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Journal articles on the topic 'MND'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Turner, Martin R. "MND plus." Practical Neurology 19, no. 5 (May 21, 2019): 376–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/practneurol-2019-002213.

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2

Soltani, Nader, Christy Shropshire, and Peter Sikkema. "Short Communication: Influence of manganese on efficacy of glyphosate in glyphosate-resistant soybean." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 91, no. 6 (November 1, 2011): 1061–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2011-035.

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Soltani, N., Shropshire, C. and Sikkema, P. H. 2011. Short Communication: Influence of manganese on efficacy of glyphosate in glyphosate-resistant soybean. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 1061–1064. Four field trials were conducted from 2007 to 2010 in Ontario to evaluate the effect of various manganese (Mn) formulations (Mn1, Ecoman 5% Mn; Mn2, MangaMax 5.5% Mn; Mn3, ManMax 5.5% Mn; Mn4, Superman 5% Mn; Mn5, Stoller This 5% Mn; Mn6, Nortrace 6% Mn-EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetate); Mn7, Nortrace 22% Mn and Mn8, WolfTrax 33% Mn) applied at 2.0 kg actual Mn ha−1 on glyphosate efficacy at 900 g a.e. ha−1 in glyphosate-resistant soybean. The tank mix of glyphosate plus Mn4, Mn6 or Mn8 caused as much as 6, 17 and 4% injury in soybean, respectively. There was minimal crop injury (0–1.4%) with other Mn tank mixes. The addition of Mn4 or Mn6 to glyphosate did not antagonize glyphosate efficacy on the weeds evaluated (AMARE, AMBEL, CHEAL and SETVI). The other Mn formulations antagonized glyphosate efficacy for the control of AMARE, AMBEL, CHEAL or SETVI under some environments. The addition of Mn3 or Mn6 to glyphosate reduced soybean yield as much as 15 and 10% compared with glyphosate alone, respectively. Based on these results, it is recommended that glyphosate and manganese applications be applied sequentially to avoid weed control antagonism and maximize soybean yield.
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3

Robertson, Adrian. "MND Resource File." Physiotherapy 87, no. 1 (January 2001): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(05)61194-7.

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4

Dysch, Leon. "MND research request." Neuropsychologist 1, no. 9 (April 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsneur.2020.1.9.13.

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5

Higashihara, Mana, Parvathi Menon, Nimeshan Geevasinga, Mehdi AJVan den Bos, Matthew C. Kiernan, and Steve Vucic. "092 Motor neuron disease with malignancy: clinical and pathophysiological insights." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 90, e7 (July 2019): A29.3—A30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2019-anzan.80.

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IntroductionWhile some regard an association between motor neuron disease (MND) and malignancy as co-incidental, others have argued that it could represent a distinct clinical entity. The present study undertook in depth phenotyping along with assessment of cortical function to further explore disease pathophysiology in MND with malignancy (MND-M) patients.MethodsClinical features along with assessment of peripheral and cortical function was undertaken in 13 MND-M and results were compared to sporadic and familial MND cohorts.ResultsFrom a cohort 13 patients (10 males; aged 65.2±2.0 years), 30.8% were diagnosed with a haematological malignancy. The lower motor neuron phenotype predominated in the in the MND-M patients (χ2=10.8, P<0.01), with the upper motor neuron (UMN) score being significantly reduced in MND-M patients compared to sporadic and familial MND cohorts (χ2=6.84, P<0.01). The neurological deficits did not respond to treatment of the underlying malignancy in the majority of MND-M (92%) patients, and as such there were no significant differences in survival between the cohorts. Despite a paucity of UMN signs, cortical hyperexcitability was evident in MND-M patients, as indicated by reduction in short interval intracortical inhibition (P<0.01) and increase in motor evoked potential amplitude (P<0.01), that were similar to findings in sporadic and familial MND cohorts.ConclusionsThe present study suggests that MND-M falls within the spectrum of MND. A co-incidental association between MND and malignancy is underscored by cortical dysfunction and clinical findings which seems within the spectrum of abnormality evident in classical MND phenotypes.
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Pei, Yan Li, Tatsuro Hiraki, Toshiya Kojima, Takafumi Fukushima, Mitsumasa Koyanagi, and Tetsu Tanaka. "Energy Band Engineering of Metal Nanodots for High Performance Nonvolatile Memory Application." Key Engineering Materials 470 (February 2011): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.470.140.

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In this work, high density and small size metal nanodots (MND) with different work-functions were fabricated as a floating gate of nonvolatile memory (NVM) devices by self-assembled nanodot deposition (SAND). The energy band engineering of NVM was demonstrated through controlling MND work-function. For single MND layer floating gate NVM, the retention time was improved by choosing high work-function MND. Furthermore, we proposed a new type NVM with a double stacked MND floating gate. Here, the high work-function MND are placed on the top layer and the low work-function MND are placed on the bottom layer. A large memory window and long retention time were obtained. However, the thermal electron excitation is dominant for the electron discharge process during retention. How to reduce the defects in MND layer is important for further improving of memory characteristics.
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7

Danielle, Leighton, and Chandran Siddharthan. "WED 225 Changing epidemiology of motor neurone disease in scotland." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 89, no. 10 (September 13, 2018): A33.1—A33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2018-abn.114.

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Clinical Audit Research and Evaluation for Motor Neurone Disease (CARE-MND) (formerly the Scottish MND Register) is an electronic platform for prospective, population-based research in Scotland. We present the results of recent epidemiological analyses.Capture-recapture methods were adopted to determine incidence of MND in 2015–2016: 1) notifications via CARE-MND, 2) Information Services Division (ISD) data i) hospital admissions, ii) death data, iii) riluzole prescriptions.Crude prevalence of MND in Scotland is 7.61–7.64/100,000 of the population. Direct age standardised incidence in 2015 was 3.42/100,000 (95% CI: 2.99 to 3.91); in 2016, 2.89/100,000 (95% CI: 2.50 to 3.34). Using maximum likelihood estimates, coverage of the CARE-MND platform was 99.6% (2015) and 98.1% (2016). In view of high coverage, CARE-MND estimates alone will be presented for 2017.Previous Scottish MND Register capture-recapture annual incidence estimates were 2.32/100,000 (95% CI: 2.26 to 2.37) in 1989–1998 (direct standardised). Our data suggest a changing landscape of MND in Scotland, with a rise in incidence by 36%. This could be attributed to improved neurological services in Scotland. Incidence is also 67% higher than Northern European estimates, which perhaps reflects our robust ascertainment methods. However, further work using population CARE-MND data aims to determine if genetic or environmental variables account for these findings.
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8

Camarero, J. Julio, and Andrea Hevia. "Links between climate, drought and minimum wood density in conifers." IAWA Journal 41, no. 2 (May 12, 2020): 236–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-bja10005.

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Abstract As the global climate warms, increased aridity is expected to become a major determinant of forest productivity and tree growth. In gymnosperms, wood density quantified at seasonal to annual scales can be related to changes in tracheid lumen size due to alterations in soil water availability. In this way, minimum wood density (MND) has been shown to respond negatively to early growing-season precipitation in several conifers because dry conditions reduce tracheid lumen size and consequently increase MND. We investigated if this relationship between spring precipitation and MND applies to four conifer species (Abies alba, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus nigra, Juniperus thurifera) in NE Spain from mesic (A. alba, P. sylvestris) to xeric (P. nigra, J. thurifera) conditions. We further assessed how climate, precipitation, and drought-affected tree-ring width (TRW) and MND at several time scales to test if water shortage in spring increases MND and decreases TRW over time and seasonally. Lastly, we quantified the post-drought MND recovery. We found the strongest negative correlations between MND and spring precipitation in P. nigra followed by J. thurifera. In these two species, the associations between MND and 9-month long droughts peaked in early spring (P. nigra, ; J. thurifera, ). Juniperus thurifera presented a better post-drought recovery (decrease in MND), followed by P. nigra and P. sylvestris. We conclude that MND is a reliable and accurate proxy of drought severity during spring in conifers subjected to seasonal water shortage. MND can be used as an early-warning indicator of short- and long-term changes in the responses of trees to water shortage.
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9

Pearce, Lynne. "New guidance targets MND." Nursing Standard 30, no. 36 (May 4, 2016): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.30.36.20.s22.

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10

Trueland, Jennifer. "Fighting for MND specialists." Nursing Standard 29, no. 30 (March 25, 2015): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.29.30.24.s22.

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11

Shaw, Pamela. "New therapies for MND." Journal of the Neurological Sciences 429 (October 2021): 117636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2021.117636.

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12

Fallaize, Elizabeth. "On Living with MND." Simone de Beauvoir Studies 26, no. 1 (October 23, 2010): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25897616-02601013.

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13

James, Lisa M., and Apostolos P. Georgopoulos. "Immunogenetic Epidemiology of Motor Neuron Diseases in 14 Continental Western European Countries." Journal of Immunological Sciences 5, no. 3 (August 30, 2021): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.29245/2578-3009/2021/3.1221.

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Very few studies have evaluated associations of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) with motor neuron diseases (MND). Using an immunogenetic epidemiological approach, we identified a population-level HLA profile for MND by evaluating the correlations between the population frequencies of 127 HLA Class I and II alleles and the population prevalence of MND in 14 Continental Western European countries. The results demonstrated that significantly more HLA alleles, particularly for Class I, were negatively associated with the population prevalence of MND, suggesting a preponderance of protective vs susceptibility effects. The findings add to the limited literature implicating HLA in MND and considering the role of HLA in immune system responses to pathogens, suggest a potential influence of pathogens in MND.
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14

Pinto, Wladimir B. V. R., Igor Braga Farias, Bruno de Mattos Lombardi Badia, Luiz Henrique Libardi Silva, Mario Teruo Yanagiura, Marco Antônio Troccoli Chieia, Paulo Victor Sgobbi de Souza, and Acary Souza Bulle Oliveira. "Finger extension weakness and downbeat nystagmus motor neurone disease (FEWDON-MND)." Practical Neurology 19, no. 5 (April 24, 2019): 424–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/practneurol-2018-002188.

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Atypical motor neurone disease (MND) represents a challenging and expanding group of neurodegenerative disorders involving the upper or lower motor neurones, and rarely both. Neuro-ophthalmological disturbances such as gaze-evoked downbeat nystagmus are extremely rare in the context of typical and atypical MND. Finger extension weakness and downbeat nystagmus motor neurone disease (FEWDON-MND) syndrome has been recently recognised as a distinct syndromic phenotype of MND, with a characteristic clinical picture. We describe a 63-year-old woman with long-standing lower motor neurone involvement of the upper limbs, who on examination had gaze-evoked downbeat nystagmus. After extensive negative investigation for secondary causes of MND and downbeat nystagmus, we diagnosed FEWDON-MND syndrome.
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de Jongh, Adriaan D., Ruben P. A. van Eijk, Susan M. Peters, Michael A. van Es, Anja M. C. Horemans, Anneke J. van der Kooi, Nicol C. Voermans, Roel C. H. Vermeulen, Jan H. Veldink, and Leonard H. van den Berg. "Incidence, Prevalence, and Geographical Clustering of Motor Neuron Disease in the Netherlands." Neurology 96, no. 8 (January 20, 2021): e1227-e1236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000011467.

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ObjectiveTo assess time trends in motor neuron disease (MND) incidence, prevalence, and mortality and to investigate geographic clustering of MND cases in the Netherlands from 1998 to 2017, we analyzed data from the Netherlands Personal Records database, the Netherlands MND Center, and the Netherlands Patient Association of Neuromuscular Diseases.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, Poisson regression was used to assess time trends in MND risk. We calculated age- and sex-standardized, observed, and expected cases for 1,694 areas. Bayesian smoothed risk mapping was used to investigate geographic MND risk.ResultsWe identified 7,992 MND cases, reflecting an incidence of 2.64 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.62–2.67) per 100,000 person-years and a prevalence of 9.5 (95% CI 9.1–10.0) per 100,000 persons. Highest age-standardized prevalence and mortality rates occurred at a later age in men than in women (p < 0.001). Unadjusted mortality rates increased by 53.2% from 2.57 per 100,000 person-years in 1998 to 3.86 per 100,000 person-years in 2017. After adjustment for age and sex, an increase in MND mortality rate of 14.1% (95% CI 5.7%–23.2%, p < 0.001) remained. MND relative risk ranged from 0.78 to 1.43 between geographic areas; multiple urban and rural high-risk areas were identified.ConclusionsWe found a significant national increase in MND mortality from 1998 through 2017, explained only partly by an aging Dutch population, and a geographic variability in MND risk, suggesting a role for environmental or demographic risk factors.
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MacDonald, Allycia, Merrilee Needham, and Anthony Alvaro. "078 Sensory nerve abnormalities in motor neuron disease." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 90, e7 (July 2019): A25.1—A25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2019-anzan.66.

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IntroductionElectrodiagnostic evaluation is crucial in establishing the diagnosis of motor neuron disease (MND) and excluding other pathologies. It is recommended that sensory nerve conduction studies (NCS) include the ulnar and sural nerves, and generally accepted that sensory nerves are normal in MND. There are however previous reports in the literature documenting variable sensory abnormalities in patients with MND. We sought to determine the frequency of unexplained sensory abnormalities seen on NCS in patients with MND.MethodsMedical records of patients attending our tertiary MND clinic over a 2 year period were reviewed. We identified 92 patients with a clinical diagnosis of MND for whom electrodiagnostic studies were available to review. Sensory abnormalities in patients without a clear underlying aetiology (eg. compressive neuropathies, diabetes) were considered unexplained.ResultsUnexplained sensory abnormalities were detected in at least one nerve in 18/92 (20%) patients. In 17 of those 18 patients, the ulnar sensory response was abnormal. 12 of 18 patients demonstrated abnormalities in 2 or more sensory nerves. Sensory abnormalities were present in 4 of 37 (10.8%) patients with bulbar onset MND and 14 of 55 (25.4%) patients with limb onset MND. Sensory symptoms were infrequently reported and did not correlate with abnormalities found on NCS.ConclusionsUnexplained sensory nerve action potential abnormalities are not uncommon in MND, with ulnar sensory responses the most frequently affected. These findings raise the possibility of sensory nerve pathology in patients with MND and suggest that the presence of unexplained sensory abnormalities should not exclude a diagnosis of MND.
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Worku, Dominic Adam, Unnat Krishna, and Karen E. Morrison. "Overview and audit against Motor Neurone Disease (MND) Association guidelines of a MND consultant’s practice over the last 3 years at the [Hospital]." Res Medica 24, no. 1 (December 31, 2017): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/resmedica.v24i1.1563.

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Background: Motor neurone disease (MND) is an incurable neurodegenerative condition. Recent guidelines from the MND Association UK (MNDA) emphasise prompt diagnosis and monitoring of quality of life (QOL). However, primary literature indicates that diagnosis is often delayed through several factors, including unawareness of how MND presents and delays through multiple secondary referrals. The [hospital] operates an internationally-recognised MND clinic whose service has not been audited against the MNDA UK guidelines for the last 3 years.Aim: To assess how well the MND consultant’s service ensures prompt diagnosis and the provision of end-of-life care or appropriate respiratory or nutritional support.Methods: Using the [hospital’s] database, records from 77 patients consulted consecutively in the MND clinic were obtained. Service parameters were compared against reference standards for diagnostic delay and treatment provision.Results: 84.4% of referrals came from neurologists outside of the MND service, with only 13% from general practitioners. On average, it took 14.7 months for patients to be seen in the MND clinic following symptom onset. Riluzole and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) were prescribed faster in bulbar-onset versus limb-onset patients, by 4 times and 9 times respectively. End-of-life care discussion was recorded for 26% of patients.Conclusion: Diagnosing MND remains challenging for primary care physicians, which may be alleviated by disseminating recent Red Flag Committee guidelines. Investigation and treatment provision differed between MND subtypes, given the poorer prognosis associated with bulbar-onset. End-of-life care documentation remains low, which is an issue for the multi-disciplinary team (MDT) to resolve through incorporating palliative services.
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Sánchez-Díaz, Germán, Francisco Escobar, Hannah Badland, Greta Arias-Merino, Manuel Posada de la Paz, and Verónica Alonso-Ferreira. "Geographic Analysis of Motor Neuron Disease Mortality and Heavy Metals Released to Rivers in Spain." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11 (November 11, 2018): 2522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112522.

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The etiology of motor neuron disease (MND) is still unknown. The aims of this study were to: (1) analyze MND mortality at a fine-grained level; and (2) explore associations of MND and heavy metals released into Spanish river basins. MND deaths were extracted from the Spanish nationwide mortality registry (2007–2016). Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for MND were estimated at a municipal level. Sites that emitted quantities of heavy metals above the regulatory thresholds were obtained from the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register database (2007–2015). The relative risks for non-exposed and exposed municipalities (considering a downstream 20 km river section) by type of heavy metal were analyzed using a log-linear model. SMRs were significantly higher in central and northern municipalities. SMRs were 1.14 (1.10–1.17) higher in areas exposed to heavy metals than in non-exposed areas: 0.95 (0.92–0.96). Considering the different metals, we found the following increased MND death risks in exposed areas: 20.9% higher risk for lead, 20.0% for zinc, 16.7% for arsenic, 15.7% for chromium, 15.4% for cadmium, 12.7% for copper, and 12.4% for mercury. This study provides associations between MND death risk and heavy metals in exposed municipalities. Further studies investigating heavy metal exposure are needed to progress in MND understanding.
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19

Mei, Xue W., Judith Burchardt, Tom A. Ranger, Christopher J. McDermott, Aleksandar Radunovic, Carol Coupland, and Julia Hippisley-Cox. "Identifying key signs of motor neurone disease in primary care: a nested case–control study using the QResearch database." BMJ Open 12, no. 6 (June 2022): e058383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058383.

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ObjectiveTo confirm the symptoms and signs for motor neuron disease (MND) in the Red Flag tool; to quantify the extent to which the key symptoms and signs are associated with MND; and to identify additional factors which may be helpful within the primary care setting in recognition of possible MND and triggering timely referral to neurology specialists.DesignA nested case–control study.Setting1292 UK general practices contributing to the QResearch primary care database, linked to hospital and mortality data.ParticipantsBaseline cohort included 16.8 million individuals aged 18 years and over without a diagnosis of MND at study entry and with more than 3 years of digitalised information available. The nested case–control data set comprised of 6437 cases of MND diagnosed between January 1998 and December 2019, matched by year of birth, gender, general practice and calendar year to 62 003 controls.Main outcome measuresClinically recognised symptoms and signs of MND prior to diagnosis and symptoms and factors which are relevant in primary care setting.ResultsThis study identified 17 signs and symptoms that were independently associated with MND diagnosis in a multivariable analysis. Of these, seven were new to the Red Flag tool: ataxia, dysphasia, weight loss, wheeze, hoarseness of voice, urinary incontinence and constipation. Among those from the Red Flag tool, dysarthria had the strongest association with subsequent MND (adjusted OR (aOR): 43.2 (95% CI 36.0 to 52.0)) followed by muscle fasciculations (aOR: 40.2 (95% CI 25.6 to 63.1)) and muscle wasting (aOR: 31.0 (95% CI 19.5 to 49.4)). Additionally, the associations between MND diagnosis and family history, dropped foot, focal weakness and sialorrhoea remained robust after controlling for confounders. Patients who reported symptoms indicative of damage to the lower brainstem and its connections were diagnosed sooner than those who presented with respiratory or cognitive signs.ConclusionThis is the first study that has identified, confirmed and quantified the association of key symptoms and signs with MND diagnosis. In addition to known factors, the study has identified the following new factors to be independently associated with MND prior to diagnosis: ataxia, dysphasia, wheeze and hoarseness of voice. These findings may be used to improve risk stratification and earlier detection of MND in primary care.
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McHutchison, Caroline A., Danielle Jane Leighton, Andrew McIntosh, Elaine Cleary, Jon Warner, Mary Porteous, Siddharthan Chandran, Suvankar Pal, and Sharon Abrahams. "Relationship between neuropsychiatric disorders and cognitive and behavioural change in MND." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 91, no. 3 (December 23, 2019): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2019-321737.

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ObjectiveIn this population-based study, we aimed to determine whether neuropsychiatric history, medication or family history of neuropsychiatric disorders predicted cognitive and/or behavioural impairment in motor neuron disease (MND).MethodsPeople with MND (pwMND) on the Scottish Clinical, Audit, Research and Evaluation of MND (CARE-MND) register, diagnosed from January 2015 to January 2018, with cognitive and/or behavioural data measured using the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen were included. Data were extracted on patient neuropsychiatric, medication and family history of neuropsychiatric disorders. We identified patients with cognitive impairment (motor neuron disease with cognitive impairment (MNDci)), behavioural impairment (motor neuron disease with behavioural impairment (MNDbi), both (motor neuron disease with cognitive and behavioural impairment (MNDcbi)) or motor neuron disease–frontotemporal dementia (MND-FTD).ResultsData were available for 305 pwMND (mean age at diagnosis=62.26 years, SD=11.40), of which 60 (19.7%) had a neuropsychiatric disorder. A family history of neuropsychiatric disorders was present in 36/231 (15.58%) of patients. Patient premorbid mood disorders were associated with increased apathy (OR=2.78, 95% CI 1.083 to 7.169). A family history of any neuropsychiatric disorder was associated with poorer visuospatial scores, MNDbi (OR=3.14, 95% CI 1.09 to 8.99) and MND-FTD (OR=5.08, 95% CI 1.26 to 20.40). A family history of mood disorders was associated with poorer overall cognition (exp(b)=0.725, p=0.026), language, verbal fluency and visuospatial scores, and MND-FTD (OR=7.57, 95% CI 1.55 to 46.87). A family history of neurotic disorders was associated with poorer language (exp(b)=0.362, p<0.001), visuospatial scores (exp(b)=0.625, p<0.009) and MND-FTD (OR=13.75, 95% CI 1.71 to 110.86).ConclusionNeuropsychiatric disorders in patients and their families are associated with cognitive and behavioural changes post-MND diagnosis, with many occurring independently of MND-FTD and C9orf72 status. These findings support an overlap between MND, frontotemporal dementia and neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly mood disorders.
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Gandhi, Ashish Chhaganlal, Rajakar Selvam, Chia-Liang Cheng, and Sheng Yun Wu. "Room Temperature Magnetic Memory Effect in Nanodiamond/γ-Fe2O3 Composites." Nanomaterials 11, no. 3 (March 7, 2021): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11030648.

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We report a room temperature magnetic memory effect (RT-MME) from magnetic nanodiamond (MND) (ND)/γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposites. The detailed crystal structural analysis of the diluted MND was performed by synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction, revealing the composite nature of MND having 99 and 1% weight fraction ND and γ-Fe2O3 phases, respectively. The magnetic measurements carried out using a DC SQUID magnetometer show the non-interacting superparamagnetic nature of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in MND have a wide distribution in the blocking temperature. Using different temperature, field, and time relaxation protocols, the memory phenomenon in the DC magnetization has been observed at room temperature (RT). These findings suggest that the dynamics of MND are governed by a wide distribution of particle relaxation times, which arise from the distribution of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticle size. The observed RT ferromagnetism coupled with MME in MND will find potential applications in ND-based spintronics.
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Long, Zhe (Jill), Muireann Irish, David Foxe, John Hodges, Olivier Piguet, and James Burrell. "016 One disease or three: is frontotemporal dementia – motor neuron disease a distinct entity?" Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 90, e7 (July 2019): A6.2—A6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2019-anzan.16.

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IntroductionFrontotemporal dementia-motor neuron disease (FTD-MND) is diagnosed when patients meet criteria for the diagnosis of both FTD and MND, but the mode presentation of this disorder is currently unknown. This study aimed to compare the mode of presentation, and profiles of behavioural and language disturbances, of FTD-MND with that of other FTD phenotypes using a data-driven approach.Methods31 FTD-MND, 119 bvFTD, 47 PNFA, 42 SD patients and 127 controls underwent comprehensive clinical, neuropsychological and neuroimaging assessments. Z-transformed scores were used to compare the severity of behavioural and language domains in each disease group. Two-step cluster analysis profiled patient subgroups. Voxel-based morphometry investigated differential patterns of cortical atrophy between groups.ResultsOverall, FTD-MND patients presented with behavioural or language disturbances less frequently than FTD phenotypes, but mixed behavioural-language presentations were more common. FTD-MND patients demonstrated less severe disinhibition, apathy and semantic deficits relative to bvFTD and SD respectively.Behavioural and language deficits were of comparable severity in FTD-MND, unlike other FTD phenotypes where behaviour was worse than language (bvFTD) or language worse than behaviour (PNFA, SD).In cluster analysis, FTD-MND patients were evenly distributed across three subgroups designated as ‘mild mixed’, ‘language dominant’ and ‘behavioural dominant’. Relative to the ‘mild mixed’ group, ‘language dominant’ patients demonstarted more atrophy of the anterior temporal lobe and peri-insular regions, while ‘behavioural dominant’ patients displayed more prefrontal atrophy.ConclusionFTD-MND does not present as a uniform syndrome. Rather, there may be at least three subgroups that demonstrate distinctive cognitive, behavioural, and neuroanatomical characteristics.
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Messer, Ben, Alison Armstrong, Thomas Doris, and Tim Williams. "Requested withdrawal of mechanical ventilation in six patients with motor neuron disease." BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care 10, no. 1 (April 3, 2019): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2017-001464.

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ObjectivesMechanical ventilation (MV) has been shown to improve survival and quality of life in motor neuron disease (MND). However, during the progression of MND, there may come a point when MV is no longer felt appropriate. Association of Palliative Medicine Guidelines have been recently published to help clinicians withdraw MV at the request of patients with MND in a safe and compassionate manner to ensure that symptoms of distress and dyspnoea are minimised.MethodsIn this report, we discuss the palliative and ventilatory management of six ventilator-dependent patients with MND who had requested the withdrawal of MV as part of their end-of-life care.ResultsWe have withdrawn MV from six patients with MND at their request and our practice has been influenced by the Association of Palliative Medicine Guidelines.ConclusionWithdrawal of MV in MND at a patient’s request is challenging but is also a fundamental responsibility of healthcare teams. We discuss the lessons we have learnt which will influence our practice and help other teams in the future.
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Chancellor, A. M., A. Hendry, F. I. Caird, C. P. Warlow, and A. I. Weir. "Motor Neuron Disease: A Disease of Old Age." Scottish Medical Journal 38, no. 6 (December 1993): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003693309303800606.

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There is little information dealing specifically with motor neuron disease (MND) in the elderly. Given current epidemiological trends, geriatricians will be increasingly called upon to diagnose and manage this condition. We report four patients who presented within a six month period to a geriatric medical unit, and place this experience in the perspective of 229 patients from a population-based study of adult-onset MND in Scotland in 1989 and 1990. In 1990 Scotland had a crude annual incidence of MND of 2.25/100,000; the figure for those over 65 is four times greater. MND is more common in men, but the sex ratio was nearly equal over the age of 65. The risk of presenting with bulbar palsy was greater in women, and even higher in elderly women. This, together with increasing age, is the most important negative prognostic factor in MND. Problems with the diagnosis and management of MND in the elderly are highlighted.
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Sørensen, Trine Toft, Erzsébet Horváth-Puhó, Mette Nørgaard, Vera Ehrenstein, and Victor W. Henderson. "Risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other motor neuron disease among men with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a population-based cohort study." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (July 2019): e030015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030015.

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ObjectivesAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Sleep disturbance may interfere with clearance of abnormal proteins that aggregate in neurodegenerative diseases. The objective of this study was to examine the association between benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a common disorder causing nocturia and sleep disturbance, and risk of ALS and other motor neuron disease (MND). We hypothesised that men with BPH, in comparison to men in the general population, would be at increased risk.DesignThis is a nationwide, population-based cohort study.SettingThis study was conducted among the population of Denmark.ParticipantsWe used linked Danish medical databases to identify all men with a first-time diagnosis of BPH between 1 January 1980 and 30 November 2013 and no prior diagnosis of MND (BPH cohort, n=223 131) and an age-matched general population comparison cohort of men without BPH or MND (n=1 115 642).Primary outcome measureThe primary outcome is diagnosis of MND after the BPH diagnosis (index) date, with follow-up until MND diagnosis, emigration, death or 30 November 2013.ResultsWe used Cox regression to compute adjusted HR, comparing men with and without BPH. After 34 years of follow-up, there were 227 cases of MND in the BPH cohort (incidence rate 0.13/1000 person-years) and 1094 MND cases in the comparison cohort (0.12/1000 person-years; HR 1.05, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.22). Risk did not vary by follow-up time.ConclusionsBPH is not associated with an increased risk of ALS and other MND. Future studies should examine the relation between other disorders that disrupt sleep and MND risk in men and women.
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Paynter, Camille, Susan Mathers, Heidi Gregory, Adam P. Vogel, and Madeline Cruice. "Using the Concept of Health Literacy to Understand How People Living with Motor Neurone Disease and Carers Engage in Healthcare: A Longitudinal Qualitative Study." Healthcare 10, no. 8 (July 24, 2022): 1371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10081371.

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The growing body of information-seeking and decision-making literature in motor neurone disease (MND) has not yet explored the impact of health literacy. Health literacy relates to the skills people have to access, understand, and use health information and is influenced by motivation to engage with healthcare. We aimed to better understand how people affected by MND engage in healthcare by examining longitudinal interview data using the construct of health literacy. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 persons living with MND and 15 carers recruited from a specialist MND clinic using maximum variation sampling. Transcripts were deductively coded using a framework of health literacy behaviours. The analysis used a matrix-based approach for thematic analysis of longitudinal data. People living with MND and carers sought nuanced information dependent on their priorities and attitudes. Information uptake was influenced by perceived relevancy and changed over time. Time allowed opportunity to reflect on and understand the significance of information provided. The findings indicate that persons living with MND and carers benefit when information and consultations are adapted to meet their communication needs. The results highlight the potential benefits of gaining an early understanding of and accommodating the communication needs, personal preferences, and emotional readiness for information for persons living with MND and their carers.
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Mori, Takahisa, Kazuhiro Yoshioka, and Yuichi Miyazaki. "Pre-Stroke Statin Use Is Associated with Mild Neurological Deficits at the Onset of Acute Ischemic Stroke." Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 9, no. 11 (November 16, 2022): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcdd9110396.

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Pre-stroke statin use reduces infarct size. Therefore, this retrospective study aimed to investigate whether pre-stroke statin use is associated with mild neurological deficits (mND) at the onset of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We included patients with AIS admitted to our institution within 24 h of stroke onset between 2011 and 2019. We collected data on age, sex, pre-stroke use of statins, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, the serum biomarker levels, and stroke subtypes at admission. In addition, we defined mND as an NIHSS score ≤3 points. We conducted a logistic regression analysis using variables for pre-stroke statin initiation, calculated the propensity scores for pre-stroke statin use, and implemented propensity score matching (PSM). Finally, we used the McNemar test to evaluate whether pre-stroke statin administration significantly affected mND. Of 4370 patients, 2615 met our inclusion criteria. Among the 594 patients with pre-stroke statin use, 308 presented with mND. After PSM, 555 patients received pre-stroke statin treatment, while 286 patients with pre-stroke statin use presented with mND at admission (p = 0.0411). The binary matched pairs contingency table of mND was not symmetrical (p = 0.0385). Pre-stroke statin use is thus associated with mND at the onset of AIS.
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McHutchison, Caroline. "Research in brief: Symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders in people living with ALS and their family members." PsyPag Quarterly 1, no. 109 (December 2018): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpspag.2018.1.109.32.

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Changes in behaviour are common in Motor Neurone Disease (MND) with up to 15 per cent meeting criteria for frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Higher rates of neuropsychiatric disorders have been found in both MND patients and their family members suggesting a possible overlap between MND, FTD and neuropsychiatric disorders. In this preliminary analysis, we found generally low rates of neuropsychiatric disorders in MND patients and their family members, consistent with healthy controls (HC) and their family members. Future research aims to examine associations between neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognitive and behavioural changes.
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Verheul, A. Jeroen, Carlos B. Mantilla, Wen-Zhi Zhan, Miguel Bernal, P. N. Richard Dekhuijzen, and Gary C. Sieck. "Influence of corticosteroids on myonuclear domain size in the rat diaphragm muscle." Journal of Applied Physiology 97, no. 5 (November 2004): 1715–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00625.2003.

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Skeletal muscle fibers are multinucleated. Each myonucleus regulates gene products and protein expression in only a restricted portion of the muscle fiber, the myonuclear domain (MND). In the rat diaphragm muscle (DIAm), corticosteroid (CoS) treatment causes atrophy of fibers containing myosin heavy chain (MHC): MHC2X and/or MHC2B. We hypothesized that DIAm fiber MND size is maintained during CoS-induced atrophy. Adult male rats received methylprednisolone for 11 days at 1 (CoS-Low, n = 8) or 8 mg·kg−1·day−1 (CoS-High, n = 8). Age-matched (CTL-AgeM, n = 8), sham-operated (SHAM-AgeM, n = 8), and weight-matched (CTL-WtM, n = 8) animals served as controls. In single DIAm fibers, cross-sectional area (CSA), MND size, and MHC expression were determined. Fiber CSA and MND size were similar in CTL-AgeM and SHAM-AgeM groups. Only fibers containing MHCslow or MHC2A displayed smaller CSA in CTL-WtM than in CTL-AgeM and SHAM-AgeM groups, and MND size was reduced in all fibers. Thus fibers containing MHCslow and MHC2A maintain the number of myonuclei, whereas MHC2X or MHC2B fibers show loss of myonuclei during normal muscle growth. Both CoS groups displayed smaller CSA and MND size than CTL-AgeM and SHAM-AgeM groups. However, compared with CTL-WtM DIAm fibers, only fibers containing MHC2X or MHC2B displayed reduced CSA and MND size after CoS treatment. Thus little, if any, loss of myonuclei was associated with CoS-induced atrophy of MHC2X or MHC2B DIAm fibers. In summary, MND size does not appear to be regulated during CoS-induced DIAm atrophy.
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Zhao, Jing, Claire H. Stevens, Andrew W. Boyd, Lezanne Ooi, and Perry F. Bartlett. "Role of EphA4 in Mediating Motor Neuron Death in MND." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17 (August 30, 2021): 9430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179430.

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Motor neuron disease (MND) comprises a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases with no effective cure. As progressive motor neuron cell death is one of pathological characteristics of MND, molecules which protect these cells are attractive therapeutic targets. Accumulating evidence indicates that EphA4 activation is involved in MND pathogenesis, and inhibition of EphA4 improves functional outcomes. However, the underlying mechanism of EphA4’s function in MND is unclear. In this review, we first present results to demonstrate that EphA4 signalling acts directly on motor neurons to cause cell death. We then review the three most likely mechanisms underlying this effect.
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Pickering-Brown, Stuart, and John Hardy. "IsSIGMAR1a confirmed FTD/MND gene?" Brain 138, no. 11 (June 18, 2015): e393-e393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awv173.

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Sittampalam, Mara, and Oliver Hanemann. "CLINICAL MORVAN'S AND ELECTRICAL MND." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 85, no. 10 (September 9, 2014): e4.96-e4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2014-309236.185.

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Holmes, David. "Neil Platt: life with MND." Lancet 382, no. 9889 (July 2013): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61624-4.

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Swash, Michael. "Early diagnosis of ALS/MND." Journal of the Neurological Sciences 160 (October 1998): S33—S36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-510x(98)00215-9.

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Manera, Valeria, Guenda Galperti, Erika Rovini, Radia Zeghari, Gianmaria Mancioppi, Laura Fiorini, Auriane Gros, Aurélie Mouton, Philippe Robert, and Filippo Cavallo. "Grasping Social Apathy: The Role of Reach-To-Grasp Action Kinematics for the Assessment of Social Apathy in Mild Neurocognitive Disorders." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 81, no. 2 (May 18, 2021): 569–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-200966.

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Background: Social apathy, a reduction in initiative in proposing or engaging in social activities or interactions, is common in mild neurocognitive disorders (MND). Current apathy assessment relies on self-reports or clinical scales, but growing attention is devoted to defining more objective, measurable and non-invasive apathy proxies. Objective: In the present study we investigated the interest of recording action kinematics in a social reach-to-grasp task for the assessment of social apathy. Methods: Thirty participants took part in the study: 11 healthy controls (HC; 6 females, mean age = 68.3±10.5 years) and 19 subjects with MND (13 females, mean age = 75.7±6.3 years). Based on the Diagnostic Criteria for Apathy, MND subjects were classified as socially apathetic (A-MND, N = 9) versus non-apathetic (NA-MND, N = 10). SensRing, a ring-shaped wearable sensor, was placed on their index finger, and subjects were asked to reach and grasp a can to place it into a cup (individual condition) and pass it to a partner (social condition). Results: In the reach-to-grasp phase of the action, HC and NA-MND showed different acceleration and velocity profiles in the social versus individual condition. No differences were found for A-MND. Conclusion: Previous studies showed the interest of recording patients’ level of weekly motor activity for apathy assessment. Here we showed that a 10-min reach-to-grasp task may provide information to differentiate socially apathetic and non-apathetic subjects with MND, thus providing a tool easily usable in the clinical practice. Future studies with a bigger sample are needed to better characterize these findings.
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Galic, Maja, Aleksandra Mikov, Slobodan Sekulic, Aleksandar Kopitovic, and Ivana Pericin-Starcevic. "Minor neurological dysfunction in children aged 5 to 7." Vojnosanitetski pregled 75, no. 8 (2018): 815–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp160629389g.

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Background/Aim. Assessment of minor neurological dysfunction (MND) provides information about a child's neurological condition which helps to identify the vulnerability of the child to the development of motor impairment, difficulties in learning or behavioral disorders. The aim of this study was to determine differences in the prevalence of MND in children from the general population with respect to age (5 and 6 years old) and sex. Methods. The examination was carried out in a preschool institution in the city of Novi Sad, Serbia. The total sample included 120 children divided into two groups according to age: 60 children aged 5 (group A) and 60 children aged 6 years (group B). The children were recruited at three randomly selected kindergartens and approximately equal sex representation, randomly selected as well. The testing was done by the Touwen's test, modified by Hadders-Algra. The results were classified into three groups: the absence of MND, presence of simple MND (presence of one or two domains of dysfunction) and the presence of complex MND (presence of at least three domains of dysfunction). Results. Sixtyseven children out of 120 (55.8%) had a normal neurological condition, while 53 (44.2%) showed MND [49 (40.8%) simple, and 4 (3.4%) complex]. MND occurred more frequently in the youngest age group than in the older children (57% vs. 32%; p = 0.01). MND was also more frequent in boys than in girls, but this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion. Our results show the importance of testing children at preschool age in order to detect potential neurological vulnerability and timely begin with the appropriate therapy.
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Helleman, Jochem, Esther T. Kruitwagen-van Reenen, J. Bakers, Willeke J. Kruithof, Annerieke C. van Groenestijn, Rineke J. H. Jaspers Focks, Arthur de Grund, Leonard H. van den Berg, Johanna M. A. Visser-Meily, and Anita Beelen. "Using patient-reported symptoms of dyspnea for screening reduced respiratory function in patients with motor neuron diseases." Journal of Neurology 267, no. 11 (June 23, 2020): 3310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-10003-5.

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Abstract Background Poor monitoring of respiratory function may lead to late initiation of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in patients with motor neuron diseases (MND). Monitoring could be improved by remotely assessing hypoventilation symptoms between clinic visits. We aimed to determine which patient-reported hypoventilation symptoms are best for screening reduced respiratory function in patients with MND, and compared them to the respiratory domain of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale (ALSFRS-R). Methods This prospective multi-center study included 100 patients with MND, who were able to perform a supine vital capacity test. Reduced respiratory function was defined as a predicted supine vital capacity ≤ 80%. We developed a 14-item hypoventilation symptom questionnaire (HYSQ) based on guidelines, expert opinion and think-aloud interviews with patients. Symptoms of the HYSQ were related to dyspnea, sleep quality, sleepiness/fatigue and pneumonia. The diagnostic performances of these symptoms and the ALSFRS-R respiratory domain were determined from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and accuracy. Results Dyspnea-related symptoms (dyspnea while eating/talking, while lying flat and during light activity) were combined into the MND Dyspnea Scale (MND-DS). ROC curves showed that the MND-DS had the best diagnostic performance, with the highest AUC = 0.72, sensitivity = 75% and accuracy = 71%. Sleep-quality symptoms, sleepiness/fatigue-related symptoms and the ALSFRS-R respiratory domain showed weak diagnostic performance. Conclusion The diagnostic performance of the MND-DS was better than the respiratory domain of the ALSFRS-R for screening reduced respiratory function in patients with MND, and is, therefore, the preferred method for (remotely) monitoring respiratory function.
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Harris, Denise A. "Lived-through past, experienced present, anticipated future: Understanding “existential loss” in the context of life-limiting illness." Palliative and Supportive Care 13, no. 6 (June 11, 2015): 1579–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951515000620.

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ABSTRACTObjective:Motor Neurone Disease (MND) is a rare, devastating neurodegenerative disease of middle/later life, usually presenting in the sixth and seventh decades (McDermot & Shaw, 2008). People have to wait many months to receive a diagnosis of MND (Donaghy et al., 2008), and during this period they have already experienced the degenerative nature that characterizes MND (Bolmsjö, 2001). However, information on the meaning of life with MND through time is limited. The aim of the present research was to answer the research question “What does it mean to be a person living through the illness trajectory of MND?” and to research the phenomenon of existence when given a diagnosis of MND and in the context of receiving healthcare.Method:Hermeneutic phenomenology, inspired by the philosophers Heidegger and Gadamer, informed the methodological approach employed, which asked people to tell their story from when they first thought something untoward was happening to them. The hermeneutic analysis involved a five-stage process in order to understand (interpret) the lifeworld1 of four people diagnosed with MND, and a lifeworld perspective helped to make sense of the meaning of existence when given a terminal diagnosis of MND.Results:The concept of “existential loss” identified in relation to MND was the loss of past ways of being-in-the-world, and the loss of embodiment, spatiality, and the future.Significance of results:The concept of existential loss requires closer attention by healthcare professionals from the time of diagnosis and on through the illness trajectory. The study findings are conceptualized into a framework, which when used as a clinical tool may prompt healthcare professionals to focus on their patients' existential loss and existential concerns. This research adds to the existing literature calling for a lifeworld approach to healthcare.
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Christides, Alexander, Alexander Symonds, Micheala Johnson, Emily Beswick, Judith Newton, Siddharthan Chandran, Suvankar Pal, and CARE-MND Consortium. "172 Impact of age on interventions and survival in people with motor neuron disease in Scotland." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 93, no. 9 (August 12, 2022): e2.131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2022-abn2.216.

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IntroductionMotor neuron disease (MND) is rapidly progressive and largely fatal. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines (2016) outline best practice for symptomatic interventions including riluzole, gastrostomy, and non-invasive ventilation (NIV). We aimed to investigate the impact of age on interventions and survival in MND using data from the Scottish MND register (CARE-MND), hypothesising these factors may be impacted by increasing age.MethodsWe interrogated the CARE-MND database for incident cases in Scotland diagnosed between 01-Jan-2015 to 31-Dec-2020. Survival was compared in different age cohorts using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test. Management was compared in different age cohorts using Chi-squared test.Results828 individuals were included (median age at diagnosis 68.7 years (interquartile range 61.4-76.1)). We investigated age cohorts of <40, 40-60, 60-80, and >80 years. Median survival from diagnosis in each cohort was 24 months, 18 months, 11 months, and 4.5 months respectively (p<0.001). Riluzole, NIV and gastrostomy were implemented least in the oldest group (p<0.05).ConclusionsOur data supports reduced survival of MND with increasing age, together with lower rates of riluzole prescribing, NIV use, and gastrostomy insertion, and offer insights into how care may be optimised in line with national guidelines.
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Pinto, Cathryn, Adam W. A. Geraghty, Lucy Yardley, and Laura Dennison. "Emotional distress and well-being among people with motor neurone disease (MND) and their family caregivers: a qualitative interview study." BMJ Open 11, no. 8 (August 2021): e044724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044724.

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ObjectiveWe aimed to get an in-depth understanding of the emotions experienced by people with motor neurone disease (MND) and their caregivers, and to explore what impacts emotional distress and well-being.DesignQualitative study using semi-structured interviews with people with MND and caregivers.SettingParticipants were recruited from across the UK and took part in interviews conducted either face to face, by telephone or email to accommodate for varying levels of disability.Participants25 people with MND and 10 caregivers took part. Participants were purposively sampled based on their MND diagnosis, symptoms and time since diagnosis.Data analysisData were analysed using inductive reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsEight broad themes were generated (20 subthemes). Participants described the emotional distress of losing physical function and having a threatened future because of poor prognosis. Keeping up with constant changes in symptoms and feeling unsupported by the healthcare system added to emotional distress. Finding hope and positivity, exerting some control, being kinder to oneself and experiencing support from others were helpful strategies for emotional well-being.ConclusionThe study provides a broad understanding of what impacts emotional distress and well-being and discusses implications for psychological interventions for people with MND and caregivers. Any communication and support provided for people with MND and their caregivers, needs to pay attention to concepts of hope, control and compassion.
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Harris, Denise Andrea, Kirsten Jack, and Christopher Wibberley. "Making her end of life her own: further reflections on supporting a loved one with motor neurone disease." International Journal of Palliative Nursing 25, no. 6 (June 2, 2019): 284–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijpn.2019.25.6.284.

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Background: People can live for many months without knowing why their body is failing prematurely before being diagnosed with motor neurone disease (MND); a terminal neurodegenerative disease which can be experienced as ‘devastating’ for the person and their family. Aim: This study aimed to explore the meaning of supporting a loved one with MND to die. Methods: This study uses reflection and autobiographical story to connect with broader cultural, political and social meaning and understandings of dying. Findings: Four themes were identified relating to the end-of-life trajectory of MND. Loss of person (lived body experienced in silence); loss of relationships (lived relations are challenged); loss of home and loss of time (lived space and lived time take on new meaning); loss of future (dying—facing it alone). Conclusion: Dying with MND is a complex phenomenon. When a person can no longer move and communicate, relationships between those involved in end-of-life care are challenging. A person with MND needs the support from those acting as power of attorney to make their end of life their own, and they themselves need support to find meaning in their suffering. This autoethnographic reflection provides vicarious experiences for nurses and other healthcare professionals working with people with MND and similar conditions.
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Bobade, Shweta Shivaling, Mahesh Somnath Mali, and Komal Dattatray Pol. "A Review on Effect of Physical Activity as an Exogenous Factor and Cognitive Change in Motor Neuron Disease." International Journal of Research and Review 9, no. 7 (July 19, 2022): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220714.

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Motor neuron disease (MND) is a terrible neurodegenerative illness with a poor prognosis and significant impairment. Despite recent advances in symptomatic care, there are few medicines that can affect survival. However, a better understanding of the underlying etiology would substantially aid the task of finding effective treatments. In the etiology of MND, many potential external risk factors have been hypothesized as part of a gene-environment interaction. Following reports of a greater than predicted incidence of MND in professional athletes, there has been an increasing interest in the role of intensive physical exercise in the development of the disease. Current hypotheses about the cellular and genetic causes of MND also support this conclusion. Epidemiological evidence, on the other hand, is contradictory and inconclusive. FTD/motor neuron disease is the name given to a motor neuronopathy that complicates frontotemporal dementia (FTD) (MND). FTD is marked by severe personality changes, abnormal social behavior, and executive difficulties caused by frontal and temporal neocortical atrophy. Bulbar palsy and limb amyotrophy are symptoms of motor neuron disease. Micro vacuolation of the cerebral cortex is the most common histological alteration, along with atrophy of the bulbar neurons and anterior horn cells of the spinal cord. Large pyramidal cortical neurons, surviving cranial nerve nuclei, and anterior horn cells all have ubiquitinated inclusion bodies. Evidence is accumulating that some patients with classical MND/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) who are not regarded to be demented show frontal executive function abnormalities. Moreover, frontal lobe abnormalities have been demonstrated by neuroimaging. Keywords: MND, FTD, ALS, motor neuron, behavior, physical activity, cognitive change.
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Gleeson, Aoife, and Faye Johnson. "Assisted ventilation in motor neurone disease during inpatient palliative care: barriers and utilisation." BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care 10, no. 3 (February 2, 2019): 358–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2018-001672.

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ObjectivesAn increasing number of patients with motor neuron disease (MND) in the UK and Ireland use assisted ventilation, and a small proportion of these use long-term tracheostomy ventilation (TV).1 2 NICE guidelines recommend that patients with MND should routinely receive specialist palliative care input.3 The aim was to establish the extent to which hospices and specialist palliative care units (SPCUs) in the UK and Ireland currently manage patients with MND using assisted ventilation especially TV and to identify any associated barriers.MethodsA 25-item questionnaire was developed in Survey Monkey. A link to the questionnaire was emailed to every medical director (n=185) of inpatient hospices/SPCUs in the UK and Ireland.ResultsThe response rate was 42.4% (n=78). 97.4% of units admit patients with MND on non-invasive ventilation (NIV), but only 28.2% admit those using TV. 80.8% of units have adequate expertise in the management of NIV, compared with 7.7% for managing TV. 35.9% and 2.6% of units have a policy for managing patients using NIV and TV, respectively. 14.1% respondents had been involved in the care of patients with MND using TV, in the specialist palliative care setting in the last 5 years.ConclusionsA minority of UK and Irish hospices/SPUs provide support to TV MND patients and few units currently have management or admission policies for this cohort of patients. Respondents indicated a lack of appropriate expertise and experience. Further exploration of these barriers is required to establish how to optimise care for TV MND patients in this setting.
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Beswick, Emily, Stella A. Glasmacher, Rachel Dakin, Judith Newton, Alan Carson, Sharon Abrahams, Siddharthan Chandran, and Suvankar Pal. "Prospective observational cohort study of factors influencing trial participation in people with motor neuron disease (FIT-participation-MND): a protocol." BMJ Open 11, no. 3 (March 2021): e044996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044996.

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IntroductionMotor neuron disease (MND) is a rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder with limited treatment options. The Motor Neuron Disease Systematic Multi-Arm Randomised Adaptive Trial (MND-SMART) is a multisite UK trial seeking to address the paucity in effective disease-modifying drugs for people with MND (pwMND). Historically, neurological trials have been plagued by suboptimal recruitment and high rates of attrition. Failure to recruit and/or retain participants can cause insufficiently representative samples, terminated trials or invalid conclusions. This study investigates patient-specific factors affecting recruitment and retention of pwMND to MND-SMART. Improved understanding of these factors may improve trial protocol design, optimise recruitment and retention.Methods and analysisPwMND on the Scottish MND Register, Clinical Audit Research and Evaluation of MND (CARE-MND), will be invited to participate in a prospective observational cohort study that investigates factors affecting trial participation and attrition. We hypothesise that patient-specific factors will significantly affect trial recruitment and retention. Participants will complete the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, 9-Item Patient Health Questionnaire and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Form Y to evaluate neuropsychiatric symptoms, the ALS-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire-Brief Form and Centre for Disease Control and Prevention-Health-Related Quality of Life for quality of life and a novel study-specific questionnaire on Attitudes towards Clinical Trial Participation (ACT-Q). Clinical data on phenotype, cognition (Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen) and physical functioning (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised) will also be collated. Caregivers will complete the Brief Dimensional Apathy Scale. After 12 months, a data request to MND-SMART will evaluate recruitment and retention. Descriptive statistics will summarise and compare assessments and participants reaching impairment thresholds. Variable groupings: attitudes, quality of life, cognition, behaviour, physical functioning, neuropsychiatric and phenotype. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression will explore association with participation/withdrawal in MND-SMART; presented as ORs and 95% CIs.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was provided by the West of Scotland Research Ethics Committee 3 (20/WS/0067) on 12 May 2020. The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal, presented at academic conferences and disseminated to participants and the public.
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Harris, Rodney, and Wendy Abrams. "The International Alliance of ALS/MND AssociationsUnited In The World Wide Fight Against ALS/MND." Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Disorders 4, no. 4 (December 2003): 214–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14660820310016057.

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Rocha, Antonio José da, Renato Hoffmann Nunes, and Antonio Carlos Martins Maia Jr. "Dementia in motor neuron disease: reviewing the role of MRI in diagnosis." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 9, no. 4 (December 2015): 369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642015dn94000369.

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ABSTRACT The superimposed clinical features of motor neuron disease (MND) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) comprise a distinct, yet not fully understood, neurological overlap syndrome whose clinicopathological basis has recently been reviewed. Here, we present a review of the clinical, pathological and genetic basis of MND-FTD and the role of MRI in its diagnosis. In doing so, we discuss current techniques that depict the involvement of the selective corticospinal tract (CST) and temporal lobe in MND-FTD.
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47

Silva, Kaohana Thais, Eleonor Alvaro Garbin Junior, Natasha Magro‑Ernica, Geraldo Luiz LUIZ Griza, and Flavio Henrique Silveira Tomazi. "Mediastinite necrosante descendente após exodontia de terceiros molares." Revista da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Sorocaba 19, no. 4 (January 29, 2018): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/1984-4840.2017v19i4a12.

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A mediastinite necrosante descendente (MND) é um processo infeccioso agudo oriundo de complicações de infecções cervicais ou odontogênicas. Relatos antigos na literatura revelam até 50% de taxa de mortalidade — atualmente, na era da antibioticoterapia, esse índice decresceu. Contudo, devido à potencial gravidade da condição, o quadro pode ainda evoluir para sepse e morte. O presente trabalho objetivou relatar um caso clínico e revisar a literatura científica sobre a MND oriunda após exodontias. Paciente de 21 anos apresentou infecção odontogênica após exodontia dos elementos 38 e 48 com evolução para MND, que, mesmo após intervenção cirúrgica invasiva e antibioticoterapia, resultou em óbito. Concluise que a MND é uma condição grave para a qual é imprescindível o tratamento adequado imediato, uma vez que suas complicações resultam, muitas vezes, em óbito do paciente.
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48

Yin, Junling, Min Peng, and Weiying Lin. "Tracking lysosomal polarity variation in inflamed, obese, and cancer mice guided by a fluorescence sensing strategy." Chemical Communications 55, no. 74 (2019): 11063–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc04739e.

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The probe MND-Lys firstly achieved sensing the intrinsic polarity variance in embryos and adult zebrafish. Besides discriminating tumors from normal ones, MND-Lys also enabled firstly tracing polarity changes in inflammatory and obese mice.
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49

Chopra, Mansi, Anwesha Lahiri, Priyanshu Rastogi, Arti Bhanot, Anjani Bakshi, Pulkit Mathur, Gomathi Ramaswamy, et al. "Interrelations Between School-Based Services, Dietary Intake and Micronutrient Deficiencies Among School-Going Children and Adolescents Aged 5–19 Years in India." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa067_013.

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Abstract Objectives India is home to 119 million children (CH; 5–9 y) and 253 million adolescents (AD; 10–19 y), a majority of whom suffer from multiple micronutrient deficiencies (MND). Given high school enrolment levels in India (90% of CH and 75% of AD) schools are a good platform for services and behavior change interventions targeted toward this age group. We sought to analyze the prevalence and predictors of MND in school going CH and AD in India. Methods Data from India's Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey 2016–18 were analyzed separately for CH aged 5–9 y (n = 10,640), AD aged 10–14 y (n = 5390) and AD aged 15–19 y (n = 3693). Serum/plasma concentrations of ferritin, retinol, B12, erythrocyte folate, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, zinc and C-reactive protein were measured. We assessed the weighted prevalence of each MND using established WHO cutoffs, after adjusting ferritin and retinol for inflammation. Primary predictors of MND were dietary intake and access to school services. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine associations between these factors and each MND, controlling for socio-demography (sex, residence, wealth quintile, ethnicity, parental education, siblings) and hygiene-sanitation services. Results The top three micronutrient deficiencies were folate (29%), vitamin A (22%), vitamin D (19%) among CH and folate (38%), zinc and B12 (31% each) in AD. One or more MND affected 69% of CH and 83% of AD. In CH, deworming was associated with reduced odds of folate deficiency (AOR and 95% CI: 0.80, 0.68–0.94) and health camps were associated with vitamin A deficiency (0.68, 0.51–0.91). In AD 10–14y, receipt of free school meals had lower odds of B12 deficiency (0.66, 0.49–0.88). In AD 15–19y, health camps were inversely associated with vitamin D deficiency (0.69, 0.51–0.95). CH and AD who consumed green leafy vegetables, pulses and fruits daily had reduced odds of iron, folate or vitamin D deficiencies (AORs: 0.58–0.81). Consumption of fish, chicken or meat (≥2 times/week) was associated with lower odds of almost all MND in CH (AORs: 0.39–0.75), and of iron and B12 deficiencies in AD (AORs: 0.42–0.66). Conclusions Most CH and AD in India suffer from multiple MND. Improving diet quality through school meals and strengthening school-based health services may contribute to MND reductions in this population. Funding Sources UNICEF, POSHAN.
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50

Vasilyeva, E. Yu, Yu V. Karacheva, A. P. Puzyr, and V. S. Bondar. "Therapeutic effect of explosive-synthesis nanodiamonds in cobalt-induced dermatitis." Siberian Medical Review 4 (2022): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20333/25000136-2022-4-109-113.

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The aim of the research. To evaluate the therapeutic eff ect of modifi ed nanodiamonds (MND) of explosive synthesis for treatment of allergic contact dermatitis induced by cobalt ions. Material and methods. Th e study was performed on guinea pigs. Th e animals were divided into 3 groups (6 animals in each group). Allergic contact dermatitis was initiated using 2% aqueous solution of cobalt nitrate applied to the animals’ skin for 14 days according to the common procedure. For allergic contact dermatitis treatment, glycerol and MND suspension with the nanoparticle concentration of 5g · l-1 prepared in glycerol were used. MND with high colloidal stability in water suspensions and the average nanoparticle cluster size of d50 = 50nm was used in the work. Th e animals of group I were controls: aft er allergic contact dermatitis development, their skin was not treated by any means for 7 days. Th e animals in groups II and III were experimental: aft er allergic contact dermatitis initiation, their skin was treated for 7 days using glycerol and MND suspension, respectively. Upon experiment completion, biopsy of skin sample was performed on all animals for histological and spectral examination. The content of cobalt in skin samples was determined through atomic adsorption spectroscopy. Results. The results of histological and morphometric analysis indicate that, in the case with dermatitis modelled in guinea pigs using cobalt ions, treatment of the animals’ skin with MND suspension reduces allergic inflammation intensity. Th e therapeutic effect of MND is caused by adsorption of cobalt ions onto nanoparticles and their subsequent elimination from the skin, which complies with the atomic adsorption spectroscopy data. Conclusion. Th e prospects of MND as a new therapeutic agent for binding and elimination of chemical allergens (particularly, cobalt ions inducing the allergic contact dermatitis development) are discussed.
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