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1
PENKO, TEIXEIRA CAIO. "Housing is Much More Than a Roof Over One’s Head: The Urban Politics of Immigrant Squatters’ Movements." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/356091.
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L'attuale tesi di dottorato esplora alcuni dibattiti attuali sulla precarietà abitativa esaminando la
politica dei movimenti degli occupanti abusivi degli immigrati. Questa ricerca è ambientata a
Torino, ma esplora una questione urbana più ampia per quanto riguarda la disuguaglianza spaziale,
i gruppi sociali emarginati e l'attivismo. Basando il lavoro etnografico sul campo
nell'"Occupazione ex-MOI", questa ricerca definisce un quadro per l'analisi della ricerca di
immigrati per la casa e altri luoghi di abitazione in esilio. La presente ricerca affronta questo
problema considerando come gli immigrati clandestini hanno appropriato spazi emarginati della
città per ottenere e sostenere un certo grado di potere politico come produttori di città. In tutti i
capitoli basati sugli articoli, questa analisi cerca di fare i conti con il modo in cui l'accovacciamento
collettivo negli edifici vacanti l'ha fatto diventare un campo di battaglia sociale da cui può
emergere una performativity sovversiva attraverso atti di solidarietà. Questa tesi avanza borsa di
studio esaminando le modalità di azione collettiva attraverso i movimenti degli abusivi e invita i
lettori a ripensare la condizione della loro dismissione. Offre un'analisi empiricamente fondata del
ruolo dei movimenti squatting-autonomi e si schiera per gli immigrati privi di documenti, i rifugiati
e le persone che chiedono asilo, e, cosa più importante, produce un resoconto teorico convincente
di cui la giustizia e i diritti dovrebbero applicarsi. Le persone in movimento che vivono ai margini
e le loro lotte per diventare politiche sono in ultima analisi questioni affascinanti per la politica
urbana di oggi. Ci ricordano che i movimenti di base svolgono un ruolo importante nel determinare
come la vita urbana è vissuta e negoziata. Inoltre, ci ricordano la centralità della casa, e che
abbiamo il diritto di fare affermazioni sul nostro corpo, indipendentemente dall'immigrazione e
dallo status di cittadinanza.The present doctoral thesis explores some current debates about housing precarity by looking at the politics of immigrant squatters’ movements. This research is set in Turin but explores a wider urban question regarding spatial inequality, marginalized social groups, and activism. Drawing upon the ethnographic fieldwork in the “Ex-MOI Occupation,” this research sets out a framework for the analyses of immigrants’ search for home and other places of dwelling in exile. The present research addresses this issue considering how illegalized immigrants appropriate marginalized spaces in the city to gain access to and sustain some degree of political power as city makers. Throughout the article-based chapters, this analysis seeks to grapple with how collective squatting in vacant buildings has caused it to become a social battleground from which subversive performativity may emerge through acts of solidarity. This thesis advances scholarship by examining the modes of collective action through squatters’ movements and invites readers to rethink the condition of one’s dispossession. It offers an empirically grounded analysis of the role of squatting-autonomous movements and stands up for undocumented immigrants, refugees, and people seeking asylum, and more importantly, produces a compelling theoretical account of to whom justice and rights should apply. People on the move that live on the margins and their struggles for becoming political are ultimately fascinating matters for today’s urban politics. They remind us that grassroots movements play an important role in determining how urban life is experienced and negotiated. Moreover, they remind us of the centrality of home, and that we are entitled to make claims over our own bodies, regardless of immigration and citizenship status.
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Odden, Gunhild. "Migrants dans la ville : une étude socio-anthropologique des mobilités migrantes à Salamanque." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00824454.
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Cette thèse se propose d'étudier la mobilité des migrants et ses effets sur et l'évolution de l'espace urbain à Salamanque, une ville moyenne intérieure encore peu marquée par les migrations. Il s'agit de croiser une sociologie des parcours migratoires et une sociologie urbaine, avec comme clé de lecture la notion de projet migratoire. L'hypothèse de départ est celle d'un projet migratoire qui se dessine et se redessine au gré des rencontres et des opportunités. Par une procédure méthodologique compréhensive, s'inscrivant dans le cadre de la socio-anthropologie, il s'agit de saisir la logique des parcours, c'est-à-dire par une approche longitudinale de reconstituer les successions temporelles de mobilité, d'événements, de situations, de projets, et de décrire et d'analyser les manières d'investir - spatialement et temporairement - la ville.
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Bayrakdar, Said. "Educational outcomes and mobility in Turkish migrant and non-migrant families." Thesis, University of Essex, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701377.
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The socio-economic attainment of migrants and their descendants has been a pressing subject of research for scholars and policy makers. Educational outcomes attract particular attention, as education is a means for social advancement and achieving better occupational status. As the largest migrant group in Europe, Turks are of special interest in the discussion of migrant incorporation. However, assimilation theories dominate research, with limited interest, if any, in the true impact of migration on educational attainment. Using the unique 2000 Families dataset, this thesis compares the educational outcomes of Turks in European countries to their non-migrant comparators in Turkey across three generations. The 2000 Families dataset includes information about complete lineages of nearly 2000 persons born in Turkey between 1920 and 1945 in five high-sending regions; 80 per cent of these 'ancestors' migrated to Europe as 'guest workers' between 1960 and 1974, and 20 per cent stayed in Turkey. In this work, I first compare measurements of educational outcomes theoretically and their implications to international comparisons. methodologically. Next, I study the educational outcomes of Turks in Europe across two generations by comparing them to Turks in Turkey. I then focus on the direct effect of grandparents' socio-economic characteristics on educational outcomes and explore mobility patterns. Finally, I look at Turks in Europe and discuss country differences in their education as a positional good and note the effect of parental ethnic capital on educational outcomes. Existing research typically compares migrants to natives or other migrant groups in the destination countries. Therefore, it often overlooks changes migrants and their descendants go through relative to their comparators in the origin countries. Migrants' outcomes should be seen in reference to not only the groups in the destination but also those in the origin. Only then can a more complete picture of incorporation be drawn.
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Nahmed, Zineb. "Mobilité internationale des étudiants et le déclassement des migrants dans les pays d’accueil : Trois études empiriques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST0017.
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Depuis longtemps, il est connu que les immigrés s'insèrent difficilement sur le marché de travail des pays développés. Cette thèse vise à clarifier ce constat, en exploitant trois différentes bases de données. Elle est organisée autour de trois questions :(1)Quel est l'impact de la diaspora et de la qualité de l'enseignement supérieur sur le choix des étudiants étrangers des pays d'accueil pour poursuivre leurs études?(2)Obtenir un diplôme dans le pays d'accueil a-t-il un impact positif ou négatif sur le déclassement des Marocains Résidant à l'Etranger?(3)Quel est l'impact du déclassement sur le salaire dans les pays de l'Union Européenne chez les autochtones vs les immigrés ?La recherche aboutit à 3 résultats essentiels :•La qualité de l'enseignement supérieur et la diaspora des immigrés dans les pays de l'OCDE ont un impact positif sur la mobilité internationale des étudiants.•Les marocains résidant à l'étranger et ayant au moins le secondaire dans les pays d'accueil, sont les moins déclassés, et leur insertion professionnelle s'avère facile.•Les immigrés déclassés dans les pays de l'Union Européenne sont moins rémunérés que les autochtones déclassésFor a long time, it is known that immigrants have significant difficulties on the labor market in developed countries. This thesis tries, to a certain degree, to clarify theses difficulties, using three different databases. The analysis relies, mainly on econometric models. It is articulated on three questions:(1)Which factors determine the international mobility of students?(2)Is the fact of obtaining a degree in host country has an impact on the probability of Moroccans living abroad to be overeducated in the European labor market?(3)What is the incidence of the overeducation situation on wages of natives versus immigrants in European Union labour market?The research conducted here leads to three main results:• The quality of higher education and the network of immigrants in OECD countries have a positive impact on international mobility of student.• Moroccans residing abroad who have at least secondary level in the host country, have more opportunities to not be overeducated, and their professional insertion is easier• Immigrants overeducated are paid less than native overeducated in the European labour market
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Preturlan, Renata Barreto. "Mobilidade e classes sociais: o fluxo migratório boliviano para São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8132/tde-11062013-105409/.
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O objeto deste trabalho é o fluxo migratório boliviano para São Paulo. Ele tem como objetivo contribuir para os avanços teóricos sobre as migrações em geral, e para o avanço das teorizações sobre as migrações transnacionais em particular, problematizando a estruturação dos fluxos migratórios pelas diferenças de classes sociais. A pesquisa visa responder em que medida as diferenças e hierarquias de classes sociais constituem uma dimensão relevante para a análise e compreensão de fluxos migratórios, especialmente aqueles marcados por forte mobilidade espacial, como o fluxo boliviano para São Paulo. A hipótese que orientou a investigação é de que a extração de classe dos migrantes e sua situação de classe no local de destino são dimensões centrais para a compreensão dos diferentes perfis dos fluxos migratórios, suas condições de integração e relação com o Estado e o espaço público. Foi adotado o conceito de classe social de Max Weber. A investigação se debruçou sobre as condições que dão origem aos fluxos migratórios bolivianos, incluindo sua inserção no sistema migratório regional vinculado aos setores de confecções da capital paulistana e de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Também é discutida a situação de classe dos migrantes em São Paulo, principalmente a partir de suas principais inserções no mercado de trabalho local (setor de confecções e comércio ambulante). A partir deste diagnóstico, é discutida inserção dos migrantes no espaço público, sua relação com o Estado brasileiro e suas formas de organização e associação. Por fim, a partir de uma análise microssocial, discutem-se as motivações e perspectivas do projeto migratório, e o papel dos objetivos de ascensão social na estruturação das suas trajetórias migratórias e de vida.his study concerns the Bolivian migration flow to São Paulo. Its objective is to contribute to promote theoretical developments on migrations in general, and to the theories on transnational migrations in particular, discussing the structuring role of social classes differences regarding migration flows. This research seeks to answer the following question: to what extent social classes differences and hierarchies are a relevant dimension to the analysis and comprehension of migration flows, especially those characterized by intense special mobility, such as the Bolivian migration flow to São Paulo? The hypothesis that guided the investigation is that the migrants class extraction and their class situation in the place of settlement are central dimensions to comprehending the different types of migration flows, their conditions of integration and their relationship to the state and public space. Max Webers concept of social classes was adopted in this study. The research focused on the conditions that originate the Bolivian migration flows, including their role in the regional migration system related to the garment industry in São Paulo and Buenos Aires (Argentina). It also discusses the migrants class situation in São Paulo, especially according to their main occupations in the São Paulo labor market (garment industry and street trading). Based on this diagnosis, the study discusses the migrants access to the public space, their relationship to the Brazilian state and their associative initiatives. Lastly, from a micro social perspective, it discusses the motivations and perspectives of the migration project, and the role of the rising social mobility objectives in the structuring of their migration and life trajectories.
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Madrisotti, Francesco. "L'étape marocaine des self-made migrants. La recherche d'une émancipation économique et sociale par la mobilité." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH082/document.
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’appuyant sur une ethnographie d’environ cinq ans, effectuee entre 2010 et 2015 dans la ville de Tanger, l’enquete presentee ici interroge les formes de mobilité et les pratiques économiques mises en place par des migrants originaires de l'Afrique de l'Ouest et exclus des circuits de la mobilité privilégiée. Je décris ces individus comme des self-made-migrants qui, ne disposant pas des moyens économiques, administratifs et relationnels leur permettant d'accéder aux cir-cuits de la mobilité privilégiée, construisent, par le bas, une mobilité transnationale et subalterne réalisée par étapes et contournements de frontières. Cette mobilité se configure comme un projet et est conçue par les migrants comme un moyen pour “chercher leur vie”, a savoir pour chercher de manière autonome de nouvelles opportunités et une émancipation économique et sociale et s'imposer ainsi comme les acteurs de leur destin. Cette quête est orientée moins par une desti-nation precise que par la volonte de “sortir” et de circuler dans un ailleurs indefini et ouvert qui devient le catalyseur des imaginaires de réussite de ces migrants. Cette mobilité se réalise par étapes, à travers des découvertes, des explorations, des allers-retours : les migrants inventent ainsi étape après étape des parcours singuliers en reformulant constamment leurs itinéraires en fonction des contraintes et des opportunités qui se présentent. À travers mon enquête j'explore la relation existant entre cette forme de mobilité transnationale subalterne et des pratiques économiques de la mobilité et de la débrouille que les migrants in-ventent et développent afin d'alimenter leur trajectoire. Ces pratiques relèvent d'une économie de la pauvreté, caractérisée par des revenus extrêmement modestes et aléatoires et par un manque complet de toute forme de protection. Je montrerai que ces pratiques s'ancrent dans les marges de l'économie régulière et se greffent sur d'autres formes de mobilités qui se croisent et s'imbriquent dans la région tangéroise : des mobilités touristiques et commerciales notamment. Ces pratiques sont en outre transposables et peuvent être déclinées de manière inédite lors des étapes futures des itinéraires de ces self-made-migrants. Ces self-made-migrants sont donc les acteurs d'une mobilité subalterne qui se fonde sur des pratiques économiques de la débrouille qui leur permettent de circuler sur des territoires trans-nationaux et alimenter ainsi leur quête d'émancipation économique et sociale. Mots-clés : self-made-migrants, migration, mobilité transnationale, économie de la mobilité, économie de la débrouille, émancipation économique et sociale, étape, MarocBased on an ethnographic field, made between 2010 and 2015 in the Tangier city, this research seeks to find out how the West African moves excluded of the circuits of the mainstream migration, and the economical practices they use in order to move. I describe these individuals as the self-made-migrants, whom not having access to the economical, administrative and social resources to move, they create by they own means, a transnational and subordinate mobility made by stages and border circumventions. This mobility is understood as a project, and a way to “seek their life”. For them, this expression means to look autonomously new social and economic opportunities to become the main character of their destiny. This quest is not lead by the destination but by the will of “going out” and move in an indefinite elsewhere, which becomes the catalyst of the imaginations of success of these migrants. This mobility is made by stages, through discoveries, explorations, and roundtrips. The migrants create, step by step, singular journeys by constantly reformulating the itinerary, in order to respond to the opportunities and the difficulties they found on their quest. In this research I explore the relationship between this transnational subordinated mobility and the economical practices created by the migrants in order to continue the trip. These economical strategies take part of the economics of poverty, defined by lowest and random incomes, and by a lack of protection. I’ll show that these strategies are link to the regular economy and are related to other forms of mobility found in the Tangier region. These strategies are also easy to transpose and adapt to other contexts in other steps of the journey. The self-made migrants are the actors of a subordinated mobility based on a precarious economy that nonetheless allows them to continue their transnational journey and their pursuit of an economic and social emancipation. Key Words: self-made-migrants, migration, transnational mobility, economics of the mobility, precarious economy, social and economic emancipation, stage, Morocco
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ANIMENTO, STEFANIA. "Bringing movement into class analysis: the case of young Italian migrants in Berlin." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/241263.
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La sociologia si è occupata a lungo delle migrazioni come un problema sociale. Tuttavia, di recente, è stato dimostrato che queste si differenziano su basi sociali, economiche, culturali e di genere. Da tale differenziazione, questa ricerca decostruisce il concetto di migrazione, includendo l’analisi della classe sociale come componente fondamentale per la comprensione del fenomeno. Dalla crisi del 2008, il gap socio-economico tra Nord e Sud Europa si è allargato, producendo nuovi flussi migratori. In dieci anni, in capitali come Londra e Berlino il numero di giovani sud europei è quasi raddoppiato. Anche se l’immigrazione è divenuta centrale nelle politiche europee e nella ricerca sociologica, questi flussi hanno suscitato scarso interesse. In contesti di crescita demografica e aumento dei prezzi delle case, come Berlino, i migranti sud-europei sono considerati, da una parte, migranti economici, dall’altra come giovani in cerca di uno stile di vita urbano e cosmopolita nei quartieri in via di gentrificazione. La ricerca analizza le ragioni politiche ed analitiche alla base dei processi di categorizzazione della mobilità. Per farlo, si considera questa come risorsa che genera reddito, ma in un modo iniquo. Quali sono I modi in cui la classe sociale influenza la mobilità e come questa viene incorporata in un regime di governance della migrazione? Come va intesa la relazione tra mobilità e processi di formazione di classe? La ricerca oscilla tra queste domande, contribuendo ai campi dell’analisi della classe sociale e degli studi sulla migrazione in due modi distinti. In primo luogo, la parte teorica volge all’analisi dell’ascesa, del declino e della riscoperta del concetto di classe sociale, problematizzandone le teorie. Inoltre, si riconsidera il concetto Weberiano della “condotta di vita” per comprendere il ruolo dei rapporti di produzione e di riproduzione. In secondo luogo quindi, la parte empirica della ricerca, basata su una web survey, 40 interviste e 3 focus groups, studia i modi di accesso alle risorse sviluppati da giovani italiani emigrati a Berlino. Si illustra come questi abbiano una condotta di vita basata su un continuo imperativo a muoversi che esonda dal campo della mobilità spaziale a quello del lavoro, o anche alle relazioni. Si analizza come i giovani migranti siano coinvolti da processi di differenziazione sociale nel mercato del lavoro e in quello abitativo; in che modo interagiscano con i processi di “inclusione differenziale” influenzati sia dall'economia che dall'istituzione statale. La logica del “the best and the brightest” si manifesta già con le procedure per la registrazione anagrafica, cruciale per stabilizzarsi in città. Così viene riconosciuto lo status formale di migranti dell’Unione Europea e assegnato un posto all’interno della “gerarchia di cittadinanza”. Coloro che invece rimangono a lungo esclusi dall’ottenimento della registrazione, continuano ad essere considerati come turisti, vivendo esperienze di estremo sfruttamento e deprivazione. Esposti alle forze centrifughe della precarietà abitativa, occupazionale e relazionale; molti sviluppano una quotidianità marcata dal consumo di droghe e dal clubbing. La ricerca mostra come gli stessi migranti contribuiscano a definire i confini simbolici tra i meritevoli e i non, partendo dall'etica del lavoro o di un misurato edonismo.
In conclusione la ricerca dimostra come la migrazione di giovani dal Sud verso il Nord dell’Europa, tutt’altro che “libera” e priva di attriti e condizionamenti, sia gestita localmente con un' “inclusione differenziale”. La governance della migrazione non punta infatti ad una riduzione del fenomeno, ma ad una sua intensificazione e all'attivazione di una mobilità permanente. Così, se la mobilità diventa una risorsa, economica innanzitutto, la questione centrale nella società contemporanea riguarda la proprietà di questa risorsa ed il suo controllo.For long time research has studied migration as a social problem, focusing on the disadvantages connected with it. However, it has recently proved that migration has become increasingly differentiated along social, economic, gender and cultural lines. Against this diversifying background, the research intends to unravel the concept of migration by introducing social class as a crucial intervening variable. Since the economic crisis started in 2008, the social and economic gap between the North and the South of Europe has widened. A major effect has been the increase of migratory flows of young people. In metropolises like Berlin or London, young South Europeans have almost doubled within ten years. While migration has become a central node of European politics and research, however, these migratory flows have been largely neglected. In urban contexts characterized by growing population and exploding rent prices, such as Berlin, young South Europeans are framed at one time as economic migrants repopulating the guest workers routes and lifestyle migrants moving to the gentrifying neighborhoods of the city. The research questions the political and analytical grounds of such processes of categorization of human mobility. It suggests considering mobility as an income-generating resource unevenly distributed across the population. The exploration of differentials of mobility, i.e. the different access to power and control over fixity and mobility, is the analytical key to open the black-box of migration. How does the social class of migrants affect their mobility and the ways how it is incorporated into a migration regime? How is mobility related to processes of class formation in contemporary capitalism? The analysis oscillates between the two research questions, contributing to the fields of Class Analysis and Migration Research in two distinct ways. Firstly, the theoretical part tackles the rise, decline and renaissance of the class concept, showing the blind spots of class analysis. It pleads for the re-discovery of the Weberian concept of life conduct to hold together the role of production and reproduction in people´s practices of livelihood. Secondly, the empirical part, i.e. a web survey, 40 interviews and 3 focus groups, explains how Italian migrants access resources in Berlin developing a life conduct predicated on mobility. The imperative to move spills over from the domain of spatial mobility into the domain of work, with the refusal of doing the same job “forever”, and into that of reproduction, with the construction of flexible forms of emotional engagement. Newcomers enter processes of social differentiation on the housing and labor market, in interaction with “differential inclusion” operated by state and market. The logic of “the best and the brightest” applies to them via a mix of requirements for getting a registration, the key to fixing oneself to the city. Once registered, they formally become migrant subjects placed in a quite privileged position within the hierarchy of citizenship status. Those who are stuck in the fatiguing process of registering, however, are formally considered as tourists, while they are experiencing deprivation and hyper-exploitation. Exposed to strong centrifugal forces such as housing, occupational and relational precarity, they often engage in clubbing and drugs. The research highlights how migrants participate in the construction of symbolic boundaries between deserving and undeserving movers, based on the valorization of hard work and moderated hedonism. Finally, migration from the South to the North of Europe, far from being “free” and frictionless, is managed by processes of differential inclusion placed at the local level. Endless mobilization, rather than migration reduction, appears as the main policy goal for the governance of intra-EU migration. If mobility is a resource, then, the crucial issue is about its ownership and control in contemporary societies.
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DEGLI, UBERTI Stefano. "Antropologia della mobilità e spazi dell'immaginario. Un'etnografia urbana sui "migranti in piroga" e non-migranti nel Senegal contemporaneo." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/918.
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Starting from the question on how ‘mobility’ is experienced and described in Senegalese context (the migrants country of origin), the PhD research aims to examine the relationship between mobility, space and imagination, their role in the social construction of migratory dimension. This purpose is pursued by looking at the phenomenon of “clandestine” pirogue migrants to Canary Islands and the experiences of non-migrants (relatives of migrants, neighbourhood friends, people professionally involved in touristic activities) in the peripheries of Dakar and the touristic urban areas of Mbour-Saly. Considering the strong influence of tourism in these latter places, part of the work aims to deepen the social transformations triggered by the tourism (tourist actors), and the role that it plays among the residents, and to what extend it gives meaning to images, narrations and daily practices through which these people grow their desir de l'Ailleurs, and build up the social representation of the Elsewhere. On the other hand, the research explores the historicity of migratory processes and the specific ‘culture of migration’, by focusing the attention on the social practices, the organizational logics, the choices, as well as on the representations and practices of inclusion/exclusion that the migrants or ‘candidates to migration’ endure within the urban areas and in relation to the social contexts wherein they get into.
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Achtnich, Marthe. "Mobility in crisis : Sub-Saharan migrants' journeys through Libya and Malta." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cccd4fc5-5e71-4a36-b468-60df3fb01ce6.
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This thesis is a multi-sited ethnography of sub-Saharan migrants' journeys through Libya and by boat to Malta. Its overall aim is to understand how undocumented migrants make and conceptualise their complex journeys through shifting regulatory landscapes. The thesis draws upon, and consequently develops, understandings of migrants' mobilities, both within anthropology and wider migration studies. Over the course of their journey through Libya and Malta, sub-Saharan migrants move across uneven topographies in place and time, from the vast expanse of the Sahara Desert to the turbulent Mediterranean Sea, from situations of detention to everyday houses in society, from the hands of smugglers to the arms of the law. To this end, the thesis is guided by three wider objectives. First, investigating how different forms of mobility are part of migrants' journeys. Second, examining how migrants navigate such journeys. And third, understanding the ways in which migrants encounter and negotiate borders en route. These objectives are engaged with through a multi-sited ethnography tracing migrants' journeys through five contexts: sites of confinement and detention in Libya, everyday spaces of Libyan society, the boat crossing, and finally the legal framework in Malta. These varying contexts prompt comparisons across particular sites, processes and practices on a journey, highlighting elements that might be generalized and those that are specific. The ethnography is presented in five chapters, their sequence mirroring the overall journey of migrants through Libya and Malta. Unpacking the journey and mobility, this thesis develops a set of interrelated arguments. First, it deconstructs the notion of migrants as a homogenized group of people on a linear trajectory aimed at Europe. It goes beyond typologized understandings of migrants, such as legal, illegal, refugee or asylum seeker, that fix migrants into static categories linked to the state or specific crisis situations. Second, it front-stages the journey as a focal point of inquiry, thereby addressing a theme under-acknowledged in the anthropology of mobility and migration. This enables a move beyond state-centric and isolated understandings of migrants' mobilities to one that accounts for the multiplicity of journeys and processes en route. Third, this emphasis on the journey highlights the importance of thinking through relations involving multiple actors and bordering encounters. Taken together, these arguments advance important insights into the anthropologies of mobility and migration. The thesis makes wider contributions by conceptualizing an 'architecture' of the journey, constituted by three inter-related components: mobility, navigation, and borders. They offer a more nuanced understanding of migration and mobility in (post-)conflict settings, one that not only has implications for understanding sub-Saharan migrants' journeys through Libya and by boat to Europe, but one also relevant to other crisis contexts as well.
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Costantino, Ivan. "Becoming urban : space and mobility amongst Tibetan migrant youths in Lhasa." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:510b7ac6-d818-4291-a6c5-15f1c4b4b0db.
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This thesis examines how Tibetan residents of different social backgrounds use and experience the space of the city of Lhasa. I mainly concentrate on young Tibetan rural migrants and document a number of similarities and differences between their spatial practices and those of young Tibetans from urban backgrounds. This thesis shows that my rural migrant informants generally gravitate towards the old quarter of the city, where they practise at religious sites, attend informal private schools, and reside in heavily religious and traditionalist domestic spaces. These spatial practices largely distinguish them from young Tibetans from wealthier families (particularly those of government workers) and who have previously lived in inland China: most often these youths frequent sinicised parts of the city, inhabit domestic spaces lacking religious objects, and are either less interested in or banned from engaging in religious practice. Despite these different orientations, however, the ethnography ultimately shows that a clear-cut distinction between villagers and urbanites cannot be drawn. By looking at both the city of Lhasa and nearby rural villages, the thesis shows that neither the former nor the latter are univocally traditionalist or modernising. Furthermore, informants’ practices both persist and change over time and while throughout the fieldwork some young migrant informants continued in their largely traditionalist engagements within Lhasa’s space, others changed their attitudes and started paying less attention to religion and traditionalist pursuits. To do justice to the changing orientations of my informants, I apply a dynamic theoretical model drawn from practice theory whereby practices and predispositions are shown to be resilient, but not fixed. Ultimately, this thesis proposes that, despite the presence of often-distinct orientations between villagers and urbanites in contemporary Lhasa, all young Tibetans in the city share a common socio-political terrain. In Lhasa, traditionalist predispositions persist, but social mobility, government control, and urbanisation also often lead to the development of more practical, secular, and sinicised attitudes.
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Vianello, Francesca. "Migrando sole: pratiche femminili di mobilità transnazionale tra Ucraina e Italia." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425207.
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This dissertation investigates female migratory practices between the Ukraine and Italy. The research aim is to explore how migrant women move across the trans-national space, mediating continuously between their ambitions and external obligations; both structural processes and family and community social ties.
The research is based on a trans-national perspective in order to analyse the migratory process from a twofold point of view, that of the departing country and that of the destination country, and therefore to comprehend the phenomenon multiple dimensions. The methodology adopted during the research was the ethnographic one; the semi-structured interview, oriented to recollect the migratory experiences narrations, joined with the realization of some periods of field work in the Ukraine. In total 45 narrative interviews with migrants, returned migrants and migrants' relatives were gathered, and 24 interviews with privileged informants.
The main analytical issues of the dissertation are: the tension between individual autonomy and external conditionings, and the processes of commodification and de-commodification of social relations. Regarding the first question, the different strategies adopted by Ukrainian migrants during their trans-national mobility course were analysed. While regarding the second question, two phenomena characterizing this migration were studied, some forms of social exchange monetization and the remittances earmarking.
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Robertson, Shanthi, and shanthi robertson@rmit edu au. "Negotiated Transnationality: Memberships, Mobilities and the Student-Turned-Migrant Experience." RMIT University. Design and Social Context, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20090119.143830.
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This thesis is an exploratory study of the lives and experiences of international students who apply for and gain permanent residency (PR) after completing tertiary study in Australia. The thesis uses sociological theories and methods to focus on the ways that students-turned-migrants maintain transnational connections, and negotiate their memberships and sense of belonging across Australia and other countries. This research is important because there is negligible extant literature that connects the international study experience and the skilled migration experience as two steps in the same process. Furthermore, research that does address this phenomenon tends to look at students-turned-migrants as a 'policy problem', usually focusing on their labour market integration. In contrast, this thesis foregrounds this distinctive group of contemporary migrants' subjective experience of the migration process and their ongoing transnational connections. The research used cultural probes (packages of mixed media materials such as diaries, maps and disposable cameras, which participants used to document aspects of their lives) and in-depth interviews to provide a rich understanding of the multiplicity and breadth of participants' individual experiences, with various reflective representations of the individuals' narratives at the core of the study. The analysis covers two aspects of the student-turned-migrant experience: the acquisition of memberships, such as PR and citizenship, and the maintenance of mobilities, including virtual mobility through media and communications technology, and corporeal mobility through forms of travel such as return visits. The analysis reveals that students-turned-migrants undergo a distinct migration experience, characterised by three sequential gates of membership: their entrance as transient students, their acquisition of residency and their decisions about citizenship. Transnational consciousness diffuses their decision-making at each stage of this process, as they negotiate the memberships available to them as a means to balance their desires and obligations across home and host countries. The analysis reveals that student-turned-migrant choices and experiences are often affected by macro-political forces. Choices about citizenship are heavily influenced by global regimes of mobility and the media, and their acqu isition of residency is negotiated through the institutions and regulations of the immigration regime. The analysis also reveals that students-turned-migrants engage with a diverse range of transnational practices, many of which are closely grounded in the use of technology to maintain transnational connections. The findings reframe students-turned-migrants as more than just a policy problem, but rather as a unique group of contemporary migrants, with several key features that set them apart from previous waves of Australian migrants. While they are less integrated into established local ethnic communities, they maintain very strong connections overseas. They maintain regular contact through virtual mobilities and display a high propensity for return travel. They value mobility highly and display an acute awareness of both the advantages and challenges of sustaining mobile lives. The study of their experiences not only reveals a great deal about the nature of transnationality and mobility in an increasingly globalised world, but also suggests that if this type of migration continues in the future, it may have implications for Australia's patterns of cultural diversity and international integration.
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Jackson, T. "Migrants as knowledge carriers : international mobility and the highly skilled in Serbia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1348483/.
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This research is a study of knowledge transfer through international mobility in Serbia, focusing on the knowledge and skills that individuals acquire, generate and transfer through the migration experience. Grounded in the literatures on migration and development, globalisation, and knowledge management, the thesis measures the acquisition and transfer of formal skills, qualifications and tacit skills by mobile individuals. Integration of Eastern European countries into global and regional economic and political structures has reinvigorated the study of migration and this project is designed to plug a gap in empirical research on the micro-level experiences of knowledge transfer by return migrants. One of the key questions of this research is why knowledge transfer does not automatically follow return migration, often in spite of micro and macro level efforts targeting skilled migrants. The research argues that the workplace is a key site where reintegration can be observed and measured, and finds that highly skilled returnees carry a range of skills and competences that can benefit workplaces in economic transition. The research also demonstrates that domestic and international factors play a crucial role in the ability of return migrants to transfer knowledge to Serbia. While the workplace is the principal level of investigation, a multi-level analysis is required in recognition of the multiple factors that influence international mobility. As such, this research also analyses the role of the state, global processes, individual motivations, and different types of knowledge. The research approach is multi-method, comprising qualitative and quantitative analysis of unique survey and interview data, and documents produced by government departments, international bodies and NGOs. The methodology also uses qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to identify the conditions that lead to knowledge sharing in the workplace.
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Oberdabernig, Doris Anita, and Alyssa Schneebaum. "Catching Up? The educational mobility of migrants' and natives' children in Europe." Taylor & Francis Publisher Group, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2016.1267843.
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Migrants into European countries are often less educated than European natives. We analyse whether migrants' children are more or less likely than natives' children to achieve upward educational mobility across generations, and study differences in the factors, which contribute to differences in mobility for the two groups. We find that migrants' descendants are more often upwardly mobile (and less often downwardly mobile) than their native peers in the majority of countries studied, and show that the main factor contributing to these patterns is the education level of parents. Although a lower parental education means that their children are less likely to access the same amount of human, social and financial capital as children of more highly educated parents, migrants' descendants over the last two generations were able to make significant progress in reducing education gaps with natives.
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Ceriani, Sebregondi Giorgia. "Quand la mobilité change le rapport au Monde : migrants marocains en Méditerranée." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010675.
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Quels sont les effets de l'entrée dans la mobilité sur le rapport au Monde des individus? Voici la question posée ici à travers l'étude des migrants Marocains en Italie et en Espagne. Par une analyse qualitative multisites, nous avons essayé de comprendre comment la migration internationale induit l'insertion dans un système global de mobilités. Pour cela, nous avons appréhendé les migrations comme une pratique géographique de mobilité et la mobilité comme l'association d'un potentiel et de son actualisation. Les principales conclusions de ce travail de recherche sont, d'une part, l'émergence d'une nouvelle espèce de capital, mobilitaire, fondé sur l'interaction systémique entre compétences des acteurs, potentiel des lieux et expérience de la mobilité. D'autre part, la construction de nouveaux agencements dialogiques entre individus géographiquement pluriels, espaces et lieux. Ils s'illustrent par l'apparition d'une spatialité mobilitaire et une diversification des types d'habiter.
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Sierra, Mónica. "Présence et impacts des nouvelles technologies sur les phénomènes migratoires : le cas des nouveaux immigrants argentins à Sherbrooke." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6537.
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À travers la littérature théorique sur le sujet, nous avons pu remarquer que pendant les dernières années, le processus migratoire a subi des changements : le nombre de migrations internationales a augmenté et les flux migratoires ont privilegié des directions nouvelles. En même temps, grâce au développement accélére des nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) et à la baisse de leurs coûts, les caractéristiques de la migration ont été modifiées : les pratiques de communication transnationales sont devenues facilement accessibles et plus fréquentes. Les TIC ont mis au service des migrants de nouveaux circuits pour communiquer et ont introduit des changements dans la façon de le faire. Le discours transmis au moyen des TIC n'est pas limité au récit d'événements : il est composé par des expressions d'émotions, d'états d'âme récents, des sensations, qui permettent de rapprocher les territoires, et même de les unifier, donnant l'image d'une présence connectée. Ce lointain devenu accessible par les TIC crée un espace social de présences simultanées, ou plutôt de coprésences, défini par une forte interaction qui a remplacé aujourd'hui le sentiment ancien de double absence (n'être plus là et pas encore ici). L'ancienne image du migrant déraciné s'est vue remplacée par celle d'un migrant qui circule en gardant le contact avec son pays d'origine. Ce nouveau modèle, celui du migrant connecté, est caracterisé par l'hypermobilité et la multiappartenance qui l'installent dans une mobilité perçue, de nos jours, comme positive. L'usage répandu des nouvelles technologies a permis l'expression d'une culture du lien (jusqu'ici existante à l'état latent et peu développée), axée sur la création de réseaux. Les réseaux pourraient occuper une importance majeure dans le processus d'intégration à un nouveau territoire, dans la participation à la vie associative ainsi que dans la conservation de la mémoire identitaire. Notre cadre théorique est constitué par la littérature sur le sujet et nous allons nous appuyer sur une recherche de terrain pour constater à quel degré un groupe précis, celui des immigrants argentins à Sherbrooke, se sert des TIC dans son vécu migratoire et de quelle manière cet usage peut avoir une influence sur son intégration au pays d'accueil.
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Duvivier, Émilie. "Entre protection et surveillance : parcours et logiques de mobilité de jeunes migrants isolés." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL12009/document.
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Cette thèse s’est attachée à mettre en évidence l’hétérogénéité des parcours dissimulés par la catégorie du « mineur étranger isolé », mais aussi la force des relations qui entourent l’élaboration des projets et les conditions de leur réalisation dans les sociétés de réception. En considérant la dimension processuelle de la migration depuis leur départ, puis en privilégiant une approche centrée sur leurs expériences à Lille et Bruxelles, l’étude souligne que le parcours des jeunes isolés s’élabore en articulation avec leurs relations sociales et familiales, et qu’il évolue selon les contraintes et/ou les occasions (économiques, politiques, institutionnelles, familiales) rencontrées en chemin dans les pays d’immigration et/ou de transit. Leurs récits mettent également en évidence la production d’apprentissages sur les routes migratoires et les « ficelles » qui se transmettent dans les différents territoires de circulation et/ou d’installation. Compétences linguistiques, capacité d’adaptation, de recherche d’informations, établissement de réseaux, sont autant d’apprentissages qui apparaissent au fil des histoires qui nous ont été présentées – des savoirs et savoirs-faire construits de manière informelle, avant leur départ et au fil des rencontres, mais aussi en relation avec les institutions du travail social. Qu’ils soient encadrés par les institutions de manière régulière ou non, ces jeunes migrants demeurent toutefois sous l’emprise de l’Etat, contraints d’organiser leur vie autour de la recherche de papiers, la crainte des procédures juridiques et la hantise de se voir refuser l’hospitalité nécessaire pour parvenir à réaliser leurs projetsThis PHD study bring to light heterogeneity of careers concealed by the category of "unaccompanied migrant minor", but also the strength of relationships wich put around their projects, before their departure and into reception societies. This study, realized in Lille and Brussels, show that young unaccompanied minor's career grows in connection with their social and family relations. It also evolves with constraints and/or opportunities (economical, political, institutional and family opportunities) met on the way in immigration or transit countries. Their stories bring also to light learning productions over migration roads, and "tips" transmitted in different circulation and/or installation territories. Language and adaptation abilities, information searches, network creations, are so many trainings that appear in the course of stories related; knowledge build in informal way, before their departure and through chance meetings, but also in connection with social work institutions. Whether they are supervised by institution in regular way or not, these young migrants remain however under the State influence and they are forced to organize their life around papers search, and fear of deportation
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Ignatowicz, Agnieszka. "Migration and mobility of new Polish migrants in England : narratives of lived experience." Thesis, Aston University, 2012. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/17474/.
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This thesis sets out to understand the act of migrating in a period of growing movement of people. It captures the subjective experience of individual migrants, as narrated in the migration stories of 32 “new” Polish migrants in the West Midlands region of England. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2004, over half a million Poles have arrived and registered to work in the UK, constituting one of the largest migration movements in contemporary Britain and Europe. This influx of predominantly young migrants opened up public and academic debates regarding the social relations between the Polish migrants and the host society, their duration of stay, and the impact on the economy and social services. While a substantial amount of research has now been undertaken on this migration, this thesis highlights some of the significant features of migration to Britain and Europe today, namely its dynamic, fluid, complex and varied character. Through four themes of lived experience of migration, migration and mobility, gender, and return migration, this thesis uncovers and explores the phenomenon of post-2004 EU migration from the perspective of migrants themselves. Migrant stories in this thesis are linked with experiences and meanings of migration, but also migrants’ emotions, perceptions, views and opinions. By exploring individual journeys of migration and deliberating over the determinants and consequences of migration, this thesis asks how the processes of migration and mobility come into play in the everyday lives of migrant people, and how this impacts on questions of identity, home, belonging, gender, as well as return.
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Eberle, Meghan Lea. "Precarity and social mobilization among migrant workers from Myanmar in Thailand." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2010. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43756372.
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Calderón, Bony Frida. "La maison du migrant : mobilités et identités à Patamban (Michoacan, Mexique)." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0511.
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Cette recherche se concentre sur le village de Patamban (Michoacan, Mexique) pour observer le mouvement de sa population vers différents lieux de destination aux Etats-Unis. Les questionnements qui soutiennent notre travail sont le résultat d'un croisement entre l'anthropologie et la géographie, l'objectif étant de garder une démarche de type ethnographique, en interrogeant le rôle joué par l'espace dans la dynamique sociale qui soutient la mobilité internationale du groupe patambeño. Du point de vue du déplacement migratoire, notre principal questionnement concerne le fonctionnement d'un espace international de mouvement, dans lequel les circulations autant que les ancrages donnent sens aux lieux qui forment cet espace de mobilité commune. Directement liées à la condition migratoire, car les nouvelles maisons construites au village sont financées avec les envois d'argent que les migrants réalisent depuis les Etats-Unis, ces maisons témoignent d'une nouvelle architecture et des processus de transformation spatiale qui touchent les sociétés de départ. La centralité du projet immobilier -- dans la lesure où la construction d'une maison dans son village d'origine est un projet qui "hante" le migrant- sert comme cadre d'analyse pour interroger et comprendre comment les migrants habitent l'espace de la migration. Notre travail montre que l'espace d'habitation est un lieu grâce auquel le migrant défini son rapport au monde tout en élaborant de nouvelles manières d'habiter, et que c'est dans la complémentatrité de leurs deux résidences-maison dans le peys de destination et maison du village d'origine-que les sujets élaborent une réfléxion sur leur trajectoire de vie en tant que migrantsThis research focuses on the town of Patamban (Michoacan, Mexico) in order to observe the transfer of its population towards different destinations in the U. S. A. The questioning that support our work are the result of the intersection between anthropology and geography, in which the objective is to maintain an ethnographic vision , while questioning the role of space in the social dynamic that sustains the international mobility of the patambeño population. From the circulation point of view, our main question concerns the workings of a place of international movement, from which mobility as well as the places of anchoring give meaning the places that make up this common mobility space. Directly linked to their migrant condition, since, in the town of origin, the construction of new housing is directly linked with the money orders sent by the immigrants from the United States, these houses present a new architecture that clearly shows the spatial transformations that are present in the country of origin. The centrality of the real-estate project - regarding the construction of a house in their town of origin as a priority of the immigrant -serves as an analytical framework for questioning and understanding how the immigrants inhabit the migration space. Our work shows that the living space is a place in which the immigrant defines his relation to the world, while creating new ways of inhabiting, and it is within the complementary aspects of both homes - house in the country of destination and house of origin- in which subjects elaborate a contemplation on their life trajectory, while projecting in the space the transformations of identity that they will confront throughout all their life as immigrants
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Cheng, Li. "Labour surplus economy under transitions = a case study of chinese rural labour mobility = Transições na economia de mão de obra excedente: um estudo de caso da mobilidade da mão de obra rural na China." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286402.
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Orientadores: Carlos Alonso Barbosa de Oliveira, José Dari KreinDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: Três décadas de reforma econômica e abertura, a China tem vivido uma fase de desenvolvimento de transições econômicas de um sistema planejado para a de um mercado, juntamente com um padrão de desenvolvimento típico dualista. A mobilidade do trabalho de um controle restrito durante o período de pré-reforma a um afrouxamento gradual pós-reforma, juntamente com a melhoria de industrialização e expansão da urbanização, apresentou uma transferência de massa sem precedentes em termos de tempo, espaço, ocupação, indústria e escala. No entanto, a sustentabilidade de tal modelo de desenvolvimento do crescimento econômico altamente determinado pela escala da força de trabalho excedente rural restante. Com a fermentação persistente da generalizada falta de trabalho desde 2004, a diminuição gradual do dividendo demográfico atribuído principalmente à implementação da política de planejamento familiar desde 1980, bem como os atuais crescimentos contínuos dos custos de trabalho e a desaceleração do crescimento econômico, quanto tempo pode durar este modelo de desenvolvimento econômico baseado na transferência de força de trabalho, tornou-se um acalorado debate e agitação no campo acadêmico socioeconômico. Portanto, esta pesquisa adotou uma perspectiva de desenvolvimento econômico, através da análise profunda sobre as famosas teorias de transferência de trabalho rural excedente, estabelecendo o modelo de força de trabalho tripartite como a principal contribuição teórica desta pesquisa, e combinado 35 anos de base de dados da China, fornecer uma situação real da transferência de força de trabalho rural excedente chinês
Abstract: Three decades of the economic reform and opening up, China has experienced a development stage of economic transitions from a planned system to a market one, along with a typical dualistic developmental pattern. Labour mobility from a restrict control during the period of pre-reform to a gradual loosening after the reform, along with the improvement of industrialization and expansion of urbanization, presented an unprecedented mass transfer in terms of time, space, occupation, industry and scale. However, the sustainability of such development model of economic growth highly determined by the scale of the remaining rural surplus labour force. With the persistent fermentation of the wide-spread of labour shortage ever since 2004, the gradual diminishing of the demographic dividend mainly attributed to the implementation of the family planning policy since 1980s, as well as the current continuous growing labour costs and the slow down economic growth, how long can this economic development model based on the transfer of labour force last, became a heated debate and socio-economic hotspots in the academic field. Therefore, this research adopted a development economics perspective, through the profound analysis over the famous theories of rural surplus labour transfer, established a tripartite labour supply model, combined 35 years data base from China, provide an actual situation of Chinese rural surplus labour transfer
Mestrado
Economia Social e do Trabalho
Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico
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Cross, Hannah Morgan. "West African labour mobility and EU borders : migrant communities in Senegal, Mauritania and Spain." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540785.
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Li, Yixin, and 李怡欣. "The research of teacher mobility in a legal school for migrant children : a case study in Shanghai." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/209647.
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This study investigated teacher mobility situations in a case study school and the underlying factors influencing mobility intentions. Data was collected and analyzed using a mix-model approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative methods. The research participants were primary in-service teachers at the case study school, but not include teachers on loan from public schools and reemployed after retirement. To explain how different factors impact teachers’ mobility intentions, the data was interpreted and categorized using Alderfer’s ERG theory, which contends that human beings have the need for existence, relatedness, and growth.
The results of this study are:(1) Working in the public schools is optimal occupational choice for most teachers because of its overwhelming advantages, such as better salaries and work benefits, job security, and better professional development opportunities, which can satisfy teachers’ needs for existence, relatedness and growth all at one and to a high degree. (2) Teachers’ mobility intention is the result of comparison between the present job and the potential jobs provided by other schools and other industries based on their different degrees of demand. (3) Many of the factors that influence teachers’ mobility intentions are under the school’s control, which enable schools to take an active role in stabilizing teachers’ mobility intentions. (4) Teachers’ mobility behavior is determined not only by mobility intention but also by mobility competence. Hence, it is better for school to make appropriate decisions and actions within school’s capacity to teachers’ mobility behaviors based on fully understanding their needs, their mobility intentions and their mobility competence.published_or_final_version
Education
Master
Master of Education
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Kavková, Magda. "Podpora pracovni mobility v ramci EU." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10403.
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This dissertation describes labour work mobility issues within the European Union. It focuses on obstacles that restrict the free movement of workers and how these obstacles can be eliminated by the European Union. The case study "Motivation of Czech workers to work abroad" is also included in this dissertation.
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Vikström, Lotta. "Gendered routes and courses : The socio-spatial mobility of migrants in nineteenth-century Sundsvall, Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Historiska studier, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-14689.
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This dissertation examines migrants during a time of large-scale socio-economic transformations. These changes were particularly evident in the nineteenth-century town of Sundsvall, Sweden, to which thousands of men and women moved. The causes and consequences of their arrival are analyzed by considering migrants’ geographical backgrounds, socio-economic and demographic characteristics, and their life-courses in the town. The results are explained by employing a micro-perspective focusing on individual migrants and a macro-perspective that, in addition to acknowledging the importance of structural socio-economic changes, also takes into account the current gender regime. The paths and experiences of women during the period of industrialization are particularly emphasized. Computerized parish registers enable this study to clarify gendered patterns of socio-spatial mobility. It finds differences and similarities between male and female migrants and illuminates their features in pre-industrial and urban-industrial Sundsvall. The influx increased remarkably over time but its even gender distribution and the characteristics of migrants remained fairly constant even though the town’s economic life was based on the surrounding sawmill industry that should have favored men’s arrival. Female migrants traveled shorter distances but they responded to business cycles in much the same way as men did and paralleled their length of residence in the town. The routes migrants took to Sundsvall were largely gendered and so were the consequences of their arrival. Life-course analyses show that a high level of social stability characterized most migrants during their stay in the town, but men particularly benefited from the economic transformation that was underway. Women seldom experienced upward social mobility although the additional sources used here such as local newspapers reveal they were very active in the urban labor market. In addition to gender several factors influenced patterns of migration such as socio-economic transformations, the availability of social networks, improving transportation, and a growing supply of information. Migrants’ multiple movements reveal that regional and larger migration systems brought people to Sundsvall but also encouraged them to leave. Their frequent travels illuminates the process of migration on individual and structural levels and shed light onto the slow process of urbanization in Sweden. Shifts in women’s migration patterns are viewed both as a protest against gendered constraints and as a result of the wider public space and labor opportunities they achieved through the introduction of legal and socio-economic reforms in the late nineteenth-century. This thesis shows the necessity to employ both micro- and macro-perspectives inspired by approaches used in different disciplines to conceptualize migrants and their experience of socio-spatial mobility. The use of a variety of methods and diverse array of sources benefits such efforts and helps identify gendered patterns and women’s paths. These methodologies allow us to recognize migrants as agents of change who negotiated a turbulent time and setting that influenced their socio-spatial mobility.digitalisering@umu
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Melchior, Lirian [UNESP]. "Migrantes japoneses: um ciclo migratório : o caso de Londrina-PR." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96781.
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melchior_l_me_prud.pdf: 3678462 bytes, checksum: 358427388c06c2850c970a5c6c5c43bd (MD5)Procuramos analisar as migrações internacionais a partir da concepção da mobilidade do trabalho, ou seja, acreditamos que estas ocorrem, somente, impulsionadas pelo mercado e que estão inseridas dentro de um contexto político, econômico e social que propicia a mobilidade espacial de trabalhadores. Estas migrações assumem um caráter temporário, uma vez que o migrante se desloca por um período determinado almejando melhores rendimentos que lhe possibilite melhores condições de vida ao retornar ao país de origem. A pesquisa aborda o grupo de descendentes de japoneses de Londrina que vão trabalhar no Japão, na qualidade de trabalhadores não especializados, aproveitando a falta deste tipo de mão-de-obra naquele país, realizando o fluxo inverso de seus pais e avós que chegaram ao Brasil no início do século com perspectivas semelhantes, ou seja, poder retornar ao país e iniciar uma vida com melhores condições materiais. Procuramos, assim, trabalhar os dois momentos migratórios da comunidade nipo-brasileira; o de imigração, com a chegada dos japoneses no início do século e o de emigração com a partida de seus descendentes para o Japão. Acreditamos que, nas duas situações, a busca por melhores condições de vida foi determinante na decisão da partida, sendo um atrativo para a mobilidade da força de trabalho. Verificamos que ao migrar, o nikkei passa por algumas...
We tried to analyze the international migrations starting from the conception of the mobility of the work, that is, we believe that they occur only impelled by the market and that they are inside a politic, economic and social context which propitiates the workers the space mobility. These migrations assume a temporary aspect, since the migrant moves for a determined period of time trying to achieve better income, which will allow him/her better life condition upon arriving to his/her origin country. The research approaches the group of Japanese descendants from Londrina that goes to Japan to work as non-specialized workers, taking advantage of the lack of labor in that country, taking the opposite flow from their parents and grandparents who arrived in Brazil in the beginning of the century with the same perspectives, that is, returning to their country and begin a new life with better conditions. We tried to work on the two migratory moments of the nippo-brazilian community, the immigration, with the arriving of the Japanese in the beginning of the century, and the emigration, with the departure of their descendants to Japan. We believe that in the two situations, the search for better life conditions was determinant for the departure, attracting the mobility of the work power. We verified that when migrating, the nikkei goes through some difficulties related to the adaptation to the new country, with the relationship with the Japanese and the other Brazilian dekasseguis who assume a position of competitivity... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
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Melchior, Lirian. "Migrantes japoneses : um ciclo migratório : o caso de Londrina-PR /." Presidente Prudente : [s.n.], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96781.
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Orientador: Alice Yatiyo AsariBanca: Eliseu Savério Sposito
Banca: Ruth Youko Tsukamato
Resumo: Procuramos analisar as migrações internacionais a partir da concepção da mobilidade do trabalho, ou seja, acreditamos que estas ocorrem, somente, impulsionadas pelo mercado e que estão inseridas dentro de um contexto político, econômico e social que propicia a mobilidade espacial de trabalhadores. Estas migrações assumem um caráter temporário, uma vez que o migrante se desloca por um período determinado almejando melhores rendimentos que lhe possibilite melhores condições de vida ao retornar ao país de origem. A pesquisa aborda o grupo de descendentes de japoneses de Londrina que vão trabalhar no Japão, na qualidade de trabalhadores não especializados, aproveitando a falta deste tipo de mão-de-obra naquele país, realizando o fluxo inverso de seus pais e avós que chegaram ao Brasil no início do século com perspectivas semelhantes, ou seja, poder retornar ao país e iniciar uma vida com melhores condições materiais. Procuramos, assim, trabalhar os dois momentos migratórios da comunidade nipo-brasileira; o de imigração, com a chegada dos japoneses no início do século e o de emigração com a partida de seus descendentes para o Japão. Acreditamos que, nas duas situações, a busca por melhores condições de vida foi determinante na decisão da partida, sendo um atrativo para a mobilidade da força de trabalho. Verificamos que ao migrar, o nikkei passa por algumas... (Resumo completo clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: We tried to analyze the international migrations starting from the conception of the mobility of the work, that is, we believe that they occur only impelled by the market and that they are inside a politic, economic and social context which propitiates the workers the space mobility. These migrations assume a temporary aspect, since the migrant moves for a determined period of time trying to achieve better income, which will allow him/her better life condition upon arriving to his/her origin country. The research approaches the group of Japanese descendants from Londrina that goes to Japan to work as non-specialized workers, taking advantage of the lack of labor in that country, taking the opposite flow from their parents and grandparents who arrived in Brazil in the beginning of the century with the same perspectives, that is, returning to their country and begin a new life with better conditions. We tried to work on the two migratory moments of the nippo-brazilian community, the immigration, with the arriving of the Japanese in the beginning of the century, and the emigration, with the departure of their descendants to Japan. We believe that in the two situations, the search for better life conditions was determinant for the departure, attracting the mobility of the work power. We verified that when migrating, the nikkei goes through some difficulties related to the adaptation to the new country, with the relationship with the Japanese and the other Brazilian dekasseguis who assume a position of competitivity... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
Mestre
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Alves, Neto Eduardo. "Processos identitários, mobilidade social e migração urbana : estudo sobre a empresa Vale Fertilizantes em Sergipe : um estudo sobre trajetórias profissionais." Pós-Graduação em Sociologia, 2014. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/6257.
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In contemporary times, the current production model more flexible labor relations and educational opportunities. Having thus shaken the old social and economic structures that
once tended to be rigid to a single financial niche that has evolved into the fast dynamics of a globalized space. Thus workers have become migrants as well as the fashion capital and goods flows moving between social spaces and multi-cultural settings redefine the lines of socioeconomic stratification because social mobility and through trajectories. Inequalities of opportunity before the school when on the geographical and social background are part of the
formative elements of identity processes. The overall objective of this study is to undertake a sociological analysis of the knowledge of the staff and their relationships with the placement of employees within the functional hierarchies Taquarí-Vassouras (UOTV) of Vale Fertilizers Sergipe Operating Unit from its geographical origin and level schooling.Na contemporaneidade, o atual modelo produtivo flexibilizou as relações de trabalho e as oportunidades de escolaridade. Tendo assim, abalado as antigas estruturas sociais e econômicas que outrora tendiam a serem rígidas a um único nicho financeiro que evoluiu para a dinamicidade veloz de um espaço globalizado. Dessa maneira os trabalhadores transformaram-se em migrantes que assim como os capitais e as mercadorias forma fluxos que se deslocam entre os espaços sociais e em múltiplas configurações culturais redefinem as linhas das estratificações socioeconômicas em razão da mobilidade social e por meio de trajetórias. As desigualdades de oportunidade perante o ensino quando relativas a origem geográfica e social constituem parte dos elementos formadores dos processos identitários. O objetivo geral desse estudo é empreender uma análise sociológica sobre os saberes dos funcionários e suas relações com o posicionamento de funcionários no interior das hierarquias funcionais Unidade Operacional Taquarí-vassouras (UOTV) da Vale Fertilizantes em Sergipe a partir de sua origem geográfica e do nível de escolaridade.
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Mihai, Tudor Petrut. "Romanian Transnationalism, Mobility and Integration in Sweden : Social Media Manifestations and Its Uses Among Migrants." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-18449.
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With the research aim to analyze how the Romanian migrants residing in Sweden use social media for transnational, mobility and integration purposes, this thesis builds on previous transnationalism and social media literature to reach its key findings. Its theoretical field uses Vertovec’s takes on transnationalism along with Wolpert’s place utility theory in order to analyze the observational results. These results were acquired by doing observations of four Facebook groups over a one-month period to which representative discussions from a few group posts were added. Thus, on one hand, the results show that the observed Romanian Facebook groups serve as avenues for socializing, networking and help-seeking between the Romanian migrants in Sweden. Strong potential for the formation of personal connections based on the discussions had by the migrants is also found. On the other hand, this thesis finds that the groups also function as major pathways for the reproduction of Romanian political and cultural aspects within the migrant community, a process which is not obvious and not directly intended for these groups.
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Joseph, Daniel. "EXPERIENCING DISPLACEMENT AND STATELESSNESS: FORCED MIGRANTS IN ANSE-À-PITRES, HAITI." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/anthro_etds/43.
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In 2013, the Dominican state ruled to uphold a 2010 constitutional amendment that stripped thousands of Dominicans of Haitian origin of their citizenship and forced them to leave the country during summer 2015. About 2,200 of these people became displaced in Anse-à-Pitres, where most took up residence in temporary camps. I use the term forced migrants or displaced persons interchangeably to refer to these people. Many endure challenges in meeting their daily survival needs in Haiti, a country with extreme poverty, considerable political instability, and still in the process of rebuilding itself from the devastating earthquake of 2010. Drawing on fourteen months of ethnographic field- work in Anse-à-Pitres, I examine how these displaced people, in the face of statelessness and amid their precarious social and economic conditions, create survival strategies by drawing upon everyday labor mobility and informal economic activities within and across their communities. Furthermore, I demonstrate that the involvement of these displaced people in community life through socio-economic practices attests to a sense of belonging and produces a form of substantive citizenship in their absence of legal citizenship. This kind of substantive citizenship is also shaped by the ability of the displaced people to re-define life goals, participate in local meetings with the local state and organizations on the ground, and challenge systems of power that seek to impose their choices upon them. In this dissertation, I argue against construing the displaced people as hopeless by focusing on the forms of power and agency that they exercise in and over their lives, which make them agents of their self-development.
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Verdi, Rademacher Mabel. "Les multiples mobilités de la migration : le cas des migrants chiliens en France." Paris, EHESS, 2014. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01245441.
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Au début du XXIe siècle, la notion de mobilité s'est élargie de manière multidimensionnelle pour mieux interroger la dimension du social. Cette recherche porte sur l'étude de « l'expérience de mobilité » des migrants, qui est définie comme l'ensemble de vécus éprouvés par eux lors des déplacements significatifs accomplis dans l'espace physique, social, relationnel et virtuel, ainsi que les connaissances acquises à travers ces vécus. Nous émettons l'hypothèse que la mobilité vécue par les migrants est multiple de par ses dimensions physique, sociale, relationnelle et virtuelle, de même qu'affirmée, dans le sens où elle aura un impact sur l'individu qui pratique la mobilité. Celle-ci ne peut donc pas se confondre avec un simple déplacement. Notre démarche méthodologique se fonde sur les récits de vie sous la forme de biographies de mobilité de 60 migrants chiliens arrivés en France au cours de différentes vagues migratoires. Enfin, si nous acceptons l'idée que la mobilité est un fait social total, nous pouvons considérer que la mobilité en migration devient une « mobilité totale »At the outset of the 21st Century, the notion of mobility has broadened in scope to examine the migrant experience from a more multi-dimensional perspective. Our research focuses on « the experience of mobility)) by migrants, which is defined as the entirety of physical, social, relational and virtual transitions experienced through significant displacement, as well as the knowledge gained through those experiences. We hypothesize that the experience of mobility by migrants is multi-facetted and has a profound impact on the individuals who have been transformed through migration. « Mobility », therefore, can no longer be defined as a simple physical movement. Our methodological approach is based on the personal narratives of 60 Chilean migrants to France during various waves of migration. Finally, if we accept the idea that mobility is an all-encompassing social phenomenon, we may also consider that the act of migration represents a « total mobility »
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Aragón, Argán. "Migrations clandestines d'Amérique centrale vers les Etats-Unis : Actions en réseau et mobilité dans l'adversité en une ère de flux et de frontières." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030095.
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Cette thèse s’intéresse aux effets de l’opposition entre les dynamiques migratoires et les dynamiques de contrôle frontalier. L’étude se centre sur le flux de migrants centraméricains à destination des États-Unis. Ce flux transite par un système de frontières formé d’une zone tampon sur l’ensemble du territoire mexicain et d’une frange érigée en rempart high-tech à la frontière sud des États-Unis. Dans cet immense espace, la frontière a créé des marges par où les migrants tentent la contourner en traversant par une économie souterraine structurée autour de l’abus aux migrants clandestins en transit. L’analyse du système migratoire d’un village des hautes terres du Guatemala montre comment le flux persiste malgré la frontière par l’action en réseau de migrants. La comparaison entre une trentaine d’expériences d’hommes et de femmes en mobilité clandestine sur la route de transit révèle que la frontière s’abat sur les acteurs dans des modalités spécifiques selon leur genre et leurs ressources sociales, économiques et de mobilité. Les migrants éprouvent la frontière comme un espace d’adversité auquel ils doivent s’adapter en permanence en l’assumant intégralement afin de pouvoir continuer leur voyage vers le lieu qu’ils imaginent au nord. Ce travail, fondé sur des enquêtes de terrain réalisées entre 2005 et 2012 dans des lieux d’origine, de transit et de destination disséminés dans l’espace migratoire, cherche à illustrer comment un flux migratoire et ses acteurs réagissent à un système frontalier contemporainThis thesis addresses the effects of the conflict between migration dynamics and the dynamics of border enforcement. The study focuses on the flow of Central American migrants heading to the United States. This flow follows a system of borders formed by a buffer zone throughout Mexican territory and a strip of land erected as a high-tech rampart on the southern border of the United States. Across this immense space, the border has created margins that migrants try to circumvent by entering an underground economy structured around the abuse on clandestine migrants in transit. The analysis of the migratory system of a village in Guatemalan highlands shows how the migration flow persists, despite the border, through the action in network of migrants. The comparison of about thirty experiences of men and women in clandestine movements reveals that the border affects the various actors in specific ways, depending on their gender as well as their social, economic and mobility resources. Migrants experience the border as a space of adversity to which they must constantly adapt to, by assuming it integrally, in order to be able to continue their journey to the place they imagine northward. This work, based on field investigations conducted between 2005 and 20012 during different stages of the migratory process (e.g. in places of origin, transit and destination) seeks to illustrate how a migration flow and its actors react to a contemporary system of borders
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Sundseth, Inger Beate Måren. "Global Mobility and the Right to Health : An assessment of migrant health care in Norway." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Geography, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-5510.
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In this Master‟s thesis I have studied to what degree primary- and moral duty bearers in Norway maintain accountability and fulfil their obligations towards migrants and the right to health, as stated in the International Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) of 1966.
Theoretical perspectives on global mobility and Rights-based approaches, an outline of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, as well as empirical data provides a basis for the discussion addressing how the Norwegian Government maintain accountability with regards to health care of migrants, and seeking to identify the role of other duty bearers in offering health care services to migrants.
The research methods applied in order to generate data are analysis of text and interviews. I have studied legislation, treaties and official publications. In addition, I have performed two key informant interviews; one with Siv Limstrand, project manager of the Church City Mission in Trondheim‟s project „Living with HIV‟ („Leve med hiv‟), and another with nurse Tove Buchmann in Trondheim Municipality‟s refugee health team (flyktningehelseteamet).
The thesis concludes that there appears to be an embedded contradiction between legislation, policy and practice. Norway has stated a clear goal to protect, respect and fulfil human rights, both internationally and through the ratification and implementation of human rights treaties into Norwegian legislation. Based on this, they should to a larger extent fulfil their obligations and not restrict the access to medical attention on the part of asylum seekers and irregular migrants. On the part of the other duty bearers included in this thesis, namely the Church City Mission in Trondheim‟s project „Living with HIV‟ and Trondheim Municipality‟s refugee health team, the thesis finds that they play a vital role in guiding and informing, as well as in administering health care services to migrants in Trondheim
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Padawer, Ana, and María Laura Diez. "Mobility and identification processes in indigenous and migrant children’s intercultural experiences of life in Argentina." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/79244.
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Este trabajo aborda los procesos de identificación de niños indígenas y migrantes en Argentina, considerando la incidencia de los desplazamientos espaciales y las experiencias interculturales de vida. nos proponemos reflexionar acerca de cómo las identificaciones se vinculan con la movilidad de los niños y sus familias, a partir de dos investigaciones etnográficas sobre experiencias formativas de niños indígenas mbyà-guaraní de la provincia de misiones y migrantes de Bolivia en Buenos Aires.A partir de la reconstrucción de dos historias de vida, analizamos cómo los niños se integran en comunidades de práctica ligadas a la reproducción social en el contexto de desplazamientos, que implican experiencias distintivas en términos generacionales referidas a los procesos de escolarización, actividades productivas y dimensiones expresivas de la vida social. Las investigaciones realizadas nos permitieron advertir que los niños y niñas producen identificaciones en las que se tensionan visiones idealizadas de los territorios deorigen con procesos de transformación, dejando en evidencia las dinámicas intergeneracionales de definición de elementos demembresía de los que son parte activa.In this paper we analyse migrants and indigenous ‘children identification processes in Argentina, considering the influence of special mobility and intercultural experiences of life in their sense of belonging. We consider how identifications and mobility by two ethnographic researches about formative experiences of mbyà- Guaraní children of misiones province and Bolivian migrants living in Buenos Aires.By two life stories, we analyse how children participate in communities of practice linked with social reproduction in contexts of mobility, which imply generation’s distinctive experiences referred to school, productive activities and expressive dimensions of social life. Our research shows the children are active producers of identifications where origin territories idealized images are stressed by transformation’s process, evidence of inter-generation’s dynamicsof membership’s definitions.
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Dubucs, Hadrien. "Habiter une ville lointaine : le cas des migrants japonais à Paris." Poitiers, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441142.
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Cette thèse s'inscrit dans une réflexion contemporaine sur la façon dont les mobilités spatiales spécifient les rapports pratiques (agencement spatial des activités) et idéels (connaissance et représentations) des individus à leurs espaces de résidence. La notion d'habiter est ici utilisée pour saisir les spatialités des migrants japonais séjournant à Paris. Un tel objet de recherche amène à analyser une expérience particulière de mobilité : la migration internationale entre des lieux que sépare une grande distance spatiale et que distinguent clairement des caractéristiques urbanistiques, sociales et culturelles. L'analyse croisée de données issues du recensement et d'entretiens avec un échantillon de migrants japonais montre que, par leurs manières d'habiter Paris, les individus prennent en charge cette confrontation à la distance de façon dynamique, complexe et différenciée. Les temporalités du séjour et les significations attribuées à la séquence parisienne des trajectoires biographiques apparaissent comme des facteurs-clés de différenciation, et se traduisent dans les choix résidentiels à Paris comme dans les échanges avec les lieux japonais de l'espace de vie. Elles éclairent aussi le rythme et l'ampleur de l'autonomisation des migrants japonais vis-à-vis des ressources commerciales, sociales ou informationnelles qui leur sont dédiées. Enfin, par leurs manières d'habiter, ceux-ci contribuent à certaines dynamiques urbaines : renforcement de l'image internationale de quartiers valorisés du centre-ouest parisien ; spécialisation d'un segment du parc locatif dans l'accueil d'étrangers qualifiés ; complexification des marquages sociaux dans des quartiers en cours de gentrification ; création d'une offre commerciale et culturelle spécifique qui, dans le quartier de l'Opéra, enrichit l'attractivité d'une centralité économique et historique majeure de la métropole. Ces contributions reposent sur la position ambivalente des migrants japonais à Paris, entre proximité liée à leur statut d'élites migrantes originaires d'un pays du Nord, et distance inhérente à une migration lointaineThis thesis has for frame a contemporary academic interest in how spatial mobility influences and characterizes the way individuals practically (i. E the spatial organization of their activities) and intellectually (i. E knowledge and representations) connect to their places of residence. This research examines the dwelling modes of Japanese migrants in Paris. They are perfect examples of a specific type of migration between distant locations that are clearly distinct on an urban, social and cultural level. A cross analysis of census data and interviews with a sample of Japanese migrants shows that the individuals confronted with such distance cope in complex, dynamic, and various ways. The duration of their stay, familial or professional events, and the meaning of their Parisian days within their biographies are key factors of differenciation. They translate, among others, into both housing choices in Paris and specific relations to the places they lived in, back in Japan. These elements also have an effect on how fast and how thoroughly the Japanese migrants drift away from the commercial, social or informational resources that are dedicated to them. On a broader scale, the Japanese migrants' settlement patterns and daily practices actively contribute to urban changes: The reinforcement of the international presence in high-end districts of central-western Paris; The specialisation of a fraction of the rental market in high-class foreigners; The growing complexity of gentrifying districts as regards social and ethnic composition; The creation of a specific commercial and cultural supply around “Opéra” that enriches the historical and economic appeal of a major Parisian district. All these contributions stem from the ambiguous positioning of the Japanese as migrants in Paris: they are at the very same time Eastern Asians thousands of kilometers away from home and a migrating elite in a fellow developped country
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Gyimah, S. Obeng-Manu. "Initial location and intra-city residential mobility, a behavioural study of migrant households in Accra, Ghana." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ28577.pdf.
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Nam, JeeHae Sophia. "Optimism Matters: Examining the Role of Optimism, Social Engagement, and International Mobility in Migrant Well-being." Thesis, Boston College, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104758.
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Thesis advisor: David L. BlusteinGlobalization has had many implications on the world’s economy, culture, mobility, and experience of work. Of these, global human migration, or international mobility, is often used as the prime indicator of globalization (United Nations Population Fund [UNPFA]; 2013). Evidence suggests that multiple international relocations, with the accompanying loss of familiar spatial environments, social relationships, and social institutions, are deleterious to human well-being. However, literature has yet to elucidate the mechanisms that contribute to the difficulties associated with high rates of international mobility. Using a multinational dataset of responses gathered from 255 internationally mobile employees at 24 worksites in 11 different countries (i.e. Botswana, Japan, Brazil, Spain, China, United Kingdom, India, United States, Mexico, South Africa), this exploratory study tested a structural model delineating the relationships among the rate of international mobility, dispositional optimism, social engagement and well-being, as defined by life satisfaction, job satisfaction, and functional health. Structural equation modeling and follow-up multiple regression analyses found optimism to have the greatest in impact on predicting the levels of job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and functional health, above all other demographic and observed predictors in the study. The rate of international mobility had a significant negative impact on job satisfaction, but not on functional health or life satisfaction. In addition, the frequency of an individual’s in-person interactions with family, friends, and neighbors did not have a significant role in predicting the outcomes. Contrary to the study’s hypotheses, social engagement did not function as a mediator between optimism and well-being. These important findings highlight human resilience in international migration, and offer research, practice, and organizational policy implications for understanding and supporting internationally mobile individuals
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2015
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Counseling, Developmental and Educational Psychology
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Rivera-Singletary, Georgina. "Interagency Collaboration for the Provision of Services to Migrant Children with Disabilities: An Exploratory Study." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5115.
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ABSTRACT
Migrant students face many challenges to their educational experiences due to the migratory lifestyle of their families as they seek employment in agriculture across state and school district lines. For migrant student with disabilities, these challenges are exacerbated. Migrant children with disabilities may be eligible and entitled to educational services from migrant education, special education, and ELL programs which are distinct federal programs coordinated as separate agencies. This exploratory study examined the extent to which, if any, collaboration exists within three Florida school districts' providing educational services to migrant children with disabilities through the migrant education, special education, and ELL programs. Data were collected through personal interviews with nine district level supervisors, one each per district: migrant education, special education, and ELL programs using a semi-structured interview protocol. Data were analyzed through a latent content analysis to identify, code, and categorize patterns (Mayan, 2009) regarding the extent to which, if any, supervisors collaborated when developing and coordinating educational services for migrant students with disabilities. Further, data were reviewed through document analysis provided by the participants or accessed through school, district, or state websites. Finally, the data from the interviews and document analysis were aligned with Gitlin et al. (1994) five-stage model for collaboration framework to determine the extent to which, if any, the characteristics of the five stages for collaboration exists for each district, and if not, the potential for them to be developed and lead to collaboration. The intent of this study was to explore current practice and use this knowledge to provide recommendations for future practice and scholarship regarding interagency
collaboration between migrant education, special education, and ELL programs providing educational services to migrant students with disabilities. The findings for this study suggest that collaboration benefits students, programs and overall school systems. However, instilling a spirit and developing a culture of collaboration is challenging and requires direct deliberate and explicit work by the districts. Recommendations for research and practice are provided.
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Ortega, Ricardo Alberto. "Being of Transit: Central American and Mexican Migrants’ Experiences of (Dis)Possession." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21414.
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The thesis is based on the ethnographic fieldwork done during February 2015 in a place where aspects of transitory life are configured in an effort to (re)humanize those migrants that have been exposed to harm and (dis)possession, and thus entangled within an undesirable physical reality. Empirical attention is dedicated to the ways and means in which a particular migrant shelter located in the border region of Mexico-US operates and fulfills its purpose. The theoretical framework relates to being of transit as the composition of the migrants’ emergent state of uncertainty and instability within their continuous transitory experience. This is juxtaposed with Karen Barad’s (2007) posthumanist performativity analysis of how discourse and the material markers that make up transitory Mexico-US are a composition of assembled actions of (dis)possession processes of social, political, and historical power relations constantly becoming in practice. Additionally, the focus expands on how more-than-human elements and material possessions are intra-acting with the migrants that became part of the study. Therefore, through the politics of mobility and violence, the thesis explores how the people, places and things that assemble transitory Mexico-US evidence such undesirable physical reality. That is to say, a ceaseless diffracting ebb and flow of co-constituted intra- acting humans and non-humans in constant momentum and positionality conceptualizing the phenomenon of being a migrant, thing, or place of transit.
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Couture, Hugo. "Les jeunes migrants québécois dans les vallées fruitières de la Colombie-Britannique : ethnographie d'une forme de mobilité." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26151/26151.pdf.
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Potot, Swanie. "Circulation et réseaux de migrants roumains : Une contribution à l'étude des nouvelles mobilités en Europe." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003480.
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La recherche, basée sur de nombreuses enquêtes de terrains, analyse le phénomène de circulation migratoire apparu au départ de la Roumanie vers l'Europe occidentale à partir de la deuxième moitié des années 90. L'approche théorique situe l'étude dans le champ de recherche des « nouvelles migrations » et tente de clarifier, en les appliquant à la circulation roumaine, un certain nombre de concepts qui y sont associés tels la Mondialisation et le Transnationalisme. Centrée sur l'apparition et le devenir des liens sociaux dans les réseaux migrants transnationaux, l'analyse porte ensuite sur les formes d'organisations sociales qui président à ces mouvements multipolaires – et souvent clandestins- en dehors de toute structure formelle. Il s'agit de montrer que les réseaux, basés sur des types de liens très divers, véhiculent, pour leurs acteurs, des ressources particulièrement utiles dans l'espace des migrations transnationales.
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Potot, Swanie. "Circulation et reseaux de migrants roumains : une contribution à l'étude des nouvelles mobilités en Europe." Nice, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003480.
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La recherche, basée sur de nombreuses enquêtes de terrains, analyse le phénomène de circulation migratoire apparu au départ de la Roumanie vers l'Europe occidentale à partir de la deuxième moitié des années 90. L'approche théorique situe l'étude dans le champ de recherche des " nouvelles migrations " et tente de clarifier, en les appliquant à la circulation roumaine, un certain nombre de concepts qui y sont associés tels la Mondialisation et le Transnationalisme. Centrée sur l'apparition et le devenir des liens sociaux dans les réseaux migrants transnationaux, l'analyse porte ensuite sur les formes d'organisations sociales qui président à ces mouvements multipolaires - et souvent clandestins- en dehors de toute structure formelle. Il s'agit de montrer que les réseaux, basés sur des types de liens très divers, véhiculent, pour leurs acteurs, des ressources particulièrement utiles dans l'espace des migrations transnationalesThe research, based on many fieldwork investigations, analyzes the migratory phenomenon of circulation appeared from Romania towards western Europe during second half of the nineties. The theoretical approach situates the study in the research field of the "new migrations" and tries to clarify, by applying them to rumanian circulation, some concepts which are associated to this approach, such as Globalization and Transnationalism. Focused on the emergence and becoming of social bounds in transnational migrant networks, the analysis deals with the forms of social organizations which organise these multipolar -and often illegal- movements. The point is to underline that networks, based on very different types of bonds, convey, for their actors, some resources particularly useful in the space of transnational migrations
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Gawlewicz, Anna. "Mobility and encounters with difference : the impact of migrant experience on the circulation of values and attitudes." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6943/.
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European societies have recently witnessed unprecedented rise in mobility, particularly along the East-West axis. In this context, the ability of individual migrants to make sense of and live with difference becomes a key issue for contemporary Europe. In response, this PhD thesis investigates the consequences of migrant encounters with difference in terms of ethnicity, religion, class, sexuality, gender, age and disability. It explores how migration from a postcommunist to a postcolonial state shapes people's values and attitudes towards difference as well as how, against this backdrop, understandings of difference circulate between migrants and their significant others in a sending society. As such, the study focuses on Polish post-2004 migrants in Leeds, UK and their family members and/or friends in Poland. The thesis is situated within geography and broader social science literatures on mobility/migration, geographies of encounter, whiteness, postcolonialism, the concept of postdependence, values and attitudes towards difference, prejudice, family as well as circulation of ideas. It draws on qualitative empirical material collected through multiple interviews, audio-diaries and supplementary survey conducted with migrant participants in Leeds, and single interviews with their significant others carried out in various locations in Poland. The thesis establishes that migrant encounters may result in development, revision or change of values and attitudes towards difference. This may involve a range of personal stances from rejection or strong negative prejudice, through admitting greater familiarity or understanding of difference, to acceptance, solidarity or engagement. Furthermore, the thesis demonstrates that newly developed, revised or changed values and attitudes are likely to be communicated to significant others in a sending society. This contributes to the cross-border circulation of values, attitudes, beliefs, discourses, language and practices, and may affect not only migrants', but also significant others' capacity to live with difference.
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Brudvig, Ingrid. "(Im)mobility, digital technologies and transnational spaces of belonging: an ethnographic study of Somali migrants in Cape Town." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30425.
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This study draws on ethnographic research with Somali migrants in Cape Town to explore the intersection of (im)mobility, physical and virtual space and new configurations of belonging in a digital world. It investigates the gendered politics and ethics of being and belonging in a world of mobility and migration where digital technologies have become significant to social organisation and sociality, both within and across borders. The dissertation presented probes the reasons why policies and technologies that were expected to create more fluid movement and more open societies have been met with the hardening of national borders, and a parallel rise in global trends towards anti-immigration, control of identities and fear of difference, which have manifested in South African society. This dissertation concludes that a combination of legal frameworks related to migrants and refugees, public infrastructures and cultural factors exert a strong influence on Somali migrants’ access to rights in South Africa, identity and social reproduction, and transnational belonging. Social exclusion may be a catalyst for Somali migrants’ transnational engagements in which digital technologies are a significant driver of heightened group consciousness and belonging. In many ways, the rise of online social networks and information capital have taken off among Somali migrants because of their tremendous social organising power in the absence of formal institutions, limited political and social belonging in host countries, and in the context of vastly integrated transnational diaspora networks which sustain economic and social lives. As such, Somali migrants live at the margins of (im)mobility – in-between physical and virtual spaces – leading to the navigation of “frontier-ness”, challenging taken-for-granted identities. While most studies about mobility and migration focus on citizenship and belonging from a legalistic or deterministic standpoint – solidifying prescribed notions of “Somaliness” or other factors of identity affiliated with nationhood or citizenship – there is a need to dig deeper to understanding what it means to navigate and, indeed perform, belonging via gendered technologies of mobility. Participation in social life through online networks and in transnational spaces often challenges common assumptions that identity is necessarily linked to particular places. However, this research simultaneously demonstrates the ways in which nations and borders continue to be emphasised in a world of flows. Contrary to popular assumptions that the internet is transnational, borderless and disassociated with place, this research argues that nation-places – enacted through hubs and nodes – continue to be salient. In this context, it is important to understand how digital technologies intersect with identity, culture and socialnorms offline and online among diverse communities to support new configurations of agency and empowerment in an increasingly digital world. In this light, this dissertation looks at how digital technologies, such as the internet, emerge as a force of mobility, situated in contrast to stark forces of immobility which seek to limit the movement of people. Not only does the internet close distance between geographies, it also closes distances in access to information and networks of support, such as financial assistance, social capital and caregiving. Experiences of mobility (offline and online) have been both empowering and liberating. However, mobility is also circumscribed and limited by new forms of social control and manipulation at all levels of society. Despite the profoundly transnational and borderless context of the internet, “traditional” cultural frameworks and identities, such as nationality and gender, continue to be salient markers of online identity, just as they are offline. This study argues that digital technologies are culturally constituted frontier spaces characterised by various layers of (im)mobility through which belonging is navigated and performed.
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Polačková, Lenka. "Migrácia pracovnej sily v kontexte rozšírenej Európy." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-16158.
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My thesis deals with intra-EU migration, its motivation factors and then compares the advantages and disadvantages of migration. Free movement of workers is discussed in the next chapter as well as the key mobility drivers and its barriers. The thesis further deals with division of EU member states into receiving and sending countries. Future mobility intentions are analyzed in order to forecast the most probable moves in the future. In its last chapter it mentions labour mobility and ways how to measure it and then it analyses voluntary and forced mobility. In the following part labour mobility is compared to geographical mobility to see their practical implications. The eastern enlargement of the EU has brought some doubts about a massive inflow of labour migrants from the CEE countries to the old member states which has led to the introduction of transitional measures limiting free access to their labour markets. Therefore the main purpose of the thesis is to confirm or refuse the old member states' arguments that a potential migration from the new member states would threaten their labour markets.
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Polonyankina, Tatiana. "Má hospodářský cyklus dopad na vliv imigrace na evropský trh práce?" Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-165416.
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The thesis tests whether the impact of immigration on native workers differs depending on the business cycle. Previous studies proved that labour mobility and the effect of immigration differs with respect to the business cycle. For the expansionary years was found a sizable relocation of native workers to occupations with more interactive rather than manual content as a response to immigration. This is no longer the case for economy in recession period. However, there is null impact on native employment that does not change with the business cycle. The results were found for Spanish labour market and the conclusions about the employment all were found also for American labour market. The European labour market has been studied just in the period before crisis. Following the study about Spanish task specialization we would like to see if there is any change of impact of immigration on native task specialization in European Union. We split the data on the time period of expansion and the time period of economic crisis using the European Labour Force Survey. We would like to examine the effect of immigration on task specialization of natives on three groups of countries, West Europe, Germany and Middle and East Europe.
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Kanchana, Radhika. "The expediency of the contemporary guest worker migration policies that curb mobility : the Arab-Gulf countries and the Indian migrants." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0022.
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Cette thèse soutient que les politiques de migrations temporaires entravent la mobilité de l'individu, à partir du cas des migrants indiens dans la région du golfe persique. La pratique et le droit international définissent la mobilité comme le droit à la « liberté de mouvement » sans dispositions supplémentaires pour faciliter le choix de s’établir, permettant aux Etats de pratiquer ces politiques de convenance. Ce travail interdisciplinaire qui privilégie l’angle sociologique interroge les implications politiques et le droit international. Il montre que le non-respect prolongé des droits des migrants, surtout par les pays d’accueil, produit des conditions et des résultats restrictifs pour tous les acteurs- des indicateurs montrent l’exclusion systématique du migrant dans la société d’accueil. Cinq chapitres présentent empiriquement le « migrant » dans le golfe qui expérimente la vulnérabilité à différentes échelles : entrepreneurs, marchands-patriarches, travailleurs en col blanc, travailleurs en col bleu, et les femmes migrantes. La politique de migration temporaire des six Etats du Conseil de coopération du Golfe (GCC)- Arabie Saoudite, Oman, Émirats Arabes Unis, Qatar, Bahreïn et Koweït- constitue un exemple heuristique. Sans être un cas unique, il montre une exclusion plus sévère en raison de la nature conservatrice de ces monarchies et de la place de l’Islam comme religion d’Etat. Les politiques de migrations circulaires sont populaires aujourd’hui et les Etats en profitent à leur convenance en privilégiant la flexibilité et la non-intégration pour éviter les responsabilités vis-à-vis des migrants. Le migrant temporaire est donc, le travailleur précaire dans le marché mondial du travail. Le statut d’incertitude structurelle est aussi un des principaux éléments qui séparent « l’Indien du golfe » du reste des Indiens non-résidents (NRI)The thesis highlights the evidence in the Arab-Gulf region with the Indian migrants to argue that the temporary migration policies hinder the individual’s mobility. International practice and law articulate mobility narrowly as merely the right to “freedom of movement” without also provision to facilitate the choice to settle, which allows states to perpetuate such expedient policies. The work is an inter-disciplinary approach, with mainly a sociological lens and interrogates the implications for policy and international law. It shows that mainly the receiving states’ prolonged non-respect of the migrant’s rights using the “temporary” frame produces limiting conditions and outcomes for all the actors- selected indicators show the systematic exclusion of the migrant in the host society. Five chapters empirically present the “guest worker” in the Gulf who experiences vulnerability at different levels: entrepreneur, trader-patriarch, white-collar worker, blue-collar worker and female migrant. The guest-worker policy practice of the six oil-rich Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries- Saudi Arabia, Oman, the UAE, Qatar, Bahrain and Kuwait- is a heuristic example. The GCC region is not a unique case although it might show more severe exclusion, due to the conservative regimes as monarchies and following Islam as the state-religion. Circular migration policies are popular today and states manifest expediency by privileging flexibility and non-integration to evade responsibility for the migrant. The guest-worker is hence, the precarious worker in the global labour market. The structural uncertainty is a factor that mainly also separates the “Gulf-Indian” from the larger non-resident Indian (NRI) population elsewhere
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Draper, Robert. "How do changing employment patterns affect the economic incentives to migrate within the England and Wales?" Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-45733.
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It is important for any country to understand why its population makes certain choices on where to locate, since it can help to guide policy aimed at reviving deprived areas. Over the past few decades there has been a general trend for the population to migrate from the North to the South in England and Wales. Similarly, there has been an imbalance in the spread of new opportunities, with advanced services tending to locate in the South, particularly close London. This paper investigates whether changing employment patterns, away from manufacturing and towards services, has helped to facilitate migration within the England and Wales. There has been a distinct lack of empirical analysis in this area due to data limitations. Prior studies have had to utilise broad geographic regions in their analysis, providing limited insight into the reasons for such change. This paper aims to expand on these studies by looking at data on a more local level. This study made use of fixed panel regressions in order to estimate the effects of a region’s employment structure upon migration rates. The results indicate that neither the sector of employment, nor unemployment rates directly influence an individual’s likelihood to migrate. However, there is evidence to support the idea that population density influences migration, potentially as a result of agglomeration economies.
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Liu, Ziqin. "Les jeunes diplômés chinois à l’épreuve de la précarité. Mobilités, accès à l’emploi et rapport au travail. Le cas des jeunes migrants qualifiés dans les villages-urbains à Pékin." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSL0956/document.
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Cette thèse s'inscrit dans la problématique générale de la transformation du marché du travail en Chine durant les deux dernières décennies et de la place des jeunes migrants dans ce processus. Dans un contexte de transition économique, nous assistons en Chine à des phénomènes de segmentation des marchés du travail, à la montée du taux de chômage, et à la création massive d'emplois informels, le tout se traduisant par une mise en mobilité généralisée du monde du travail, notamment à travers un phénomène massif de migration interne. Les jeunes en mobilité - notamment les jeunes diplômés « nomades » dans les grandes villes - se voient de plus en plus relégués dans les zones urbaines de vulnérabilité (Robert Castel) où différentes formes de précarités (notamment du travail et de logement) s’enchevêtrent et s’accumulent. Dans une société de croissance, les inégalités se multiplient et se creusent de manière vertigineuse. La mobilité sociale semble en panne et le sentiment d’injustice augmente. C’est donc à ce phénomène de migration dans un double mouvement de transformation du marché du travail et de recomposition urbaine que nous consacrons nos réflexions dans ce travail. Nous sommes en présence de jeunes migrants qualifiés vivant dans les villages-Urbains à Pékin, figures analytiques des métamorphoses en cours. Cette recherche a été menée durant l’année 2011 – 2012 à Pékin. Ces individus ont de 2 à 8 ans d’expérience professionnelle et résident dans les villages urbains à Pékin au moment de l’enquête. Cette recherche s’appuie sur des matériaux empiriques collectés et analysés selon des méthodes variées. Le travail de terrain a permit de réaliser 180 questionnaires (données quantitatives), 60 entretiens biographiques (matériau qualitatif), ainsi qu’une observation ethnographique dans un village-Urbain.Cette étude a pour but d'appréhender, en termes de carrières, le parcours d’insertion ainsi que l’expérience migratoire des jeunes diplômés, à partir des processus structurels (politiques d'emploi, politique migratoire, réseaux, etc.), et de la mise en récit, par les jeunes, de leur parcours, afin de mettre en évidence les mécanismes de production des inégalités et la construction d’identités sociales derrière les changements observés en Chine. Notre étude poursuit trois objectifs. Le premier consisterait à saisir objectivement les différentes positions et statuts occupés et d'autre part, à saisir la manière dont les jeunes interprètent leur parcours selon la perspective dans laquelle ils se trouvent, les positions qu'ils occupent et les stratégies qu'ils mettent en place. Le deuxième objectif serait de démontrer d'une part, comment les identités objectives et subjectives interagissent et se redéfinissent et d'autre part, comment le rapport au travail des jeunes se construit. En troisième lieu, le but consiste à articuler la question de l’insertion professionnelle et du rapport à l’espace, alors que la mobilité tend à devenir une norme sociale tant dans le monde du travail que dans la gestion migratoire (Hélène Pellerin, 2011)This thesis is part of the broader issue of the transformation of the labor market in China over the past two decades and the place of young migrant workers in this process. In the context of economic transition, Chine has witnessed many important changes such as the phenomenon of urban labor market segmentation, the rise in unemployment and the massive creation of informal jobs, all leading to increased mobility in the working world, as seen particularly in the phenomenon of mass domestic migration. Migrant working youth – especially university graduates from a rural background (or smaller cities) who move to large cities - are being increasingly relegated to the urban areas of vulnerability (Robert Castel,1995) where different forms of precariousness (especially in terms of employment and housing) overlap and accumulate. China’s strong economic growth has given rise to inequalities that are multiplying and deepening at a dizzying rate. Upward mobility seems broken as feeling of injustice is rising. This migration phenomenon, a simultaneous transformation of the labor market and urban restructuring, is the focus of our study. We shall examine the case of young skilled migrants living in urban villages in Beijing, analytical figures of metamorphosis in progress. This research was conducted between 2011 and 2012 in an urban village in Beijing. The subjects had between 2 and 8 years of professional experience and lived in urban villages in Beijing at the time of the survey. This research is based on empirical data collected and analyzed using various methods. Our fieldwork in China enabled us to distribute180 questionnaires (quantitative data), 60 biographical interviews (qualitative material) as well as an ethnographic observation in an urban village. This study aims to investigate, in terms of careers, the process of professional integration and the experience of migration of graduates by looking at structural factors (employment policy, migration policy, networks, etc.), and the narrative pattern used by young people to relate their journey, in order to highlight the mechanisms that produce inequalities and construct social identities underlying the changes being observed in China. Our study has three objectives. The first is to understand both the different positions and statuses held and the way in which young people interpret their journey from their perspective, the positions they hold and the strategies they adapt. The second objective is to demonstrate how their objective and subjective identities interact and are redefined, as well as how their relationships toward work are formed. Thirdly, the goal is to articulate the issue of professional integration and its relationship to physical space, in a context where mobility is becoming a social norm in both the working world and the management of migration (Hélène Pellerin 2011)
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Mahmoudkalayeh, Ehsan. "Migrants, mobility and urban low-income housing in developing countries : a case study of squatter settlement in Tehran - Iran." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281946.
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