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Journal articles on the topic 'Mobbad'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Castillo, Andrea R., Andrew J. Woodruff, Lynn E. Connolly, William E. Sause, and Karen M. Ottemann. "Recombination-Based In Vivo Expression Technology Identifies Helicobacter pylori Genes Important for Host Colonization." Infection and Immunity 76, no. 12 (September 15, 2008): 5632–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00627-08.

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ABSTRACT Here we undertook to identify colonization and gastric disease-promoting factors of the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori as genes that were induced in response to the stomach environment. Using recombination-based in vivo expression technology (RIVET), we identified six promoters induced in the host compared to laboratory conditions. Three of these promoters, designated Pivi10, Pivi66, and Pivi77, regulate genes that H. pylori may use to interact with other microbes or the host. Pivi10 likely regulates the mobA, mobB, and mobD genes, which have potential roles in horizontal gene transfer through plasmid mobilization. Pivi66 occurs in the cytotoxin-associated gene pathogenicity island, a genomic region known to be associated with more severe disease outcomes, and likely regulates cagZ, virB11, and virD4. Pivi77 likely regulates HP0289, an uncharacterized paralogue of the vacA cytotoxin gene. We assessed the roles of a subset of these genes in colonization by creating deletion mutants and analyzing them in single-strain and coinfection experiments. We found that a mobABD mutant was defective for murine host colonization and that a cagZ mutant outcompeted the wild-type strain in a coinfection analysis. Our work supports the conclusion that RIVET is a valuable tool for identifying H. pylori factors with roles in host colonization.

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2

Perwez, Tariq, and Richard J. Meyer. "Stabilization of the Relaxosome and Stimulation of Conjugal Transfer Are Genetically Distinct Functions of the R1162 Protein MobB." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 7 (April 1, 1999): 2124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.7.2124-2131.1999.

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ABSTRACT MobB is a small protein encoded by the broad-host-range plasmid R1162 and required for efficient mobilization of its DNA during conjugation. The protein was shown previously to stabilize the relaxosome, the complex of plasmid DNA and mobilization proteins at the origin of transfer (oriT). We have generated in-framemobB deletions that specifically inactivate the stabilizing effect of MobB while still allowing a high rate of transfer. Thus, MobB has two genetically distinct functions in transfer. The effect of another deletion, extending into mobA, indicates that both functions require a specific region of MobA protein that is distinct from the nicking-ligating domain. The mobB mutations that specifically affected stability also resulted in poor growth of cells, due to increased transcription from the promoters adjacent tooriT. The effects of the mutations could be suppressed not only by full-length MobB provided in trans, as expected, but also by additional copies of oriT, cloned in pBR322. In addition, in the presence of MobA both the full-length and truncated forms of MobB stimulated recombination betweenoriT-containing plasmids. We propose a model in which MobB regulates expression of plasmid genes by altering the stability of the relaxosome, in a manner that involves the coupling of plasmid molecules.

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3

Boyer, Anne. "Mobbed Blazer." Critical Quarterly 56, no. 2 (July 2014): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/criq.12126.

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4

Meyer, Richard. "Identification of the mob Genes of Plasmid pSC101 and Characterization of a Hybrid pSC101-R1162 System for Conjugal Mobilization." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 17 (September 1, 2000): 4875–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.17.4875-4881.2000.

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ABSTRACT Similarities in DNA base sequence indicate that pSC101 and R1162 encode related systems for conjugal mobilization, although these plasmids are otherwise very different. The mob region of pSC101 was cloned, and two genes that are required for transfer were identified. One gene, mobA, encodes a protein similar in amino acid sequence to the DNA processing domain of the R1162 MobA protein. The other gene, mobX, is within the same transcriptional unit as the pSC101 mobA and is located just downstream, at the same position occupied by mobB in R1162. Despite this, the MobB and MobX proteins do not appear to be closely related based on a comparison of their amino acid sequences. Complementation analysis indicated that neither of the pSC101 Mob proteins could substitute for, or be replaced by, their R1162 counterparts, nor were they active together at the R1162 origin of transfer (oriT). However, the full set of R1162 Mob proteins did recognize the pSC101 oriT. A hybrid system for mobilization, active at the R1162 oriT site, was constructed. This system consists of MobX and a chimeric protein made up of the DNA cleaving-ligating domain of the R1162 MobA protein joined to a fragment of pSC101 MobA. Previous results suggested that MobB and a region of MobA distinct from the DNA processing domain together formed a functional unit in transfer. The present results support this model because the chimeric MobA, although active on R1162oriT, requires the pSC101 protein MobX for efficient plasmid mobilization.

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5

Meyer, Richard. "Mapping Type IV Secretion Signals on the Primase Encoded by the Broad-Host-Range Plasmid R1162 (RSF1010)." Journal of Bacteriology 197, no. 20 (August 3, 2015): 3245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00443-15.

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ABSTRACTThe plasmid R1162 (RSF1010) encodes a primase essential for its replication. This primase makes up the C-terminal part of MobA, a multifunctional protein with the relaxase as a separate N-terminal domain. The primase is also translated separately as the protein RepB′. Here, we map two signals for type IV secretion onto the recently solved structure of RepB′. One signal is located internally within RepB′ and consists of a long α-helix and an adjacent disordered region rich in arginines. The second signal is made up of the same α-helix and a second, arginine-rich region at the C-terminal end of the protein. Successive arginine-to-alanine substitutions revealed that either signal can be utilized by the type IV secretion complex of the plasmid R751. The internal signal also enables conjugal transfer when linked to the relaxase part of MobA. Both signals are similar to those previously identified for type IV secretion substrates in the Vir system ofAgrobacterium tumefaciens. Moreover, the C-terminal arginine-rich segment of RepB′ has been shown to be secreted by Vir. However, with R751, the signals require MobB, an R1162-encoded accessory protein active in conjugal transfer. The results of two-hybrid assays revealed that MobB interacts, via its membrane-associated domain, with the R751 plasmid coupling protein TraG. In addition, MobB interacts with a region of MobA just outside the RepB′ domain. Therefore, MobB is likely an adaptor that is essential for recognition of the primase-associated signals by the R751 secretion machinery.IMPORTANCEFor most plasmids, type IV secretion is an intrinsic part of the mechanism for conjugal transfer. Protein relaxases, bound to the 5′ end of the transferring strand, are mobilized into recipient cells by the type IV pathway. In this work, we identify and characterize two signals for secretion in the primase domain of MobA, the relaxase of the IncQ plasmid R1162 (RSF1010). We also show that the adaptor protein MobB is required for engagement of these signals with the R751 coupling protein TraG. These results clarify the location and properties of secretion signals active during the conjugal transfer of plasmid DNA.

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6

SALLADAY, SUSAN A., and MARIDA STRACCIA. "Have You Been Mobbed?" Journal of Christian Nursing 26, no. 2 (April 2009): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.cnj.0000348277.58418.7e.

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7

van Zyl, Leonardo J., Shelly M. Deane, and Douglas E. Rawlings. "Analysis of the Mobilization Region of the Broad-Host-Range IncQ-Like Plasmid pTC-F14 and Its Ability To Interact with a Related Plasmid, pTF-FC2." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 20 (October 15, 2003): 6104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.20.6104-6111.2003.

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ABSTRACT Plasmid pTC-F14 is a 14.2-kb plasmid isolated from Acidithiobacillus caldus that has a replicon that is closely related to the promiscuous, broad-host-range IncQ family of plasmids. The region containing the mobilization genes was sequenced and encoded five Mob proteins that were related to those of the DNA processing (Dtr or Tra1) region of IncP plasmids rather than to the three-Mob-protein system of the IncQ group 1 plasmids (e.g., plasmid RSF1010 or R1162). Plasmid pTC-F14 is the second example of an IncQ family plasmid that has five mob genes, the other being pTF-FC2. The minimal region that was essential for mobilization included the mobA, mobB, and mobC genes, as well as the oriT gene. The mobD and mobE genes were nonessential, but together, they enhanced the mobilization frequency by approximately 300-fold. Mobilization of pTC-F14 between Escherichia coli strains by a chromosomally integrated RP4 plasmid was more than 3,500-fold less efficient than the mobilization of pTF-FC2. When both plasmids were coresident in the same E. coli host, pTC-F14 was mobilized at almost the same frequency as pTF-FC2. This enhanced pTC-F14 mobilization frequency was due to the presence of a combination of the pTF-FC2 mobD and mobE gene products, the functions of which are still unknown. Mob protein interaction at the oriT regions was unidirectionally plasmid specific in that a plasmid with the oriT region of pTC-F14 could be mobilized by pTF-FC2 but not vice versa. No evidence for any negative effect on the transfer of one plasmid by the related, potentially competitive plasmid was obtained.

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8

Eitniear, Jack C., Steven M. McGehee, and Will T. Waddell. "Gray Hawk Mobbed by Olive-throated Parakeets." Bird Behavior 8, no. 2 (July 1, 1990): 114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/015613890791784272.

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9

Hofreuter, Dirk, and Rainer Haas. "Characterization of Two Cryptic Helicobacter pylori Plasmids: a Putative Source for Horizontal Gene Transfer and Gene Shuffling." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 10 (May 15, 2002): 2755–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.10.2755-2766.2002.

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ABSTRACT Many Helicobacter pylori isolates carry cryptic plasmids of extremely variable size. In this study we analyzed two H. pylori plasmids, pHel4 and pHel5, from H. pylori strains P8 and P29, respectively. Plasmid pHel4 consists of 10,970 bp, constituting 15 putative open reading frames (ORFs), whereas pHel5 consists of 18,291 bp, constituting 17 ORFs. The findings that both plasmids encode a conserved RepA protein and that both have an origin of replication containing an iteron place them in the group of theta plasmids. In pHel4, the products of the overlapping orf4C, orf4D, orf4E, and orf4F sequences are homologous to MobA, MobB, MobC, and MobD, encoded by colicinogenic plasmids, suggesting that pHel4 might be mobilizable. A further putative operon consists of orf4B and orf4A, the products of which are homologous to microcin C7 (MccC7) biosynthesis and secretion proteins MccB and MccC, respectively. Plasmid pHel5 carries putative genes encoding proteins with homology to an endonuclease and gene products of an H. pylori chromosomal plasticity zone. Both plasmids contain repeat sequences, such as the previously identified R2 repeat, which are considered preferred recombination sites. In pHel4, a new repeat sequence (R4 repeat), which seems to act as a hot spot for site-specific recombination, was identified. All H. pylori plasmids characterized so far have a modular structure. We suggest a model that explains the existing plasmids by insertions and deletions of genetic elements at the repeat sequences. A genetic exchange between plasmids and the bacterial chromosome, combined with plasmid mobilization, might add a novel mechanism to explain the high genetic macrodiversity within the H. pylori population.

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10

Rowland, Richard. "A Mobled Queen?" Cambridge Quarterly 35, no. 4 (October 1, 2006): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/camqtly/bfl024.

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11

Tracy, Robert. "“The mobbed queen: Marie Antoinette as Victorian ikon”." Lit: Literature Interpretation Theory 4, no. 4 (November 1993): 275–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10436929308580116.

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12

Gao, Zhigang, Haixia Xia, and Guojun Dai. "A model-based software development method for automotive cyber-physical systems." Computer Science and Information Systems 8, no. 4 (2011): 1277–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis110303059g.

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The development of automotive cyber-physical systems (CPS) software needs to consider not only functional requirements, but also non-functional requirements and the interaction with physical environment. In this paper, a model-based software development method for automotive CPS (MoBDAC) is presented. The main contributions of this paper are threefold. First, MoBDAC covers the whole development workflow of automotive CPS software from modeling and simulation to code generation. Automatic tools are used to improve the development efficiency. Second, MoBDAC extracts nonfunctional requirements and deals with them in the implementation model level and source code level, which helps to correctly manage and meet non-functional requirements. Third, MoBDAC defines three kinds of relations between uncertain physical environment events and software internal actions in automotive CPS, and uses Model Modifier to integrate the interaction with physical environment. Moreover, we illustrate the development workflow of MoBDAC by an example of a power window development.

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13

Large, Adam M., Benoit Bediou, Sezen Cekic, Yuval Hart, Daphne Bavelier, and C. Shawn Green. "Cognitive and Behavioral Correlates of Achievement in a Complex Multi-Player Video Game." Media and Communication 7, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 198–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v7i4.2314.

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Over the past 30 years, a large body of research has accrued demonstrating that video games are capable of placing substantial demands on the human cognitive, emotional, physical, and social processing systems. Within the cognitive realm, playing games belonging to one particular genre, known as the action video game genre, has been consistently linked with demands on a host of cognitive abilities including perception, top-down attention, multitasking, and spatial cognition. More recently, a number of new game genres have emerged that, while different in many ways from “traditional” action games, nonetheless seem likely to load upon similar cognitive processes. One such example is the multiplayer online battle arena genre (MOBA), which involves a mix of action and real-time strategy characteristics. Here, a sample of over 500 players of the MOBA game League of Legends completed a large battery of cognitive tasks. Positive associations were observed between League of Legends performance (quantified by participants’ in-game match-making rating) and a number of cognitive abilities consistent with those observed in the existing action video game literature, including speed of processing and attentional abilities. Together, our results document a rich pattern of cognitive abilities associated with high levels of League of Legends performance and suggest similarities between MOBAs and action video games in terms of their cognitive demands.

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14

Neimark, Geoffrey. "Farewell, Moban." American Journal of Psychiatry 167, no. 5 (May 2010): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10010123.

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15

Svensson, Robert. "Mobbare, offer och mobbare/offer: Deras relationer till familj, skola och kamrater." Nordisk Psykologi 51, no. 1 (January 1999): 42–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00291463.1999.11863938.

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16

Hauser, Debora, Eveline Gutzwiller-Helfenfinger, and Françoise D. Alsaker. "Kindergartenkinder als Zeugen von Mobbing." Swiss Journal of Educational Research 36, no. 1 (June 1, 2009): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24452/sjer.36.1.4808.

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In der vorliegenden Studie wurde untersucht, wie Kinder reagieren, wenn sie Zeugen von Mobbing werden. 968 Kinder aus 59 Kindergärten, in denen Mobbing stattfand, nahmen an der Studie teil. Es zeigten sich Alters- und Geschlechtseffekte bei Mobber- und Opfer-unterstützendem Zeugenverhalten sowie beim Ausmass an hilflosen Reaktionen. Zudem variierte das Zeugenverhalten in Abhängigkeit von der Mobbingrolle: Mobber zeigten mehr Mobber-unterstützende, nicht-involvierte Kinder mehr Opfer-unterstützende und passive Opfer mehr hilflose Reaktionen. Auch das habituelle Verhalten der Kinder in der Gruppe hing mit den Zeugenreaktionen der einzelnen Kindern zusammen: Viel aggressives Verhalten in der Kindergartengruppe ging mit mehr Mobber-unterstützenden Reaktionen einher, während es mehr Opfer-unterstützende Reaktionen in Gruppen gab, in welchen Konfliktsituationen eher positiv gehandhabt wurden. Die Rolle der Zeugen wird im Rahmen präventiver Ansätze diskutiert.

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17

Prado, Mariana Lemos do, and Armindo Quillici Neto. "Educação de jovens e adultos: um estudo acerca dos princípios políticos e pedagógicos que conduziram a proposta educacional do Movimento Brasileiro de Educação – MOBRAL (1967-1985)." Cadernos de História da Educação 18, no. 3 (November 26, 2019): 817–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/che-v18n3-2019-13.

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O Movimento Brasileiro de Educação – MOBRAL criado durante o Regime Militar (1964-1985), pela Lei n°5.379 de 15/12/1967, se constituiu em um dos mais extensos e complexos programas de educação de adultos já desenvolvidos no país. Para realização deste estudo foi elaborada uma análise dos princípios políticos, pedagógicos, metodologias e ideais que conduziram os principais programas do MOBRAL, com ênfase na Alfabetização Funcional, por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental de fontes como: a documentação e legislação educacional do período (1967-1985); Estatutos e Documento Básico da Fundação; pesquisas acadêmicas; as publicações do MEC e os materiais didáticos do MOBRAL. Destacamos o trabalho de Arlindo Lopes Corrêa como idealizador, gestor e representante do MOBRAL, um intelectual que buscou mediar a unidade política e ideológica da instituição e legitimar seu trabalho perante a opinião pública.

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18

Silva, Jailson Costa da, and Marinaide Lima de Queiroz Freitas. "Testemunhos orais e fotográficos: relatos de memórias das ações culturais do Mobral na comunidade sertaneja." Educar em Revista 35, no. 77 (October 2019): 299–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-4060.67277.

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RESUMO Este artigo é um recorte de uma pesquisa realizada no período de 2015 a 2018, no sertão de Alagoas, que teve como foco as ações desenvolvidas no Programa Mobral Cultural, implementado pelo Movimento Brasileiro de Alfabetização (Mobral), apoiando-se na História oral, Alberti (2008) e Bosi (1994), privilegiando como fontes as entrevistas e também a fotografia de Cartier-Bresson (1971), Guran (2011) e Leite (1993). Objetivou apresentar as narrativas memorialísticas advindas das fontes mencionadas de dois sujeitos inseridos no contexto das atividades culturais do referido Movimento, surgidas das indagações: A presença de ações culturais incentivadas pelo Mobral cultural ocasionou a valorização da cultura popular sertaneja? Quais os significados para os sertanejos das iniciativas culturais ofertadas? As fontes orais e visuais trouxeram novas reflexões em relação ao lugar - Sertão alagoano - e nos fizeram perceber as ressignificações que foram possíveis em um Movimento com a dimensão que teve o Mobral, na época da Ditadura Civil-militar.

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19

Mork, Gordon, and Michael Smith. "Richard Mobray Haywood, 1933–2000." Slavic Review 60, no. 1 (2001): 230–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0037677900007658.

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20

Evanoski, Carol Ann, and Doris W. Henderson. "MobyEd: A Mobile Educator Unit." Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing 26, no. 2 (March 1995): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0022-0124-19950301-11.

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21

Lee, Pei-Chung, Ksenia Beyrakhova, Caishuang Xu, Michal T. Boniecki, Mitchell H. Lee, Chisom J. Onu, Andrey M. Grishin, Matthias P. Machner, and Miroslaw Cygler. "TheLegionellakinase LegK7 exploits the Hippo pathway scaffold protein MOB1A for allostery and substrate phosphorylation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 25 (June 8, 2020): 14433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2000497117.

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During infection, the bacterial pathogenLegionella pneumophilamanipulates a variety of host cell signaling pathways, including the Hippo pathway which controls cell proliferation and differentiation in eukaryotes. Our previous studies revealed thatL. pneumophilaencodes the effector kinase LegK7 which phosphorylates MOB1A, a highly conserved scaffold protein of the Hippo pathway. Here, we show that MOB1A, in addition to being a substrate of LegK7, also functions as an allosteric activator of its kinase activity. A crystallographic analysis of the LegK7–MOB1A complex revealed that the N-terminal half of LegK7 is structurally similar to eukaryotic protein kinases, and that MOB1A directly binds to the LegK7 kinase domain. Substitution of interface residues critical for complex formation abrogated allosteric activation of LegK7 both in vitro and within cells and diminished MOB1A phosphorylation. Importantly, the N-terminal extension (NTE) of MOB1A not only regulated complex formation with LegK7 but also served as a docking site for downstream substrates such as the transcriptional coregulator YAP1. Deletion of the NTE from MOB1A or addition of NTE peptides as binding competitors attenuated YAP1 recruitment to and phosphorylation by LegK7. By providing mechanistic insight into the formation and regulation of the LegK7–MOB1A complex, our study unravels a sophisticated molecular mimicry strategy that is used byL. pneumophilato take control of the host cell Hippo pathway.

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22

Bae, June Sung, Sun Mi Kim, Yoon Jeon, Juyeon Sim, Ji Yun Jang, Jaehyung Son, Woosol Hong, Mi Kyung Park, and Ho Lee. "Loss of Mob1a/b impairs the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into the three germ layer lineages." Experimental & Molecular Medicine 51, no. 11 (November 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s12276-019-0342-z.

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AbstractThe Hippo pathway plays a crucial role in cell proliferation and apoptosis and can regulate stem cell maintenance and embryonic development. MOB kinase activators 1A and 1B (Mob1a/b) are key components of the Hippo pathway, whose homozygous deletion in mice causes early embryonic lethality at the preimplantation stage. To investigate the role of Mob1a/b in stem cell maintenance and differentiation, an embryonic stem cell (ESC) clone in which Mob1a/b could be conditionally depleted was generated and characterized. Although Mob1a/b depletion did not affect the stemness or proliferation of mouse ESCs, this depletion caused defects in differentiation into the three germ layers. Yap knockdown rescued the in vitro and in vivo defects in differentiation caused by Mob1a/b depletion, suggesting that differentiation defects caused by Mob1a/b depletion were Yap-dependent. In teratoma experiments, Yap knockdown in Mob1a/b-depleted ESCs partially restored defects in differentiation, indicating that hyperactivation of Taz, another effector of the Hippo pathway, inhibited differentiation into the three germ layers. Taken together, these results suggest that Mob1a/b or Hippo signaling plays a critical role in the differentiation of mouse ESCs into the three germ layers, which is dependent on Yap. These close relationship of the Hippo pathway with the differentiation of stem cells supports its potential as a therapeutic target in regenerative medicine.

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23

Mclean, Ian G. "Response to a Dangerous Enemy: Should a Brood Parasite be Mobbed?" Ethology 75, no. 3 (April 26, 2010): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1987.tb00656.x.

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24

K. Hendrichsen, Ditte, Peter Christiansen, Elsemarie K. Nielsen, Torben Dabelsteen, and Peter Sunde. "Exposure affects the risk of an owl being mobbed - experimental evidence." Journal of Avian Biology 37, no. 1 (January 2006): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2005.0908-8857.03658.x.

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25

Maarif, Syam. "Keabsahan Kebijakan Mobil Nasional menurut WTO." Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan 26, no. 5 (June 9, 2017): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol26.no5.1070.

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Kebijakan baru pemerintah RI yang berkaitan dengan "mobnas" telah menimbulkan protesbeberapa negara asing yang menganggapnya bertentangan dengan hukum perdngangan internasional. Prinsip "non-diskriminasi" dalam GATT (most favoured nations and national treatment) memang tidak dipenuhi kebijakan ini. Ketentuan pengecualian GATT pun yang berkaitan dengan "industri baru" serta "perdagangan dan pembangunan", ternyata tidak relevandijadikan sebagai alasan pembenaran. Satu-satunya potensi keabsahan yang tersisa adalah membuktikan bahwa fasilitas mobnas sesungguhnya adalah suatu "subsidi".

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26

REISCH, MARC. "Mobay acquires Denka Chemical." Chemical & Engineering News 65, no. 46 (November 16, 1987): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v065n046.p006.

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27

Quitério Quitério, Ana, João Costa, Maria Martins, João Martins, Marcos Onofre, Erin Gerlach, Claude Scheuer, and Christian Herrmann. "Educação Física: Avaliação das competências motoras em alunos de seis anos, do primeiro ano de escolaridade (Educación Física: Evaluación de las habilidades motoras en los estudiantes de seis años, en el primer año de escolarización)." Retos, no. 31 (November 21, 2016): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i31.53500.

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Enquadramento teórico: As competências motoras (CM) básicas constituem um objetivo central da Educação Física, sendo reconhecidas como fundamentais para a literacia física das crianças e jovens. Uma adequada avaliação do nível de desenvolvimento das CM é essencial para uma correta intervenção no processo de aprendizagem dos alunos. Recentemente foi proposta uma bateria de testes MOBAK («Motorische Basiskompetenzen» [MOBAQ]), válida para avaliar as CM em crianças do primeiro ano de escolaridade (6-7 anos de idade). Objetivos: O presente artigo pretendeu divulgar os primeiros resultados da avaliação das CM em alunos portugueses, de seis anos de idade. Amostra: A amostra incluiu um total de 136 alunos, dos quais 76 raparigas (6,7±0,5 anos de idade) e 60 rapazes (6,4±0,3 anos de idade). Metodologia: Foi utilizada a bateria de testes MOBAK para avaliar as CM em duas áreas principais: área do «objeto» (que inclui as CM «agarrar», «lançar», «driblar» e «conduzir»); e a área do «corpo» (que inclui as CM «equilíbrio», «rolamento», «saltos» e «deslocamento»), fazendo um total de oito testes. A pontuação possível de se alcançar em cada teste varia entre zero e dois pontos. Para aferição de critérios de avaliação foi efectuado um pré-teste com 10 crianças. O tratamento e análise dos dados foram realizados através do SPSS 21.0. O nível de significância utilizado foi p<0.05. Resultados: Os alunos avaliados apresentaram níveis baixos das diversas CM: apenas a CM de «agarrar» na área do «objeto» e as CM «rolamento» e «deslocamento» na área do «corpo» alcançaram o sucesso por mais de 50% dos alunos. Verificou-se uma elevada percentagem de alunos com insucesso (0 pontos alcançados) nas CM: «conduzir»: 36% (n=49), «equilíbrio»: 41,2% (n=56) e «saltos»: 37,5% (n=51). Relativamente às diferenças entre géneros, as raparigas apresentaram uma CM geral na área do «objeto» significativamente inferior à dos rapazes (p<0.001; p<0.01). Por outro lado, parece que as raparigas são mais competentes na área do corpo, nomeadamente nas CM «saltos», onde apresentaram valores significativamente mais elevados que os rapazes ( p<0.05). O género apareceu significativamente associado com CM manipulativas («agarrar», «driblar» e «conduzir) e «saltos» (p<0,05). Conclusões: o presente estudo revelou diferenças significativas das CM entre raparigas e rapazes. Foi também verificado que os níveis gerais de CM de cada uma das áreas avaliadas são relativamente baixos, sendo que a maioria dos alunos de seis anos não alcança sucesso na maioria dessas CM.Resumen. Marco teórico: Las habilidades motoras (CM) básicas es un objetivo central de la educación física y son reconocidas como fundamentales para la alfabetización física de los niños y jóvenes. Una evaluación adecuada del nivel de desarrollo de las CM es esencial para una adecuada intervención en el proceso de aprendizaje de los alumnos. Recientemente hay sido propuesta una serie de pruebas MOBAK ( "Motorische Basiskompetenzen" [MOBAQ]), válidas para evaluar la CM en los niños en el primer grado (6-7 años). Objetivos: En este artículo se pretende dar a conocer los primeros resultados de la evaluación de la CM en los alumnos portugueses (seis años de edad). Muestra: La muestra incluyó un total de 136 alumnos, de los cuales 76 niñas (6.7 ± 0.5 años) y 60 varones (6,4 ± 0,3 años). Métodos: Se utilizó la batería MOBAK para evaluar la CM en dos áreas principales: la zona del "objeto" (que incluye las CM "agarrar", " lanzamiento ", "driblar" y "conducir"); y el área del "cuerpo" (que incluye el "equilibrio", “teniendo", "saltos" y "desplazamiento"), haciendo un total de ocho pruebas. La puntuación posible de lograr en cada prueba varía entre cero y dos puntos. Para medir los criterios de evaluación se llevó a cabo un pre-test con 10 niños. El procesamiento y análisis de los datos se realizó con el programa SPSS 21.0. El nivel de significación se fijó en p <0,05. Resultados: Los alumnos evaluados presentaban niveles bajos en las diversas CM: Sólo en la CM "agarrar" en la zona del "objeto" y las CM "rodando" y " desplazamiento " en el área del "cuerpo" lograran éxito más del 50% de alumnos. Hubo un alto porcentaje de alumnos que han fallado (0 puntos anotados) en las CM: "conducir": 36% (n = 49); "equilibrio": 41,2% (n = 56) y "saltos": 37, 5% (n = 51). Con respecto a las diferencias de género, las niñas mostraron un CM general en la zona del "objeto" significativamente más baja que la de los varones (p <0,001, p <0,01). Por otra parte, parece que las niñas son más competentes en el área del cuerpo, sobre todo en CM "saltos", que tienen valores significativamente más altos que en los varones (p <0,05). El género parece estar asociado de forma significativa con CM de manejo ( "agarrar", "driblar" y "conducir" y “ saltos "(p <0,05). Conclusiones: Este estudio mostró diferencias significativas en el las CM entre niños y niñas. También se encontró que los niveles generales de CM en cada una de las áreas evaluadas son relativamente bajos, y la mayoría de los alumnos de seis años no alcanza el éxito en la mayor parte de las CM.

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Silva, Jailson Costa da, and Marinaide Lima de Queiroz Freitas. "Das fontes orais às fontes visuais: narrativas das ações do mobral cultural no sertão de alagoas (1973-1985)." Educação (UFSM) 44 (November 20, 2019): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984644437025.

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O artigo objetiva apresentar narrativas sobre as ações do Programa Mobral Cultural, implementado pelo Movimento Brasileiro de Alfabetização (Mobral), no município de Santana do Ipanema-AL (1973-1985), com o desígnio de reconstrução da memória em Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA). Trata-se de um recorte de uma pesquisa que buscou compreender – a partir de fontes orais e visuais –, como os sujeitos do sertão alagoano experienciaram e ressignificaram as ações culturais desenvolvidas pelo Mobral em um contexto de Ditadura civil-militar. Os depoimentos foram colhidos por meio da abordagem qualitativa da história oral, com base nos postulados teóricos de Alberti (2008), Portelli (2010), Bosi (1994) e Thompson (1992) privilegiando, também, a fotografia como fonte baseado em Cartier-Bresson (1971), Leite (1993) e Mauad (1996). As fontes orais e visuais trouxeram novas reflexões em relação ao lugar – sertão alagoano. Isso nos fez perceber as contribuições e ressignificações que foram possíveis no contexto da investigação, entre elas a apropriação dos artistas locais das ações culturais desenvolvidas em um Movimento marcado pela Ditadura civil-militar.

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Payne, Robert B., Ian Rowley, and Laura L. Payne. "Splendid Wren Malurus Splendens Response To Cuckoos: an Experimental Test of Social Organization in a Communal Bird." Behaviour 94, no. 1-2 (1985): 108–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853985x00299.

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AbstractA population of cooperatively breeding, group-living splendid wrens was tested with a mounted parasitic cuckoo. At all nests with incubated eggs or nestlings, wrens attacked the cuckoo. The timing and intensity of attacks was independent of the nest day and of the age and breeding experience of the wrens. The breeding female usually spotted and attacked the cuckoo first. Her mate and the nonbreeding helpers responded to her call and mobbed and attacked the cuckoo. Response was no quicker in groups with nonbreeding auxiliaries than in single pairs. Discovery time was independent of the number of birds in a group and depended on the movements of the breeding female. Most wrens fed the young and mobbed the cuckoo. When a wren did not attack, it usually was caring for the young of another breeding female or an earlier brood. Variance in helping behavior was not closely associated with variance in the genetic relationship between helper and the breeding female or the young beneficiaries of mobbing. Use of a common territory, attendance at a nest, feeding the young, and mobbing and hitting a cuckoo were all associated cooperative activities. The main limitation of cooperative behavior in defense against the cuckoo is the same as the observed constraint on care of the young during the prolonged period of parental feeding-a conflict of interest among breeding females for care of their own young.

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Loftie-Eaton, Wesley, and Douglas E. Rawlings. "Comparative Biology of Two Natural Variants of the IncQ-2 Family Plasmids, pRAS3.1 and pRAS3.2." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 20 (August 14, 2009): 6436–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00864-09.

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ABSTRACT Plasmids pRAS3.1 and pRAS3.2 are two closely related, natural variants of the IncQ-2 plasmid family that have identical plasmid backbones except for two differences. Plasmid pRAS3.1 has five 6-bp repeat sequences in the promoter region of the mobB gene and four 22-bp iterons in its oriV region, whereas pRAS3.2 has only four 6-bp repeats and three 22-bp iterons. Plasmid pRAS3.1 was found to have a higher copy number than pRAS3.2, and we show that the extra 6-bp repeat results in an increase in mobB and downstream mobA/repB expression. Placement of repB (primase) behind an arabinose-inducible promoter in trans resulted in an increase in repB expression and an approximately twofold increase in the copy number of plasmids with identical numbers of 22-bp iterons. The pRAS3 plasmids were shown to have a previously unrecognized toxin-antitoxin plasmid stability module within their replicons. The ability of the pRAS3 plasmids to mobilize the oriT regions of two other plasmids of the IncQ-2 family, pTF-FC2 and pTC-F14, suggested that the mobilization proteins pRAS3 are relaxed and can mobilize oriT regions with substantially different sequences. Plasmids pRAS3.1 and pRAS3.2 were highly incompatible with plasmids pTF-FC2 and pTC-F14, and this incompatibility was removed on inactivation of an open reading frame situated downstream of the mobCDE mobilization genes rather than being due to the 22-bp oriV-associated iterons. We propose that the pRAS3 plasmids represent a third, γ incompatibility group within the IncQ-2 family plasmids.

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Souza, Sauloéber Társio de. "O MOBRAL no Pontal de Minas Gerais." Revista HISTEDBR On-line 21 (June 1, 2021): e021029. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/rho.v21i00.8659665.

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O presente artigo aborda a história do MOBRAL (Movimento Brasileiro de Alfabetização) no município de Ituiutaba-MG no período entre 1970 e 1985. Este projeto surgiu no contexto da Ditadura Civil-Militar pela Lei 5.379/1967 que propunha a alfabetização funcional a jovens e adultos. Iniciou suas atividades em 1970 com uma ampla divulgação e mobilização pela imprensa falada e escrita. O programa objetivava atingir todo o território nacional tendo como principal meta erradicar o analfabetismo, propondo-se um prazo de 10 anos para tal finalidade. A pesquisa aborda uma pequena parte dessa história no interior de Minas Gerais, observando-se seu processo de implantação e alguns dos seus resultados, utilizando como fonte a história oral junto aos atores sociais envolvidos (profissionais e alunos), fontes documentais como jornais da região e legislação do período. O MOBRAL em Ituiutaba revela semelhanças com o cenário nacional, ou seja, a cargo da sociedade civil com respaldo da Igreja Católica e apoiada pela prefeitura municipal deu organicidade a suas ações, dentro da lógica autoritária daquele momento. Foi um programa marcado pelo improviso, cujos professores não tinham formação além da ginasial, e atuavam a partir de breve treinamento, sendo suficiente apenas ter tido bom desempenho escolar. Consideramos que o MOBRAL foi mais um veículo utilizado pela Ditadura Civil-Militar com o intuito da formação da mão de obra com rudimentos da leitura e da escrita, além de gerar eleitores que poderiam por meio do voto, legitimar as ações autoritárias do governo. Assim, os resultados obtidos foram bastante limitados também em cidades do interior, distantes dos grandes centros de poder.

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Peed, Lindsay, Anita C. Parker, and C. Jeffrey Smith. "Genetic and Functional Analyses of the mob Operon on Conjugative Transposon CTn341 from Bacteroides spp." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 18 (July 16, 2010): 4643–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00317-10.

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ABSTRACT Bacteroides are Gram-negative anaerobes indigenous to the intestinal tract of humans, and they are important opportunistic pathogens. Mobile genetic elements, such as conjugative transposons (CTns), have contributed to an increase in antibiotic resistance in these organisms. CTns are self-transmissible elements that belong to the superfamily of integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs). CTn341 is 52 kb; it encodes tetracycline resistance and its transfer is induced by tetracycline. The mobilization region of CTn341 was shown to be comprised of a three-gene operon, mobABC, and the transfer origin, oriT. The three genes code for a nicking accessory protein, a relaxase, and a VirD4-like coupling protein, respectively. The Mob proteins were predicted to mediate the formation of the relaxosome complex, nick DNA at the oriT, and shuttle the DNA/protein complex to the mating-pore apparatus. The results of mutational studies indicated that the three genes are required for maximal transfer of CTn341. Mob gene transcription was induced by tetracycline, and this regulation was mediated through the two-component regulatory system, RteAB. The oriT region of CTn341 was located within 100 bp of mobA, and a putative Bacteroides consensus nicking site was observed within this region. Mutation of the putative nick site resulted in a loss of transfer. This study demonstrated a role of the mobilization region for transfer of Bacteroides CTns and that tetracycline induction occurs for the mob gene operon, as for the tra gene operon(s), as shown previously.

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Tumynaitė, Laura. "BASIC MOTOR COMPETENCIES – MOBAK RELATIONSHIPS WITH ACTIVE LEISURE TIME, SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC AND ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICATORS." Laisvalaikio tyrimai 2, no. 8 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33607/elt.v2i8.234.

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Research background.Research literature has shown that the earlier studies rather narrowly focusedon motor skills and competenciesin physical activities in primary school children age groups. In the earlychildhood children begin to explore the environment and develop motorskills in certain groups. One of themis known as the fundamental motor skills, which are divided into“self-movement”and“object movement”.“Self-movement”skills include body movements in space andarereferred to as running, carrying, jumping,sliding and canter (Haywood,Getchell,2015).“Objet-movement”skills consistof object manipulation andability to control.“Object-movement”formsarethrowing, catching, jumping, kicking, striking and tossing(Haywood,Getchell, 2005). These skills form the basis for future movement and physical activity (Clark,Metcalfe, 2012). One of the motor skills of the analytical methods is MOBAK (Herrmann et al., 2015)(theGerman translation of“Motorische Basiskompetenzen” (basic motor skills)) test battery, which is used in thisstudy. We tried to discover the relationships between physical activity and sociodemographicas well asanthropometric indicators.Theaim of the researchwas todiscover the relationships between MOBAK and physical activity,sociodemographicas well as well asand anthropometric indicators.Results.Results showed that therewererelationships between MOBAK and physical activity in“Object movement” factor (p>0.05). Therewereno relationships between MOBAK and sociodemographicand anthropometric indicators (p<0.05).Conclusions.MOBAK test battery has relationships with physical activity. MOBAK test battery hasno relationships with sociodemographic and anthropometric indicators.Keywords:motor skills, physical activity, sociodemographic and anthropometric indicators.

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Mobbs, Michael H. "Remarks by Michael H. Mobbs." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 82 (1988): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272503700072682.

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Lapthorn, Cris, Frank S. Pullen, Babur Z. Chowdhry, Patricia Wright, George L. Perkins, and Yanira Heredia. "How useful is molecular modelling in combination with ion mobility mass spectrometry for ‘small molecule’ ion mobility collision cross-sections?" Analyst 140, no. 20 (2015): 6814–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5an00411j.

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Jullien, Christelle, and Florence Jullien. "AUX FRONTIÈRES DE L'IRANITÉ: «NĀSRĀYĒ» ET «KRĪSTYONĒ» DES INSCRIPTIONS DU MOBAD KIRDĪR: ENQUÊTE LITTÉRAIRE ET HISTORIQUE." Numen 49, no. 3 (2002): 282–335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852702320263945.

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AbstractThe identification of the nāsrāyē and the krīstyonē in the mobad Kirdīr's inscriptions is still disputed. In this contribution the authors make a systematic examination of the Syriac and Mazdaean sources. Each term, situated in its context, can be understood in its literary and historical environment. The consideration of a geostrategic polarity Irān/Anirān enables us to understand these two designations by means of a re-evaluation of the relationship between Christians and Mazdaeans. Political motives, and their conjoined religious implications, explain the Sasanid authorities' use of these two terms to designate Christians.

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Paw, Barbara. "LEGAL PROTECTION OF THE INDIVIDUAL AGAINST MOBBING." Roczniki Administracji i Prawa 3, no. XX (September 30, 2020): 295–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4287.

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The current legal norms - in the field of mobbing - do not guard the protection of the rights of victims of mobbing, nor do they favor the pursuit of statutory guaranteed claims by victims of mobber activities. Keep in mind that anyone can become a victim of mobbing and you never know when this problem will affect the next person. The joint responsibility of the legislature, executive and judicature for good law, which should take into account the protection of the individual against the destructive intensity of mobbing, will take place when victims of mobbing are protected by law,and the mobbers will be responsible for their actions. The inevitability of punishment for a mobber is a signal to society that public authorities are responsibly complying constitutional obligations.

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BLASKA, JOAN K. "Mobias Corporation. (1990). Computers in Head Start classrooms." Journal of Early Intervention 16, no. 2 (April 1992): 196–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105381519201600212.

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Kwon, Dae-ho. "Pragmatics of Mobian Texts –Language theory for Argumentation-." Korean Language Education 160 (February 28, 2018): 187–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.29401/kle.160.6.

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Kreamer, Christine Mullen. "Moba Weaving?" African Arts 19, no. 2 (February 1986): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3336316.

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Villavaso, E. J., W. L. McGovern, J. L. Roberson, J. W. Smith, H. W. Ray, and B. J. Monke. "Effect of Sterile Boll Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Insecticide in Isolated Small Plots in Florida." Journal of Entomological Science 27, no. 2 (April 1, 1992): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-27.2.120.

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In the spring and summer of 1989, insecticide and sterile boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, were applied to plots of cotton on two private research farms at Vero Beach, Florida to suppress the native boll weevil population. Plots were treated weekly with azinphosmethyl followed by the release of about 500 sterile boll weevils per acre two days later. Egg hatch was 5% on the Mobay farm where serially planted plots of cotton were destroyed soon after blooming. On the Ciba-Geigy farm egg hatch averaged 32% prior to the formation of bolls 2.5 cm (1 in.) or larger in diameter and 77% when bolls were larger than 2.5 cm in diameter. Normally, egg hatch in fields with no sterile weevils is about 94% so their effect in preventing or significantly lowering the reproductive activity of native females entering the cotton fields was demonstrated. After natives began emerging from the clumped areas where oviposition had taken place, the effectiveness of the sterile weevils was significantly diminished. The Ciba-Geigy research farm had received more than 30 applications of azinphosmethyl during the 1988 growing season, and the Mobay farm had received 6 applications of methomyl. In 1989, 16 pheromone baited traps placed around the perimeter of each farm in 1989 captured an average of 12 (Mobay) and 37 (Ciba-Geigy native weevils per week before and during the treatment period. At Ciba-Geigy 41% of the trapped weevils were sterile compared to 34% at Mobay. In 1990, 16 pheromone traps placed around the Mobay and Ciba-Geigy farms averaged 0 and 4 weevils per week, respectively, during the growing season.

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Youssef, T., and P. Saenger. "Mangrove Zonation in Mobbs Bay—Australia." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 49 (August 1999): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-7714(99)80007-9.

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STORCK, WILLIAM. "Mobay may begin water treatment venture." Chemical & Engineering News 67, no. 50 (December 11, 1989): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v067n050.p011.

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Guven, Sefika Dilek, Aysegul Ozcan, and Bahtisen Kartal. "Nurses and midwifes who are being mobbed in Nevşehir City Centre Health Organizations of State." Balıkesır Health Sciences Journal 1, no. 3 (2012): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/bsbd.2012.03511.

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Lorenzo-Diaz, Fabian, Cris Fernández-Lopez, Pierre-Emmanuel Douarre, Adrian Baez-Ortega, Carlos Flores, Philippe Glaser, and Manuel Espinosa. "Streptococcal group B integrative and mobilizable element IMESag- rpsI encodes a functional relaxase involved in its transfer." Open Biology 6, no. 10 (October 2016): 160084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.160084.

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Streptococcus agalactiae or Group B Streptococcus (GBS) are opportunistic bacteria that can cause lethal sepsis in children and immuno-compromised patients. Their genome is a reservoir of mobile genetic elements that can be horizontally transferred. Among them, integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) and the smaller integrative and mobilizable elements (IMEs) primarily reside in the bacterial chromosome, yet have the ability to be transferred between cells by conjugation. ICEs and IMEs are therefore a source of genetic variability that participates in the spread of antibiotic resistance. Although IMEs seem to be the most prevalent class of elements transferable by conjugation, they are poorly known. Here, we have studied a GBS-IME, termed IMESag- rpsI , which is widely distributed in GBS despite not carrying any apparent virulence trait. Analyses of 240 whole genomes showed that IMESag- rpsI is present in approximately 47% of the genomes, has a roughly constant size (approx. 9 kb) and is always integrated at a single location, the 3′-end of the gene encoding the ribosomal protein S9 ( rpsI ). Based on their genetic variation, several IMESag- rpsI types were defined (A–J) and classified in clonal complexes (CCs). CC1 was the most populated by IMESag- rpsI (more than 95%), mostly of type-A (71%). One CC1 strain ( S. agalactiae HRC) was deep-sequenced to understand the rationale underlying type-A IMESag- rpsI enrichment in GBS. Thirteen open reading frames were identified, one of them encoding a protein (MobSag) belonging to the broadly distributed family of relaxases MOB V1 . Protein MobSag was purified and, by a newly developed method, shown to cleave DNA at a specific dinucleotide. The S. agalactiae HRC-IMESag- rpsI is able to excise from the chromosome, as shown by the presence of circular intermediates, and it harbours a fully functional mobilization module. Further, the mobSag gene encoded by this mobile element is able to promote plasmid transfer among pneumococcal strains, suggesting that MobSag facilitates the spread of IMESag- rpsI and that this spread would explain the presence of the same IMESag- rpsI type in GBS strains belonging to different CCs.

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Araújo, Rodrigo Wantuir Alves de, and Maria Inês Sucupira Stamatto. "Política de alfabetização de jovens e adultos: o caso do MOBRAL no município de Riachuelo-RN." Research, Society and Development 7, no. 11 (July 5, 2018): e10711469. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v7i11.469.

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Este é um trabalho sobre o programa MOBRAL – Movimento Brasileiro de Alfabetização – no município de Riachuelo-RN. O objetivo principal é o de compreender o funcionamento deste programa de alfabetização de jovens e adultos no município, analisando o seu funcionamento, formação de professores, método de ensino, constituição das aulas identificando o seu modelo programático inseridos no contexto histórico. A metodologia de pesquisa predominantemente é a da história oral versada em entrevistas orais e transcritas, narrativas e depoimentos dos principais agentes envolvidos no MOBRAL compuseram o teor desse trabalho. Foram utilizados outros documentos, como fotografia e arquivos da Prefeitura Municipal de Riachuelo-RN que permitiram o diálogo com as fontes orais, a construção e análise deste programa. Mediante tais circunstancias obtivemos um panorama local do funcionamento desta política pública de educação do Governo Militar no município de Riachuelo-RN identificando seu direcionamento e atendimento local.

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Quitério, Ana, João Martins, Marcos Onofre, João Costa, João Mota Rodrigues, Erin Gerlach, Claude Scheur, and Christian Herrmann. "MOBAK 1 Assessment in Primary Physical Education: Exploring Basic Motor Competences of Portuguese 6-Year-Olds." Perceptual and Motor Skills 125, no. 6 (November 9, 2018): 1055–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512518804358.

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Children’s motor competence is known to have a determinant role in learning and engaging later in complex motor skills and, thus, in physical activity. The development of adequate motor competence is a central aim of physical education, and assuring that pupils are learning and developing motor competence depends on accurate assessment protocols. The MOBAK 1 test battery is a recent instrument developed to assess motor competence in primary physical education. This study used the MOBAK 1 to explore motor competence levels and gender differences among 249 ( Mage = 6.3, SD = 0.5 years; 127 girls and 122 boys) Grade 1 primary school Portuguese children. On independent sample t tests, boys presented higher object movement motor competence than girls (boys: M = 5.8, SD = 1.7; girls: M = 4.0, SD = 1.7; p < .001), while girls were more proficient among self-movement skills (girls: M = 5.1, SD = 1.8; boys: M = 4.3, SD = 1.7; p < .01). On “total motor competence,” boys ( M = 10.3, SD = 2.6) averaged one point ahead of girls ( M = 9.1, SD = 2.9). The percentage of girls in the first quartile of object movement was 18.9%, while, for “self movement,” the percentage of boys in the first quartile was almost double that of girls (30.3% and 17.3%, respectively). The confirmatory model to test for construct validity confirmed the assumed theoretical two-factor structure of MOBAK 1 test items in this Portuguese sample. These results support the MOBAK 1 instrument for assessing motor competence and highlighted gender differences, of relevance to intervention efforts.

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Schmidt, Jessica. "Cross-border Mergers, Divisions and Conversions: Accomplishments and Deficits of the Company Law Package." European Company and Financial Law Review 16, no. 1-2 (May 8, 2019): 222–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ecfr-2019-0005.

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On 25 April 2015, the European Commission, as a part of its Company Law Package, presented a proposal for amending the Company Law Directive (CLD) as regards cross-border conversions, mergers and divisions (Mobility Directive Draft – MobilD-D). This article critically analyses the accomplishments and deficits of this proposal.

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Kreamer, Christine Mullen. "Moba Shrine Figures." African Arts 20, no. 2 (February 1987): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3336602.

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50

Michniuk, Anna. "Why Polish Teachers Quit Jobs in Public Schools? Research Report." Yearbook of Pedagogy 43, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rp-2020-0009.

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Summary The aim of the article is to present the reasons for leaving the job in public schools by Polish teachers. The author describes the current situation of teachers in Poland, paying attention to their salaries and some expectations set for them. Based on the research results (N = 108), it was found that Polish teachers most often leave teaching in public schools for: financial reasons (too low salaries), being mobbed by the headteachers, divisions in the teachers’ group and also too tough and outdated education system. These reasons are connected with internal and external motivations. Interestingly, after quitting a public school, almost 40% of the respondents wanted to stay in education field, 12% wanted to emigrate and 10% of respondents declared to move to the job which will be connected with ICT.

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