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Journal articles on the topic 'Mobile gamma spectroscopy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 29 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Patterson, Dwight J., and Jack L. Koenig. "Solid-State 13C NMR Characterization of Irradiation-Cross-Linked Natural Rubber." Applied Spectroscopy 41, no. 3 (March 1987): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702874448814.

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Solid-state 13C NMR was used to characterize the structure changes produced in gamma irradiation in natural rubber. The structure of the irradiated natural rubber was found to be heterogeneous, consisting of a mobile phase and a semi-rigid phase. Cis-trans chain isomerization was detected in the mobile phase of the gamma-irradiated samples. The CP/MAS spectra of the more rigid phase contained resonances due to quaternary carbons arising from cross-links and vinyl end groups caused by main chain scission. The calculated values of β and G( X) agreed with earlier published results. Peroxide-cured natural rubber of an equivalent amount of network density showed a higher amount of trans structure than did the gamma-irradiated natural rubber.

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2

Varley, Adam, Andrew Tyler, and Clare Wilson. "Near real-time soil erosion mapping through mobile gamma-ray spectroscopy." Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 223-224 (November 2020): 106400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106400.

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3

Aucott, Timothy J., Mark S. Bandstra, Victor Negut, Joseph C. Curtis, Daniel H. Chivers, and Kai Vetter. "Effects of Background on Gamma-Ray Detection for Mobile Spectroscopy and Imaging Systems." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 61, no. 2 (April 2014): 985–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2014.2306998.

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4

Sendrea, Claudiu, Elena Badea, Ioana Stanculescu, Lucretia Miu, and Horia Iovu. "Dose-Dependent Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Collagen in Vegetable Tanned Leather by Mobile NMR Spectroscopy." Leather and Footwear Journal 15, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/lfj.15.3.1.

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5

Aarnio, P. A., J. J. Ala-Heikkilä, T. T. Hakulinen, and M. T. Nikkinen. "Gamma spectrometric monitoring of environmental radioactivity using a mobile equipment." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 233, no. 1-2 (July 1998): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02389675.

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6

Currier, Barbara H., Paul J. Hecht, James A. Nunley, Michael B. Mayor, John H. Currier, and Douglas W. Van Citters. "Analysis of Failed Ankle Arthroplasty Components." Foot & Ankle International 40, no. 2 (October 8, 2018): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100718802589.

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Background: Although advances in joint-replacement technology have made total ankle arthroplasty a viable treatment for end-stage arthritis, revision rates for ankle replacements are higher than in hip or knee replacements. The questions asked in this study were what can retrieved ankle devices demonstrate about ankle arthroplasty failures and how can understanding the causes of these failures inform clinical decisions for current and future ankle arthroplasty patients? Methods: An IRB-approved retrieval laboratory received retrieved components and surgeon-supplied reason for revision from 70 total-ankles (7 designs, including 5 currently marketed designs) from 2002 to 2018. These retrievals were rated for clinical wear and damage. Metal components were rated by method and effectiveness of fixation. Polyethylene inserts received by the laboratory 6 months or less after retrieval (n = 45) were analyzed for oxidation using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS, version 22. Results: The ankle implants were retrieved most commonly for loosening and polyethylene fracture. Loosening occurred more frequently in fixed-bearing designs (n = 18) than in the mobile-bearing designs (n = 4) and after shorter in vivo time (mean in vivo time to retrieval for loosening: fixed bearing 3.2 ± 2.1 years, mobile bearing 9.7 ± 4.5 years). Gamma-sterilized ankle inserts oxidized at a higher rate than non-gamma (EtO or gas-plasma) sterilized ankle inserts (gamma 0.29 ± 0.22/y, non-gamma 0.07 ± 0.05/y, mean difference=0.215, 95% CI 0.128-0.303, P < .001). The presence of clinical fatigue (cracking and/or delamination) of the polyethylene insert correlated with measured oxidation (Spearman rho = 0.685, P < .001). Nine inserts, all gamma-sterilized, fractured in vivo. Conclusions: This study suggests that loosening could be more of a problem in fixed-bearing devices than in mobile bearing devices. Gamma-sterilized polyethylene inserts were found to suffer fatigue damage or fracture in vivo, resulting in the need for revision. Retrieval analysis can provide insight into implant-related reasons for revision, with the goal of understanding the implant-related causes of these failures, informing future ankle design and clinical decisions for current and future ankle arthroplasty patients. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative series.

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7

Aucott, Timothy J., Mark S. Bandstra, Victor Negut, Joseph C. Curtis, Ross E. Meyer, Daniel H. Chivers, and Kai Vetter. "Impact of detector efficiency and energy resolution on gamma-ray background rejection in mobile spectroscopy and imaging systems." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 789 (July 2015): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2015.04.012.

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8

Patiris, Dionisis L., Christos Tsabaris, Mark Schmidt, Aristomenis P. Karageorgis, Aristides M. Prospathopoulos, Stylianos Alexakis, and Peter Linke. "Mobile underwater in situ gamma-ray spectroscopy to localize groundwater emanation from pockmarks in the Eckernförde bay, Germany." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 140 (October 2018): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.07.037.

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9

Walter, Thomas H., Arthur Thompson, Max Keniry, Sumio Shinoda, Theodore L. Brown, H. S. Gutowsky, and Eric Oldfield. "Observation of a mobile molybdenum carbonyl fragment on .gamma.-alumina by solid-state carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy." Journal of the American Chemical Society 110, no. 4 (February 1988): 1065–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00212a011.

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10

Barzilov, Alexander, and Monia Kazemeini. "Dual-Mode Radiation Sensor for UAS Platforms." Proceedings 42, no. 1 (November 14, 2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-6-06541.

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Remote sensing technologies are important for radiation safety and environmental security applications. A dual-mode Cs2LiYCl6:Ce3+ (CLYC) sensor was developed for simultaneous neutron measurements and gamma-ray spectroscopy. To keep users away from hazardous areas, an unmanned aerial system was used as a mobile sensor platform. The sensor was integrated into a multicopter platform as a ‘plug and fly’ component allowing deployment in the field conditions. The photon energy resolution of the CLYC sensor was measured as less than 5% at 662 keV. The detection of neutrons was achieved via 6Li(n,α)t reaction. The sensor’s signal communication and data fusion were programmed using robot operating system framework, as well as on-board signal analysis functions including the neutron-photon pulse shape discrimination and the identification of photo peaks in the gamma spectrum. These data with added real-time kinematic GPS and time stamps were reported to the user enabling real time awareness of the monitored area, further analysis in temporal and spatial domains, and radiation mapping and source search tasks.

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11

Palma, Alessandra, Sveva Grande, Lucia Ricci-Vitiani, Anna Maria Luciani, Mariachiara Buccarelli, Mauro Biffoni, Valentina Dini, et al. "Different Mechanisms Underlie the Metabolic Response of GBM Stem-Like Cells to Ionizing Radiation: Biological and MRS Studies on Effects of Photons and Carbon Ions." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 14 (July 21, 2020): 5167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21145167.

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Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant primary brain tumor with very poor prognosis, high recurrence rate, and failure of chemo-radiotherapy, mainly due to a small fraction of cells with stem-like properties (GSCs). To study the mechanisms of GSCs resistance to radiation, two GSC lines, named line #1 and line #83, with different metabolic patterns and clinical outcome, were irradiated with photon beams and carbon ions and assessed by 1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS). Both irradiation modalities induced early cytotoxic effects in line #1 with small effects on cell cycle, whereas a proliferative G2/M cytostatic block was observed in line #83. MR spectroscopy signals from mobile lipids (ML) increased in spectra of line #1 after photon and C-ion irradiation with effects on lipid unsaturation level, whereas no effects were detected in line #83 spectra. Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA), glutamic acid (glu) and Phosphocreatine (pCr) signals showed a significant variation only for line #1 after carbon ion irradiation. Glucose (glc) level and lactate (Lac) extrusion behaved differently in the two lines. Our findings suggest that the differences in irradiation response of GSCs #1 and #83 lines are likely attributable to their different metabolic fingerprint rather than to the different radiation types.

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12

Sanin, A. B., I. G. Mitrofanov, B. N. Bakhtin, M. L. Litvak, A. A. Anikin, D. V. Golovin, and S. Yu Nikiforov. "On the Study of the Spatial Variability of the Composition of the Lunar Material in Experiments on Gamma Spectroscopy Onboard a Mobile Spacecraft Using the Tagged-Cosmic-Rays Method." Solar System Research 54, no. 6 (November 2020): 477–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0038094620060052.

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13

Bilton, Kyle J., Tenzing H. Y. Joshi, Mark S. Bandstra, Joseph C. Curtis, Daniel Hellfeld, and Kai Vetter. "Neural Network Approaches for Mobile Spectroscopic Gamma-Ray Source Detection." Journal of Nuclear Engineering 2, no. 2 (May 17, 2021): 190–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jne2020018.

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Artificial neural networks (ANNs) for performing spectroscopic gamma-ray source identification have been previously introduced, primarily for applications in controlled laboratory settings. To understand the utility of these methods in scenarios and environments more relevant to nuclear safety and security, this work examines the use of ANNs for mobile detection, which involves highly variable gamma-ray background, low signal-to-noise ratio measurements, and low false alarm rates. Simulated data from a 2” × 4” × 16” NaI(Tl) detector are used in this work for demonstrating these concepts, and the minimum detectable activity (MDA) is used as a performance metric in assessing model performance.In addition to examining simultaneous detection and identification, binary spectral anomaly detection using autoencoders is introduced in this work, and benchmarked using detection methods based on Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). On average, the autoencoder provides a 12% and 23% improvement over NMF- and PCA-based detection methods, respectively. Additionally, source identification using ANNs is extended to leverage temporal dynamics by means of recurrent neural networks, and these time-dependent models outperform their time-independent counterparts by 17% for the analysis examined here. The paper concludes with a discussion on tradeoffs between the ANN-based approaches and the benchmark methods examined here.

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14

Balbuena, J. P., M. Baptista, S. Barros, M. Dambacher, C. Disch, M. Fiederle, S. Kuehn, and U. Parzefall. "Study of gamma detection capabilities of the REWARD mobile spectroscopic system." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 859 (July 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2017.03.056.

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15

Verbelen, Yannick, Peter G. Martin, Kamran Ahmad, Suresh Kaluvan, and Thomas B. Scott. "Miniaturised Low-Cost Gamma Scanning Platform for Contamination Identification, Localisation and Characterisation: A New Instrument in the Decommissioning Toolkit." Sensors 21, no. 8 (April 20, 2021): 2884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21082884.

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Formerly clandestine, abandoned and legacy nuclear facilities, whether associated with civil or military applications, represent a significant decommissioning challenge owing to the lack of knowledge surrounding the existence, location and types of radioactive material(s) that may be present. Consequently, mobile and highly deployable systems that are able to identify, spatially locate and compositionally assay contamination ahead of remedial actions are of vital importance. Deployment imposes constraints to dimensions resulting from small diameter access ports or pipes. Herein, we describe a prototype low-cost, miniaturised and rapidly deployable ‘cell characterisation’ gamma-ray scanning system to allow for the examination of enclosed (internal) or outdoor (external) spaces for radioactive ‘hot-spots’. The readout from the miniaturised and lead-collimated gamma-ray spectrometer, that is progressively rastered through a stepped snake motion, is combined with distance measurements derived from a single-point laser range-finder to obtain an array of measurements in order to yield a 3-dimensional point-cloud, based on a polar coordinate system—scaled for radiation intensity. Existing as a smaller and more cost-effective platform than presently available, we are able to produce a millimetre-accurate 3D volumetric rendering of a space—whether internal or external, onto which fully spectroscopic radiation intensity data can be overlain to pinpoint the exact positions at which (even low abundance) gamma-emitting materials exist.

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16

Afieroho, Ozadheoghene Eriarie, L. Lawson, and Nnamdi Emenyonu. "Isoprenoids and Fatty Acids Derivatives from the Chloroform Fraction of the Antimycobacterial Methanol Extract Ximeniaamericana Lam. (Olacaceae) Stem Bark." Malaysian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/mjmbr.v6i2.480.

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This study investigated the triterpenoids and fatty acid derivatives, and the in vitro growth inhibitory effect against clinical strains of Mycobacteria tuberculosis of the stem bark of Ximenia Americanaa plant widely used in ethno-medicine for the treatment of bacterial and skin infections, poison, post-partum hemorrhage, anaemia, and dysentery. The macerated methanol extract (XAM) of the stem bark was evaluated for anti-tuberculosis activity using the Lowensten Jensen method against de-contaminated clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The XAM was fractionated by open column chromatography on a normal phase silica gel column with a 25 % stepwise gradient of chloroform-methanol as mobile phase. The constituents of the non-polar column fractions eluted with 100% chloroform were characterized using Gas Chromatography-Mass spectroscopic (GC-MS) techniques and by comparison with reference NIST library compound. The XAM (5 mg/mL) inhibited the growth of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis. GC-MS analysis of the non-polar column fractions afforded Two lupane-type triterpenoids: Lup-20-(29)-en-3-one (15) and lupeol (16), three phytosteroids: campesterol (11), stigmasterol (12) and gamma-sitosterol (14), one fridelane-type triterpenoid: Friedelan-3-one (8), one oleanane-type triterpenoid: 12-oleanen-3-one (13), and the fatty acids: Palmitic acid methyl ester (1), Palmitic acid (2), 11-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (3), Octadecanoic acid methyl ester (4), Cis-13-Octadecenoic acid (5), 10,13-octadecadiynoic acid methyl ester (6), Docosanoic acid (7), Tetracosanoic acid (9), and Hexacosanoic acid methyl ester (10). The presence of these bioactive triterpenoids and fatty acids could offer an explanation for the ethno-medicinal uses of this plant. Further work is on-going to isolate in pure form, and characterized the bioactive constituents in the XAM with the view of discovery lead compounds for the treatment of tuberculosis and associated opportunistic bacterial infections.

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17

Wong, Virgina, Philip C. Goodell, and Elizabeth Y. Anthony. "Characterization of U-Series Disequilibria at the Pena Blanca Natural Analogue Site, Chihuahua, Mexico." MRS Proceedings 556 (1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-556-801.

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AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate radionuclide migration from a uranium-mineralized breccia pipe. The site provides an excellent opportunity to evaluate radionuclide mobility in a geochemical environment similar to that around the proposed high-level waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Samples represent fracture-infillings from both within and outside the breccia pipe. Mineral assemblages within the fractures include 1) pure kaolinite, 2) a mixture of ironoxyhydroxides (goethite and hematite) with associated alunite and jarosite, which we refer to as the Fe-mineral assemblage, and 3) carbonates. Uranophane, weeksite, soddyite, and boltwoodite are associated with samples from within the breccia zone.We obtain radionuclide activities from gamma-ray rather than alpha spectroscopy, and the methodology for these measurements is presented in detail. Plots of 230Th/238U vs. 226Ra/230 Th show three distinct mobility trends. 1) The majority of the Fe-mineral samples from within the breccia pipe yield values between 1.0 and 1.1 for both ratios, 2) Fe-mineral samples from outside the ore zone and a kaolinite from within the ore zone have 230Th/ 238U of 0.58 to 0.83 and 226Ra/230Th of 1.09 to 1.42, and 3) some Fe-mineral samples from within the breccia pipe have values of 1.2 and 0.9 respectively. These data, combined with those from other studies at Peña Blanca suggest that U and Ra are sometimes mobile in the near-surface environment and that multiple episodes of enrichment and leaching are required to explain the trends.

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18

Orcioli-Silva, Diego, Rodrigo Vitório, Victor Spiandor Beretta, Núbia Ribeiro da Conceição, Priscila Nóbrega-Sousa, Anderson Souza Oliveira, and Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi. "Is Cortical Activation During Walking Different Between Parkinson’s Disease Motor Subtypes?" Journals of Gerontology: Series A, July 16, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa174.

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Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is often classified into tremor dominant (TD) and postural instability gait disorder (PIGD) subtypes. Degeneration of subcortical/cortical pathways is different between PD subtypes, which leads to differences in motor behavior. However, the influence of PD subtype on cortical activity during walking remains poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the influence of PD motor subtypes on cortical activity during unobstructed walking and obstacle avoidance. Seventeen PIGD and 19 TD patients performed unobstructed walking and obstacle avoidance conditions. Brain activity was measured using a mobile functional near-infrared spectroscopy–electroencephalography (EEG) systems, and gait parameters were analyzed using an electronic carpet. Concentrations of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and EEG absolute power from alpha, beta, and gamma bands in FCz, Cz, CPz, and Oz channels were calculated. These EEG channels correspond to supplementary motor area, primary motor cortex, posterior parietal cortex, and visual cortex, respectively. Postural instability gait disorder patients presented higher PFC activity than TD patients, regardless of the walking condition. Tremor dominant patients presented reduced beta power in the Cz channel during obstacle avoidance compared to unobstructed walking. Both TD and PIGD patients decreased alpha and beta power in the FCz and CPz channels. In conclusion, PIGD patients need to recruit additional cognitive resources from the PFC for walking. Both TD and PIGD patients presented changes in the activation of brain areas related to motor/sensorimotor areas in order to maintain balance control during obstacle avoidance, being that TD patients presented further changes in the motor area (Cz channel) to avoid obstacles.

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