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Journal articles on the topic 'Mobile robots'
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1
Yu, Zhong Hai. "Generic Technology of Home Service Robot." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 3330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.3330.
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The paper briefly looks back on current research situation of home service robots. It takes a home nursing robot as example to study and discuss some key generic technologies of home service robots. It generally overviewed robot’s mobile platform technology, modular design, reconfigurable robot technique, motion control, sensor technologies, indoor robot’s navigation and localization technology indoor, intelligentization, and robot’s technology standardization. Some the measures of technology standardization of home service robots have been put forward. It has realistic signification for industrialization of home service robots.
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Ma, Xi Pei, Bing Feng Qian, Song Jie Zhang, and Ye Wang. "Research on Technology and Application of Multi-Sensor Data Fusion for Indoor Service Robots." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 831–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.831.
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The autonomous navigation process of a mobile service robot is usually in uncertain environment. The information only given by sensors has been unable to meet the demand of the modern mobile robots, so multi-sensor data fusion has been widely used in the field of robots. The platform of this project is the achievement of the important 863 Program national research project-a prototype nursing robot. The aim is to study a mobile service robot’s multi-sensor information fusion, path planning and movement control method. It can provide a basis and practical use’s reference for the study of an indoor robot’s localization.
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Akai, Naoki, Yasunari Kakigi, Shogo Yoneyama, and Koichi Ozaki. "Development of Autonomous Mobile Robot that Can Navigate in Rainy Situations." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 28, no. 4 (August 19, 2016): 441–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2016.p0441.
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[abstFig src='/00280004/02.jpg' width='300' text='Navigation under strong rainy condition' ] The Real World Robot Challenge (RWRC), a technical challenge for mobile outdoor robots, has robots automatically navigate a predetermined path over 1 km with the objective of detecting specific persons. RWRC 2015 was conducted in the rain and every robot could not complete the mission. This was because sensors on the robots detected raindrops and the robots then generated unexpected behavior, indicating the need to study the influence of rain on mobile navigation systems – a study clearly not yet sufficient. We begin by describing our robot’s waterproofing function, followed by investigating the influence of rain on the external sensors commonly used in mobile robot navigation and discuss how the robot navigates autonomous in the rain. We conducted navigation experiments in artificial and actual rainy environments and those results showed that the robot navigates stably in the rain.
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Huong, Tran Thi, and Pham Thi Thu Ha. "Controlling mobile robot in flat environment taking into account nonlinear factors applying artificial intelligence." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 13, no. 5 (October 1, 2024): 3737–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v13i5.7818.
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The article shows how to build and identify intelligent automatic control problems for mobile robots in a flat surface environment at the workplace, with known and unknown obstacles. Research and develop programming and control methods as an operating system for mobile robots robot operating system (ROS). Update map data information, in the operating environment, robot position control process, obstacle overcoming process simultaneous positioning and mapping (SLAM). From there, we aim to calculate and determine the robot's motion trajectory to get a smart path. The positioning trajectory calculation system robots. The authors use actor-critic (AC) algorithm to research and develop control. Research results in simulations, in Gazebo environment and test runs on real mobile robots have shown high-quality practical performance of automatic navigation and control while using this algorithm.
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Yeom, Kiwon. "Collision Avoidance for a Car-like Mobile Robots using Deep Reinforcement Learning." International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 11, no. 11 (November 13, 2021): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.46338/ijetae1121_03.
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—The applications of mobile robots are more and more diverse and extensive. The motion planning of the mobile robots should be considered in aspect of effectiveness of the navigation, and collision-free motion is essential for mobile robots. In addition, dynamic path planning of unknown environment has always been a challenge for mobile robots. Aiming at navigation problems, this paper proposes a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) based path planning algorithm which can navigate nonholonomic car-like mobile robots in an unknown dynamic environment. The output of the learned network are the robot’s translational and angular velocities for the next time step. The method combines path planning on a 2D grid with reinforcement learning and does not need any supervision. The experiments illustrate that our trained policy can be applied to solve complex navigation tasks. Furthermore, we compare the performance of our learned controller to the popular approaches. Keywords— Deep reinforcement learning, path planning, , artificial neural network, mobile robot, autonomous vehicle
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Tsubouchi, Takashi. "Introduction to Simultaneous Localization and Mapping." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 31, no. 3 (June 20, 2019): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2019.p0367.
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Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) forms the core of the technology that supports mobile robots. With SLAM, when a robot is moving in an actual environment, real world information is imported to a computer on the robot via a sensor, and robot’s physical location and a map of its surrounding environment of the robot are created. SLAM is a major topic in mobile robot research. Although the information, supported by a mathematical description, is derived from a space in reality, it is formulated based on a probability theory when being handled. Therefore, this concept contributes not only to the research and development concerning mobile robots, but also to the training of mathematics and computer implementation, aimed mainly at position estimation and map creation for the mobile robots. This article focuses on the SLAM technology, including a brief overview of its history, insights from the author, and, finally, introduction of a specific example that the author was involved.
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Uchiyama, Naoki, Shigenori Sano, and Akihiro Yamamoto. "Sound source tracking considering obstacle avoidance for a mobile robot." Robotica 28, no. 7 (January 18, 2010): 1057–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574709990919.
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SUMMARYSound source tracking is an important function for autonomous robots, because sound is omni-directional and can be recognized in dark environment. This paper presents a new approach to sound source tracking for mobile robots using auditory sensors. We consider a general type of two-wheeled mobile robot that has wide industrial applications. Because obstacle avoidance is also an indispensable function for autonomous mobile robots, the robot is equipped with distance sensors to detect obstacles in real time. To deal with the robot's nonholonomic constraint and combine information from the auditory and distance sensors, we propose a model reference control approach in which the robot follows a desired trajectory generated by a reference model. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by experiments in which the robot is expected to approach a sound source while avoiding obstacles.
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Cen, Hua, and Bhupesh Kumar Singh. "Nonholonomic Wheeled Mobile Robot Trajectory Tracking Control Based on Improved Sliding Mode Variable Structure." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (June 17, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2974839.
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Several research studies are conducted based on the control of wheeled mobile robots. Nonholonomy constraints associated with wheeled mobile robots have encouraged the development of highly nonlinear control techniques. Nonholonomic wheeled mobile robot systems might be exposed to numerous payloads as per the application requirements. This can affect statically or dynamically the complete system mass, inertia, the location of the center of mass, and additional hardware constraints. Due to the nonholonomic and motion limited properties of wheeled mobile robots, the precision of trajectory tracking control is poor. The nonholonomic wheeled mobile robot tracking system is therefore being explored. The kinematic model and sliding mode control model are analyzed, and the trajectory tracking control of the robot is carried out using an enhanced variable structure based on sliding mode. The shear and sliding mode controls are designed, and the control stability is reviewed to control the trajectory of a nonholonomic wheeled mobile robot. The simulation outcomes show that the projected trajectory track control technique is able to improve the mobile robot’s control, the error of a pose is small, and the linear velocity and angular speed can be controlled. Take the linear and angular velocity as the predicted trajectory.
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Sasaki, Tohru, Takayuki Ushimaru, Takahiro Yamatani, Yusuke Ikemoto, and Haruki Obara. "Pivot Turning Measurement of Relative Position and Posture for Moving Robots System Using Stereo-Camera." Key Engineering Materials 523-524 (November 2012): 895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.523-524.895.
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The stereo-camera method is used to measure the positions of robots. In taking the measurements it is important to precisely measure the distance between cameras and the relative posture of the cameras. Therefore, we developed a novel method for measuring a mobile robot's relative position and posture by photographing robots’ pivot turns. A mobile robot system was equipped with a camera and an identification marker that made it possible to measure position and posture with the stereo-camera method when the viewpoint changed freely. One robot photographs the pivot turns of another. As the latter turns, an identification marker on it is used to trace the movement onto an image. The turning robot’s position and posture is determined by the length and angle of the trace. This procedure makes it possible for each of the two robots to obtain their relative position and posture, making the measurement of the stereo-camera method precise. Measuring with a fixed stereo camera is impossible when there are obstacles in the environment and the object being measured moves over a wide range. However, this robot system was able to use the stereo-camera method to expand the measurement range.
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Fox, D., W. Burgard, and S. Thrun. "Markov Localization for Mobile Robots in Dynamic Environments." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 11 (November 23, 1999): 391–427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.616.
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Localization, that is the estimation of a robot's location from sensor data, is a fundamental problem in mobile robotics. This papers presents a version of Markov localization which provides accurate position estimates and which is tailored towards dynamic environments. The key idea of Markov localization is to maintain a probability density over the space of all locations of a robot in its environment. Our approach represents this space metrically, using a fine-grained grid to approximate densities. It is able to globally localize the robot from scratch and to recover from localization failures. It is robust to approximate models of the environment (such as occupancy grid maps) and noisy sensors (such as ultrasound sensors). Our approach also includes a filtering technique which allows a mobile robot to reliably estimate its position even in densely populated environments in which crowds of people block the robot's sensors for extended periods of time. The method described here has been implemented and tested in several real-world applications of mobile robots, including the deployments of two mobile robots as interactive museum tour-guides.
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Hijikata, Masaaki, Renato Miyagusuku, and Koichi Ozaki. "Wheel Arrangement of Four Omni Wheel Mobile Robot for Compactness." Applied Sciences 12, no. 12 (June 7, 2022): 5798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12125798.
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Compact omnidirectional mobile robots are required to automate transportation of raw materials, products, etc. within an industrial plant. This paper focuses on omni wheel robots with low vibration and wheel arrangements that contribute to compactness. Due to its wheels’ configuration, our proposed compact robot may have different sensitivity to noise (controller) and different performance (errors) when following a predetermined path, compared to conventional ones. Using a simple DC motor, a robot with the proposed arrangement and a conventional robot run along a predetermined path. A linear–quadratic regulator that is processed lightly is used to control the robots for practicality. As a result, the robot’s trajectory in the proposed arrangement showed a distortion different from that of the conventional type. The distortion of the trajectory was attributed to the inability of the DC motor to rotate stably at low speed. The different distortions exhibited suggest that the wheel arrangement changes the effect of imperfect control on the robot’s motion. In addition, the proposed arrangement showed the possibility of being suitable for a transport robot because the wheels are placed in the four corners of the robot, facing forward, backward, left, and right.
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Galarza, Bryan R., Paulina Ayala, Santiago Manzano, and Marcelo V. Garcia. "Virtual Reality Teleoperation System for Mobile Robot Manipulation." Robotics 12, no. 6 (November 29, 2023): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics12060163.
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Over the past few years, the industry has experienced significant growth, leading to what is now known as Industry 4.0. This advancement has been characterized by the automation of robots. Industries have embraced mobile robots to enhance efficiency in specific manufacturing tasks, aiming for optimal results and reducing human errors. Moreover, robots can perform tasks in areas inaccessible to humans, such as hard-to-reach zones or hazardous environments. However, the challenge lies in the lack of knowledge about the operation and proper use of the robot. This work presents the development of a teleoperation system using HTC Vive Pro 2 virtual reality goggles. This allows individuals to immerse themselves in a fully virtual environment to become familiar with the operation and control of the KUKA youBot robot. The virtual reality experience is created in Unity, and through this, robot movements are executed, followed by a connection to ROS (Robot Operating System). To prevent potential damage to the real robot, a simulation is conducted in Gazebo, facilitating the understanding of the robot’s operation.
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Xiang, Hong Wei, Chang Zheng Chen, and Chang Long Ye. "Analysis of Articulated Mobile Robots for the Urban Search and Rescue." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 1641–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.1641.
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Articulated structure of mobile robot presents high flexibility on the environment adaptation. It has been widely used on the mobile robot to get through rough terrain. This class of robots named as articulated mobile robots can move in hard condition with high stability and environment adaptability. In order to satisfy the requirement of Urban Search and Rescue (USAR), a series of articulated mobile robots are analyzed. The performance of articulated mobile robots is analyzed for get an appropriate robot for USAR. Two snake-like robots named Perambulator I and II are analyzed. Based on the structure of Perambulator II, the articulated mobile robot Ameba II are presented based on track drive mechanism. Ameba II has high performance on mobility and adaptability in complex environment. The comparisons among of some typical articulated robots are given based on mobility and environment adaptation. The experimental results of both Perambulator II and Ameba II show that the Ameba II mobile robot is a better than the snake-like robot Perambulator II on the urban search and rescue applications.
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Fiedeń, Mateusz, and Jacek Bałchanowski. "A Mobile Robot with Omnidirectional Tracks—Design and Experimental Research." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (December 11, 2021): 11778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112411778.
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This article deals with the design and testing of mobile robots equipped with drive systems based on omnidirectional tracks. These are new mobile systems that combine the advantages of a typical track drive with the advantages of systems equipped with omnidirectional Mecanum wheels. The omnidirectional tracks allow the robot to move in any direction without having to change the orientation of its body. The mobile robot market (automated construction machinery, mobile handle robots, mobile platforms, etc.) constantly calls for improvements in the manoeuvrability of vehicles. Omnidirectional drive technology can meet such requirements. The main aim of the work is to create a mobile robot that is capable of omnidirectional movement over different terrains, and also to conduct an experimental study of the robot’s operation. The paper presents the construction and principles of operation of a small robot equipped with omnidirectional tracks. The robot’s construction and control system, and also a prototype made with FDM technology, are described. The trajectory parameters of the robot’s operation along the main and transverse axes were measured on a test stand equipped with a vision-based measurement system. The results of the experimental research became the basis for the development and experimental verification of a static method of correcting deviations in movement trajectory.
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Ji, Junjie, Jing-Shan Zhao, Sergey Yurievich Misyurin, and Daniel Martins. "Precision-Driven Multi-Target Path Planning and Fine Position Error Estimation on a Dual-Movement-Mode Mobile Robot Using a Three-Parameter Error Model." Sensors 23, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010517.
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The multi-target path planning problem is a universal problem to mobile robots and mobile manipulators. The two movement modes of forward movement and rotation are universally implemented in integrated, commercially accessible mobile platforms used in logistics robots, construction robots, etc. Localization error in multi-target path tracking is one of the crucial measures in mobile robot applications. In this article, a precision-driven multi-target path planning is first proposed. According to the path’s odometry error evaluation function, the precision-optimized path can be discovered. Then, a three-parameter odometry error model is proposed based on the dual movement mode. The error model describes localization errors in terms of the theoretical motion command values issued to the mobile robot, the forward moving distances, and the rotation angles. It appears that the three error parameters follow the normal distribution. The error model is finally validated using a mobile robot prototype. The error parameters can be identified by analyzing the actual moving trajectory of arbitrary movements. The experimental localization error is compared to the simulated localization error in order to validate the proposed error model and the precision-driven path planning method. The OptiTrack motion capture device was used to capture the prototype mobile robot’s pose and position data.
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Fu, Yuheng, and Qinyou Zhou. "Analysis and application research of mobile robot navigation related technologies." Applied and Computational Engineering 9, no. 1 (September 25, 2023): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/9/20230055.
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With social progress and technological development, mobile robots have played an important role in industries, medical care, safety, home and other fields due to their advantages of saving labor costs, reducing personnel work intensity, and avoiding potential job hazards. Especially in indoor environments, such as industrial indoor operations, warehousing and logistics distribution, indoor safety patrols, and other application scenarios, mobile robots have highlighted inestimable application value. Intelligent mobile robot is an important tool in the field of service and automation, and robot navigation technology is an important technology for intelligent mobile robot to achieve self-positioning, robot mapping and path planning. This paper expounds three technologies of mobile robot navigation mapping: visual mapping and positioning, lidar mapping and positioning, and sensor fusion mapping and positioning. After that, the method of path planning of the mobile robot is analyzed. Finally, the application of intelligent mobile robots in factory automation and supermarket guidance is pointed out, and the development trend of intelligent mobile robots is prospected.
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Trujillo, Juan-Carlos, Rodrigo Munguia, and Antoni Grau. "Aerial Cooperative SLAM for Ground Mobile Robot Path Planning." Engineering Proceedings 6, no. 1 (May 20, 2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/i3s2021dresden-10164.
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The trajectory planning for ground mobile robots operating in unknown environments can be a difficult task. In many cases, the sensors used for detecting obstacles only provide information about the immediate surroundings, making it difficult to generate an efficient long-term path. For instance, a robot can easily choose to move along a free path that, eventually, will have a dead end. This research is intended to develop a cooperative scheme of visual-based aerial simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) that will be used for generating a safe long-term trajectory for a ground mobile robot. The general idea is to take advantage of the high-altitude point of view of aerial robots to obtain spatial information of a wide area of the surroundings of the robot. In this case, it could be seen as having a zenithal picture of the labyrinth to solve the robot’s path. More specifically, the system will generate a wide area spatial map of the ground robot’s obstacles from the images taken by a team of aerial robots equipped with onboard cameras, by means of a cooperative visual-based SLAM method. At the same time, the map will be used to generate a safe path for the ground mobile robot. While the ground robot moves, its onboard sensors will be used to refinine the map and, thus, to avoid obstacles that were not detected from the aerial images.
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Su, Kuo Lan, Bo Yi Li, and Jian Da Fong. "Development of the Escaping Programming System for Fire Environment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 300-301 (February 2013): 389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.300-301.389.
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We present the path planning techniques of the fire escaping system using multiple mobile robots for intelligent building. The controller of the mobile robot is MCS-51 microchip, and acquires the detection signal from flame sensor through I/O pins, and receives the command from the supervised compute via wireless RF interface. The mobile robot transmits ID code, detection signal, location and orientation of the mobile robots to the supervised computer via wireless RF interface. We proposed A* searching algorithm to program escaping motion paths to guard peoples moving to the safety area using mobile robots, and develop user interface on the supervised computer for the fire escaping system. In the experimental results, the supervised computer locates the positions of fire sources by mobile robots, and programs the escaping paths on the user interface, and transmits the motion command to the mobile robots. The mobile robot guards peoples leaving the fire sources.
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Zinko, Roman, Oleg Bojko, Yurij Cherevko, Ruslan Berezenskyi, and Bogdan Chereushenko. "APPLICATION OF MOBILE ROBOTS SQUAD IN COMBAT." Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy, no. 15 (September 30, 2021): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37129/2313-7509.2021.15.51-57.
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Nowadays mobile robots are becoming one of the most important areas of military robotics. Their effective use is an urgent problem that should take into account the features of robots design, the tactics of their use and assessment of the effectiveness of their application. In military affairs, two goals can be distinguished when using military robots: increasing the efficiency of performing combat missions and reducing losses of military personnel; providing the main forces that carry out combat missions with the necessary material and information resources. In case of replacement of servicemen in combat actions with mobile combat robots (MCR), it becomes necessary to use them effectively. The purpose of the article is to develop tactics for the use of mobile robots in the military units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The following tasks were solved for this purpose: a definition of the squad of mobile strike robots was given, its armament, the distribution of duties of military personnel who ensure the operation of mobile combat robots, the actions of squad in the main types of combined arms combat: defense and offensive, an assessment of the effectiveness of using combat robots. The article gives the definition of the squad of combat (strike) robots, defines its composition and weapons. The squad includes mobile combat robots: a support robot, two strike robots, observer-robot, router-robot, Kesentai mines robots. The availability of delivery (transportation) vehicles with a control center is important for the squad of strike robots. The squad includes military personnel: squad leader, operators of MCR 1 and MCR 3, (weapons control), operators of MCR 2, MCR 4 (traffic control), driver of delivery vehicles, observer, guard. Each of them has its own responsibilities, designed to comprehensively solve the task assigned to the squad. Keywords: combat (strike) robot, defense, offensive, the effectiveness of the use of a squad of combat (strike) robots.
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Batlle, J., and P. Ridao. "Mobile robots in industrial environments." Human Systems Management 18, no. 3-4 (December 29, 1999): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/hsm-1999-183-412.
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It is known that mobile robot applications have a preponderant role in industrial and social environments and, more specifically, helping human beings in carrying out difficult tasks in hostile environments. From teleoperated systems to autonomous robots, there is a wide variety of possibilities requiring a high technological level. Many concepts such as perception, manipulator design, grasping, dynamic control, etc. are involved in the field of industrial mobile robots. In this context, human–robot interaction is one of the most widely studied topics over the last few years together with computer vision techniques and virtual reality tools. In all these technical fields, a common goal is pursued, i.e., robots to come closer to human skills. In this paper, first some important research projects and contributions on mobile robots in industrial environments are overviewed. Second, a proposal for classification of mobile robot architectures is described. Third, results achieved in two specific application areas of mobile robotics are reported. The first is related to the tele-operation of a mobile robot called ROGER by means of a TCP/IP network. The control system of the robot is built up as a distributed system, using distributed object oriented software, CORBA compatible. The second is related to the teleoperation of an underwater robot called GARBI. (Research project co-ordinated with the Polytechnic University of Catalonia (Prof. Josep Amat) and financed by the Spanish Government.) The utility of this kind of prototype is demonstrated in tasks such as welding applications in underwater environments, inspection of dammed walls, etc. Finally, an industrial project involving the use of intelligent autonomous robots is presented showing how the experience gained in robotics has been applied.
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Huang, Zhihong, and Jianping Geng. "Research on laser-based mobile robot SLAM and autonomous navigation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2711, no. 1 (February 1, 2024): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2711/1/012021.
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Abstract SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) and autonomous navigation systems, as fundamental components of mobile robots, largely determine their ability to accomplish tasks. While research on laser-based SLAM and autonomous navigation algorithms in simulated environments has achieved significant success, there is limited research on deploying these algorithms on physical mobile robots, conducting real-world experiments to provide practical data for validating the accuracy and applicability of theoretical models. This paper begins by presenting the system architecture of the mobile robot used in this study. Subsequently, it delves into the research on SLAM algorithms, analyzing and selecting the Gmapping algorithm as the solution to the SLAM problem. Furthermore, the paper introduces the research on autonomous navigation, providing a detailed explanation of the principles behind the A* global path planning algorithm combined with the Dynamic Window Approach (DWA) for local path planning. Finally, by controlling the mobile robot through a distributed communication network, the paper tests the performance of the mobile robot, constructs maps in a real indoor environment, achieving a relative map accuracy error of less than 3%, thus validating the effectiveness of the Gmapping algorithm for practical mapping. Autonomous navigation tasks are also performed, testing the mobile robot’s local obstacle avoidance capabilities using temporary obstacles. Overall, this research demonstrates that the designed mobile robot can effectively accomplish SLAM and autonomous navigation tasks. The results of this study can also assist beginners in rapidly and clearly building physical mobile robots and deploying SLAM systems.
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Qin, Hongwei, Shiliang Shao, Ting Wang, Xiaotian Yu, Yi Jiang, and Zonghan Cao. "Review of Autonomous Path Planning Algorithms for Mobile Robots." Drones 7, no. 3 (March 18, 2023): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones7030211.
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Mobile robots, including ground robots, underwater robots, and unmanned aerial vehicles, play an increasingly important role in people’s work and lives. Path planning and obstacle avoidance are the core technologies for achieving autonomy in mobile robots, and they will determine the application prospects of mobile robots. This paper introduces path planning and obstacle avoidance methods for mobile robots to provide a reference for researchers in this field. In addition, it comprehensively summarizes the recent progress and breakthroughs of mobile robots in the field of path planning and discusses future directions worthy of research in this field. We focus on the path planning algorithm of a mobile robot. We divide the path planning methods of mobile robots into the following categories: graph-based search, heuristic intelligence, local obstacle avoidance, artificial intelligence, sampling-based, planner-based, constraint problem satisfaction-based, and other algorithms. In addition, we review a path planning algorithm for multi-robot systems and different robots. We describe the basic principles of each method and highlight the most relevant studies. We also provide an in-depth discussion and comparison of path planning algorithms. Finally, we propose potential research directions in this field that are worth studying in the future.
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Xu, Rui, Lu Qian, and Xingwei Zhao. "Development of dual-arm mobile robot platform based on ROS." Cobot 1 (January 12, 2022): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/cobot.17457.1.
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Background: With the increasing demand of mobile robots in warehousing, logistics and service fields, simple planar motion is difficult to meet the task requirements of complex environment. The combination of mobile robot and cooperative robot is helpful to improve the dexterity of robot movement and expand the application of robots. Methods: Aiming at the application requirements of dual-arm robots and mobile robots in practical applications, this paper designed the hardware of a platform, built a simulation platform based on ROS (Robot Operating System), and designed the actual software control framework. Finally, the feasibility of the platform design was verified by the coupling motion experiment of the two robots. Results: We have established a simulation of the dual-arm mobile platform in ROS, designed the actual software control framework, and verified the feasibility of the platform design through experiments. Conclusions: The mobile platform can meet a variety of application requirements and lay the foundation for subsequent development.
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Wang, Jieyu, Yan'an Yao, and Xianwen Kong. "A reconfigurable tri-prism mobile robot with eight modes." Robotica 36, no. 10 (June 27, 2018): 1454–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574718000498.
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SUMMARYA novel reconfigurable tri-prism mobile robot with eight modes is proposed. The robot is composed of two feet connected by three U-R-U (universal-revolute-universal) limbs. The robot incorporates the kinematic properties of sphere robots, squirming robots, tracked robots, wheeled robots and biped robots. In addition, the somersaulting and turning modes are also explored. After the description of the robot, the DOF (degree-of-freedom) is calculated based on screw theory. The 3D model and simulations indicate that the robot can cross several typical obstacles and can also be folded via two approaches. Finally, the prototype experiments are presented to verify the feasibility of the proposed mobile robot in different motion mode.
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Szeląg, Piotr, Sebastian Dudzik, and Anna Podsiedlik. "Investigation on the Mobile Wheeled Robot in Terms of Energy Consumption, Travelling Time and Path Matching Accuracy." Energies 16, no. 3 (January 22, 2023): 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031210.
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The task of controlling a wheeled mobile robot is an important element of navigation algorithms. The control algorithm manages the robot’s movement in accordance with the path determined by the planner module, where the accuracy of mapping the given route is very important. Most often, mobile robots are battery-powered, which makes minimizing energy consumption and shortening travel time an important issue. For this reason, in this work, the mobile robot control algorithm was tested in terms of energy consumption, travel time and path mapping accuracy. During the research, a criterion was developed, thanks to which it was possible to select the optimal parameters of the pure pursuit algorithm that controls the movement of the tested robot. The research was carried out in the Laboratory of Intelligent Mobile Robots using the QBot2e mobile robot operating on the basis of differential drive kinematics. As a result of the research, optimal values of the control parameters were obtained, minimizing the travel time, energy consumption and mapping error of the given paths.
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Bock, Gregory A., Ryan T. Hendrickson, Jared Allen Lamkin, Brittany Dhall, Jing Wang, and In Soo Ahn. "Experimental Validation of Distributed Cooperative Control of Multiple Mobile Robots via Local Information Exchange." International Journal of Handheld Computing Research 8, no. 2 (April 2017): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijhcr.2017040102.
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In this paper, we present the experimental testing results of distributed cooperative control algorithms for multiple mobile robots with limited sensing/communication capacity and kinematic constraints. Rendezvous and formation control problems are considered, respectively. To deal with the inherent kinematic constraints with robot model, the input/output linearization via feedback is used to convert the nonlinear robot model into a linear one, and then the distributed cooperative control algorithms are designed via local information exchange among robots. Extensive experiments using Quanser's QBot2 mobile robot platforms are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed distributed cooperative control algorithms. Specifically, the robot's onboard Kinect vision sensor is applied to solve the localization problem, and the information exchange is done through an ad-hoc peer-to-peer wireless TCP/IP connection among neighboring robots. Collision avoidance problem is also addressed based on the utilization of fuzzy logic rules.
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Takahashi, Kiyoaki, Takafumi Ono, Tomokazu Takahashi, Masato Suzuki, Yasuhiko Arai, and Seiji Aoyagi. "Performance Evaluation of Robot Localization Using 2D and 3D Point Clouds." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 29, no. 5 (October 20, 2017): 928–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2017.p0928.
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Autonomous mobile robots need to acquire surrounding environmental information based on which they perform their self-localizations. Current autonomous mobile robots often use point cloud data acquired by laser range finders (LRFs) instead of image data. In the virtual robot autonomous traveling tests we have conducted in this study, we have evaluated the robot’s self-localization performance on Normal Distributions Transform (NDT) scan matching. This was achieved using 2D and 3D point cloud data to assess whether they perform better self-localizations in case of using 3D or 2D point cloud data.
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Ravankar, Abhijeet, Ankit A. Ravankar, Arpit Rawankar, and Yohei Hoshino. "Autonomous and Safe Navigation of Mobile Robots in Vineyard with Smooth Collision Avoidance." Agriculture 11, no. 10 (September 30, 2021): 954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11100954.
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In recent years, autonomous robots have extensively been used to automate several vineyard tasks. Autonomous navigation is an indispensable component of such field robots. Autonomous and safe navigation has been well studied in indoor environments and many algorithms have been proposed. However, unlike structured indoor environments, vineyards pose special challenges for robot navigation. Particularly, safe robot navigation is crucial to avoid damaging the grapes. In this regard, we propose an algorithm that enables autonomous and safe robot navigation in vineyards. The proposed algorithm relies on data from a Lidar sensor and does not require a GPS. In addition, the proposed algorithm can avoid dynamic obstacles in the vineyard while smoothing the robot’s trajectories. The curvature of the trajectories can be controlled, keeping a safe distance from both the crop and the dynamic obstacles. We have tested the algorithm in both a simulation and with robots in an actual vineyard. The results show that the robot can safely navigate the lanes of the vineyard and smoothly avoid dynamic obstacles such as moving people without abruptly stopping or executing sharp turns. The algorithm performs in real-time and can easily be integrated into robots deployed in vineyards.
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Ahmad, Faisul Arif, Abd Rahman Ramli, Khairulmizam Samsudin, and Shaiful Jahari Hashim. "Optimization of Power Utilization in Multimobile Robot Foraging Behavior Inspired by Honeybees System." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/153162.
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Deploying large numbers of mobile robots which can interact with each other produces swarm intelligent behavior. However, mobile robots are normally running with finite energy resource, supplied from finite battery. The limitation of energy resource required human intervention for recharging the batteries. The sharing information among the mobile robots would be one of the potentials to overcome the limitation on previously recharging system. A new approach is proposed based on integrated intelligent system inspired by foraging of honeybees applied to multimobile robot scenario. This integrated approach caters for both working and foraging stages for known/unknown power station locations. Swarm mobile robot inspired by honeybee is simulated to explore and identify the power station for battery recharging. The mobile robots will share the location information of the power station with each other. The result showed that mobile robots consume less energy and less time when they are cooperating with each other for foraging process. The optimizing of foraging behavior would result in the mobile robots spending more time to do real work.
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Valliappan, Karthik C*, and Vikram R. "Autonomous Indoor Navigation for Mobile Robots." Regular issue 10, no. 7 (May 30, 2021): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.g9038.0510721.
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An autonomous navigation system for a robot is key for it to be self-reliant in any given environment. Precise navigation and localization of robots will minimize the need for guided work areas specifically designed for the utilization of robots. The existing solution for autonomous navigation is very expensive restricting its implementation to satisfy a wide variety of applications for robots. This project aims to develop a low-cost methodology for complete autonomous navigation and localization of the robot. For localization, the robot is equipped with an image sensor that captures reference points in its field of view. When the robot moves, the change in robot position is estimated by calculating the shift in the location of the initially captured reference point. Using the onboard proximity sensors, the robot generates a map of all the accessible areas in its domain which is then used for generating a path to the desired location. The robot uses the generated path to navigate while simultaneously avoiding any obstacles in its path to arrive at the desired location.
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Umetani, Tomohiro, Yuya Kondo, and Takuma Tokuda. "Rapid Development of a Mobile Robot for the Nakanoshima Challenge Using a Robot for Intelligent Environments." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 32, no. 6 (December 20, 2020): 1211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2020.p1211.
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Automated mobile platforms are commonly used to provide services for people in an intelligent environment. Data on the physical position of personal electronic devices or mobile robots are important for information services and robotic applications. Therefore, automated mobile robots are required to reconstruct location data in surveillance tasks. This paper describes the development of an autonomous mobile robot to achieve tasks in intelligent environments. In particular, the robot constructed route maps in outdoor environments using laser imaging detection and ranging (LiDAR), and RGB-D sensors via simultaneous localization and mapping. The mobile robot system was developed based on a robot operating system (ROS), reusing existing software. The robot participated in the Nakanoshima Challenge, which is an experimental demonstration test of mobile robots in Osaka, Japan. The results of the experiments and outdoor field tests demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed robot system.
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Zhang, Weimin, and Guoyong Wang. "Reinforcement Learning-Based Continuous Action Space Path Planning Method for Mobile Robots." Journal of Robotics 2022 (October 15, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9069283.
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A reinforcement learning-based continuous action space path planning method for mobile robots is proposed in this article. First, the kinematic model of the mobile robot is analyzed, and on this basis, the optimal state space is constructed according to the minimum depth of the field value in the depth image to characterize the distance between the robot and the obstacle. Then, by setting the reward function of the mobile robot based on the artificial potential field method, the information of the robot’s distance from obstacles is continuous, and a new reinforcement learning training process is proposed. Finally, by introducing a DDPG algorithm, the path planning of a mobile robot in an unknown environment is described as a Markov decision process, and the optimal planning of the mobile robot’s continuous action space path is realized with a high success rate. The results show that compared with other three comparison methods, the final success rates of the proposed method are the highest, which are 97.2%, 99.1%, 98.4%, and 98.6%, respectively.
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Li, Haiyuan, Haoyu Wang, Linlin Cui, Jiake Li, Qi Wei, and Jiqiang Xia. "Design and Experiments of a Compact Self-Assembling Mobile Modular Robot with Joint Actuation and Onboard Visual-Based Perception." Applied Sciences 12, no. 6 (March 16, 2022): 3050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12063050.
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Modular robots have the advantage of self-assembling into a large and complex structure to travel through territories beyond an individual robot’s capacity. A swarm of mobile robots is combined through mechanical interconnection and joint actuation to achieve a linked or articular configuration. In this paper, to enhance the perception, actuation and docking capacity of modular robots, a parallel mechanism-based docking system and onboard visual perception system are proposed in the design of a novel compact self-assembling mobile modular robot (SMMRob). Each module is self-contained, with a sensing or joint function. The robot modules can dock with each other based on relative positioning, which employs the visual perception of passive markers or active infrared signals in different localizations. Performance experiments were conducted to evaluate the robot module. Docking experiments were performed, along with an analysis of the success and failure results. The self-assembly of snake-like and quadruped robots was achieved in response to different environments, including an obstacle, gap or stair, and experiments were performed on self-assembly into a snake-like structure.
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LIU, YUBIN, RUOPENG WEI, HUIJUAN DONG, YANHE ZHU, and JIE ZHAO. "A DESIGNATION OF MODULAR MOBILE RECONFIGURABLE PLATFORM SYSTEM." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 20, no. 09 (September 16, 2020): 2040006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519420400060.
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Mobile robots working in special environment have to adapt for unknown and complex environment characteristics, so high mobility, functional versatility and robustness of mobile robots are required. Different from specialized robot designed for single function in single environment, single unit of modular reconfigurable robots has simple mechanical structure, flexible movement and maneuverability; meanwhile, the combination of multiple units has flexible and versatile configuration, combined with distributed control and swarm intelligence algorithm to gain environmental adaptability and functional versatility of the entire reconfigurable robot system. Single unit of modular mobile reconfigurable robots could complete lightweight tasks such as transporting medicines, distributing and accompanying nurses. Meanwhile, the combination of multiple units could complete heavyweight tasks such as transporting patients and large medical equipment. Modular mobile reconfigurable robot system has broad application prospects in the field of medical auxiliary robots.
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Trevai, Chomchana, Norisuke Fujii, Jun Ota, and Tamio Arai. "Multiple Mobile Robot Exploration and Patrol Strategy Using a Self-Organizing Planner Based on a Reaction-Diffusion Equation on a Graph." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 20, no. 1 (February 20, 2008): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2008.p0024.
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In this paper, we propose a search and surveillance with mobile robots to collect information while minimizing repeated coverage to maximize efficiency. The problem of search and surveillance is defined as one having a mobile robot or covering a working area with sensor footprints. The problem is applicable to tasks such as floor cleaning, map building, surveillance, security patrols, and search and rescue operations. We use a reaction-diffusion equation on a graph (RDEG), we make and remake plans online base on incoming environmental information. The strategy is applicable to patrolling tasks after an environment has been completely explorated. Tasks are allocated to multiple mobile robots, among which a temporary leader, i.e., the robot detecting a drastic change in the environment, plans a strategy for other mobile robots on the team. Sensing and positioning data for each robot is broadcast and shared among robots. Simulation in different scenarios using one to three robots demonstrated the feasibility of increasing the number of robots on a team.
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Zghair, Noor Abdul Khaleq, and Ahmed S. Al-Araji. "A one decade survey of autonomous mobile robot systems." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 4891. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i6.pp4891-4906.
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<span lang="EN-US">Recently, autonomous mobile robots have gained popularity in the modern world due to their relevance technology and application in real world situations. The global market for mobile robots will grow significantly over the next 20 years. Autonomous mobile robots are found in many fields including institutions, industry, business, hospitals, agriculture as well as private households for the purpose of improving day-to-day activities and services. The development of technology has increased in the requirements for mobile robots because of the services and tasks provided by them, like rescue and research operations, surveillance, carry heavy objects and so on. Researchers have conducted many works on the importance of robots, their uses, and problems. This article aims to analyze the control system of mobile robots and the way robots have the ability of moving in real-world to achieve their goals. It should be noted that there are several technological directions in a mobile robot industry. It must be observed and integrated so that the robot functions properly: Navigation systems, localization systems, detection systems (sensors) along with motion and kinematics and dynamics systems. All such systems should be united through a control unit; thus, the mission or work of mobile robots are conducted with reliability.</span>
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A. Mhawesh, Mustafa, Zaid H. Al-Tameemi, and Omar Muhammed Neda. "Review of mobile robots obstacle avoidance, localization, motion planning, and wheels." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 20, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp768-776.
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<span>The main objective of this research is to study the obstacle avoidance, Monte Carlo Localization (MCL) method, motion planning in dynamic networks for mobile robots, and mobile robots wheels depending on the previous published researches. The researchers had done their experiments on different mobile robots and had validated them. This research helps the readers to learn how the robot changes its directions to prevent itself from collisions depending on three ultrasonic sensors. Also, they will learn the localization of the mobile robots depending on the recorded data from RHINO and MINERVA robots. In addition to learning the obstacle avoiding and the localization of mobile robots, the readers will learn new planning framework. Furthermore, they will get knowledge in types of mobile robots wheels.</span>
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Zhang, Hong Min. "Path Planning Methods of Mobile Robot Based on Soft Computing Technique." Advanced Materials Research 216 (March 2011): 677–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.216.677.
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Path planning is one of the most important and challenging problems of mobile robot. It is one of the keys that will make the mobile robots fully autonomous. In this paper, we summarized the application of soft computing approaches in path planning for mobile robot. Finally the future works of path planning for mobile robots are prospected.
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Poskart, Bartosz, Grzegorz Iskierka, Kamil Krot, Robert Burduk, Paweł Gwizdal, and Arkadiusz Gola. "Multi-Parameter Predictive Model of Mobile Robot’s Battery Discharge for Intelligent Mission Planning in Multi-Robot Systems." Sensors 22, no. 24 (December 15, 2022): 9861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22249861.
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The commercially available battery management and mission scheduling systems for fleets of autonomous mobile robots use different algorithms to calculate the current state of charge of the robot’s battery. This information alone cannot be used to predict whether it will be possible for a single robot in the fleet to execute all of the scheduled missions. This paper provides insight into how to develop a universal battery discharge model based on key mission parameters, which allows for predicting the battery usage over the course of the scheduled missions and can, in turn, be used to determine which missions to delegate to other robots in the fleet, or if more robots are needed in the fleet to accomplish the production plan. The resulting model is, therefore, necessary for mission scheduling in a flexible production system, including autonomous mobile robot transportation networks.
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Rubio, Francisco, Francisco Valero, and Carlos Llopis-Albert. "A review of mobile robots: Concepts, methods, theoretical framework, and applications." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 16, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 172988141983959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881419839596.
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Humanoid robots, unmanned rovers, entertainment pets, drones, and so on are great examples of mobile robots. They can be distinguished from other robots by their ability to move autonomously, with enough intelligence to react and make decisions based on the perception they receive from the environment. Mobile robots must have some source of input data, some way of decoding that input, and a way of taking actions (including its own motion) to respond to a changing world. The need to sense and adapt to an unknown environment requires a powerful cognition system. Nowadays, there are mobile robots that can walk, run, jump, and so on like their biological counterparts. Several fields of robotics have arisen, such as wheeled mobile robots, legged robots, flying robots, robot vision, artificial intelligence, and so on, which involve different technological areas such as mechanics, electronics, and computer science. In this article, the world of mobile robots is explored including the new trends. These new trends are led by artificial intelligence, autonomous driving, network communication, cooperative work, nanorobotics, friendly human–robot interfaces, safe human–robot interaction, and emotion expression and perception. Furthermore, these news trends are applied to different fields such as medicine, health care, sports, ergonomics, industry, distribution of goods, and service robotics. These tendencies will keep going their evolution in the coming years.
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Nguyen, Ha Xuan, Huy Van Nguyen, Tung Thanh Ngo, and Anh Duy Nguyen. "IMPROVEMENT OF CONTROL ALGORITHM FOR MOBILE ROBOT USING MULTI-LAYER SENSOR FUSION." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 59, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/59/0/15301.
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Mobile robots have received much of attention in the last three decades due to their very high potential of applications such as smart logistics, exploration, and intelligent services. One of important functions of mobile robots is the navigation in which robot must know their location, the maps of environment and perform path planning with obstacle avoidance. In this work, we introduce an improvement of control algorithm for mobile robot using multi-layer sensor fusion toward the target of efficient obstacle avoidance. Based on our method, we used three layers of sensors arranging in three height-different planes of robot’s housing for sensor fusion. A control algorithm, which is extended from the so-called bubble rebound algorithm and uses signal from sensor system, was proposed. Experimental implementation on a mobile robot, named EAI, shows that our algorithm can control the robot to navigate and avoid obstacles much efficiently, in which obstacles in forms of different shapes and height can also be avoided. A high repeatability and stability of the algorithm is obtained.
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Samadi Gharajeh, Mohammad, and Hossein B. Jond. "Speed Control for Leader-Follower Robot Formation Using Fuzzy System and Supervised Machine Learning." Sensors 21, no. 10 (May 14, 2021): 3433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21103433.
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Mobile robots are endeavoring toward full autonomy. To that end, wheeled mobile robots have to function under non-holonomic constraints and uncertainty derived by feedback sensors and/or internal dynamics. Speed control is one of the main and challenging objectives in the endeavor for efficient autonomous collision-free navigation. This paper proposes an intelligent technique for speed control of a wheeled mobile robot using a combination of fuzzy logic and supervised machine learning (SML). The technique is appropriate for flexible leader-follower formation control on straight paths where a follower robot maintains a safely varying distance from a leader robot. A fuzzy controller specifies the ultimate distance of the follower to the leader using the measurements obtained from two ultrasonic sensors. An SML algorithm estimates a proper speed for the follower based on the ultimate distance. Simulations demonstrated that the proposed technique appropriately adjusts the follower robot’s speed to maintain a flexible formation with the leader robot.
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Korendiy, Vitaliy, Oleksandr Kachur, Oleksandr Havrylchenko, and Vasyl Lozynskyy. "Modelling and simulation of pneumatic system operation of mobile robot." Ukrainian Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science 6, no. 2 (2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ujmems2020.02.001.
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Problem statement. Mobile robots are currently of significant interest among researchers and designers all over the world. One of the prospective drives of such robots is equipped by a pneumatically operated orthogonal system. The processes of development and improvement of orthogonal walking robots are significantly constrained because of the lack of an open-access comprehensive scientific and theoretical framework for calculating and designing of the energy-efficient and environmental-friendly pneumatic walking drives. Purpose. The main purpose of this research consists in the kinematic analysis, motion modelling and pneumatic system simulation of the mobile robot with an orthogonal walking drive. Methodology. The research is carried out using the basic laws and principles of mechanics, pneumatics and automation. The numerical modelling of the robot motion is conducted in MathCad software. The computer simulation of the robot kinematics is performed using SolidWorks software. The operational characteristics of the robot’s pneumatic system are investigated in Festo FluidSim software. Findings (results) and originality (novelty). The improved design of the mobile robot equipped by the orthogonal walking drive and turning mechanism is thoroughly investigated. The motion equations of the orthogonal walking drive are deduced, and the graphical dependencies describing the trajectories (paths) of the robot’s feet and body are constructed. The pneumatically operated system ensuring the robot rectilinear and curvilinear locomotion is substantiated. Practical value. The proposed design of the walking robot can be used while developing industrial (production) prototypes of mobile robotic systems intended for performing various activities in the environments that are not suitable for using electric power. Scopes of further investigations. While carrying out further investigations, it is expedient to design the devices for changing the robot locomotion speed and controlling the lifting height of its feet.
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Korendiy, Vitaliy, Roman Zinko, Vasyl Lozynskyy, and Oleksandr Havrylchenko. "Design and operational peculiarities of four-degree-of-freedom double-legged robot with pneumatic drive and turning mechanism." Ukrainian journal of mechanical engineering and materials science 6, no. 1 (2020): 54–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ujmems2020.01.054.
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Problem statement. Mobile robots are of significant interest among scientists and designers during the last several decades. One of the prospective drives of such robots is based on pneumatically operated walking (stepping) system with no use of electric, heat, magnetic or other types of energy. This allows the use of pneumatically-driven robots in the cases when the use of other energy sources is prohibited (e.g., in some gaseous or fluid mediums). At the same time, the walking (stepping) type of moving increases the manoeuvrability and cross-country capability of the mobile robot, and decreases the harmful effect of its interaction with the supporting surface (e.g., the fertile soil surface) in comparison with wheeled or caterpillar drives. Purpose. The main purpose of this research consists in substantiation of structure and parameters of pneumatic system of four-degree-of-freedom mobile robot with orthogonal walking drive and turning mechanism. Methodology. The research is carried out using the basic laws and principles of mechanics, pneumatics and automation. The numerical experiment is conducted in MathCAD software; the computer simulation of the robot’s motion is performed using SolidWorks software; the modelling of the pneumatic system operation is carried out in Festo FluidSim Pneumatic software. Findings (results) and originality (novelty). The improved structure of the mobile robot with orthogonal walking drive and turning mechanism is proposed. The pneumatically operated system ensuring the robot’s curvilinear motion is substantiated. Practical value. The proposed design of walking robot can be used while designing industrial (production) prototypes of mobile robotic systems for performing various activities in the environments that are not suitable for using electric power or other types of energy sources. Scopes of further investigations. While carrying out further investigations, it is necessary to design the devices for changing motion speed of the robot and the height of lifting of its feet.
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Komoriya, Kiyoshi. "Special Issue on Mobile Robot." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 11, no. 1 (February 20, 1999): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1999.p0001.
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Mobility, or locomotion, is as important a function for robots as manipulation. A robot can enlarge its work space by locomotion. It can also recognize its environment well with its sensors by moving around and by observing its surroundings from various directions. Much researches has been done on mobile robots and the research appears to be mature. Research activity on robot mobility is still very active; for example, 22% of the sessions at ICRA'98 - the International Conference on Robotics and Automation - and 24% of the sessions at IROS'98 - the International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems - dealt with issues directly related to mobile robots. One of the main reasons may be that intelligent mobile robots are thought to be the closest position to autonomous robot applications. This special issue focuses on a variety of mobile robot research from mobile mechanisms, localization, and navigation to remote control through networks. The first paper, entitled ""Control of an Omnidirectional Vehicle with Multiple Modular Steerable Drive Wheels,"" by M. Hashimoto et al., deals with locomotion mechanisms. They propose an omnidirectional mobile mechanism consisting of modular steerable drive wheels. The omnidirectional function of mobile mechanisms will be an important part of the human-friendly robot in the near future to realize flexible movements in indoor environments. The next three papers focus on audiovisual sensing to localize and navigate a robot. The second paper, entitled ""High-Speed Measurement of Normal Wall Direction by Ultrasonic Sensor,"" by A. Ohya et al., proposes a method to measure the normal direction of walls by ultrasonic array sensor. The third paper, entitled ""Self-Position Detection System Using a Visual-Sensor for Mobile Robots,"" is written by T. Tanaka et al. In their method, the position of the robot is decided by measuring marks such as name plates and fire alarm lamps by visual sensor. In the fourth paper, entitled ""Development of Ultra-Wide-Angle Laser Range Sensor and Navigation of a Mobile Robot in a Corridor Environment,"" written by Y Ando et al., a very wide view-angle sensor is realized using 5 laser fan beam projectors and 3 CCD cameras. The next three papers discussing navigation problems. The fifth paper, entitled ""Autonomous Navigation of an Intelligent Vehicle Using 1-Dimensional Optical Flow,"" by M. Yamada and K. Nakazawa, discusses navigation based on visual feedback. In this work, navigation is realized by general and qualitative knowledge of the environment. The sixth paper, entitled ""Development of Sensor-Based Navigation for Mobile Robots Using Target Direction Sensor,"" by M. Yamamoto et al., proposes a new sensor-based navigation algorithm in an unknown obstacle environment. The seventh paper, entitled ""Navigation Based on Vision and DGPS Information for Mobile Robots,"" S. Kotani et al., describes a navigation system for an autonomous mobile robot in an outdoor environment. The unique point of their paper is the utilization of landmarks and a differential global positioning system to determine robot position and orientation. The last paper deals with the relationship between the mobile robot and computer networks. The paper, entitled ""Direct Mobile Robot Teleoperation via Internet,"" by K. Kawabata et al., proposes direct teleoperation of a mobile robot via the Internet. Such network-based robotics will be an important field in robotics application. We sincerely thank all of the contributors to this special issue for their cooperation from the planning stage to the review process. Many thanks also go to the reviewers for their excellent work. We will be most happy if this issue aids readers in understanding recent trends in mobile robot research and furthers interest in this research field.
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Le, Yanqun, Hiroyuki Kojima, and Kazuhiko Matsuda. "Cooperative Obstacle-Avoidance Pushing Transportation of a Planar Object with One Leader and Two Follower Mobile Robots." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 17, no. 1 (February 20, 2005): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2005.p0077.
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This paper proposes a cooperative obstacle-avoidance pushing transportation system using one leader and two follower mobile robots. Its usefulness and effectiveness are illustrated and confirmed numerically as well as experimentally. The cooperative obstacle-avoidance pushing transportation control consists of the obstacle configuration measurement phase by the leader mobile robot, the trajectory-planning phase and the pushing transfer control phase by the two follower mobile robots. In the obstacle configuration measurement phase, the leader mobile robot moves by use of the obstacle-avoidance vehicle control method constructed with six infrared sensors and the pattern recognition algorithm, and three waypoints for the trajectory planning of the follower mobile robots are extracted. In the trajectory-planning phase, the two follower mobile robots receive the three modified waypoints from the leader mobile robot through wireless communication systems, and the obstacle-avoidance trajectories by use of cubic spiral and straight-line segments are generated. Then, in the pushing transfer control phase, a planar object is transported with the pushing and constraining forces resulting from the passive compliance mechanisms attached to the follower mobile robots, and the shock is effectively reduced by the passive compliance mechanisms. From the numerical simulation and experimental results using autonomous mobile robots (MK-01X developed by Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd.), it is confirmed that the planar object can be successfully transported by pushing from the start configuration to the goal in spite of the existence of the obstacle.
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Hashimoto, Masafumi, Takanori Kurazumi, and Fuminori Oba. "Odometry in Cooperative Multi-Mobile Robots." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 11, no. 5 (October 20, 1999): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1999.p0411.
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We propose odometry in cooperative multi-mobile robots by integrating conventional odometry and interrobot position sensor information. In our odometry, each robot is considered a moving landmark with imprecise location. Robots in the group locally estimate their own absolute positions based on conventional odometry and find the relative positions of each other using interrobot position sensors. They communicate and exchange information on local estimates and relative positions. The information is integrated decentralized based on the extended Kalman filter and robots improve their absolute positions. Simulation and experiments show that our odometry eliminates large robot location errors found in conventional odometry.
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Donoso-Aguirre, F., J. P. Bustos-Salas, M. Torres-Torriti, and A. Guesalaga. "Mobile robot localization using the Hausdorff distance." Robotica 26, no. 2 (March 2008): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574707003657.
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SUMMARYThis paper presents a novel method for localization of mobile robots in structured environments. The estimation of the position and orientation of the robot relies on the minimisation of the partial Hausdorff distance between ladar range measurements and a floor plan image of the building. The approach is employed in combination with an extended Kalman filter to obtain accurate estimates of the robot's position, heading and velocity. Good estimates of these variables were obtained during tests performed using a differential drive robot, thus demonstrating that the approach provides an accurate, reliable and computationally feasible alternative for indoor robot localization and autonomous navigation.
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Lopez, Marcela, and Mahdi Haghshenas-Jaryani. "A Study of Energy-Efficient and Optimal Locomotion in a Pneumatic Artificial Muscle-Driven Snake Robot." Robotics 12, no. 3 (June 20, 2023): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics12030089.
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This paper presents a study of energy efficiency and kinematic-based optimal design locomotion of a pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM)-driven snake-like robot. Although snake-like robots have several advantages over wheeled and track-wheeled mobile robots, their low energy-locomotion has limited their applications in long-range and outdoor fields. This work continues our previous efforts in designing and prototyping a muscle-driven snake-like robot to address their low energy efficiency limitation. An electro-pneumatic control hardware was developed to control the robot’s locomotion and a control algorithm for generating the lateral undulation gait. The energy efficiency of a single muscle (i.e., PAM), a single 2-link module of the robot, and a 6-link snake robot were also studied. Moreover, the power consumption was derived for the snake locomotion to determine the cost of transportation as the index for measuring the performance of the robot. Finally, the performance of the robot was analyzed and compared to similar models. Our analysis showed that the power consumption efficiency for our robot is 0.21, which is comparable to the reported range of 0.016–0.32 from other robots. In addition, the cost of transportation for our robot was determined to be 0.19 compared to the range of 0.01–0.75 reported for the other mobile robots. Finally, the range of motion for the joints of the robot is ±30∘, which is comparable to the reported range of motion of other snake-like robots, i.e., 25∘–45∘.
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Zhang, Ziang, Yixu Wan, You Wang, Xiaoqing Guan, Wei Ren, and Guang Li. "Improved hybrid A* path planning method for spherical mobile robot based on pendulum." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 18, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 172988142199295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881421992958.
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This article proposes a modification of hybrid A* method used for navigation of spherical mobile robots with the ability of limited partial lateral movement driven by pendulum. For pendulum-driven spherical robots with nonzero minimal turning radius, our modification helps to find a feasible and achievable path, which can be followed in line with the low time cost. Because of spherical shell shape, the robot is point contact with the ground, showing different kinematic model compared with common ground mobile robots such as differential robot and wheeled car-like robot. Therefore, this article analyzes the kinematic model of spherical robot and proposes a novel method to generate feasible and achievable paths conforming to kinematic constraints, which can be the initial value of future trajectory tracking control and further optimization. A concept of optimal robot’s minimum area for rotation is also proposed to improve search efficiency and ensure the ability of turning to any orientation by moving forward and backward in a finite number of times within limited areas.