Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mobile IR sensor

Academic literature on the topic 'Mobile IR sensor'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 July 2024
Last updated: 7 July 2024

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Journal articles on the topic "Mobile IR sensor":

1

Lim, Jungwook, Jihun Kim, Long Yan, Hyunpil Noh, Seungki Jung, Doosik Seol, Junghyung Pyo, et al. "A single chip PPG sensor with enhanced IR sensitivity for low power and small size." Electronic Imaging 2021, no. 7 (January 18, 2021): 66–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2021.7.iss-066.

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A single chip Photoplethysmography(PPG) sensor was developed for continuous measurements of heart rate from a mobile device. In order to utilize it in various mobile applications, it was necessary to achieve low power and small size of PPG sensors. For low power and small chip size of the PPG sensor, a photodiode(PD) for sensing signals and an analog front end(AFE) for signal amplification and ADC should be implemented in a single chip. The single chip PPG sensor which is implemented on a standard CMOS process with low operating voltage could be more suitable for mobile devices. In order to operate at a low voltage, reduction of Si thickness is required, and for this, high quantum efficiency(QE) of 43% at 940nm were obtained at 3um thickness by back side trench(BST) pattern and ARL optimization. In addition, to improve the performance of the PPG sensor, the leakage current of <0.1nA and capacitance of <200pF were measured by 20um pixel array. As a result, the low-power, small size single-chip PPG sensor showed similar performance to conventional high-voltage and large PPG sensor.
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Artemčiukas, Edgaras, and Leonidas Sakalauskas. "INTEGRATION OF SENSOR ORIENTATION DATA INTO AN AUGMENTED REALITY TECHNOLOGY / JUTIKLIŲ ORIENTACIJOS DUOMENŲ INTEGRACIJA PAPILDYTOSIOS REALYBĖS TECHNOLOGIJOJE." Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis 6, no. 2 (April 24, 2014): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2014.24.

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Currently, such microelectromechanical sensors as accelerome­ters, gyroscopes and magnetometers are the dominant sensors in mobile devices. The market of mobile devices is constantly expanding and focused on sensor integration process by adding supplementary functionality for the applications; therefore, it is possible to adapt these sensors for augmented reality technology solutions. Many augmented reality solutions are based on computer vision processing methods in order to identify and track markers or other objects. However, the main problem is chaotic environment, lighting conditions where object recognition and tracking in real-time becomes difficult and sometimes is an impossible process. This paper analyses possibilities to apply microelectromechanical sensors. Additionally, it investigates quaternion use for sensor data to estimate reliable and accurate camera orientation and represent virtual content in augmented reality technology. Šiuo metu mikroelektromechaniniai jutikliai (akcelerometrai, giroskopai ir magnetometrai) dominuoja mobiliuosiuose įrenginiuose. Mobiliųjų įrenginių rinka nepaliaujamai plečiasi ir telkiasi į jutiklių integracijos procesą, kuriamoms aplikacijoms pridedama papildomo funkcionalumo. Tokiu būdu suteikiama galimybė pritaikyti jutiklių informaciją priimant papildytosios realybės technologijos sprendimus. Daugelis papildytosios realybės sprendimų veikia remiantis vaizdų apdorojimo metodais, norint atpažinti ir sekti žymeklį ar kitus objektus bei atvaizduoti kompiuteriu generuojamą virtualų turinį. Pagrindinė tokių metodų problema – netvarkinga aplinka, apšvietimo sąlygos, todėl objektą atpažinti ir sekti realiuoju laiku tampa sudėtinga arba neįmanoma. Darbe nagrinėjamos mikroelektromechaninių jutiklių naudojimo galimybės ir kvaternionų taikymas jutiklių duomenims, norint patikimai ir tiksliai įvertinti kameros orientaciją erdvėje. Tokiu būdu virtualus turinys atvaizduojamas papildytosios realybės technologijoje, netaikant vaizdų apdorojimo metodų.
3

Lee, Kyunghyun, Sangkyeum Kim, and Kwanho You. "Iterative Regression Based Hybrid Localization for Wireless Sensor Networks." Sensors 21, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010257.

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Among various localization methods, a localization method that uses a radio frequency signal-based wireless sensor network has been widely applied due to its robustness against noise factors and few limits on installation location. In this paper, we focus on an iterative localization scheme for a mobile with a limited number of time difference of arrival (TDOA) and angle of arrival (AOA) data measured from base stations. To acquire the optimal location of a mobile, we propose a recursive solution for localization using an iteratively reweighted-recursive least squares (IR-RLS) algorithm. The proposed IR-RLS scheme can obtain the optimal solution with a fast computational speed when additional TDOA and/or AOA data is measured from base stations. Moreover, while the number of measured TDOA/AOA data was limited, the proposed IR-RLS scheme could obtain the precise location of a mobile. The performance of the proposed IR-RLS method is confirmed through some simulation results.
4

Baasandorj, Bayanjargal, Aamir Reyaz, Park Joung Ho, Cha Wang Cheol, Deok Jin Lee, and Kil To Chong. "A Mobile Robot Obstacle Avoidance Using Fuzzy Logic and Model Predictive Control." Applied Mechanics and Materials 548-549 (April 2014): 922–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.548-549.922.

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This paper presents a method of solving the problem of mobile robot Obstacle avoidance and path planning in an unknown dynamic environment. A linear model of the two-wheeled nonholonomic robot controlled using Model predictive control controller. For obstacle avoidance Fuzzy logic control is used. The ultrasonic sensors are used for positioning and identifying an obstacle. The proposed method is successfully tested in simulations. Obstacle avoiding technique is very useful in real life, this technique can also use as a vision belt of blind people by changing the IR sensor by a kinetic sensor ,which is on type of microwave sensor whose sensing range is very high and the output of this sensor vary in according to the object position changes.
5

Patel, Karan. "Operating Electric Equipment with IR Sensor and IOT." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 20, 2021): 1935–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35408.

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Nowadays, there countless devices that have the use of Infrared (IR) sensors which mandates the remote controllers to control and appropriately make use of them. Therefore, the use of many remote controllers arises many difficulties to handle simultaneously. However, the application of IR and IoT (Internet of Things) technologies can solve such problems. The paper is focused to solve such problems and giving the application control to the users. Thus, the current work deals with the technology that will help the user to control their respective devices anywhere in the world by means of internet access with mobile applications. The technology in the present work can operate 360-direction devices. It is needed to fix it across the ceiling and connect it with WIFI, so the use of the mobile application, Google Assistant, Amazon Alexa, Google Home Mini to manage the device (one at a time) can be done. However, the only limitation of the technology is that the device must be connected to the internet.
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Uhm, Taeyoung, Jeongwoo Park, Jungwoo Lee, Gideok Bae, Geonhui Ki, and Youngho Choi. "Design of Multimodal Sensor Module for Outdoor Robot Surveillance System." Electronics 11, no. 14 (July 15, 2022): 2214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11142214.

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Recent studies on surveillance systems have employed various sensors to recognize and understand outdoor environments. In a complex outdoor environment, useful sensor data obtained under all weather conditions, during the night and day, can be utilized for application to robots in a real environment. Autonomous surveillance systems require a sensor system that can acquire various types of sensor data and can be easily mounted on fixed and mobile agents. In this study, we propose a method for modularizing multiple vision and sound sensors into one system, extracting data synchronized with 3D LiDAR sensors, and matching them to obtain data from various outdoor environments. The proposed multimodal sensor module can acquire six types of images: RGB, thermal, night vision, depth, fast RGB, and IR. Using the proposed module with a 3D LiDAR sensor, multimodal sensor data were obtained from fixed and mobile agents and tested for more than four years. To further prove its usefulness, this module was used as a monitoring system for six months to monitor anomalies occurring at a given site. In the future, we expect that the data obtained from multimodal sensor systems can be used for various applications in outdoor environments.
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Andreev, V. P. "Obstacle shape determination by mobile robot sensor system using GP2Y0A (Sharp) type IR distance sensors." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 26, no. 1 (April 24, 2024): 195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2024-26-1-195-207.

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PURPOSE. When organizing a mobile robot (MR) movement in a non-deterministic environment, the SLAM problem arises, which includes the detection of an obstacle presence by the MR sensor system, the distance to the obstacle and its shape. To solve this problem, an infrared (IR) analog distance sensor is often used, the information flow from which is relatively small and can be processed in real time using low-performance microcontrollers. However, such a sensor can only detect an obstacle and determine а distance to a certain point on its surface. The goal is to develop a method for determining both а distance to an obstacle and its shape. When setting up experiments on the use of an analog sensor of the GP2Y0A (SHARP) type, a problem was revealed associated with the occurrence of not only fluctuation noise in а data communication channel, but also artifacts – anomalous signal values appear with random periodicity. It is necessary to determine the source of such interference, propose a method for estimating its parameters and a way to minimize its influence. METHODS. To determine the shape of an obstacle, a differential method is proposed based on the use of several readings of a scanning IR distance sensor. As an indicator of the “noisiness” of the channel, it is proposed to use the number of sensor signal values that exceed the average signal value by 1σ, 2σ, 3σ, 4σ and 5σ. The use of standard methods for filtering abnormal values of a sensor signal leads to significant delays in a response of the MR control system. This is unacceptable, because at the executive level of a control system it is required to provide a "hard" real-time mode. RESULTS. The article presents the results of experiments showing the conditions for applying the differential method for determining a shape of an obstacle, the source of anomalous signal values is identified and a method for minimizing them is proposed. A method for increasing the practical use range of a nonlinear IR sensor conversion function is also proposed. CONCLUSION. The number and magnitude of abnormal values depend on a communication channel length. When using analog sensors, it is necessary to convert an output signal into digital form using analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) in an integrated design, structurally bringing the ADC as close as possible to the signal source.
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Kurniawan, Aditya, and Kholilatul Wardani. "Kinect Structural Noise Elimination Technique For ITIS Mobile Robot Data Collector." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.27 (November 30, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.27.22425.

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A contemporary study on the Kinect sensor as a visual sensor device for robots shows that the sensor has some fundamental flaws. One of them are shadows on the object edge that will affect the process of recognition of shape (shape recognition) spatially. If the Kinect sensor is used in the robot vision navigation system, the sensor may lead to errors in the robot's decision on the shape of the object sensed by the sensor. The previous research reports a positive influence on the variation of smoothing process by using neighborhood filtering. This research will use multiple neighborhood localized filtering (MNLF) method to eliminate structural noise generated by kinect sensor IR camera. The robot model that will be used for testing is 6WD Wild Thumper Mobile Robot Chassis from Dagu Robotics. The calculation of SSI (Structural Similarity Index) calculation based on ROI between image index 0 (original image) with index 6 (image result after multiple filtering process) results SSI index with value 0.999999930515914. This indicates that multiple filtering processes do not affect the quality of images produced by Kinect sensors. The number of 0.99 can be rounded to 1 so that the conclusion based on ROI image assessment shows no differences on image quality after process.
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Yanmida, Dele Zacheaus, Abubakar Surajo Imam, and Sabur Ajibola Alim. "Obstacle Detection and Anti-Collision Robot Using Ultrasonic Sensor." ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering 22, no. 1 (April 28, 2023): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v22n1.404.

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Obstacle detection can be considered central and paramount in designing mobile robots. This technique enables mobile robots equipped with sensors to transverse and maneuver freely in an environment preventing damage as a result of a collision with obstacles in its path. Several systems with different approaches have been developed for the anti-collision of a robot with obstacles. The approach to Sensor selection, path planning, and navigation processes determines the operation of such a system and differs from one another. This paper presents a low-cost ultrasonic distance sensor for obstacle detection to enhance anti-collision in mobile robot navigation. The system is designed with the C/C++ programming of the Arduino software (IDE) and implemented on the ATMega 2560 Microcontroller of the Arduino board. An ultrasonic sensor detects an obstacle and sends the data collected to the controller which directs the motor driver to stop or move the robot while following a visible predefined path (blackline) embedded in the ground and detected with the help of an IR sensor placed beneath the robot. Experimental results with varied obstacle positions show a decent performance scoring 96.4% accuracy at a 50cm distance to the obstacle.
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Sut, Dhruba Jyoti. "Development of an Autonomous Real Time Collision Avoidance Mobile Robot." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 1700–1705. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40125.

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Abstract: In most circumstances, mobile robots are stated to be autonomous, with collision avoidance being a crucial aspect of designing an autonomous mobile robot. The goal of this paper is to create a simple autonomous real-time collision-avoidance mobile robot that moves to utilise ultrasonic sensors and infrared modules. In this paper, a collision-avoidance mobile robot is designed with built-in intelligence that guides itself whenever an impediment is in its way and manoeuvre around them without any collision. This robotic vehicle is built with an AT Mega 328 microcontroller. An ultrasonic sensor detects any obstacles ahead of it and on either side of the robot, there are two infrared (IR) modules integrates to detect the obstructions and transmit an instruction to the microcontroller. The error generation is decreased with the help of the Kalman filter. Based on the input signal from different sensor integrated in the robot the microcontroller instructs to travel in a various direction by actuating the motors connected to it via a motor driver. Keywords: Mobile robot, autonomous robot, collision avoidance, surveillance, accuracy
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Journal articles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mobile IR sensor":

1

Gal, Carol. "Multi-sensor (IR) data fusion for mobile robot navigation using occupancy grid method." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6843.

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The main topic of the thesis is the multi-sensor data fusion in the context of mobile robot navigation. The work presented has been part of a continuous research done in the field of mobile robots. In that respect, a mobile robot platform with an onboard manipulation capability has been developed as an experimental platform for a multi-sensor system for teleautonomous applications in an unstructured environment. Different types of sensors have been provided to gather information about the environment: infrared (IR) range finders, vision, tactile, position. While vision and tactile sensors were approached by other related work, this thesis is essentially aimed to solve the following problems: (1) Mobile robot navigation, in terms of electronic interface and computerized control with real-time range data acquisition for obstacle avoidance, using a GUI (Graphical User Interface); (2) Occupancy grid method implementation using Bayesian analysis for the case of an IR ranging sensor; (3) Unstructured environment mapping, in the context of multi-sensor data fusion of mobile robot views taken from different given positions; (4) Global map integration with other types of sensory information (vision).
2

Chakchouk, Mohamed. "Conceptiοn d'un détecteur de système mécatronique mobile intelligent pour observer des molécules en phase gazeuse en ΙR." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMIR06.

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Ce travail anticipe que, dans un monde technologique numérique en constante expansion, les percées technologiques dans l'analyse des données collectées par des dispositifs spectroscopiques permettront l'identification presque instantanée d'espèces connues observées in-situ dans un environnement spécifique, laissant l'analyse approfondie nécessaire aux espèces non observées. La méthode dérivée de la technologie RBDO (Reliability Based Design Optimisation) sera utilisé pour implémenter une procédure d’intelligence artificielle afin d'identifier les espèces observées à partir d'un capteur IR mobile. Afin d'analyser avec succès les données obtenues, il est nécessaire d'assigner de manière appropriée les espèces moléculaires à partir des données IR observées en utilisant les modèles théoriques appropriés. Ce travail se concentre sur l'observation à partir d'appareils mobiles équipés de capteurs, d'antennes et d'électronique appropriés pour capturer et envoyer des données brutes ou analysées à partir d'un environnement spectroscopique IR intéressant. Il est donc intéressant voir indispensable de se concentrer sur les outils théoriques basés sur la symétrie pour l'analyse spectroscopique des molécules, ce qui permet d'identifier les fenêtres IR à choisir pour l'observation dans la conception de l'appareil. Ensuite, en ajustant les paramètres théoriques spectroscopiques aux fréquences observées, le spectre d'une espèce moléculaire peut être reconstruit. Une déconvolution des spectres observés est nécessaire avant l'analyse en termes d'intensité, de largeur et de centre de raie caractérisant une forme de raie. Une stratégie adéquate est donc nécessaire lors de la conception pour inclure l'analyse des données pendant la phase d'observation, qui peut bénéficier d'un algorithme d'intelligence artificielle pour tenir compte des différences dans la signature spectrale IR à cet égard, le pouvoir analytique des données de l'instrument peut être amélioré en utilisant la méthodologie d'optimisation de la conception basée sur la fiabilité (RBDO). Basée sur le comportement multiphysique de la propagation des incertitudes dans l'arbre hiérarchique du système, la RBDO utilise une modélisation probabiliste pour analyser l'écart par rapport à la sortie souhaitée comme paramètres de rétroaction pour optimiser la conception au départ. Le but de cette thèse est de traiter les paramètres de fenêtres d'observation IR, afin de traiter les questions de fiabilité au-delà de la conception mécatronique, pour inclure l'identification des espèces par l'analyse des données collectées
This work anticipates that, in an ever-expanding digital technology world, technological breakthroughs in the analysis of data collected by spectroscopic devices will allow the almost instantaneous identification of known species observed in-situ in a specific environment, leaving the necessary in-depth analysis of unobserved species. The method derived from RBDO (Reliability Based Design Optimization) technology will be used to implement an artificial intelligence procedure to identify observed species from a mobile IR sensor. To successfully analyze the obtained data, it is necessary to appropriately assign molecular species from the observed IR data using appropriate theoretical models. This work focuses on the observation from mobile devices equipped with appropriate sensors, antennas, and electronics to capture and send raw or analyzed data from an interesting IR spectroscopic environment. It is therefore interesting if not essential to focus on symmetry-based theoretical tools for the spectroscopic analysis of molecules, which allows to identify the IR windows to be chosen for observation in the design of the device. Then, by fitting the theoretical spectroscopic parameters to the observed frequencies, the spectrum of a molecular species can be reconstructed. A deconvolution of the observed spectra is necessary before the analysis in terms of intensity, width and line center characterizing a line shape. Therefore, an adequate strategy is needed in the design to include data analysis during the observation phase, which can benefit from an artificial intelligence algorithm to account for differences in the IR spectral signature. In this regard, the analytical power of the instrument data can be improved by using the reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) methodology. Based on the multi-physics behavior of uncertainty propagation in the hierarchical system tree, RBDO uses probabilistic modeling to analyze the deviation from the desired output as feedback parameters to optimize the design in the first place. The goal of this thesis is to address IR observation window parameters to address reliability issues beyond mechatronic design to include species identification through analysis of collected data

Book chapters on the topic "Mobile IR sensor":

1

Rao, Sudarshana S., and Santosh R. Desai. "Automatic Dent Detection in Automobile Using IR Sensor." In Evolutionary Computing and Mobile Sustainable Networks, 501–11. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9605-3_34.

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Darif, Anouar, Chaibi Hasna, and Rachid Saadane. "An Energy-Efficient MAC Protocol for Mobile Wireless Sensor Network Based on IR-UWB." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 1–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76357-6_1.

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Sekkas, O., S. Hadjiefthymiades, and E. Zervas. "Sensor Data Fusion for Location Awareness." In Encyclopedia of Mobile Computing and Commerce, 863–69. IGI Global, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-002-8.ch145.

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During the past few years, several location systems have been proposed that use multiple technologies simultaneously in order to locate a user. One such system is described in this article. It relies on multiple sensor readings from Wi-Fi access points, IR beacons, RFID tags, and so forth to estimate the location of a user. This technique is known better as sensor information fusion, which aims to improve accuracy and precision by integrating heterogeneous sensor observations. The proposed location system uses a fusion engine that is based on dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs), thus substantially improving the accuracy and precision.
4

C. G, Mallamma, Varalakshmi B. D, Nagapushpa K. P, and Anuradha U. "SMART NAVIGATION ASSISTANCE SYSTEM FOR THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED." In Futuristic Trends in IOT Volume 3 Book 5, 209–26. Iterative International Publisher, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bgio5p2ch4.

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There are several hassles in daily life for visually challenged people. In light of this, it is very important to focus on the needs of those who are visually impaired. To help people who are vision impaired to enjoy normal lives, researchers approach the issue from a variety of angles. The white cane is the support system and it enables a sense of being free, independent and self-assured. They can easily take care of their daily tasks thanks to the proposed smart cane's design, which includes an obstacle detection module, heat detection, water detection, light detection, pit and staircase detection using Infrared (IR) sensors, Global Positioning System (GPS), and Global System for Mobile (GSM). The obstacle detection module detects obstacles using ultrasonic range and a camera, intimating the user of the obstacle's detection as well as details about the obstacle. The Raspberry Pi is used to send a voice message through the headset to the visually impaired user regarding the information about what the object is. The person's current location is determined using the GPS and provided as a text message as well as a voice message using a headset. Raspberry Pi is made use of to identify traffic lights, and it notifies the user via a headset whether to wait for the signal or move. If the blind person loses the cane, none of the above mentioned conveniences are available. To accomplish this, an alarm is fixed inside the smart cane which is coupled to their mobile phones. This alarm is used for finding the smart cane if it is missing or placed elsewhere.

Conference papers on the topic "Mobile IR sensor":

1

Park, Hyunwoong, and Sooyong Lee. "Rotating Range Sensor System for Obstacle Detection and Map Building." In ASME 2006 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2006-99658.

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This paper describes a new sensor system for improving the accuracy of the range information using multiple IR range sensors. Environment and obstacle sensing is the key issue for mobile robot localization and navigation. Laser scanners cover 180° and are accurate but too expensive. Radial range sensors such as laser scanners, IR scanners and Ultrasonic range sensor rings have blind spots so that a small obstacle not close enough to the sensor may be easily missed. It is necessary to develop a low cost sensor system which covers 360° with small blind spots. A sensor system with 12 IR range sensors is designed and implemented. The problem of the 2D sensor systems is, they measure the nearby obstacles on a plane where the sensors are located. In order to scan the environment vertically, a 2.5D sensor system is designed and the experimental result shows the effectiveness of the proposed sensor system.
2

Bishnu, Soham Kanti, Sayantika Chowdhury, Pritam Sarkar, Sanaita Khan, Madhurima Paul, Anamitral Gupta, Puijita Roy, Shayani Samanta, and Nibedita Maity. "Heart Rate Monitoring system using IR-photodetector sensor." In 2018 IEEE 9th Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference (IEMCON). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iemcon.2018.8614884.

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Wu, Shaohua, Qiaoling Zhang, Qinyu Zhang, and Haiping Yao. "Integrative Ranging and Positioning for IR-UWB Wireless Sensor Networks." In 2011 Third International Conference on Communications and Mobile Computing (CMC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cmc.2011.96.

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Hsu, Hsi-Chou, and Jyh-Horng Wen. "A Low Complexity IR-UWB Receiver for Wireless Sensor Networks." In 2012 Sixth International Conference on Innovative Mobile and Internet Services in Ubiquitous Computing (IMIS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imis.2012.95.

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Xiao, Zhu, Guang-hua Tan, Ren-fa Li, and Ke-chu Yi. "A Joint Localization Scheme Based on IR-UWB for Sensor Network." In 2011 7th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wicom.2011.6040590.

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Segura, Marcelo J., Vicente A. Mut, and Hector D. Patino. "Mobile robot self-localization system using IR-UWB sensor in indoor environments." In 2009 IEEE International Workshop on Robotic and Sensors Environments (ROSE 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rose.2009.5355978.

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Karvonen, Heikki, and Leonardo Goratti. "Optimal code rate for wireless sensor networks using IR-UWB and non-coherent detection." In 2010 IEEE 7th International Conference on Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mass.2010.5663918.

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Pflug, Hans W., Jos Oudenhoven, Nauman F. Kiyani, Johan H. C. van den Heuvel, Kathleen Philips, and Harmke de Groot. "Zinc-air battery modeling for small form factor IR-UWB Wireless Sensor Network radios." In 2013 IEEE 24th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2013.6666136.

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Jinpoy Hong, Youjun Choi, and Kyihwan Park. "Mobile robot navigation using modified flexible vector field approach with laser range finder and IR sensor." In 2007 International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccas.2007.4406993.

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Chao, Paul C. P., Li-Chi Hsu, and Trong-Hieu Tran. "A New Small-Sized Non-Dispersive Infrared (NDIR) Sensor and its Drive/Readout Circuits." In ASME 2016 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isps2016-9562.

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Abstract:
A new miniaturized, non-dispersive, infrared (NDIR) sensor for CO2 intended to be installed in mobile phones and its drive/readout circuits are presented in this study. A typical NDIR sensor consists of three main components; an infrared (IR) light-emitter (light source), a gas chamber, a photo detector (PD) light receiver) and the associated drive/readout circuits. The geometry of the gas chamber is optimized to minimize the total module size to approximately 10 mm × 5 mm × 5 mm, which is much smaller than commercially-available gas sensors. Driver and readout circuits are successfully designed and taped out. The driver circuit intends to generate pulse width modulation (PWM) signal to control proper dimming of LED. The readout circuit, which acquires small signal from photo detector then converts to digital values, includes amplifier, low pass filter and analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The proposed circuit is fabricated by the TSMC 0.35-μm CMOS process, where the area is 4.527 mm2 while power consumption is 60.16 mW for the whole chip. The resolution is less than 12 ppm along with time constant is 0.1 sec.

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