identified through an economic analysis the symptoms of Dutch Disease in Lebanon. In a first chapter, and in order to establish our study, we establish a second chapter that allowed us to master the issue of remittances (micro / macro determinants, transmission channels of remittances on growth, boomerang effect and Dutch disease). This chapter allowed us to proceed to the empirical evaluation of this literature review in the Lebanese case. The third chapter shows the place occupied by transfers in the balance of payments in Lebanon. It focuses on the development of an external equilibrium model. The tools of macro-econometric modeling have highlighted two main results. The first has shown that transfers generate a leaked effect to foreign products affirming the boomerang effect in the Lebanese case. The second result affirmed the altruistic nature of the emigrants towards their families. Finally, the fourth chapter examines the impact of remittances on the competitiveness of the Lebanese economy. We first introduced a theoretical model based on the fundamentals of the real exchange rate. Then we conducted an econometric analysis through the OLS and the GMM. The results showed that these flows generate the spending effect and resource movement effect toward nontrade sector. These effects suggest competition for the commercial sector and thus increasingly block economic growth. Thus, identifying and illustrating the many complexities and negative effects of remittances should encourage public authorities to take initiatives and to put in place sound productive policies.Key words: Remittances, migration flows, Lebanon, boomerang effect, Dutch disease, macro-econometric tools
Ezzeddine, Oussama. "Mobilité du travail, commerce international et économie géographique : applications empiriques à l’Union européenne." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40049/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis aims to explain the weakness of labour mobility in the European Union. In order to do so, we carried out an empirical study which focuses on the relationship between labour mobility and its determinants: salaries, GDP, unemployment rates, distance and international trade. Neither the complementarity observed between labour mobility and trade nor the other variables allow us to explain this weakness. Economic geography offers some explanations by studying the role of market potentials. We show that migrants do not follow market potentials, which provides an explanation to labour mobility weakness in the European Union
Renuy, Adeline. "Déterminants et rendements salariaux de la mobilité professionnelle sur le marché du travail français." Chambéry, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CHAML006.
Full textThe first part analyses the determinants of transitions between employment alternative jobs, inactivity and unemployment. We employ a proportional hazard model with random effects and data from the French Labour Force Survey for the period 2003 to 2005. We find evidence of significant duration dependence and unobserved heterogeneity. Personal, family and job characteristics are found to predict mobility behaviour. It is important to distinguish mobility by destination and gender in the hazard model in order to understand job separations. Mobility decisions are random processes. Using a stochastic frontier model indicates that wages for certain individuals may below the potential level because of the quality of job matches, and the wage gap influences mobility decisions. In the second part of the thesis, we estimate the returns to voluntary and involuntary job-to-job mobility in terms of earnings. Instrumental variables and an endogenous switching model are used to correct for endogeneity problems and selectivity. Men who change job voluntarily increase their earnings by 21,8% on average whereas women a less penalized by a period of unemployment or time out of the labour force. Men and women who change jobs voluntarily increase the earnings compared to those in their previous job. In addition to the effects on earnings levels, men who change job without a period of unemployment or inactivity reduce the gap between their actual and potential earnings – or their earnings inefficiency - compared to men who remain in the same job. Mobility thus increases efficiency. However if mobility involves a period without work, efficiency is reduced for workers of either sex
Van, Schingen Edith. "La mobilité professionnelle non-choisie des infirmières hospitalières." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066032/document.
Full textHealth facilities are undergoing important changes in relation to the changing environment and the current economic climate. Since 2007, new governance tends to reform the internal organisation of hospitals and introduces a new entity, the business lines. This system organises medical teams under the activity by using mobility, flexibility and versatility.Changes in the health system lead to changes in labour organizations and human resource management. The new configuration increases internal mobility as agents transfer from one unit to another depending on the needs of the organization. However, the flexibility of assignments established by the institution is not necessarily sought by the professional. In these conditions, several issues arise with how to organise the mobility of nurses set up by the hospital? How is this mobility experienced? To answer these questions, several studies have been considered including Tanit 1, Tanit 1 (a) and Tanit 1 (b)
Michel, Claire. "Expérience de la violence dans le travail d'accouchement et dans le soin obstétrical." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UNIP7077.
Full textThis work arose out of the term "obstetric violence" : introduced into the French language around the year 2010, it directly questions the organisation of obstetric care. Starting from the history of obstetrics and of feminist movements, we then focus on the context in which this word emerged, analyzed through our psychoanalytic approach. Indeed, the recentness of this expression contrasts with the age-old practices and experiences it points out. Through this emergence a new frame of thought appeared, allowing a new understanding of the specificities of the experiences of pregnancy and childbirth for women nowadays - experiences that previously could not be easily expressed. Our work focuses on these specificities, and in order to do so, we used a mixed-methods approach : we present the quantitative results of a cross-sectional survey we distributed in several French maternity wards ; as well as the qualitative elements from the research interviews we conducted with women who gave birth shortly before, and with caregivers working in the perinatal field. Through this material, we identified some of the elements that shape women's experience of childbirth in health care facilities. This experience is one that they often express through powerlessness, passivisation, a feeling of strangeness, and a feeling of externalisation of their own body, that has been objectified. Moreover, these feelings must be understood through the relationship between women and caretakers. This focus highlights the power-knowledge dynamic that this relationship contains, as well as the unconscious fantasies that are expressed through it. These reflections lead us to a better understanding of what the word "violence" contains, and of what can be meant by a traumatic childbirth
Faivre, Emmanuel. "Infrastructures autoroutières, mobilité et dynamiques territoriales." Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA1024.
Full textThe motorway sector wonders about the relations between the new practices of mobility, the conditions of space accessibility and the dynamic territorial ones. On the one hand, the old and discussed question of the structuring effects of the motorways arises about the localization of the economic activities. A systemic modelling of the interactions between motorway and system of localization was worked out to lead to a grid of analysis. Its objective is to avoid the methodological and theoretical problems of a vision deterministic of the role of the infrastructures of transport on the local development. On the other hand, the impact of the "35 hours" on flows, questions the managers of the motorway networks. Employee's talks identify their new behavior of mobility as well as the representation that they are done some. The RTT modifies their displacements with a specific turning for each one of them (intensity of the changes, new temporalities of displacements)
Mejia, Candide. "Mobilité internationale : attitudes, motivations et profils de personnalité des cadres français expatriés." Amiens, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AMIE0017.
Full textGlorieux, Nicolas. "Optimisation de la trajectoire des cadres, choix de mobilité interne et potentiel d'évolution." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50374-1999-7.pdf.
Full textThis thesis analyse the influence of the previous career on the choice of career guidance when two possibilities are available: internal movement (vertical or lateral) and the decision of firing managers. An empirical study identified two models of career planning, based on the maximization of the net benefit (evaluated performance minus mobility cost). In the first model called + immediate benefit ;, each movement between different occupations is made in order to maximize the benefit. The second model called + delayed benefit ; define a series of movements into complementary occupations. A satisfying performance in the whole set of movements is a necessary condition to access the final occupation because it allows the manager to produce an optimal contribution into this job. This model explain the reproduction of the managerial personnel into big firms by the transmission of organizational knowledges necessary to the perpetuation of the enterprise. The fraction of the managers that are concerned by this procedure depend on the choice of external recruitment made by the employer. When considering occupational characteristics into the choice of internal mobility for two differents jobs, there is an uncertainty on the ability of the agent to master the required capacities in the new job which are missing in the actual job. The success of the mobility is never guarantee ex ante but always verifiable ex post by the observation of the performance in the new job. The fonnalization of the two models with the theory of choice of investment in uncertainty shows that the employer try to reduce this uncertainty by a selection on the individual capabilities and by the consideration of the link between the jobs. We called this link : the level of transferability between the occupations. The employer demand a premiun of performance, proportionnal to the degree of uncertainty, as a proof that the person is a priori able to master the new occupation. The coexistence of the two models depend on the capacity of the agent to achieve the anticipated trajectory. The firm can produce some + generalist ; managers or some + experts ; specialized into a particular field
Jouffe, Yves. "Précaires mais mobiles : tactiques de mobilité des travailleurs précaires flexibles et nouveaux services de mobilité." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00167732.
Full text30 entretiens avec de tels précaires flexibles révèlent que leurs degrés de précarité et de flexibilité discriminent leurs solutions de déplacement, leurs tactiques de programmation de la mobilité, et leurs stratégies d'accessibilité. Quatre tactiques idéal-typiques sont ainsi identifiées : suffisant prévenant, désinvolte avisé, virtuose assuré, conformiste contrarié.
Deux grands types de stratégies opposent également les peu et les très flexibles : l'enfant dépendant et le parent aliéné sont à la fois peu flexibles, ancrés territorialement, inscrits dans une généalogie familiale, et attachés aux valeurs de leurs employeurs ; l'artisan autonome (compagnon, impétrant ou résistant) manifeste au contraire une capacité de mobilité à la fois quotidienne, résidentielle et professionnelle, tendue vers l'émancipation familiale.
Cette analyse permet d'identifier les ressources, matérielles, cognitives et symboliques, qui structurent les choix de mobilité. La disposition d'un logement autonome et décent apparaît alors comme le seul élément externe susceptible de déterminer l'élaboration de stratégies de changement professionnel et résidentiel ainsi qu'une grande flexibilité.
Pour faire face aux défis de la société flexible, les plus précaires auraient ainsi avant tout besoin d'un logement décent et autonome plutôt que d'outils ou de compétences de mobilité.
Ben, Hamed Nadia. "Incitations et mobilité géographique des couples à double carrière." Bordeaux 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR40024.
Full textWhen involved in a relocation decision, dual career couples may adopt different patterns of mobility. The choice is based on a maximisation of resources perspective, but it implies a loss of resources. External resources, such as social support, may intervene either to counter the losses or to induce geographic mobility. The aim of this research is to discover psychological mechanism involved in the mobile way of living. The study consisted in collecting life strories. Data analysis was performed using Tropes 6. 2. Our results show an influence of motivational mechanism on geographic mobility management. Results also show a strong professional commitment at the expense of organizational commitment. Moreover, whatever the quality of adjustment, role performance is not affected, in the contrary to extra-role performance. With regard to the couple and the family, workf-family conflict is exacerbated by mobility and in some cases, marital satisfaction is undermined. These trends are more salient among women the among men. Finally, we found sex differences in mobility patterns. The research showed the existence of a link between decision and adjustment during mobility. It enriched career literature by addressing some specific phenomena of starting employees' mobility. The results call to further research avenues. In particular, we suggest studying the employees' interest in family-friendly policies in a comparative manner as welle as their probable impact on organizational justice perceptions. We also studying the effects of mobility on the logevity of the relationship and taking into account subjective dimensions of mobility
Séhili, Djaouida. "L'insolite répartie féminine : les ambivalences du féminin et du masculin face à la dynamique du changement." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100095.
Full textMihman, Nathalie. "La mobilité juridique des rapports de travail : essai sur la coordination des normes et des prérogatives juridiques." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100136.
Full textThe terminology "legal mobility" emerges from the movement of personnel in organized and normative sets larger than the enterprise. Initially, this notion made it possible to highlight the change in the working relationship when the latter, without losing its connection with an enterprise located in a state legal order, deploys abroad, in the direction of a new state order. to a new company. Legal mobility is a mobility by change of the applicable law. It is the result of a spatial shift in the working relationship between mutually irreducible normative spaces. The foundation of legally mobile working relationships is formed by organizations outside formal organizations. These are incomplete organizations. These induce coordination requirements.In a first part, it is taken care of to release the normative coordinations as first. It is from these that the coordination modalities of the people involved in mobility can be induced. it shows a renewed figure of the employer (it will be about the masters of the organization). It also shows a renewed figure of the worker, whose development of "capabilities" implies a better anchoring of his rights in his normative environment of work and employment. It ultimately results in a renewed order of labor relations.In a second part, attention is paid to the similarity of the legal questions posed in a context of globalization to legally mobile working relationships, whether they are deemed to be purely internal or international. The coordination of the legal orders concerns the coordination of companies and workers: it is a coordination of coordination, carried out through a plurality of principles and methods. It reveals the existence of an international private labor law contributing to the transnational organization of labor relations.Ultimately, the functions of labor law and private international law are put to the test in the context of (s) national and international market(s)
Anne, Denis. "Aides à la mobilité et insertion sociale." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2052.
Full textMobility has become an important issue and a major objective of public policies in favour of poor households. Research has largely shown that people who are far away from employment are also far away in a purely spatial way. Often distant from employment areas, with greater financial insecurity, the poorest have greater difficulty in finding employment, getting to their workplaces, accessing public services or local amenities. Some of the literature focused on explaining this spatial segregation; others on showing its negative consequences and the vicious circles in which it locked in poor people; and a third on analysing ways to reduce.This thesis aims to shed specific light on mobility aids provided to disadvantaged households. These aids were developed in France mainly since the 1990s. Although they take various forms, they share the same objective: to promote the spatial mobility of poor households through easier access to individual or public transport. Their implementation is essentially local. There is little litterature that tried to measure the consequences of the development of these aids. This thesis aims to shed particular light on this point. First, we propose a study of the development of these aids since the 1980s and especially the 1990s, based on a national impetus, but with very varied local applications. We seek to measure how these aids have been able to interact both with the national social assistance system and with other local aids. We show that these aids may have contributed to reinforcing the threshold effects and poverty traps that were specific to the RMI mechanism and that led to its replacement by the RSA. We also show the RSA major reform of national social assistance has had an impact on local aid and specifically on transport aids. The second chapter focuses on an aspect forgotten in Chapter 1, that of the non-take-up of social assistance. The originality of our work is to look at a specific aid to transport (the “Forfait Gratuité Transport” in Ile de France) and to study the non-take-up of this aid by integrating a double spatial dimension: first of all, the distance between the beneficiaries and the public transport network, which may explain a lower use. The next issue is the influence of the geographical environment and in particular the networks effects on the knowledge and demand for such assistance. The last two chapters propose experimental evaluations of mobility aids aimed at young people who have left the school system and are neither in training nor in employment (NEETs). For these young people, mobility is central to their professional and social integration. We first evaluate sixteen different actions proposed by different actors to promote mobility. We show a positive but contrasting effect: low intensity aids have less effect than high intensity aids. This observation is largely confirmed in the fourth chapter, which evaluates the experimentation of the “Service Militaire Volontaire”. The selected young people receive general and vocational training as well as driving licence preparation. This extremely intensive system, where young people are supervised by soldiers, gives impressive results in terms of professional integration and, above all, in terms of obtaining a driving licence. For mobility support policies to be effective, both on mobility and integration, we can conclude that it is better to concentrate resources on the most vulnerable
Gherardi, Laura. "La mobilité ambigüe : pour une sociologie des classes sociales supérieures dans la société contemporaine." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0062.
Full textThe topic of the thesis is the link between power and mobility on the higher levels of the social scale. The sample of the research is formed by more than two hundred of interviewees - among them are top managers in multinational companies, international artists and leading global academics, large proprietors and heirs of great fortunes mainly based in one of the three cities where the empirical analysis took place - Milan, Paris and London. Comparing the mobility plannings and the time schedules of these social groups, we show different forms of international mobility - and correlated structures of personal costs: mobility is a resource and at the same time a constriction weighting today on higher-grade professionals -, strategies for the presence on dislocated social scenes and differences in power on somebody else's rhythm. These results contradict the rhetoric of contemporary managerial literature concerning the rise of an homogeneous elite of citizens of the world and indicate the specific social morphology in post-fordist capitalism
Moradell, Rabert Nuria. "La mobilité du travail en Europe : le cas de la région transfrontalière Catalogne, Midi-Pyrénnées et Languedoc-Roussillon." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10023.
Full textThe thesis develops, firstly, the problems regarding the mobility of workers. Definitions of different authors about the concept of mobility and different theories of the human capital mobility, such as the traditional pattern or models with more or less working mobility, are presented. The following chapter analyses different obstacles to the human capital mobility and actions to take place to remove them. The second part of the thesis examines both, the European labour market and the European employment strategy. It is also presented in annex the key documents on European labour issues. The last part of the thesis is dedicated to the study of the EURES Crossborder Network – Pyrémed, which was launched with the aim of promoting the mobility of workers between the following regions: the Languedoc-Roussillon, the Midi-Pyrénées and Catalonia. Finally, the thesis analyses the objectives of the EURES Crossborder network – Pyrémed and tries to make evident their strong points and weak points, in order to allow an evaluation
Fuchs, Simon. "Essays on Globalization : Historical and Contemporary Evidence." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU10007/document.
Full textPeugny, Camille. "La mobilité sociale descendante : l'épreuve du déclassement." Phd thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003938.
Full textMoulier, Boutang Yann. "Le salariat bridé, origines des politiques migratoires, constitution du salariat et contrôle de la mobilité du travail." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997IEPP0001.
Full textRecotillet, Isabelle. "Modélisation empirique des mobilités professionnelles des jeunes." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHESA052.
Full textBoulanger-Comte, Bénédicte. "L'écriture de la mobilité dans l'oeuvre narrative de Marguerite Yourcenar." Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT5002/document.
Full textThe distant geographical areas looked for and celebrated in Marguerite Yourcenar's works, in particular in tales, novels, family chronicles and essays, reveal the elaboration of a quest of mobility. The stylistic, sociological and philosophic analysis of this praise of physical movement and intellectual vigour with which it is linked , allows to conceive Yourcenar's creation and writing in a new way. A philosophy of travelling, as a privileged expression of lifestyle in movement, is variously developed in these texts according to the choice of the literary genre : if travelling is devoted to a form of wisdom in the didactic prospect of the tale, the profits of movement in terms of knowledge are more emphasized in the polymorphic space of the novel, and are associated to the intellectual and existential learning in texts with autobiographical character. If the danger of immobility, strictly in a spatial or more social meaning, has haunted the writing of Yourcenar, the way to overcome this danger shows a vision of human self-fulfillment. Among these fantasized embodiments of mobility, the woman stands out as an iconic figure of movement. In narratives and essays, in which the intention is to wonder about feminine dynamism, the liberating ability of literary characters or real persons can then be read in the light of their spatial or mental trajectories. If mobility is in itself a meaningful act, it may also reveal the importance of symbolic spaces that inspired Marguerite Yourcenar and draw an existential map which lightens the artistic and spiritual route of the writer, by revealing different aspects of her search for knowledge
Peugny, Camille. "La mobilité sociale descendante : l'épreuve du déclassement." Phd thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00003938.
Full textThis research aims at studying intergenerational downward mobility. It underlines three main points. How many people does this concern ? What do they people go through, and how can we describe their experience ? What are the political consequences of intergenerational downward mobility ? The measure based on age and birth cohort highlights the progressive degradation of the perspective of social mobility for generations born after the 1940’s, the most unfavourable being those of generations born in the 1960’s. Concerning the experience of intergenerational downward mobility, two types of situations are distinguished. First, one group of people who see them as belonging to a generation that has been “sacrificed”, are very critical of the educational system. They also reject the way the society as a whole is organized. An other group gathers people who consider themselves as the only responsible for their personal path, which is seen as a failure. They tend to turn in on themselves. Finally, downward mobility has some political consequences. Their downward path structures their attitudes and above all their political behaviour. In particular, concerning their votes, a tendency to choose far right parties can be highlighted