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Journal articles on the topic 'Mobilità migrante'
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1
Furri, Filippo. "La città-rifugio: una declinazione dell'accoglienza tra solidarietà e autonomia." REMHU: Revista Interdisciplinar da Mobilidade Humana 26, no. 52 (April 2018): 11–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-85852503880005202.
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Riassunto La relazione tra migrazione e città - lo spazio urbano e i suoi abitanti - è in continua evoluzione, ed è condizionata da fattori storici, geografici e politici sempre particolari. Nel corso degli ultimi decenni, tuttavia, in ragione di un accesso differenziale alla mobilità umana, opposto a una sempre maggiore rivendicazione di questa mobilità per ragioni diverse, l'idea stessa di “straniero” e di “migrante” sono andate modificandosi. Di fronte al ripiegamento identitario di ordine immunitario e fondato su paradigmi di nazionalità e cittadinanza, si configurano progressivamente soluzioni ed immaginari di coabitazione e interazione, in particolare a livello locale con la nozione di Città-rifugio, impostati secondo logiche di autonomia e di solidarietà.
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De Maria, Francesco. "The role of educational conditions in defining migratory potential: the case of the young people of the Ivory Coast." Form@re - Open Journal per la formazione in rete 22, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 279–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/form-12860.
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The paper is part of the international debate on the theme of human mobility with a transversal and developing educational perspective in the field of Migration Studies. It presents a research work carried out in Ivory Coast on the potential educational dimension of migration related to the search for better living and working opportunities. We discuss the results related to the study of the educational conditions of a potential migrant subjects, considered as variables that affect the conformation of the migration aspiration and allow a better understanding of the situations in which the birth of the desire to leave can occur, regardless of the presence or absence of the ability to migrate. The research followed a qualitative-quantitative approach in line with the methodological framework of Mixed Methods Research, adopting an exploratory-sequential design, arriving at the construction of a transferable model of analysis of the migratory potential which is composed of four main categories: migration project, educational conditions, migratory aspiration and learning potential. The aim of this paper is to present the results to the second category.
Il ruolo delle condizioni educative nella definizione del potenziale migratorio: il caso dei giovani della Costa d’Avorio.
Il contributo si colloca all’interno del dibattito internazionale sul tema della mobilità umana con una prospettiva educativa trasversale e in divenire nell’ambito dei Migration Studies. Si presenta un lavoro di ricerca realizzato in Costa d’Avorio sulla dimensione formativa potenziale della migrazione legata alla ricerca di migliori opportunità di vita e di lavoro. Nello specifico vengono discussi i risultati relativi allo studio delle condizioni educative di un pubblico potenziale migrante, considerate come variabili che incidono nella conformazione dell’aspirazione migratoria e che permettono una maggiore comprensione delle situazioni in cui può verificarsi la nascita del desiderio di partire, a prescindere dalla presenza o meno della capacità di emigrare. La ricerca ha seguito un approccio quali-quantitativo in linea con l’impianto metodologico dei Mixed Methods Research, adottando un disegno di tipo esplorativo-sequenziale, arrivando alla costruzione di un modello di analisi del potenziale migratorio trasferibile e composto da quattro categorie principali: progetto di migrazione, condizioni educative, aspirazione migratoria e potenziale di conoscenza. Ai fini del presente lavoro, vengono qui presentati i risultati relativi alla seconda delle quattro categorie.
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Oliveira, Allison Bezerra, Daniely Lima Silva, and Maria da Conceição Mesquita Leal. "Indústria extrativista e mobilidade do capital e do trabalho na Amazônia Legal maranhense." Caderno de Geografia 29, no. 2 (August 29, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2318-2962.2019v29n2p1-17.
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Discute-se neste artigo a dinâmica recente de mobilidade do capital e do trabalho na Amazônia Legal maranhense mediante a implantação da Suzano Papel e Celulose em Imperatriz. Considera-se dois grandes grupos para a mobilidade do trabalho: o migrante laboral temporário, pouco qualificado e destinado a atuar na construção da fábrica, e o migrante permanente, com maior nível de formação, destinado a atuar no funcionamento da fábrica. Foram produzidos mapas e gráficos conceituais, comparando os períodos anterior e posterior à implantação fabril, com dados coletados na Relação Anual de Informações Sociais do MTE (2018) e no Programa de Disseminação das Estatísticas do Trabalho do MTE (2018), ambos vinculados ao Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego. Os resultados sugerem que, como outrora, os grandes projetos extrativistas fincados no Maranhão tendem a atrair migrantes em busca de emprego e renda, contribuindo para que essa seja uma das características da formação socioeconômica do estado.Palavras-chave: Fluxos migratórios, mobilidade do capital, Amazônia Legal, Maranhão.Abstract This article discusses the recent dynamics of capital and labour mobility in the Legal Amazon of Maranhão through the implementation of Suzano Papel e Celulose in Imperatriz. Two large groups are considered for labour mobility: the temporary, low-skilled labour migrant and the permanent migrant, with a higher level of training, to work in the factory. Based on data collected in MTE's Annual Social Information Report (2018) and MTE's Labor Statistics Dissemination Program (2018), both maps were linked to the Ministry of Labor Statistics of Labor and Employment. The results suggest that, as in the past, the large extractive projects in Maranhão tend to attract migrants in search of jobs and income, contributing to this being one of the characteristics of the socioeconomic formation of the state.Keywords: Migration flows, Capital mobility, Legal Amazon, Maranhão.
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Liu, Liangni Sally, and Jun Lu. "Contesting Transnational Mobility among New Zealand’s Chinese Migrants from an Economic Perspective新西兰中国跨国移民的跨界经济活动及成因." Journal of Chinese Overseas 11, no. 2 (October 27, 2015): 146–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341303.
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New Chinese migrants from the People’s Republic of China to New Zealand are renowned for their transnational mobility. Based on an online survey among this group of migrants, this paper aims to explore how economic factors in Chinese transnational migration play out in a way different from that posited by some conventional conceptions in migration studies. For example, compared with the conventional remittance flow that usually takes place from migrant-receiving countries to migrant-sending countries, this research finds a reverse remittance transaction channel among prc migrants. This reverse remittance flow is a manifestation of China’s economic revitalization, which benefited New Zealand, especially in the recent economic crisis. It was also found that economic reasons were not decisive in an immigrant’s decision to settle in New Zealand. However, economic reasons contributed significantly to their on-going movements after arriving in New Zealand. prc immigrants’ deciding to migrate or re-migrate reflects a layering of priorities that measure the short-term goal of maintaining economic livelihood against the longer-term goal of ensuring one’s family’s overall well-being.
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Fratsea, Loukia-Maria. "The unwritten ‘laws of migration’: reflections on inequalities, aspirations and cultures of migration." Europa XXI 37 (2019): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/eu21.2019.37.2.
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Ever since Ravenstein’s work on the “Laws of Migration”, the determinants/drivers of migration--that is, the question: ‘Why do people migrate?’ – has been at the heart of migration studies. The exploration of migration/mobility processes also emphasizes the ways that migrants decide to leave and embark on their journey and how migratory practices may orient and motivate the (im)mobility decisions and aspirations of other migrant actors, establishing various ‘cultures of migration’ and creating new ‘imaginaries of mobility’ that shape future movements. The paper aims to explore the changing aspirations of migration that influence the migration decision-making of Romanian migrants and the way these are shaped by micro, meso and structural factors in both sending and receiving countries.
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Marinucci, Roberto. "Caminhos da Igreja junto a migrantes e refugiados. Representações sociais e desafios pastorais." Revista Eclesiástica Brasileira 70, no. 278 (February 26, 2019): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.29386/reb.v70i278.1165.
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Este artigo se propõe analisar a presença evangelizadora eclesial no mundo da mobilidade humana, a partir de um conjunto de representações sociais de migrantes e refugiados. Tendo como pressuposto que todo conhecimento da realidade é mediado e condicionado por fatores culturais e esquemas tipificadores, o artigo apresenta algumas tipificações mais comuns no contexto contemporâneo – migrante como invasor, ameaça, mal menor, necessitado, católico vulnerável, não-católico, injustiçado, protagonista, recurso e “outro” –, mostrando as consequências que essas representações comportam para a ação evangelizadora. Na parte final, de maneira sucinta, apontam-se algumas pistas de ação para as Pastorais da Mobilidade Humana.Abstract: The objective of this article is to analyse the ecclesial evangelizing presence in the world of human mobility through a set of social representations of migrants and refugees. Assuming that all knowledge of reality is mediated and conditioned by cultural factors and typifying schemes, the article presents some of the commonest typifications in the contemporary context – the migrant as an invader, a threat, a lesser evil, a needy person, a vulnerable Catholic, a non-Catholic, a victim of injustice, a protagonist, a resource and “other” – showing the consequences that these representations bring for the evangelizing action. In the final part of the text, the Author briefly outlines some lines of action for the Human Mobility Pastorals.
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Li, Zhen, and Zai Liang. "Gender and job mobility among rural to urban temporary migrants in the Pearl River Delta in China." Urban Studies 53, no. 16 (July 20, 2016): 3455–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098015615747.
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Previous studies have found that there is a female disadvantage among rural migrants in the urban labour market in China. It remains unclear whether migrant women also lag behind migrant men in job mobility, an important channel for rural migrants to improve their labour market outcomes. Using data from a large-scale survey conducted in the Pearl River Delta region, one of the most important migration destinations in China, we examine gender gaps in job mobility of rural migrants from 1979 to 2006. Focusing on job mobility, this paper sheds new light on the changing gender dynamics among rural migrants in China. Most of the model results lend support to our hypotheses concerning the gendered job mobility patterns of rural migrants. We find that migrant women are less likely to change jobs for work-related reasons and more likely to engage in family-centered job mobility. Results of fixed-effects models of monthly wage further reveal that the positive effect of work-centered job mobility on rural migrants’ wages is smaller for migrant women. We also find that marriage does not disadvantage migrant women more than men in either work centred or family centred job mobility, and that there is a declining trend of female disadvantage in family-centered job mobility, which all points to the transformative role migration plays for rural migrants.
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Hou, Meiling, Xiaoyan Zhou, and Ronghao Jiang. "What Influences Family Migration Decision of China’s New Generation Rural-urban Migrants? A Multilevel Logistic Regression Analysis." Journal of Geographical Research 5, no. 4 (October 19, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/jgr.v5i4.4996.
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The massive scale of new-generation rural-urban migrants in China has attracted extensive scholarly attention in recent years. While previous studies on China’s rural migrant workers focus on migrants’ individual settlement intentions, migrant’s family migration decision-making and the intergenerational differences between the old-generation migrants and new-generation migrants are underexplored. Based on the data of 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey, this paper adopts a multilevel logistic regression approach to explore family and destination factors influencing family migration decision of China’s new generation rural migrant workers. The empirical results reveal that both the migrants’ family and destination attributes significantly influence their family migration decision. The demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of family have been pivotal factors underlying family migration decision of China’s new generation rural-urban migrants, while 16.9% of the chances is explained by between-destination differences. Self-employed migrants with housing properties in host cities, long migration duration and high-income level are more likely to migrate with their family members. Yet, the possibility of family migration is found to be significantly and negatively correlated with the age, education level, number of children and inter-provincial mobility of the new generation migrant workers. In addition, new generation rural-urban migrants’ family migration is more likely to be found in cities with service-oriented industry structure, better environmental quality, and higher hukou barriers which is possibly related to more job opportunities. These research findings not only complement the existing literature on China’s new generation rural-urban migrants, but also have important policy implications for reforming hukou system and enhancing social integration of rural-to-urban migrant population.
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Hidayati, Inayah. "The Process of Migration and Communication Technology Roles among Labor Migrants in Batam - Indonesia." Society 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/society.v7i2.99.
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This research explains the roles of communication technology on the migration process of labor migrants in Batam, Indonesia. Differences between places are strong reasons for people to migrate. The advances in communication technology have freed up opportunities for people to migrate. Technology has made it more accessible for migrants to raise links to their next destination through the internet. Interactions within communication technology make migration easier by decreasing the expenses and risks of moving. The explanations in this study are to understand the communication technology for the migrating process and calculate the social networks of migrants. This research applied mixed methods to explore the migration process with data collected included quantitative data from a survey with 500 respondents and supported by qualitative data from in-depth interviews. The results: 1) Communication technology helps migrants in the migration process, especially for searching for information about the destination area. 2) The migrant who uses communication technology has a strong social network and less risk of migration. The role of communication technology in the migration's processes is as a tool to maintain social ties of migrants, migrant uses their social media to make contact and gain information about their destination. This study related to SDGs' target number 10.7 which facilitates orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through the implementation of planned and well-managed migration policies, communications technology facilitate safe and well-managed migration.
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Jia, Xiaoting, and Jun Lei. "Residential Mobility of Locals and Migrants in Northwest Urban China." Sustainability 11, no. 13 (June 26, 2019): 3507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133507.
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With the increase in urbanization, intraurban residential mobility, which underlies urban growth and spatial restructuring, is gradually becoming an integral part of migration in China. However, little is known about the differences in residential mobility between locals and migrants, especially in urban areas in Northwest China. In this study, we aimed to fill this void by investigating the residential mobility patterns among Urumqi’s locals and migrants based on data from a survey and face-to-face interviews that were conducted in 2018. The results first show that the migrants with low homeownership rates relocated more frequently, but had less intentions to move within Urumqi, compared with the locals. A larger proportion of migrants than locals was forced to migrate. Evidence also suggests that the migration directions of locals and migrants differ: both locals and migrants tended to relocate from the southern areas, like Tianshan and Saybark Districts, to northern areas, like Xinshi and Midong Districts, which show the northward migration process of the urban population center in Urumqi. In contrast to the locals, whose net migration direction was from marginal areas to the central area, the net migration direction of migrants was from the central area to the marginal areas, contributing to the formation of migrant communities in the suburbs and spatial segregation between locals and migrants. Lastly, the locals’ intentions to move were widely influenced by age, ethnic group, type of employment, family population, housing area, and residential satisfaction; the migrants’ mobility intentions were mainly influenced by housing type and residential satisfaction. To attract more migrants to the urban areas in Northwest China, a more relaxed migrants’ household registration policy should be implemented, and the inequalities of the social security system and housing system between migrants and locals should be reduced to bridge the gap between migrants and locals.
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Tazzioli, Martina. "Governing migrant mobility through mobility: Containment and dispersal at the internal frontiers of Europe." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 38, no. 1 (April 10, 2019): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654419839065.
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This article focuses on the twofold relationship between migrants’ mobility and modes of government, suggesting that mobility is an object of government and, at once, a technique for governing migrants. It focuses on mobility as a technology of government, investigating how intra-European migration movements are managed by national authorities, with particular attention to illegalized migrants who fall under the Dublin Regulation. Building on ethnographic research conducted between 2015 and 2017, the article centres first on the Italian–French border (Ventimiglia) and on the Swiss–Italian border (Como). Then, it moves on exploring how migrants are currently managed in France, being transferred from Calais to hosting centres across the country. It highlights how migrants’ movements are controlled, disrupted and diverted not (only) through detention and immobility but by generating effects of containment keeping migrants on the move and forcing them to engage in convoluted geography. It shows that one of the main strategies for governing migration through mobility consists in the politics of migrant dispersal, that is by scattering migrants across spaces and dividing emergent migrant groups.
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Ibañez Tirado, Diana. "‘We sit and wait’: Migration, mobility and temporality in Guliston, southern Tajikistan." Current Sociology 67, no. 2 (September 13, 2018): 315–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392118792923.
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This article analyses how people in Guliston, southern Tajikistan, conceive of ‘waiting’ both for labour-migrants to return from Russia, and to realise the projects that these migrants and their families envision. In Guliston people talk about two contradictory forms of waiting: on the one hand, they associate waiting with sitting and doing nothing; on the other, they equally emphasise the active roles they play to keep their village full of vitality while they wait for their migrant-relatives to return. Stressing the interdependencies between temporality and mobility, and the experiences of time and place by those who stay in their villages and those who migrate, this article argues that people in Guliston practise ‘waiting’ as active and creative processes that figure prominently in their production of specific forms of sociality and community, and their village as a dynamic place at the centre of a circulation of caregiving.
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Deshingkar, Priya. "Navigating Hyper- Precarity: Im(mobilities) during the Covid Pandemic in India." Social Change 52, no. 2 (June 2022): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00490857221094232.
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The hyper-precarity, enforced immobility and invisibility of India’s migrant workforce have been starkly in focus since March 2020 when the COVID-19 pandemic began. The papers in this special issue explore migrants’ lived experiences of mobility and immobility during the Covid pandemic. They provide granular accounts of the translocal and temporal strategies of migrants as they navigate state controls, citizenship rights, patriarchal norms and barriers to accessing welfare schemes. The case studies empirically delve into the gendered subjectivities of exclusion and power and how these vary by caste and ethnicity. They provide unique insights into what it means to migrate, live and work in today’s India, where neoliberal values have undermined labour rights and protection. At the same time, migrants stories of everyday struggles and socialities reveal how they have created spaces of hope, aspiration and resistance.
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Koubi, Vally, Lena Schaffer, Gabriele Spilker, and Tobias Böhmelt. "Climate events and the role of adaptive capacity for (im-)mobility." Population and Environment 43, no. 3 (January 8, 2022): 367–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11111-021-00395-5.
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AbstractThe study examines the relationship between sudden- and gradual-onset climate events and migration, hypothesizing that this relationship is mediated by the adaptive capacity of affected individuals. We use survey data from regions of Cambodia, Nicaragua, Peru, Uganda, and Vietnam that were affected by both types of events with representative samples of non-migrant residents and referral samples of migrants. Although some patterns are country-specific, the general findings indicate that less educated and lower-income people are less likely to migrate after exposure to sudden-onset climate events compared to their counterparts with higher levels of education and economic resources. These results caution against sweeping predictions that future climate-related events will be accompanied by widespread migration.
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Bhattacharjee, Mala Ray. "Mobility and morbidity of regular and seasonal migrants in India." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 17, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-04-2020-0038.
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Purpose Internal migration has grown intensively in India in the present decades, far greater than international migration, though the latter has received far more attention in literature and public policy. Among internal migrants, seasonal movement is another growing phenomenon in India which has received the least attention till now. The purpose of the study is to show the intensities of short-term morbidity and major morbidity among the rural and urban internal migrants and how such disease burdens have affected the health of regular/permanent and temporary/seasonal migrants. Design/methodology/approach This present paper has been developed on the basis of data of India Human Development Survey-II (IHDS-II), 2011–2012, has been availed to find out the intensities of short-term morbidity and major morbidity among the rural and urban migrants as well as the health condition of the seasonal migrants. For the analysis of regular or permanent migrants, a total of 3,288 migrants (of which 1,136 rural migrants and 2,152 urban migrants) were surveyed in IHDS-II, 2011–2012, regarding the persistence of different types of short-term morbidity among the migrant class. Two-sample (rural migrants and urban migrants) “t” test for mean difference with unequal variances with null hypothesis – H0: diff = 0, and alternate hypothesis – Ha: diff < 0; Ha: diff > 0 where diff = mean (rural) – mean (urban) has been executed. For the seasonal migrants a sample of 41,424 migrants of which 2,691 seasonal migrant workers and 38,733 non-seasonal migrant workers were surveyed in IHDS-II, 2011–2012, to find out their health condition. OLS regression on the number of medical treatments undertaken in a month on the nature of migrant workers has been conducted. Socio-economic factors (like adult literacy) and basic amenities required for a healthy living (like indoor piped drinking water, separate kitchen in the household, household having a flush toilet, household having electricity and intake of meals everyday) are taken as control variables in the regression analysis. Findings The results of morbidity analysis in this paper show that the morbidity patterns among the migrants vary with the geographical differences. The short-term morbidity and that of the major morbidity show different proneness to ill health for rural and urban migrants. However, seasonal migrants are more susceptible to ill health than the regular migrants and are also potential for generating health risks. Also lack of provision of basic services creates negative health impact on seasonal migrants. Research limitations/implications The paper is based on secondary data and hence lacks numerous relevant health issues of migrants in rural and urban sectors which could have been possible through primary data survey. Practical implications Migration and migrants are a relevant issue both internationally and nationally. Economic development of a country like India depends to a greater extent on the contributions of migrant labourers as majority of the labourers in India belong to informal sector of which most of the workers are from migrant class. Social implications Migrants contribution to economic development depend on their productive capacity and hence health of these section of people is a relevant issue. This study is based on the morbidity pattern of migrants both regular and seasonal migrants and their susceptibility in various geographical locations and provision of basic amenities. Originality/value This work is original research study by the author.
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Jones, Richard C., and William Breen Murray. "Occupational and Spatial Mobility of Temporary Mexican Migrants to the U.S.: A Comparative Analysis." International Migration Review 20, no. 4 (December 1986): 973–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838602000412.
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U.S. job and spatial mobility are compared here for recent returnee migrants from two Mexican areas — Rio Grande, Zacatecas, in the interior; and Nueva Rosita-Muzquiz, Coahuila, near the U.S. border. Results suggest that the interior migrants fit a hierarchical migrant model: they move up the urban hierarchy from U.S. rural areas to towns and cities, experiencing substantial job mobility at first, but little after reaching the urban sector. Border migrants fit a shuttle migrant model: they return to the same job and place year after year, experiencing little or no spatial and occupational mobility, although they tend to hold somewhat higher status jobs.
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Witteborn, Saskia. "The digital gift and aspirational mobility." International Journal of Cultural Studies 22, no. 6 (February 22, 2019): 754–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367877919831020.
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This article discusses aspirational mobility and the digital gift in the context of forced migration in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. It illustrates how gifting a mobile device and data enhances the aspirational mobility of forced migrants and intervenes into political codes, which promote social and technological isolation. Through the example of fieldwork with forced migrants and social media analysis, the article shows how participation, self-presentation, and social control were encouraged through the object and data gift. The migrants amplified their aspirational mobility by participating in urban life, presenting themselves in digital space, and maintaining romantic sociality with members of other marginalized migrant groups. The article elaborates on previous notions of technology as expanding social worlds for forced migrants while also highlighting the potential of technology for social control between migrant groups. The article also points to the potential dangers of social media use by asylum seekers for refugee status determination.
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Morokvasic, Mirjana. ""Usazeni v mobilitě": genderové souvislosti evropské migrace po roce 1989." Sociální studia / Social Studies 6, no. 1 (January 2, 2009): 155–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/soc2009-1-155.
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Zánik bipolárního světa a zhroucení komunistických režimů vyvolalo nebývalou mobilitu lidí a předznamenalo novou fázi evropských migrací. Východoevropanům se již nenabízela pouze „svoboda odejít“ na Západ, nyní mohli „svobodně odejít a vrátit se“. V tomto textu se zaměřím na genderované transnacionální, přeshraniční praktiky a schopnosti Středoevropanů a Východoevropanů, kteří jsou takzvaně v pohybu a kteří využívají svou prostorovou mobilitu k přizpůsobení se novému kontextu postkomunistické transformace. Zabýváme se zde praktikami, které se velice liší od těch, jichž se většinou týká literatura o „přistěhovaleckém transnacionalismu“. Místo toho, aby spoléhali na vytváření transnacionálních sítí jako prostředku zlepšení svých podmínek v zemích svého usazení, mají tito lidé sklon „usazovat se v rámci mobility“ a zůstat pohybliví „tak dlouho, jak můžou“, aby zlepšili anebo zachovali životní úroveň doma. Zkušenost migrace se tak stává jejich životním stylem, jejich opouštění domova a odchod pryč paradoxně strategií zůstávání doma, a tudíž alternativou k tomu, za co se migrace obvykle považuje – k emigraci/imigraci. Přístup k mobilitě a její řízení jsou genderované a závislé na institucionálním rámci. Mobilita coby strategie může posilňovat, představovat zdroj a nástroj sociálních inovací a jednání a také důležitý rozměr sociálního kapitálu – pokud nad ní mají migranti kontrolu. Mobilita může ovšem odrážet i zvýšené závislosti, nárůst počtu nejistých pracovních míst a absenci pohybu a svobody, jako je tomu v případě obchodu se ženami.
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Hussein, Shereen. "The Global Demand for Migrant Care Workers: Drivers and Implications on Migrants’ Wellbeing." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (August 25, 2022): 10612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710612.
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Background: Demographic changes across the globe create increasing demands for care labour mobility. The contribution of migrant workers to the long-term care (LTC) systems is not confined to the western world or countries that have already completed their ageing transitions; they also play an essential role in maintaining the care systems in countries with emerging ageing populations. Despite the increased demand for LTC services, such jobs remain unattractive with difficult working conditions and insecure prospects in most European countries and are only emerging in the Middle East. This paper explores factors affecting the demand for care mobility, reflecting on the experience of some OECD countries with already aged populations and countries in the Middle East, which are currently transitioning into aged populations. Methods: Conducting a statistical review of key ageing and LTC indicators, combined with a narrative review of relevant literature, the analysis considers the increased demand on migrant care labour. Drawing on a case study of the UK, where the immigration system is being reformed post-Brexit, we utilise In-depth interviews with 27 migrants working in LTC in the UK (2018–2020) to explore impacts on care workers’ wellbeing. Results: The findings show that both sets of countries draw on migrant workers as an essential source for LTC workforce supply to maintain and enhance the wellbeing of those receiving care in host societies. Meanwhile, care mobility creates care gaps in home countries, adversely affecting migrant workers’ wellbeing. Interview analysis with migrant care workers in the UK showed that such a process adversely affects migrants’ material and emotional wellbeing. Conclusion: The ability of migrants to move and work in different countries is shaped by several intersecting systems, including the host country’s immigration and welfare regimes. Migrants working in LTC are predominantly women who are usually motivated to work in care due to financial and social needs and usually maintain caring responsibilities across borders. Migrants employ their agency to navigate complex entry systems, settlement, or cross-border mobility to provide LTC in both formal and informal contexts. The implications on migrants’ wellbeing are considerable and should be addressed within a context of increased global mobility linked to ageing populations.
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Siddiqi, Yumna. "Mobility in the City." Minnesota review 2020, no. 94 (May 1, 2020): 124–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00265667-8128463.
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In his novels Cockroach and Carnival, Rawi Hage explores the varied experiences of postcolonial migrants to the northern city. His protagonists are antiheroes, hustlers who reject the demands of good immigrant citizenship. Theorists of urban life applaud the city as a space that is hospitable to encounters with difference; they fail to consider the ways in which processes of bordering and differentiation are part of economies that exploit migrants. This article focuses on Hage’s portrayal of migrant mobility in the city. By bringing together a critique of these theorists of urban experience with Sandro Mezzadra’s arguments about the autonomy of postcolonial migrants, who are subjects and agents despite and because of the determinations of the political field, this article probes the subjection of postcolonial migrants in the city. The “politics of mobility” also determines migrants’ modes of conviviality and labor. Hage’s protagonists survive by maneuvering underground, in the interstices of the city, or in a cab, their space of work and mobility in the city, and using a rich verbal medley to tell its myriad stories. Thus Hage presents counterhegemonic narratives and visions of postcolonial migrants in the city.
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Zhang, Feng, Dan Liu, and Xiaowei Geng. "Job Mobility and Subjective Well-Being among New-Generation Migrant Workers in China: The Mediating Role of Interpersonal Trust." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18 (September 14, 2022): 11551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811551.
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New-generation migrant workers refers to those born in 1980 or thereafter, who become the majority of rural–urban migrants. New-generation migrant workers in Chinese cities are struggling with a lack of urban resources, which may lead to low well-being. On the basis of a questionnaire survey of 203 new-generation migrant workers, we used a multiple regression analysis to study new-generation migrant workers’ well-being and the mechanism underlying the effect of job mobility on well-being. The job mobility scale, interpersonal trust scale, and Affect Balance Scale were used. Results showed that job mobility was positively correlated with new-generation migrant workers’ subjective well-being and interpersonal trust, and interpersonal trust was positively correlated with subjective well-being. Interpersonal trust mediated the effect of job mobility on subjective well-being. In conclusion, job mobility can bring some benefits to new-generation migrant workers, that is, job mobility may increase their subjective well-being by increasing their interpersonal trust.
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Bespalyy, S. "Opportunities for the development of entrepreneurship through labor mobility." Bulletin of the Innovative University of Eurasia 80, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37788/2020-4/69-75.
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Main problem: The literature on regional entrepreneurship tends to neglect interregional human capital flows, and yet spatial mobility provides emerging entrepreneurs with knowledge and networks in different locations to exploit entrepreneurial opportunities. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the relationship between mobility and entrepreneurship. Methods: Examined how multidisciplinary experience and non-local knowledge provide migrants with the desire for opportunity-based entrepreneurship. The connection between the regional environment and entrepreneurial motives based on opportunities for people with and without spatial mobility is shown. The analysis of data from a survey of labor force dynamics is presented, which compares the characteristics and driving forces of entrepreneurial motives of migrants and local residents. A survey has been conducted that indicates a higher prevalence of opportunity-based entrepreneurship among migrant entrepreneurs compared to their local counterparts. Official Kazakh statistics do not take into account the impact of internal migrants on the development of the economy and welfare of the region to which they moved. Results and their relevance: Based on the analysis and survey, it was found that the experience of spatial mobility significantly increases the likelihood of entering an opportunity-based business. The regional environment influences the entrepreneurial motives of migrants and non-migrants, but in different ways. Local entrepreneurs are more affected by the endogenous nature of the firm, while migrant entrepreneurs start businesses based on both local needs and external linkages with wider market areas. The regional environment influences the entrepreneurial motives of migrants and non-migrants, but the experience of spatial mobility significantly increases the likelihood of starting a business based on the opportunities of migrants.
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Pande, Amrita. "Mobile Masculinities: Migrant Bangladeshi Men in South Africa." Gender & Society 31, no. 3 (May 10, 2017): 383–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891243217702825.
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In this ethnography of Bangladeshi men living and working in South Africa, I draw on the intersection of three sets of literatures—masculinities studies, mobility studies, and the emerging body of work on migrant masculinities— to argue that migrant mobility shapes and is shaped by relational performances of racialized masculinities. I analyze three particular moments of such “mobile masculinities.” The first is in the home country wherein migration is seen as a mandatory rite of passage into manhood. The second moment is in transit, where the relational masculinity of migrant men and “traffickers” (men who smuggle migrants across borders) is performed and (re)made. The final moment is in South Africa, wherein we observe two contrasting forms of masculinities: hyper masculinity (the idealization of violence and misogyny) and Ummah masculinity (the immersion in God and Islamic Ummah). Both kinds of masculinity in the final moment are attempts by the migrants to recuperate masculinity within a situation of extreme powerlessness. This article invokes the need for mobility research within gender studies, and an attention to a complex, processual construction of identities wherein gender, race, and other differences define the identities of migrants but also the discourses and narratives of masculinities.
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Grossman-Thompson, Barbara H. "Disposability and gendered control in labor migration: Limiting women’s mobility through cultural and institutional norms." Organization 26, no. 3 (November 23, 2018): 337–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350508418812584.
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In this article, I draw upon interviews with 30 Nepali returned women migrant workers to elucidate how the gendered institutional logics of both the Nepali state and for-profit manpower companies synergistically function to constrain women’s mobility. In particular, I focus on women migrant workers who migrate illegally to Gulf countries to work as domestic laborers, as this constitutes one of the largest channels of women’s labor migration from Nepal. To illuminate the particulars of Nepali women migrant workers’ experiences, I employ two theoretical frameworks, both developed by feminist political economists within the context of feminized workplaces broadly and global factory floors specifically. The first framework presents a logic of female disposability as shaping the feminized workforce of the global South. The second framework presents a logic of gendered control as doing the same. In this article, I show how these dual logics can be applied to women’s foreign labor migration in Nepal, and argue that these logics operate simultaneously through the various institutions that Nepali women navigate during migration. The Nepali case shows how both logics serve ultimately to limit women’s mobility and bolster the authority of institutions and organizations historically controlled by men—for example, the family, the state, transnational corporations—over women migrants. By bringing these two logics to bear on a case of women domestic workers’ migration from the global South, this article offers new insights into the functioning of institutions central to this large-scale, transnational movement of people.
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Ni, Zhijuan. "A Critical Ethnography of Myanmar Migrants’ Grassroots Multilingualism at a Chinese Massage Parlour." Asian Social Science 17, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v17n9p11.
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While China is broadening its gateway into South Asia and Southeast Asia, millions of foreign migrant workers cross the border and seek their transnational fortune in China’s border provinces. However, within the existing literature in migrant workers in China, language is rarely a research target in itself. As one of the important social actors language plays a key role shaping migrant workers’ life trajectories. Adopting Spolsky’s language policy theory and following the critical ethnography with migrant workers (Han, 2013; Mathews, 2011), this study explores the interplay of national polices of massage parlour management at a macro level, employers’ stipulations of managing Myanmar migrants at a meso level and Myanmar migrants’ language practices at micro level. Grounded upon critical sociolinguistic ethnography, data is collected from a China’s massage parlour at border town through the participant observation in and out of massage parlour, field notes, semi-structured interviews and documents. The study probes into how Chinese geopolitics of the wider process of regional development facilitates or constrains Myanmar migrants, how they mobilize social resources to expand their multilingual repertoires and how Chinese employer manages Myanmar migrants in language and life aspects. Findings reveal that there is no specific language policy at the recruitment stage. However, when Myanmar migrant workers start to work, language emerges as implicit but powerful medium streaming the likelihood of upward mobility. Other social factors, such as gender, nationality, religion and class also influence their mobility and integration into China’s local society. The study expands the understanding of language management and grassroots multilingualism in the context of globalization from below. Also the study provides implications on language policy making, migrants integration and education for migrants of multilingual backgrounds.
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Bouali, Celia. "Facing Precarious Rights and Resisting EU ‘Migration Management’: South European Migrant Struggles in Berlin." Social Inclusion 6, no. 1 (March 29, 2018): 166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v6i1.1301.
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In this article, I trace struggles regarding EU internal mobility and migrant labour as they emerge in the mobilization of South European migrants in Berlin. The effects of the 2007–2008 financial crisis and European austerity politics have reoriented migration flows within the EU, increasing South-to-North migration with Germany as a prime destination. German public discourse on the matter reveals a view on (EU) migration that focuses on its economic ‘usefulness’ and tries to regulate it accordingly. EU citizenship turns out to be a key instrument of such EU internal ‘<em>migration management</em>’. The emergence of migrant activist groups, however, hints at another force at play. In their fight for social rights and better working conditions, migrant activists show they will not allow themselves to be easily ‘managed’ into precarious ‘productivity’. Against this background, I argue that EU internal mobility is a field of struggle where attempts to control migrant labour clash with moments of <em>autonomy</em> and resistance. My aim is to explore this field from a migration perspective, analysing rationales of EU <em>‘migration management’</em> and their impact on migrants’ lives as well as investigating the strategies that migrants develop in response. Based on an analysis of EU legislation and interviews with Italian activists in Berlin, I trace conflicts around EU internal mobility and migrant labour. Against the background of critical migration studies, I analyse EU internal <em>‘migration management’</em>, especially regarding the role of EU citizenship. Then, I look at EU migrant struggles in Berlin through the lens of <em>autonomy of migration</em>, drawing on the example of the Italian activist group <em>Berlin Migrant Strikers.</em>
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Rey, Jeanne. "Migration Policies and Uncertainty." African Diaspora 10, no. 1-2 (September 20, 2018): 28–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18725465-01001006.
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Abstract This article addresses the role of migrant congregations as civil society players through the practice of prayer. By combining the notion of political activism and the theory of subjectivation, it offers a new perspective on Pentecostal practice and migrant congregations in Europe as a way of addressing uncertainty linked to migration policies and mobility regimes. In Switzerland, where conditions for migrants have become increasingly restrictive, political and social forms of exclusion are challenged by African Pentecostal migrants who engage in prayer that contests restrictions on mobility, assignation to subaltern positions, as well as other forms of discrimination. Yet, this ritual resistance rarely takes the form of a political action; neither does it formulate concrete claims towards immigration procedures and policies. Rather, it is expressed through prayer in the protective space of a religious community, allowing the migrants to reassess subjectivations and to imagine new subjectivities.
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Deng, Jian-Bang, Hermin Indah Wahyuni, and Vissia Ita Yulianto. "Labor migration from Southeast Asia to Taiwan: issues, public responses and future development." Asian Education and Development Studies 10, no. 1 (May 19, 2020): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeds-02-2019-0043.
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PurposeThis paper is mainly focused on labor migration from Southeast Asia to Taiwan, showing a route of south–south mobility and discussing the causes of migrant workers in Taiwan, the issues faced by migrant workers as well as public response to migrant workers.Design/methodology/approachBesides a literate review on the topic of migrant worker researches in Taiwan, the data for this research was also based on qualitative interviews and observations conducted both in the fieldwork in Taiwan and in Indonesia between June and August during the summer of 2018.FindingsThe transnational mobility let many migrants from Southeast Asian countries to Taiwan end up losing their cultural capital and “make money” instead. For these migrants, they have experienced a downward social mobility of class through transnational mobility.Research limitations/implicationsBecause of the chosen research approach, the research results may lack generalizability. More migrant laborers from various origin countries were encouraged to include for further research.Practical implicationsLabor migration cases from Southeast Asia to Taiwan could very well serve as good examples in the carrying out of a reflection on the limit of focusing on social science only inside nation-states in order to push a forward thinking on the transnationalization of social inequality.Originality/valueThis paper calls attention to the close linkage between transnational mobility and social inequality. It showed how the transnationalization of social inequality could get new faces through the new waves of labor migration.
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Das, Uday, Jadab Munda, and Rahul Mondal. "CONCENTRATION OF MIGRATION BY MARITAL STATUS: A TOPICAL STUDY IN WEST BENGAL." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, no. 1 (January 24, 2021): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i1.2021.2891.
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Migration-study holds some classic question as like who migrate, why migrate and where to migrate. Migration researcher delegates their attention to summarizing the nature of migrants ('who') based on sex, age, and the caste to guide who migrate. Demographers do not pay much attention to the marital status of the migrants. The marital status of the migrants ('who') is a significant controlling factor on human mobility. Marriage is a monumental institution in population dynamics, which proximately determines the socio-economic behaviour of the individual. Marital status sometime works as an obstacle and an opportunity for migrants. This study attempts to discover pattern and concentration of migration by marital status and sex to the district of West Bengal from different states and Union Territories (UTs) of India, enumerated by Place of Last Residence (POLR) in 2011, through cluster analysis. The present study finds ever married female migration is much higher than ever married male and never married migration is male-dominated. Marriage is the main reason for female migration, and job opportunities consist of male migration.
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Durst, Judit, and Zsanna Nyírő. "Constrained choices, enhanced aspirations: Transnational mobility, poverty and development. A case study from North Hungary." Szociológiai szemle 28, no. 4 (2018): 4–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.51624/szocszemle.2018.4.1.
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This paper aims to contribute to the exploration of the nexus of poverty, migration and development by providing what has been lacking thus far; namely, a close ethnographic portrait, combined with a survey, that interprets the most typical and diverging migration trajectories and their impacts in an economically backward and ethnically differentiated region in Hungary. Building on the inspirational work of anthropologists and mobility scholars who propose to recover a global and multidimensional perspective on transnational movement when exploring the nexus between migration and its consequences for development, we carried out multi-sited ethnography, both in the sending and in the destination localities. We also conducted a survey among migrants who had returned, sometimes temporarily, to their community of origin. Using this multi-spatial approach, we demonstrate the different layers of the migration-development nexus. We argue that, on the global level, receiving countries all benefit from the cheap and flexible labor of poor migrants, be they Roma or non-Roma, skilled or low-skilled mobile laborers. However, on the level of migrant-sending localities, due to the differential migration patterns of local Roma and non-Roma, the developmental effects of the two groups’ geographical movement cannot be taken as homogeneous or leveled. For non-Roma families, when men leave behind their wives and children for the sake of financial betterment of their family, there is little developmental effect on community level, but only in a narrow financial sense. However, we argue, drawing on Appadurai’s (2004) “capacity to aspire” concept, that for a fraction of some kinship groups of low-skilled Roma who mainly migrate with their whole family, transnational mobility may not be as successful financially as for the non-Roma, although it has future-oriented developmental elements by potentially enhancing capacity to aspire for both migrants and non-migrants.
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Biao, Xiang. "The Would-Be Migrant: Post-Socialist Primitive Accumulation, Potential Transnational Mobility, and the Displacement of the Present in Northeast China." TRaNS: Trans -Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia 2, no. 2 (June 26, 2014): 183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/trn.2014.3.
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AbstractThis article argues that ‘would-be migrants’ – people who prepare for migrating overseas to the extent that their present lives are significantly changed – should become a central figure in migration studies. There are many more would-be migrants than actual migrants, and they also have deeper impacts on migration processes and local societies. Instead of treating the would-be migrant as a derivative of the category of ‘migrant’, this article establishes it as the primary figure, and argues that migration is a contingent outcome of being a ‘would-be’. In order to do so this article delves into the living conditions of would-be migrants in northeast China, with a focus on two aspects that concern them the most: the exorbitant intermediary fees and the high risks involved. The would-be migrants' experiences suggest that the prevalent pattern of unskilled outmigration since the 1990s should be understood as a result of developments inside of China, particularly a condition that I call the ‘displacement of the present’. The figure of would-be migrant is not only methodologically revealing for migration studies, but also urges us to rethink how we may engage with rapid social changes.
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Schielke, Samuli. "A Bigger Prison." Suomen Antropologi: Journal of the Finnish Anthropological Society 44, no. 2 (January 14, 2020): 40–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30676/jfas.v44i2.77709.
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How does existential mobility—the sense of being able to move forward in one’s life—relate to the experience of borders and limitations? Tawfiq is an Egyptian man who once longed to migrate to Europe or the United States, but has since then worked on and off as migrant worker in the Arab Gulf states. He has reflected on this question by using the metaphor of walls: prison walls over which one wants to jump, new walls which one faces next, walls that gently guide you to a certain direction, and the idea that facing and overcoming obstacles is what human life is about. Based on a longitudinal fieldwork with Egyptian labour migrants to the Gulf, this article takes up migrant labourers’ reflections about different senses of migration and travel, dreams, money, walls, limits, escape, steps, stability, return, postponement, forward movement and loops. Such ideas are helpful for thinking about the existential pursuits of moving forward in life, the moral shape of social becoming, and the political economy of migrant labour. Taken together, they also contribute to a non-binary understanding of movement and stasis, limits and openings, and the direction and magnitude of steps on the path of social becoming.
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Muminov, Nurlan. "IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE MOBILITIES OF CENTRAL ASIAN MIGRANTS." Central Asia's Affairs 87, no. 3 (September 15, 2022): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.52536/2788-5909.2022-3.05.
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The COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictive measures introduced in Russia and Central Asian countries have seriously disrupted the mobility patterns of migrant workers from Central Asia. The purpose of this study is to describe the new patterns of mobility that emerged both domestically and internationally during the COVID-19 pandemic, to study the policy measures taken by the governments of Russia and Central Asian states and their consequences for the mobility of migrants from Central Asia. To identify salient pandemic-related events impacting mobility and changing patterns of mobility of Central Asian migrants, the study heavily relied on a combination of pandemic-related official documents and national and regional news media sources.
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Pötzschke, Steffen. "Migrant mobilities in Europe: Comparing Turkish to Romanian migrants." Migration Letters 12, no. 3 (September 27, 2015): 315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v12i3.282.
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Besides huge differences in attitudes towards the European Union (EU), it seems to be common sense in nearly all strata of EU member states’ societies that the EU created a common and seemingly borderless space of mobility for its inhabitants. Sometimes this characteristic is not only the first positive thing that comes to people’s mind when asked about the Union but also the only one. This paper investigates to which extend Turkish migrants as third-country citizens residing in EU member states make use of this mobility space in a physical and non-physical manner. Data on Romanian migrants is used to contrast these findings. The analysis builds on recent survey data on transnational activities of migrants and nationals in six EU member states (Denmark, Germany, Italy, Romania, Spain and United Kingdom) collected by the EUCROSS study. It is found that a considerable part of the interviewed Turkish migrants visited other EU member states recently, but that, nevertheless, intra-EU mobility is less common in their case than for migrants from Romania. However, this difference can neither exclusively nor mainly be explained by the absence of European citizenship or by the residence within or outside the Schengen space.
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Randeria, Shalini, and Evangelos Karagiannis. "The Migrant Position: Dynamics of Political and Cultural Exclusion." Theory, Culture & Society 37, no. 7-8 (October 9, 2020): 219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276420957733.
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The lives and labour of migrants are increasingly shaped by political precarity and rightlessness in an unevenly globalized world. We argue that ‘undesirableness’ rather than mobility is constitutive of the ‘migrant’ position. Besides underscoring the asymmetrical power relations that define the position of the ‘migrant’ vis-à-vis the receiving state and society, an optic of ‘undesirableness’ also foregrounds the governmental techniques deployed to produce the figure of the ‘migrant’. We suggest that the framing of migrants as ‘unwanted’ is pivotal to the European non-entrée regime, which parallels cultural exclusion through an Orientalization of the discourse on migration. The immutable cultural alterity of the (Muslim) ‘migrant’ is thus presumed to pose a perennial threat to Western ‘liberal’ values. Two assumptions undergird this narrative of the ‘undesirable’ migrant as the quintessential ‘Other’ of the European Self: cultural determination of behaviour in migrant communities, and incompatibility of ‘migrant cultures’ with those of ‘host’ societies.
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Momesso, Lara, and Chun-Yi Lee. "Transnational mobility, strong states and contested sovereignty: Learning from the China–Taiwan context." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 26, no. 4 (December 2017): 459–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0117196817747102.
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Mobility across the Taiwan Strait has intensified since the border was opened in 1987. The cross-border social, cultural and economic exchanges, however, have remained closely embedded in the nationalistic logic specific to cross-Strait relations. Employing a state-centered approach and building on a comparative analysis of the interaction between Beijing and two groups of cross-Strait migrants (mainland spouses in Taiwan, and Taiwanese investors in China), this paper examines the various ways in which a state may still exert influence over migrant communities in a context of increased mobility and exchanges. This paper argues that the nation-state may still shape migrants’ experiences, particularly when sending and receiving governments have unresolved disputes. Under these conditions, state actors may use migrant communities to achieve their nationalistic goals.
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Petrova, Kristina. "Natural hazards, internal migration and protests in Bangladesh." Journal of Peace Research 58, no. 1 (January 2021): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343320973741.
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Does internal migration following natural hazards increase the likelihood of protests in migrant-receiving areas? To address the question, this study first looks at the extent to which experiencing different forms of natural hazards contributes to a household’s decision to leave their district of residence. In a second step, the article explores whether that internal migration flow increases the number of protest events in migrant-hosting districts. In doing so, it contributes to the existing debate on the extent to which natural hazards impact the likelihood of social contention, and the role of migration as a linking pathway in that relationship. The impact of climate-related shocks may erode household assets and therefore adaptive capacity in ways that can eventually influence decisions to migrate to larger urban centres. Although migrants are agents of economical and technological change, urban environments may impose challenges to recently arrived migrants and their host communities, affecting the motivations and mobilization resources of urban social groups to protest. As a consequence, the probability of urban unrest in these locations is expected to increase. To test this, I use geo-referenced household-level data from Bangladesh for the period 2010–15, which records households’ experiences of different forms of natural hazard and internal migration flows, available from the Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey. It combines this with data on protests, derived from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data. Findings suggest that flood hazards in combination with loss of assets increase the likelihood of internal migration, but unlike other types of domestic mobility, hazard-related migration does not increase the frequency of protests in migrants’ districts of destination.
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Werner, Cynthia, and Holly R. Barcus. "Mobility and Immobility in a Transnational Context: Changing Views of Migration among the Kazakh Diaspora in Mongolia." MIGRATION LETTERS 3, no. 1 (April 16, 2006): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v6i1.86.
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Inquiry into the causes and outcomes of transnational migration spans numerous disciplines, scales and methodological approaches. Fewer studies focus on immobility. Utilizing the Kazakh population of Mongolia as a case study, this paper considers how non-migrants view the economic and cultural costs of migrating. We posit that three factors, including local place attachments specific to Mongolia, access to information about life in Kazakhstan and the importance of maintaining social networks in Mongolia, contribute substantially to their decision to not migrate. Our findings suggest that the decision to not migrate can be very strategic for non-migrants in highly transnational contexts.
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Zhou, Ziming, Yumeng Jiang, Haitao Wu, Fan Jiang, and Zhiming Yu. "The Age of Mobility: Can Equalization of Public Health Services Alleviate the Poverty of Migrant Workers?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20 (October 16, 2022): 13342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013342.
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Migrants workers are important participants in and contributors to economic and social construction, but they still face the reality of being marginalized. Based on data from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey in 2018, this paper systematically investigated the impact of public health services on the multidimensional poverty of migrant workers. The research found that, first, the current mean of the multidimensional poverty deprivation value of migrant workers is 0.1806, which is one dimension of poverty that exists on average. In addition, migrant workers do not have high access to public health services. The proportions of migrant workers who have not established residents’ health files and who have not received public health education are 74.22% and 29.92%, respectively. Second, public health services can significantly alleviate the multidimensional poverty of migrant workers. After mitigating the potential endogeneity problem by the IV-2SLS method and conducting robustness tests by the PSM method, the conclusion is still robust. Further research found that the impact of public health services on the multidimensional poverty alleviation of migrant workers is heterogeneous. The improvement of public health services has the greatest effect on the multidimensional poverty alleviation of the new generation of migrant female workers in the western region. The research in this paper helps to examine and clarify the policy significance of public health services for the multidimensional poverty alleviation of migrant workers and provides empirical evidence for the use of public health services to tackle the poverty problem.
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Gull, Shayesta, and Syed Sabahat Shaheen. "Measurement of Women's Effect on Migration." Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities 1, no. 1 (November 30, 2021): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/ijrasb.1.1.3.
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The most often utilised approach to migration research has traditionally focused on movement of persons because of economic mobility. Improving the financial status of migrants and having an influence on their socioeconomic status is just as crucial, but when it comes to analysing the effects of migration, it does not truly enhance the economic and social standing of the migrants. This paper compiles the many ways in which people of various demographics are burdened by migration, including the social isolation and constrained mobility that it causes, and the ramifications of this confinement for migrant women, specifically the propensity to stay inside their homes and rise up the social ladder. Other subjects touched on in the study include the different effects that shape migrant women's perspectives, with a focus on matters beyond their initial choice and those brought on by social and political environments.
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Gull, Shayesta, and Syed Sabahat Shaheen. "Measurement of Women's Effect on Migration." Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities 1, no. 1 (November 30, 2021): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.1.1.3.
Full textAbstract:
The most often utilised approach to migration research has traditionally focused on movement of persons because of economic mobility. Improving the financial status of migrants and having an influence on their socioeconomic status is just as crucial, but when it comes to analysing the effects of migration, it does not truly enhance the economic and social standing of the migrants. This paper compiles the many ways in which people of various demographics are burdened by migration, including the social isolation and constrained mobility that it causes, and the ramifications of this confinement for migrant women, specifically the propensity to stay inside their homes and rise up the social ladder. Other subjects touched on in the study include the different effects that shape migrant women's perspectives, with a focus on matters beyond their initial choice and those brought on by social and political environments.
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Ling, Minhua. "“Snail Households”: Containerization of Migrant Housing on Shanghai's Fringe." positions: asia critique 30, no. 3 (August 1, 2022): 549–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10679847-9723724.
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Abstract China's escalated infrastructural building and real estate development have gradually erased urban villages and reduced affordable living space for rural-to-urban migrants. This article showcases the emerging practice of container housing among low-income migrants, based on ethnographic data collected between 2016 and 2018 in Shanghai. Such “snail households” living in removable cargo containers and prefabricated metal shelters represent a submissive coping mechanism in response to demolition and eviction, to reduce living cost and stay put on the urban fringe. This article examines the containerization of migrant housing, a process of sociospatial reconfiguration of migrant livelihood that has become increasingly precarious during China's economic restructuring in the twenty-first century. It shows how container housing reifies the state capitalist mode of production and accumulation. The containerization of migrant housing entails a multifaceted process of extraction of labor and land, during which migrants’ mobility and sense of entitlement are highly contained. Container housing represents migrants’ sociospatial precarity in China's exclusive urban citizenship and place-specific property regime. It symbolizes a reinforced subaltern position of migrants subdued in the politics of accumulation, which contributes to the lack of strong resistance and collective action amid forced eviction.
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Gaibazzi, Paolo. "Moving-with-Others." Migration and Society 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/arms.2019.020104.
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The article argues for an intersubjective understanding of mobility among aspirant migrants in the Gambia. Among other factors, Gambian young men’s desire to reach Europe and other destinations may stem from an experience of dispersal and abandonment in migrant households. Emigration becomes a way of restoring the viability of relationships, in a socioeconomic sense of regenerating ties and flows between migrants and nonmigrants, as well as in an existential-kinetic sense of experiencing others as moving closer to oneself. By highlighting intersubjective mobility, the article contributes to widening the scope of an existential take on movement and stasis. It further revises popular and scholarly views on the role of families and migrants in shaping aspirations to emigrate.
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Herwanti, Hj Titiek. "PENGARUH PENDAPATAN, LAMA KERJA DAN STATUS FAMILI TERHADAP REMITAN TENAGA KERJA WANITA PROPINSI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT." EKUITAS (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan) 15, no. 1 (February 8, 2017): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2011.v15.i1.2281.
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This research took place in West Praya subdistrict (Mangkung Village), Jonggat subdistrict (Puyung Village). All places was in Central Lombok Region, West Nusa Tenggara Province. The objective of this research is to know the factors that influence the number of remittance including it’s contribution toward household income, the changes of attitude according to environmetal perception and working ethos and also to know the influence of workers mobility toward the sustainable development in their region. This research have 90 respondents. 30 respondents represent return migrants, 30 respondents represent potensial migrants and 30 respondents respresent household migrant. The data of income, working period, and family’s status is taken from labor department. The result of this research shows that the income factors of destination country, working period and family’s status, influence the numbers of remittance. The income of household migrant and return migrants (which are 75,73% and 76,74%) increased because of the workers mobility. This situation also can bring positvef influence toward the environmental perception and working ethos, as well as giving contribute to sustainable development in their region
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Cisneros, Josue David. "Multilingualism, Multiculturalism, and Migration: A Critical Assessment." American Literary History 31, no. 3 (2019): 519–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajz018.
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AbstractThis essay-review assesses what has been dubbed a hybrid or mobile turn in work on immigration, literature, and language. Analogous to a broader mobility turn in studies of migration, scholars in literature and linguistics emphasize the fluidity, hybridity, and mobility of migrants’ (multi-)lingual practices and literatures, aiming to challenge sedimented ideas about linguistic assimilation or nationalism and monolingualism. While finding merit in these works, this essay argues that celebrations of migrant multilingualism and linguistic hybridity also can work in tandem with the racialization, economic exploitation, and exclusion of migrants. This is because certain forms of migrant multilingualism become forms of human capital under neoliberalism, while other forms of linguistic diversity or fluidity are, at best, made illegible or, at worst, used to racialize otherwise ideal neoliberal migrant subjects. Tracing how arguments for linguistic fluidity and hybridity are folded into complex and stratified forms of neoliberal subjectivity, multiculturalism, and economic value, the essay illustrates the necessity of situating studies of immigrant language practices and language policy within broader political, economic and world-historical contexts such as global racial capitalism.
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Debono, Manwel. "Migrants and the challenge of decent work in Malta." E-REVISTA INTERNACIONAL DE LA PROTECCION SOCIAL 2, no. 6 (2021): 272–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/e-rips.2021.i02.12.
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This paper investigates the challenges faced by migrants in their quest for decent work in the context of the small country of Malta. The country witnessed an extraordinary growth of migrant workers in recent years. While some laws promote migrants’ decent employment, others act as barriers. The Maltese population has traditionally resisted foreign workers and multiculturalism. However, such attitudes started improving especially among social partners who are increasingly supporting migrant workers and trying to improve their working conditions. Research indicates a range of difficulties faced by migrant workers in Malta, including: barriers to accessing employment; underemployment and lack of job mobility; insufficient training opportunities; higher risk of poverty despite working long hours; greater health and safety risks especially among those in undeclared work; complex relationships with superiors, colleagues and clients; and low unionisation. The Covid-19 pandemic increased the vulnerability of migrants and reversed some of the progress that had been accomplished in recent years, especially in terms of social attitudes.
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Fu, Wenying. "Spatial mobility and opportunity-driven entrepreneurship: the evidence from China labor-force dynamics survey." Journal of Technology Transfer 45, no. 5 (July 24, 2019): 1324–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10961-019-09746-9.
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Abstract Literature on regional entrepreneurship has tended to neglect inter-regional flows of human capital, and yet spatial mobility provide the nascent entrepreneurs with multi-location knowledge and networks to exploit entrepreneurial opportunities. The paper fills the gap by adopting an agent-environment interactionist perspective in the investigation on the interrelation between mobility and entrepreneurship. To be more specific, it deals with two underlying themes. First, the way through which the multi-location experiences and non-local knowledge equip the migrants with the pursuit of opportunity-driven entrepreneurship. Second, the distinctive relationship between the regional environment and opportunity-driven entrepreneurial motives for individuals with and without spatial mobility experiences. These themes are investigated with the China labor-force dynamics survey data, comparing the characteristics and drivers of entrepreneurial motives of the migrants and locals. The survey data presents clear evidence of a higher prevalence of opportunity-driven entrepreneurship in migrant entrepreneurs compared to their local counterparts. Furthermore, the ordered logit regression results demonstrate that spatial mobility experiences significantly promote the likelihood of entering into opportunity-based business. The regional environment exerts impacts on migrants and non-migrants’ entrepreneurial motives, yet in different ways. Local entrepreneurs are more influenced by the endogenous nature of firm ecology in the city, whereas migrant entrepreneurs start business pulled by both local demands and extra-local connectedness to greater market areas. Finally, the paper reflects upon possible implications for a more targeted and inclusive entrepreneurial policy, as well as the future areas of research.
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Mahdich, Alisa S. "GEOGRAPHY OF THE MIGRATION OF THE POPULATION OF UKRAINE TO THE COUNTRIES OF EUROPE: ANALYSIS OF THE POLICY OF INTEGRATION OF MIGRANTS IN THE COUNTRIES OF DESTINATION." Academic Review 1, no. 56 (June 2022): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2022-1-56-10.
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This study is devoted to the analysis of the geography of migration of the population of Ukraine over the last decade on the basis of the Global Index of Migrant Integration Policy (MIPEX) and the identification of factors that attract the population of Ukraine to migrate to other countries. According to European Commission statistics since 2014, the number of Ukrainian labor migrants moving to the European Union (EU) has increased significantly. In 2019, Ukrainian citizens received 660,000 residence permits for paid activities in member states – the largest external labor force in the EU. Thus, the dependence of Member States’ economies on Ukrainian workers has reached significant levels, as evidenced by the labor shortages observed during the COVID-19 crisis, which forced the EU to close its borders. Emigration reduces the supply of labor and accelerates the growth of wages of workers who remain in the country; one of the problems of concern is the loss of skills – most of Ukrainians work abroad without qualifications or do very simple work. The main benefit for the Ukrainian economy is related to the remittances, equivalent to 8% of GDP. Remittances significantly improve the well-being of migrant families and stimulate domestic demand, increasing the country’s GDP. Stable and significant inflow of remittances contributes to a more stable balance of payments, compensation for the constant deficit of trade and investment income. At the same time, there is a risk that migrants will remain permanently resident abroad, which will mean a decrease in the working population in Ukraine. In addition, the impact of emigration and remittances on Ukraine’s public finances is ambiguous: remittances increase VAT, excise and customs revenues, while reducing labor supply reduces revenues from labor taxes and social security contributions in Ukraine. Therefore, it is important to understand what factors currently attract the population of Ukraine to other countries. The Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX) is an index that measures the quality of migrant integration policy in 52 countries. The index indicators were developed for a multidimensional view of migrants’ opportunities to participate in public life. The index is a tool for evaluating and comparing the actions of governments to promote the integration of migrants in all analyzed countries. The index helps to understand and analyze the factors that contribute to the integration of migrants. The index covers the following areas of integration: labor market mobility; family reunification; access to services in the field of education; participation in political life; obtaining permanent residence; obtaining citizenship; antidiscrimination; access to health services.
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Coletto, Diego, and Giovanna Fullin. "Before Landing: How Do New European Emigrants Prepare Their Departure and Imagine Their Destinations?" Social Inclusion 7, no. 4 (November 7, 2019): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v7i4.2381.
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In migration studies, the preparation for the departure of people who decide to migrate has seldom been addressed as a distinct topic. This article aims at investigating how European migrants who moved or plan to move to another European country prepare their departure. It analyses stories of migrants who move from Italy, Spain, Romania, and Bulgaria. More specifically, attention is focused on departure preparation in order to investigate what migrants do before they depart and how the free mobility of work is perceived by Europeans and applied to their migration plans. Different from general statements about European integration and belonging or about obstacles to intra-EU mobility, the analysis of what individuals do in order to get ready to leave their country of origin provides a very realistic idea of how people perceive European Union and the mobility within it.
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Koikkalainen, Saara, Ritva Linnakangas, and Asko Suikkanen. "Does International Migration Pay Off? The Labor Market Situation of Finnish Return Migrants Based on Longitudinal Register Data." Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies 6, no. 4 (December 31, 2016): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.19154/njwls.v6i4.5612.
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International mobility is a form of flexible labor market adaptation available for young Nordic nationals who have the privilege of relatively easy return if life abroad does not work out. The article considers mobility as a labor market transition and examines the pre- and post-migration situation of two Finnish return migrant groups—those who lived abroad in 1999 and in 2004—based on longitudinal register data. It considers the consequences of return for an individual migrant: is it a form of failure in labor market integration in the country of destination or rather a sign of success whereby the skills, resources, and experiences gained abroad are brought back to the country of origin. Migrants who leave Finland nowadays often opt to move to other Nordic countries and are younger, more educated, and have a better socio-economic status than previous migrant generations. The article demonstrates that international migration does not deteriorate the returnees’ labor market status. While re-entry into the Finnish labor market may take some time and flexibility, mobility seems to pay off and have beneficial consequences: return migrants earn higher taxable incomes and have lower unemployment rates than their peers who only stayed in the national labor markets..