Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'MND'
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Mutton, Simon Philip. "Catalytic cascades applied to MND inhibitors." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493612.
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Lloyd, Catherine Margaret. "Aspects of cortical function in motor neurone disease." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243835.
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Hanley, Bridget. "Loss and transcendence in couples living with MND : an interpretative phenomenological analysis." Thesis, Edge Hill University, 2012. http://repository.edgehill.ac.uk/6168/.
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The aim of this qualitative study was to explore couples’ experiences of living with MND (MND). Previous research has not focussed on the experiences of both people with the disease and their partners, but tended to look at each separately. In examining the experiences of both side by side and reflecting on each other, the aim of this study was to explore an overlooked aspect of the experience of living with MND and make an original type of contribution to the extant literature. Method Most previous research into MND has relied upon quantitative methods. The study used a qualitative method and collected two types of data. The longitudinal case study comprised analysis of one couple’s journal of their experiences of MND, spanning the period of one year, from the diagnosis to death of the individual with the disease. It also incorporated a narrative interview of the couple. Narrative interviews were also carried out with 12 couples. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to analyse the data. Results From the analysis utilizing Interpretative Phenomenology, themes were derived from the data. The super-ordinate themes of altered body, diminishing self, altered temporality and transcending embodiment were established, with many subordinate themes deriving from these. The study reveals that although couples experienced significant physical deterioration and emotional and social losses, they developed new understandings of themselves and each other, in relation to the abstractions time and embodiment, which enabled them to cope with living with the disease. Conclusion The study suggests that living with MND can be understood as something individuals with the disease and their partners respond to in ways that intimately link them together. The study proposes that couples may be better supported by psychological services and considers how this might occur.
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Wicks, Paul Jon Andrew. "The profile of cognitive, behehavioural and emotional change within MND [motor neurone disease]." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430936.
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Yip, J. "Harnessing the heat shock response as a therapeutic approach in models of MND." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1356296/.
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is an untreatable and fatal neurodegenerative disease that leads to muscle atrophy, paralysis of voluntary muscles and death. ALS is characterized by the selective degeneration of upper and lower motoneurons in the spinal cord, brain stem and motor cortex. The maJority of ALS cases are sporadic, whereas 10 - 20Z of cases have a genetic component and are familial. The causes for most cases of ALS are unknown and the clinical course is highly variable, suggesting that multiple factors underlie the disease mechanism. Recent experimental evidence has illustrated that selective motoneurons degeneration in ALS does not arise solely within motoneurons. The involvement of non-neuronal cells, such as astrocytes, in the pathogenesis of ALS have recently been shown with convincing data supporting the hypothesis of non-cell autonomous mechanism in which motoneuron degenerations is influenced by the toxicity of non-neuronal cells surrounding the motoneurons. In view of this crucial interaction between astrocytes and motoneurons and the implication of astrocytes in ALS disease progression, the role of astrocytes will be examined. An in vitro approach is employed in order to examine the role of mutant SOD1 protein expression in primary astrocyte cells. Motoneurons have an unusually high threshold for induction of heat shock proteins (Hsps), which may contribute to their susceptibility in ALS compared to astrocytes. Thus by increasing the heat shock response (HSR), the cytoprotective mechanism in astrocytes, as a result of up-regulation of Hsp expression within these cells, is a potential therapeutic target. This neuroprotective effect of manipulating the HSR system is investigated in vitro in SOD1G93A transgenic mice. Furthermore, characterization of astrocytes was also carried out in vivo of the cortex and spinal cord in SOD1G93A transgenic mice. Finally, the effect of co- inducing the HSR system in astrocytes by pharmacological manipulation is assessed. The data of the present study clearly indicate that expression of mutant SOD1 protein in astrocytes causes a stress response, and successful manipulation of the increased HSR system in primary astrocytes causes an increase in primary motoneurons survival. Thus targeting the HSR in astrocytes in proximity of motoneurons may be a successful therapeutic approach by circumventing motoneuron degenerations in ALS.
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Jones, Ross Alexander. "Comparative anatomy of the human neuromuscular junction." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29629.
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The neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the synapse formed between lower motor neuron and skeletal muscle fibre, is known to be a target in a number of neurodegenerative conditions, including motor neuron disease (MND). Located in an accessible part of the peripheral nervous system, the NMJ can be used as a ‘model synapse’ in the context of ‘connectomics’ – the study of synaptic connectivity throughout the nervous system as a whole. Although the NMJ has been studied in a number of species, relatively little is known about its structure in humans, complicating the translation of animal models of disease to the human condition. Described here is the first detailed cellular and molecular characterization of the human NMJ. A standardized methodology for comparative morphometric analysis of NMJs was developed and validated (‘NMJ-morph’). NMJ-morph was used to generate baseline data for 2160 NMJs from a single litter of wild type mice, representing 9 distinct muscles across 3 body regions. Principal components analysis (PCA) revealed synaptic size and fragmentation to be the key determinants of synaptic variability. Correlation data revealed the pre-synaptic cell (motor neuron) to be a stronger predictor of synaptic morphology than the post-synaptic cell (muscle fibre). Other factors influencing synaptic variability were in a clear hierarchy: muscle identity accounted for more variation in synaptic form than animal identity, with side having no effect. Human tissue was obtained from 20 patients (aged 34 to 92 years) undergoing lower limb amputation, primarily for the complications of peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Muscle samples were harvested from non-pathological regions of the surgical discard tissue. 2860 human NMJs were analyzed from 4 distinct muscles (extensor digitorum longus, soleus, peroneus longus and peroneus brevis), and compared with equivalent NMJs from wild type mice. Human NMJs displayed unique morphological characteristics, including small size, thin axons, rudimentary nerve terminals and distinctive ‘nummular’ endplates, all of which distinguished them from equivalent mouse NMJs. The previous notion of partial occupancy in human NMJs was disproved. As in mice, the pre-synaptic cell was shown to correlate more strongly with NMJ morphology; in contrast to mice, the human NMJ was found to be relatively stable throughout its 90+ year lifespan. In support of the tissue harvesting procedure, patient co-morbidities (diabetes mellitus and vascular disease) did not significantly impact NMJ morphology. Super-resolution imaging of the NMJ revealed significant differences in the functional architecture of human and mouse active zones. Despite the smaller synaptic size in humans, the total quantity of active zone material was conserved between the species, suggesting a homeostatic mechanism to preserve effective neurotransmission. Parallel proteomic profiling demonstrated further species-specific differences in the broader molecular composition of the NMJ. The cellular and molecular anatomy of the human NMJ is fundamentally different to that of other mammalian species. These differences must be taken into account when translating animal models of disease to the human condition.
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Maekawa, Satomi. "MND as a multisystem disorder : quantitative studies on selective vulnerability, cellular and molecular pathology." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430860.
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Watermeyer, Tamlyn Julie. "Emotional processing and social cognition in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)/Motor Neuron Disease (MND)." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/emotional-processing-and-social-cognition-in-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-als--motor-neuron-disease-mnd(e3552e39-2127-40a8-8035-357b66edd75d).html.
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a debilitating and life–limiting neurodegenerative disorder that causes progressive muscle atrophy and spasticity. A small proportion of ALS patients experience co–morbid Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD). Milder cognitive–behavioural changes have been noted in ALS patients without dementia. In these patients, deficits in executive functioning, language, memory and behaviour have been documented. Recently, changes to emotional processing and social cognition (EMOSOC) in ALS have also been reported, albeit with inconsistent findings. The primary aims of the current thesis were i) to delineate the nature and extent of changes in EMOSOC in ALS and ii) to determine the relationship between such changes and interindividual differences in mood, behaviour, personality, empathy and ALS–related executive dysfunction. The results of the study indicate a profile of predominant executive dysfunction, with relative sparing of EMOSOC in non–demented ALS patients. However, the ALS patients did show impaired performance on a task requiring the attribution of thoughts and feelings to characters from cartoons and vignettes. ALS patients’ performance on EMOSOC tasks was predicted by their performance on tests of executive function, above and beyond mood, behaviour, personality and empathy variables. As a secondary aim, the impact of patients’ cognitive and behavioural changes on ALS caregivers’ outcomes (mood, perceived strain, burden and marital satisfaction) were examined. The data indicated patients’ behavioural dysfunction and functional impairment as key predictors of caregivers’ outcomes. Exploratory analyses revealed differences between patients’ and caregivers’ perceptions of patients’ personality, empathy and behaviour; these differences were associated with caregiver outcomes. In summary, the current thesis characterises the profile of EMOSOC changes in non–demented ALS and highlights the role of ALS–related executive dysfunction in these changes. It also assesses the relative impact of patients’ disease, cognitive and behavioural changes on ALS caregivers.
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Rewaj, Phillipa Jane. "Nature of language impairment in motor neurone disease." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9744.
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Background: Language impairment associated with Motor Neurone Disease (MND) has been documented since the late 19th century, yet little is understood about the pervasiveness or nature of these deficits. The common clinical view among healthcare professionals is that communication difficulties can be attributed solely to the motor speech disorder dysarthria. Recent literature raises the possibility of more central processing deficits. Impairments in naming ability and comprehension of complex grammatical constructs have been frequently reported in some patients with MND. However, there is now growing evidence of spelling impairment, which could suggest the contribution of a more phonologically based deficit. In addition, the close relationship between MND and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) raises questions about the connection between the language impairments seen in MND patients and those documented in patients with the primary progressive aphasia (PPA) syndromes associated with FTD. Aims: This thesis examines the nature of speech and language deficits in people with MND and the extent to which expressive communication impairment can occur above and beyond dysarthria. In particular, the study explores: i) to what extent these language impairments can be attributed to deficits in working memory, executive functioning and/or disease severity; ii) what spelling errors can reveal about the integrity of lexical, phonological and orthographic processing; iii) whether similar patterns of impairment can be seen in PPA syndromes; iv) the relationship between language impairment and bulbar onset; and v) the impact these findings have on clinical management of MND patients. Methods: MND patients from across Scotland with changes in speech and/or language were tested using a neuropsychological battery of experimental and standardised tests of naming, spelling, syntactic comprehension, prosody and phonological and orthographical awareness. Patients were also screened for levels of dysarthria, executive functioning and working memory deficits, and results compared to those of matched controls. Findings: As a group, MND participants performed significantly worse than matched controls on measures of naming, spelling, orthographical awareness, grammatical comprehension, affective prosody and verbal fluency, but not working memory. However, based on patterns of individual impairment, of which spelling impairment formed a distinctive marker, the patient group divided into dichotomous subgroups, with 44% of participants categorised as ‘linguistically impaired’, while the remainder displayed little to no impairment. Those participants identified as linguistically impaired did not differ significantly from other MND participants on measures of disease severity, disease duration or dysarthria severity, although significantly more bulbar onset than limb onset participants were linguistically impaired. Spelling error patterns were suggestive of deficits at both a lexical and sublexical level, and were comparable to those reported in PPA literature. These findings suggest that dysarthria may be masking linguistic deficits in almost half of dysarthric MND patients, and highlight the importance of multidimensional assessment of language for effective clinical management.
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Carina, Engström, Ludvig Fogelström, and Granbom Julia. "ALS-En livsförändring i vardagen : -En litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för omvårdnad, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-39580.
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Syfte: Att beskriva närståendes upplevelser av att leva med en person med ALS. Metod: En litteraturöversikt med kvalitativ metod och en induktiv ansats. Resultat: Sjukdomen ALS är ovanlig och de som drabbas av den är i stort behov av omvårdnad. Närstående till en anhörig som har fått diagnosen ALS, upplever att vårdpersonalen har kunskapsbrist angående sjukdomen och vårdandet. De upplever bristande information om sjukdomens förlopp. Egentiden tas ifrån dem, sådant som förr togs förgivet läggs istället åt sidan, då all fokus ligger på den anhöriges omvårdnad. Slutsats: Närstående väljer ofta att vårda den anhöriga i hemmet, trots det snabba sjukdomsförloppet. Vårdandet av den anhöriga leder till känslomässiga påfrestningar hos de närstående, både psykiska och fysiska.Purpose: To describe next of kin experiences of living with person with ALS. Method: A literature review with qualitative method and an inductive approach. Result: The disease ALS is unusual and those who suffer from it are in great need of nursing. The next of kin those who has been diagnosed with ALS, find that healthcare professionals have a lack of knowledge regarding the disease and care. They experience insufficient information about the course of the disease. The true time is taken away from them, as was previously taking for granted, instead being put aside, as all focus is on the patient's nursing. Conclusion: Next of kin often choose to care for their relatives in spite of the progress of the ilness. The care of the relatives leads to emotional stresses of the related, both mental and physical.
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Brown-Wright, Sian Heledd. "Investigating metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) as a novel therapeutic target in motor neuron disease (MND)." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22583/.
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Hall, C. E. "Using VCP mutant hiPSC-derived motor neurons and glia to capture early molecular pathogenic events in MND." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1522407/.
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Motor neuron disease (MND) is rapidly progressive and invariably fatal, and with no significantly impactful therapies available to date there is desperate and unmet clinical need. Recent discoveries in the underlying pathology and genetics of MND suggest that altered proteostasis, RNA regulation and glial contribution play key roles in molecular pathogenesis. I have used a combination of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) models and functional genomic technologies to characterize early pathogenic events in VCP-related MND. I hypothesize that the early pathogenic events in MND differ during the differentiation of motor neurons and astrocytes; therefore I first generated enriched populations of both motor neurons (MNs) and astrocytes (ACs) from control and VCP mutant patient iPSCs. Next to understand if changes in RNA regulation contribute to pathogenic events in VCP-related MND, I carried out a temporal analysis using RNA sequencing (RNAseq) of control and VCP mutant iPSCs neural derivatives. Additionally, I examined the results of this transcriptional study in light of collaborative live cell imaging experiments, performed across a matched time-course, that have uncovered cell-type specific organellar dysfunction in VCP mutant MNs. This paradigm importantly enabled us to discriminate primary from secondary pathogenic events in VCP-related MND. Further, after the onset of pathogenesis I also used individual nucleotide resolution UV cross linking with immunoprecipitation (iCLIP) to study RNA interactions of the candidate RNA-binding protein TDP43, which forms the pathological hallmark of MND. Together, this provides new insights into the earliest molecular pathogenic events in MND and has highlighted the contribution of both motor neurons and astrocytes. By identifying key disease mechanisms this study aims to guide future therapeutic strategy.
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Smith, Hayley-Jane. "The personal experience of carers of individuals with Motor Neurone Disease (MND) and their experiences of services." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1221/.
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This thesis consists of research and clinical components and is submitted as partial fulfilment of a doctorate degree in Clinical Psychology. Volume 1, the research component, comprises of a literature review, an empirical paper and a public domain paper. The systematic literature review looks at evidence linking attachment and caregiving in adult couples. The empirical paper explores the experiences of individuals with a partners diagnosed with Motor Neurone Disease (MND). Lastly, a public domain provides a summary of the empirical paper. Volume II, the clinical component, contains clinical practice reports conducted within placements from adult, child, learning disability older adult specialities. The first report contains a behavioural and systemic formulation of a 3 year-old who was referred as her mother was having difficulties managing her behaviour. The second report describes an evaluation of the Experiences of practitioners interpreting and delivering Triple P (Positive Parenting Programme) groups in South Asian Community languages. The third report presents a single case experimental design concerning a behavioural approach to challenging behaviour displayed by a 7-year old boy with learning disabilities and autism. The fourth report is a case study of a Cognitive Behavioural approach used with a man diagnosed with Persistent Paranoid Delusional Disorder. Finally, the fifth report is an abstract of an oral case presentation of a small-scale service related project around a multiple family therapy group for adolescents with anorexia nervosa.
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Palmieri, Arianna. "A neuropsychological and cognitive insight in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis / motor neuron disease." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425586.
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A neuropsychological and cognitive insight into motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (MND/ALS)
1) We evaluated cognitive functioning in 128 MND patients (vs 113 healthy controls), with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Dysfunctions were significantly present in 40% of cases (mainly for executive functioning and short-term memory); 7% of them showed clear frontal or fronto-temporal dementia (chapter 2).
2) Nine ALS patients (vs 10 healthy controls) underwent the fMRI study: significant differences were displayed in lateralized activation between patients and controls during the attentional task, both for unpleasant and for neutral word stimuli (statistically greater activation in right middle frontal gyrus for patients, greater activation for frontal, parietal and cerebellar areas in controls) and lower activation was shown in patients in the posterior cingulate during mnesic recall, for both unpleasant and neutral stimuli (chapter 3).
3) We validated an Italian version of a specific quality of life questionnaire for MND/ALS: the ALSAQ-40, psychometric reliability in terms of internal reliability, construct validity, test-retest reliability and face validity were evaluated on the basis of 76 patients’ responses. Correlation with functional and clinical measures are discussed in the text (chapter 4).
5) Similarly, we validated an Italian version of the ELQ, (a questionnaire for detecting emotional lability) on 41 MND patients and 39 respective caregivers (vs 39 healthy controls and 39 pseudo-caregivers). The lack of correlation with neuropsychological profile and correlations with psychopathological indices, both in patients and in caregivers, are described in the text (chapter 5).
5) The Rorschach test (according to Exner’s guidelines) was administred to 21 ALS patients with early onset, 21 with onset longer than two years and 21 myasthenic controls. Among the numerous findings obtained, suicidal ideation was significantly more present in the ALS group with a recent diagnosis compared to those with a more remote one (chapter 6).
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Clabburn, Oliver. "Investigating the use of digital legacies with people affected by Motor Neurone Disease (MND) : an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis." Thesis, Edge Hill University, 2018. http://repository.edgehill.ac.uk/10255/.
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Background: A video-based 'digital legacy' is a selection of videos which document a person's life, memories, achievements, or special family events. The videos are copied to a digital source to be specifically given to a child or young person to use in the future. A video-based digital legacy may either be purposefully recorded by the person living with MND (plwMND), or, compiled later by bereaved family members. To date, there is little published research about how children and young people are affected when a family member has MND and subsequently dies. As such, there is a dearth of literature on how to best support these young people. Objective: This research is investigating the views, perceptions and experiences of digital legacies with people affected by MND. Methods: The study is underpinned by Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) meaning a small homogeneous sample was required using purposive methods of recruitment. Interviews were conducted and audio recorded with four plwMND regarding their experiences of creating a purposeful digital legacy for a child or young person in their family. Interviews were also conducted with three bereaved young people regarding their experiences of using a video legacy of a parent who had died from MND. Also, a sample of twenty healthcare professionals, specialists and experts were interviewed from across the United Kingdom regarding their perceptions on the use of digital legacies with plwMND, and, young people who are bereaved. Ethics: Ethical approvals were obtained from a Faculty of Research Ethics Committee at Edge Hill University (FREC), the Health Research Authority (HRA), and the National Research Service for Scotland. Discussion: 'The Model of Reciprocal Bonds Formation' and coining of the term 'autobiographical chapter' has been developed from this study. Creating a digital legacy provides a number of mutual challenges and benefits for both plwMND, and bereaved young people. Recommendations are provided regarding i) optimal 'windows of opportunity' in which the digital legacy is recorded/used; ii) actionable solutions for current policy/practice; iii) future directions for research.
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O'Brien, Mary Rose. "Hopes, transitions and letting go : living with ALS/MND as documented in published and unpublished first-person illness narratives." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.538620.
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Mundheri, Mohammed H. al. "Approches globale et locale de la rupture fragile et ductile d'aciers faiblement alliés (16 MND 5) : influence de l'irradiation." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112113.
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Étude par approche globale de la rupture par clivage de l'acier forge à l'état irradie ou non. Détermination de la ténacité sur éprouvettes pré fissurées. Approche locale de ces résultats réalisée a partir des essais de rupture sur éprouvettes entaillées a l'état non irradie. Étude de la fragilité inter granulaire de revenu de l'acier forge et lamine. Dispersion des résultats de ténacité. Analyse de la rupture ductile sur trois matériaux: l'acier forge et lamine et une soudure. Influence de la température et de l'irradiation sur la ténacité au niveau ductile. Approche locale de la rupture réalisée à l'aide des essais de rupture sur éprouvettes entaillées. Comparaison avec l'approche globale
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Cristofani, R. M. "PROTEIN MISFOLDING IN KENNEDY¿S DISEASE AND IN RELATED MOTOR NEURON DISEASES (MNDS)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/339901.
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Motor neuron diseases, like spinobulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are characterized by the presence of inclusions or aggregates of proteinaceous materials. In SBMA, inclusions are formed by testosterone dependent aggregates of mutant androgen receptor (AR) with an elongated polyglutamine tract (ARpolyQ), while in ALS inclusions contain several aggregated proteins including TDP43, ubiquilin, optineurin. Exceptions are familial ALS forms linked to superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mutations, to mutated TDP43 and to C9ORF72 poly-dipeptides (DPRs), in which aggregates are mainly composed of mutant SOD1, mutant TDP43 or DPRs, respectively. In general, protein aggregation is due to generation of aberrant protein conformations (misfolding) combined to a failure, in neuronal cells, of the protein quality control (PQC) system, which may be insufficient to correctly remove the misfolded proteins. In other target tissue, such as the muscles, a different physiological PQC regulation may be helpful to remove misfolded proteins related to MNDs.
The PQC system requires the activities of chaperones, degradative systems ubiquitin- proteasome (UPS) and autophagy. After misfolded protein recognition by chaperones, the dynein motor complex plays a crucial role to efficiently remove these species via autophagy, transporting them to autophagosome and assisting autophagosome- lysosome fusion.
In this thesis, I have investigated the implications of protein misfolding in SBMA and in ALS. Taking advantage of a comparative analysis of misfolded proteins response in skeletal muscle and in spinal cord of SMBA mice, we proved that autophagy is dramatically perturbed in muscles. Indeed, we found the up-regulation of most autophagic markers (Beclin-1, ATG10, p62/SQSTM1, LC3). In addition, the chaperon small Heat Shock Protein B8 (HSPB8) and its co-chaperone BCL2-Associated Athanogene 3 (BAG3), required for autophagy, were robustly up-regulated together with other specific HSPB8 interactors (HSPB2 and HSPB3). Interestingly, the BAG3:BAG1 ratio, increased in muscle, suggesting preferential misfolded proteins routing to autophagy rather than to proteasome. Misfolded proteins, recognized by HSPB8-BAG3 complex, are actively transport by dynein to MTOC to be inserted in autophagosome and degraded by autophagy,
Then, we analysed the role of dynein mediate transport in the autophagic removal of misfolded proteins. In immortalized motoneuronal NSC34 cells, we found that the reduction of dynein protein levels, obtained using a specific siRNA, resulted in autophagy inhibition and in unexpected testosterone dependent ARpolyQ aggregates reduction. Also, we found that pharmacological dynein inhibition, with erythro-9-(2- Hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine hydrochloride (EHNA), in NSC34 cells expressing ARpolyQ, mutant SOD1, truncated TDP43 form or C9ORF72 DPRs, induced a great reduction of mutant protein aggregates, even in presence of an autophagy inhibitor (3-MA), but not of a proteasome inhibitor (MG132). By performing fractionation studies we found that EHNA increased the ARpolyQ levels in PBS and Triton-X100 fractions. Surprisingly, we found that ENHA effects were paralleled by an increased expression of BAG1, a co- chaperone which routes misfolded proteins to UPS, but not of BAG3 suggesting the prevalence of UPS functions. Indeed, when dynein activity was blocked, BAG3:BAG1 ratio was decreased, thus in favour of BAG1 expression, suggesting the involvement of the pro-degradative activity of BAG1 on ARpolyQ aggregates. Collectively, these data show that mutant ARpolyQ induces a potent autophagic response in muscle cells. This may be useful to evaluate the SBMA progression.
In parallel, dynein blockage perturbs autophagy and modifies the response of PQC system to misfolded protein. This results in reduced aggregation of MNDs-related misfolded proteins, a phenomenon that may occurs via an increase in their solubility and the induction of UPS functions.
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Chapman, Charlotte. "A qualitative study into the communication surrounding the initiation and withdrawal of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in people with Motor Neurone Disease." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2019. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2211.
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Introduction
Motor neurone disease (MND) is a degenerative disease that adversely affects the nervous system and muscular control. Eventually respiratory muscles weaken, causing breathing, communication and swallowing difficulties, and ultimately, respiratory failure and death. Improved quality of life and potentially a short extension of life can be provided with non-invasive ventilation (NIV), which is offered to people with MND when symptoms of respiratory distress become evident.
It is recommended that end-of-life communication, encompassing the benefits and burdens of symptom-relieving interventions (NIV and percutaneous gastrostomy tube to assist with nutrition), NIV withdrawal (proposed when continued use is considered futile) and other respiratory distress-relieving interventions (e.g., opioids), is initiated either before respiratory symptoms emerge or at that time. Little is known, however, about whether, when and how this communication occurs.
Methods
This qualitative research sought to address this gap in knowledge by determining the content and timing of end-of-life options clinicians communicate to people with MND and their families. Nineteen clinician participants and six families, all experienced with MND, were interviewed. Clinicians’ accounts of their communication were compared to bereaved families’ recollections of communication by clinicians. A framework incorporating patient-centred care principles and evidence-based medicine was used to link clinicians’ communication to the most recent MND guideline recommendations. The data collected were coded and categorised manually for each participant transcript and again using NVivo 10 software. Trustworthiness was established through independent coding of randomly selected participant interviews by one of the candidate’s supervisors. Symbolic interactionism and interpretive description provided the theoretical lens and methodology, respectively, through which the data were interpreted.
Findings
Despite the existence of comprehensive evidence-based guidelines reflecting international consensus, this research found some clinicians were unaware of the recommended timing and content of end-of-life communication, some chose to depart from or adapt the recommendations and some found the recommendations too difficult to implement. Clinicians stated they had insufficient time to communicate and reiterate the benefits and burdens of care options to ensure understanding. The recommendation to refer people with MND to palliative care soon after diagnosis was reported to happen infrequently. Clinicians stated that they felt discussion recommending early palliative care referral was confrontational for people with MND and their families; family participants confirmed this view.
Recommendations
Despite their ethos of patient-centred care, clinicians were concerned that early end-of-life communication would take away any hope the person with MND and their family may have. Consequently, many of the family participants appeared unprepared for the consequences of NIV, not having understood the potential of NIV withdrawal, with several turning to the Internet for answers. Compounding confusion was the disjointed nature of the care provided to people with MND often involving several health care providers.
This research recommends the establishment of a progressive interactive timeline, incorporating a case manager and reducing the number of external care providers particularly in the terminal phase of the disease.
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Wilson, Deborah. "Motor Neurone Disease : how do we manage? A study focusing on the experiences of people with MND and those involved in their care." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240975.
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Olofsson, Ljungholm Fia. "ALS patienters upplevelser av sjuksköterskans roll i omvårdnaden - Amyotrofisk lateralskleros : En Litteraturstudie." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för vård, arbetsliv och välfärd, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-14654.
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Amyotrofisk lateralskleros (ALS/MND) är en nervsjukdom som drabbar de motoriska nervcellerna vilket medför att muskler förtvinar. Symtom som förekommer är förlamning, tal-kommunikationssvårigheter, sväljsvårigheter, nedsatt tarmrörelse, andningsproblem och psykiska besvär. Sjukdomen medför stort omvårdnadsbehov. Öka kunskapen hos sjuksköterskor om ALS patienters behov är betydelsefullt för att förbättra den individanpassade och stödjande vården. Syftet Att beskriva ALS patienters upplevelser av sjuksköterskans roll i omvårdnaden. Metod: Litteraturstudie och granskning av tidigare publicerat material. Resultat: Teman och Subtema som framkommit är Sjuksköterskans förhållningssätt- informationsbrist, kommunikation och delaktighet. Symtom- lindring- fysiska symtom, psykiska besvär, livskvalité. Patient och anhöriga påtalar bristande information. Dålig kommunikation mellan sjuksköterska, den drabbades familj och övriga professioner. De fysiska symtomen som uppkommer är komplexa. De kräver ett stort omvårdnadsbehov samt symtomlindring för att minska lidande. Stöd och symtomlindring medför förbättrad livskvalité. Psykiska besvär uppkommer inte bara hos patienten utan även hos anhöriga. Diskussion: ALS/MND är en sjukdom som drabbar hela familjen och bidrar till en stor sorg samt minskad livskvalité. Sjuksköterskan ska fokusera på en patientcentrerad vård där patienten får vara delaktig i beslut som rör sjukdomen.
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Johansson, Monika, and Carina Thomsen. "Omvårdnad vid andningsproblematik och sväljproblematik hos ALS patienter." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Omvårdnad, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-4200.
Full textAbstract:
Amyotrofisk Lateral Skleros, ALS, är en neurologisk sjukdom vilken leder till att samtliga kroppens muskler förtvinas och dör. Då sjukdomen saknar bot blir all behandling symptomatisk och individuellt anpassad för varje enskild persons behov. I denna systematiska litteraturstudie har det sökts efter olika sätt att stötta denna patientgrupp då syftet att belysa hur vi som personal kan hjälpa och stötta personer med ALS relaterad dysfagi och andningsproblem till en så bra tillvaro som möjligt skulle belysas.Författarna har funnit att omvårdnaden sällan sätts i fokus. Det är istället de lösningar som tar bort symtomet som fått fokus i flertalet av de artiklar som granskats. Att hjälpa dessa personer till trygga och oberoende människor som kan fortsätta att leva istället för som många av artiklarna visade då det gjordes insatser som ledde till att personerna blev mer bundna till sina anhöriga och sina vårdare.
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Jost, Matthias [Verfasser], Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Graner, Gary [Akademischer Betreuer] Muehlbauer, and Sarah [Akademischer Betreuer] McKim. "Cloning of the plant development regulatory genes MANY NODED DWARF (MND) and LAXATUM-A (LAX-A) by taking advantage of an improved barley genomics infrastructure / Matthias Jost ; Andreas Graner, Gary Muehlbauer, Sarah McKim." Halle, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1116950944/34.
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Gopinath, Sumana. "Finding new genes causing motor neuron diseases." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1624.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Neurodegenerative disorders are a diverse group of disorders that affect specific subsets of neurons. Motor neuron diseases, neurodegenerative disorders of motor neurons, are seen commonly as sporadic cases and less frequently as familial disease forms. The familial forms show genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Clinically motor neuron diseases may be seen as rapidly progressive disorders like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS or slowly progressive disorders like hereditary motor neuropathies, HMN. The only proven causes for motor neuron diseases are gene mutations that lead to motor neuron degeneration in familial disease forms. Only some of these genes have been identified and have contributed greatly to our understanding of the neurobiology of familial and sporadic disease forms. Identification of additional disease causing genes would help enhance our knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying all forms of motor neuron disorders, which would lead to early diagnoses, effective prophylaxis and efficient therapies for these disorders. This study aimed to find gene mutations that cause rapid and slowly progressive familial motor neuron disorders in Australian families and to determine their relevance to sporadic forms of motor neuron disease. The familial forms of ALS show reduced disease penetrance, that is, not all gene mutation carriers manifest the disease. This study examines ALS penetrance in a group of Australian families. The most frequently observed mutations in ALS families are cytosolic superoxide dismutase/SOD1 gene mutations. In a collection of ALS families in our centre, families without the common SOD1 gene mutations were genotyped for other ALS genes and loci and studied using genetic linkage and haplotype analyses. Studies in a large Australian ALS family further confirmed genetic heterogeneity in non-SOD familial ALS, all known autosomal dominant ALS genes and chromosomal loci were excluded as cause of disease in this family. Such families can be studied further to identify additional disease genes and loci mapped in other ALS families. These families represent powerful resources for identification of additional ALS genes. Identifying the pathogenic genes in families with reduced disease penetrance may be more relevant to sporadic forms of disease. dHMN is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder predominantly affecting motor neurons. In a large Australian dHMN family, all the known dHMN genes and chromosomal loci were excluded as cause of disease. A genome wide microsatellite screen was performed in this family and genetic linkage was established to a novel 12.98 Mb locus on chromosome 7q34.2-q36. Candidate genes in this large interval will be screened based on their function and expression profile. Identification of a new dHMN locus provides the basis for future identification of a novel gene involved in motor neuron degeneration. Genes in dHMN have been shown to be pathogenic in ALS and Charcot Marie Tooth syndromes. The new locus for dHMN mapped in this project would lead to identification of a novel dHMN gene, which may elucidate the pathogenesis underlying a wide range of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Gopinath, Sumana. "Finding new genes causing motor neuron diseases." University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1624.
Full textAbstract:
Doctor of PhilosophyAbstract Neurodegenerative disorders are a diverse group of disorders that affect specific subsets of neurons. Motor neuron diseases, neurodegenerative disorders of motor neurons, are seen commonly as sporadic cases and less frequently as familial disease forms. The familial forms show genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Clinically motor neuron diseases may be seen as rapidly progressive disorders like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS or slowly progressive disorders like hereditary motor neuropathies, HMN. The only proven causes for motor neuron diseases are gene mutations that lead to motor neuron degeneration in familial disease forms. Only some of these genes have been identified and have contributed greatly to our understanding of the neurobiology of familial and sporadic disease forms. Identification of additional disease causing genes would help enhance our knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying all forms of motor neuron disorders, which would lead to early diagnoses, effective prophylaxis and efficient therapies for these disorders. This study aimed to find gene mutations that cause rapid and slowly progressive familial motor neuron disorders in Australian families and to determine their relevance to sporadic forms of motor neuron disease. The familial forms of ALS show reduced disease penetrance, that is, not all gene mutation carriers manifest the disease. This study examines ALS penetrance in a group of Australian families. The most frequently observed mutations in ALS families are cytosolic superoxide dismutase/SOD1 gene mutations. In a collection of ALS families in our centre, families without the common SOD1 gene mutations were genotyped for other ALS genes and loci and studied using genetic linkage and haplotype analyses. Studies in a large Australian ALS family further confirmed genetic heterogeneity in non-SOD familial ALS, all known autosomal dominant ALS genes and chromosomal loci were excluded as cause of disease in this family. Such families can be studied further to identify additional disease genes and loci mapped in other ALS families. These families represent powerful resources for identification of additional ALS genes. Identifying the pathogenic genes in families with reduced disease penetrance may be more relevant to sporadic forms of disease. dHMN is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder predominantly affecting motor neurons. In a large Australian dHMN family, all the known dHMN genes and chromosomal loci were excluded as cause of disease. A genome wide microsatellite screen was performed in this family and genetic linkage was established to a novel 12.98 Mb locus on chromosome 7q34.2-q36. Candidate genes in this large interval will be screened based on their function and expression profile. Identification of a new dHMN locus provides the basis for future identification of a novel gene involved in motor neuron degeneration. Genes in dHMN have been shown to be pathogenic in ALS and Charcot Marie Tooth syndromes. The new locus for dHMN mapped in this project would lead to identification of a novel dHMN gene, which may elucidate the pathogenesis underlying a wide range of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Tan, Vanessa. "Identification of biomarkers for MND, and understanding the potential role of the cyanotoxin BMAA in neurodegeneration Involvement of Quinolinic Acid in the Neuropathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Detection of the Cyanotoxins L-BMAA Uptake and Accumulation in Primary Neurons and Astrocytes." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS590.
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La Sclérose Latérale Amyotrophique (SLA) est une maladie neurodégénérative dévastatrice dont les causes sont inconnues et pour laquelle il n’existe aucun traitement ni marqueur spécifique. Dans ce contexte, nous avons étudié le rôle de la voie métabolique des kynurénines impliquée dans la production de métabolites neuroactifs qui peuvent être immunomodulateurs, neuroprotecteurs ou à l’inverse neurotoxiques. Dans une étude longitudinale du sérum de 66 patients atteints de SLA, nous avons évalué le profil de 10 métabolites de la voie des kynurénines par chromatographie HPLC et spectrographie GC/MS. Nous avons mis en évidence un profil métabolique, spécifique de la progression de la SLA, qui pourrait être utilisé comme biomarqueur pour suivre l’évolution de la maladie. En collaboration avec la clinique de la SLA de l’Université Macquarie de Sydney, nous avons constitué une banque d’échantillons de patients atteints de SLA et d’autres maladies neurodégénératives (Parkinson, Alzheimer) ce qui permettra de rechercher à plus grande échelle les facteurs responsables de l’étiologie et du décours de la SLA. Dans une seconde partie, nous avons évalué le potentiel neurotoxique de la (BMAA), une cyanotoxine dont la présence dans l’environnement est corrélée avec une incidence accrue de la SLA. A l’aide de modèles cellulaires permettant de modéliser des voies neuro-anatomiques in vitro. Nous avons démontré que la BMAA provoque une déstructuration des réseaux de neurones et mis en évidence la capacité de cette biotoxine, qui s’apparente à un acide aminé, de se propager de cellule à cellule et donc potentiellement de se disperser dans le système nerveux centralMotor Neuron Disease (MND) or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurological disease with no biological diagnostic markers, no effective treatment, and no cure. We investigate the immune related Kynurenine Pathway (KP) for a role in ALS. The production of neuroactive metabolites during the KP indicate that there is an overlap with the mechanisms of ALS, particularly with the neurotoxin quinolinic acid. Subsequently, we investigate the KP metabolome, analysing 10 metabolites using biochemical analyses including High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Using serum from a longitudinal cohort of 66 ALS patients, we establish a potential for KP metabolomics to be used a biomarker for ALS. To increase specificity and reliability of these results, in collaboration with Macquarie University Neurology, we established a Neurodegenerative Diseases Biobank to collect patient biological samples. These samples would facilitate future investigations into the mechanisms, genetics, biomarkers, and to detect the presence of toxic compounds such as metals, or β-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA). We describe the establishment of the biobank as a case study for future references. BMAA is known to be neurotoxic, and we investigate its role ALS. We reveal its role in promoting axonal degeneration and neuronal death, and show for the first time, its ability to spread transcellularly
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Ridall, Peter Gareth. "Bayesian Latent Variable Models for Biostatistical Applications." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16164/1/Peter_Ridall_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis we develop several kinds of latent variable models in order to address
three types of bio-statistical problem. The three problems are the treatment
effect of carcinogens on tumour development, spatial interactions between plant
species and motor unit number estimation (MUNE). The three types of data looked at are: highly heterogeneous longitudinal count data, quadrat counts of species on a rectangular lattice and lastly, electrophysiological data consisting
of measurements of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) area and amplitude.
Chapter 1 sets out the structure and the development of ideas presented
in this thesis from the point of view of: model structure, model selection, and
efficiency of estimation. Chapter 2 is an introduction to the relevant literature
that has in influenced the development of this thesis. In Chapter 3 we use the EM
algorithm for an application of an autoregressive hidden Markov model to describe
longitudinal counts. The data is collected from experiments to test the
effect of carcinogens on tumour growth in mice. Here we develop forward and
backward recursions for calculating the likelihood and for estimation. Chapter 4
is the analysis of a similar kind of data using a more sophisticated model, incorporating
random effects, but estimation this time is conducted from the Bayesian
perspective. Bayesian model selection is also explored. In Chapter 5 we move
to the two dimensional lattice and construct a model for describing the spatial
interaction of tree types. We also compare the merits of directed and undirected
graphical models for describing the hidden lattice. Chapter 6 is the application
of a Bayesian hierarchical model (MUNE), where the latent variable this time is
multivariate Gaussian and dependent on a covariate, the stimulus. Model selection
is carried out using the Bayes Information Criterion (BIC). In Chapter 7 we
approach the same problem by using the reversible jump methodology (Green,
1995) where this time we use a dual Gaussian-Binary representation of the latent
data. We conclude in Chapter 8 with suggestions for the direction of new
work. In this thesis, all of the estimation carried out on real data has only been
performed once we have been satisfied that estimation is able to retrieve the parameters
from simulated data.
Keywords: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), carcinogens, hidden Markov
models (HMM), latent variable models, longitudinal data analysis, motor unit
disease (MND), partially ordered Markov models (POMMs), the pseudo auto-
logistic model, reversible jump, spatial interactions.
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Ridall, Peter Gareth. "Bayesian Latent Variable Models for Biostatistical Applications." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16164/.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis we develop several kinds of latent variable models in order to address three types of bio-statistical problem. The three problems are the treatment effect of carcinogens on tumour development, spatial interactions between plant species and motor unit number estimation (MUNE). The three types of data looked at are: highly heterogeneous longitudinal count data, quadrat counts of species on a rectangular lattice and lastly, electrophysiological data consisting of measurements of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) area and amplitude. Chapter 1 sets out the structure and the development of ideas presented in this thesis from the point of view of: model structure, model selection, and efficiency of estimation. Chapter 2 is an introduction to the relevant literature that has in influenced the development of this thesis. In Chapter 3 we use the EM algorithm for an application of an autoregressive hidden Markov model to describe longitudinal counts. The data is collected from experiments to test the effect of carcinogens on tumour growth in mice. Here we develop forward and backward recursions for calculating the likelihood and for estimation. Chapter 4 is the analysis of a similar kind of data using a more sophisticated model, incorporating random effects, but estimation this time is conducted from the Bayesian perspective. Bayesian model selection is also explored. In Chapter 5 we move to the two dimensional lattice and construct a model for describing the spatial interaction of tree types. We also compare the merits of directed and undirected graphical models for describing the hidden lattice. Chapter 6 is the application of a Bayesian hierarchical model (MUNE), where the latent variable this time is multivariate Gaussian and dependent on a covariate, the stimulus. Model selection is carried out using the Bayes Information Criterion (BIC). In Chapter 7 we approach the same problem by using the reversible jump methodology (Green, 1995) where this time we use a dual Gaussian-Binary representation of the latent data. We conclude in Chapter 8 with suggestions for the direction of new work. In this thesis, all of the estimation carried out on real data has only been performed once we have been satisfied that estimation is able to retrieve the parameters from simulated data. Keywords: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), carcinogens, hidden Markov models (HMM), latent variable models, longitudinal data analysis, motor unit disease (MND), partially ordered Markov models (POMMs), the pseudo auto- logistic model, reversible jump, spatial interactions.
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Zhang, Xuekai. "The role of chaperone proteins in neurodegenerative diseases." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-role-of-chaperone-proteins-in-neurodegenerative-diseases(850af92d-8f30-4e7b-8f6e-1fd9c434dc96).html.
Full textAbstract:
Many neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the accumulation of misfolded proteins that often share common morphological and biochemical features, and can similarly co-localize with several other proteins, including various chaperone proteins. Chaperone proteins, like heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and clusterin, have been implicated as potent modulators of misfolded proteins, thus may play important roles in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The present study aims to investigate their roles in the pathogenesis of Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Motor neuron disease (MND) by determining their distribution and amount via immunohistochemical staining and western blotting in diseased and control subjects.There were distinct patterns of HSP27 and clusterin immunostaining in different brain regions. For HSP27, patients with AD and FTLD were in general more severely affected than were patients with MND and control subjects. For clusterin, patients with AD and FTLD were more severely affected than control subjects where neurons and glial cells were concerned, while patients with AD and control subjects were more severely affected than those with FTLD where diffuse and cored plaques were concerned. However, there were no obvious differences in the pattern of HO-1 immunostaining in various brain regions in patients with AD or FTLD relative to control subjects. Moreover, there was no association between HSP27, HO-1 and clusterin with disease or histological type, and the ‘classic’ neuropathological changes in FTLD, AD and MND were not immunoreactive to any of these proteins. There were significant correlations between the degrees of HO-1 and clusterin immunostaining in many brain areas for both AD and FTLD cases, and for all cases overall, but none between HSP27 and clusterin or HSP27 and HO-1. Present results suggest an involvement with ongoing cellular stress, misfolded or unfolded protein accumulation or the deficits/failure of other relevant protein quality control systems, in the pathogenesis of these neurodegenerative diseases. Present work may therefore have implications for the further development of ideas concerning the cause or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases where there is aberrant accumulation of misfolded, aggregated protein, and perhaps for conformational diseases in general. However, there are still many issues remain to be elucidated. Further research aimed at understanding the function and mechanisms of the chaperone system, and other protein quality control mechanisms, in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is still needed.
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Smrčková, Michaela. "Konkurenční výhody nadnárodních společností." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-7510.
Full textAbstract:
Tato práce odpovídá na otázky, proč vznikly nadnárodní společnosti a proč se jim tak daří. Základní teorie vzniku a chování nadnárodních společností v souvislosti se změnami globálního ekonomického prostředí vysvětlují motivy investic v zahraničí. Konkurenční výhody nadnárodních společností oproti národním podnikům spočívají v jejich know-how, možnosti podnikat ve více zemích a v jejich ekonomické síle. Tato práce dále uvádí, jaké jsou možnosti regulace činnosti nadnárodních společností tak, aby byly minimalizovány negativní aspekty a zdůrazněny pozitivní aspekty jejich působení.
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Bergsten, Johanna, and Kristina Korths-Aspegren. "Effekter av mind-body-terapier hos personer med typ 2-diabetes." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-16022.
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Bakgrund: Typ 2-diabetes är en sjukdom som i ökar Sverige. En viktig uppgift som sjuksköterskan har är att motivera patienter med typ 2-diabetes till livsstilsförändringar vad gäller kost, motion, rökavvänjning och stresshantering och får dessutom skriva ut fysisk aktivitet på recept. Intresset för komplementär och alternativ medicin (KAM) ökar i västvärlden. Syfte: Syftet med föreliggande studie var att belysa möjliga effekter av yoga, tai chi och qigong på ett urval objektiva och subjektiva parametrar hos vuxna personer med eller med risk för typ 2-diabetes. Metod: Litteraturöversikt, baserad på 17 vetenskapliga studier. En innehållsanalys gjordes för att sammanställa materialet och studera likheter och skillnader. Resultat: Yoga, tai chi och qigong hade i vissa fall positiva effekter på parametrarna blodglykos, lipider, kroppsmått, blodtryck, fysiskt och psykiskt välbefinnande, vitalitet, stresshantering, och motivation för egenvård. Diskussion: Att ställa de olika studiernas resultat mot varandra var inte möjligt på grund av att de skiljde sig från varandra vad gäller urval, design och intervention. Då dessa mind-body-terapier ej är vetenskapligt bevisade får de inte rekommenderas av sjuksköterskor. Dock åligger det sjuksköterskor enligt Socialstyrelsens kompetensbeskrivning att inspirera till dialog om införande av ny kunskap. Slutsats: Innan rekommendationer kan ges bör effekten av de olika teknikerna undersökas närmare.
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Sandahl, Erica. "Otillåten insiderhandel : Förändringar på rättsområdet med anledning av MAR och MAD." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-58379.
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Stojilovic, Nenad. "Interaction of gases with Zr(0001) and Zircaloy-4 surfaces under ultra-high vacuum conditions." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1132677151.
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Bellasi, A. "THE IMPACT OF PHOSPHOROUS CONTROL IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) PATIENTS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/331206.
Full textAbstract:
Chronic Kidney Disease Mineral Bone (CKD-MBD) disorder is associated with a significant morbidity and mortality. In vitro and animal models suggest that phosphorous, calcium, parathyroid hormone and vitamin D abnormalities mediate the cardiovascular and bone diseases that characterize CKD-MBD and increase the risk of death. Currently, mineral abnormalities are corrected through phosphorous restriction, phosphate binders, calcimimetics and vitamin D administration. Nonetheless, data in humans that support the use of these compounds are still scanty, mainly based on observational studies. Thus, a considerable number of doubts and questions still challenge clinicians dealing with CKD patients and mineral metabolism imbalances. We herein critically review clinical evidence that support the use of different drugs in CKD-MBD and present recent data on the clinical relevance of phsophorous control in CKD patients.
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Foede, Mark. "Chronische Rückenschmerzen und Arzt-Patienten-Beziehung." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://www.ulb.uni-duesseldorf.de/diss/med/2002/.
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Strand, Adam, and Kristoffer Edhborg. "Upptäcka vinstmanipulering med Den Modifierade Jonesmodellen : En studie på Stockholmsbörsens Mid cap lista." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-18904.
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Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka ifall vinstmanipulering förekommer bland företagen på Nasdaq OMX Nordic samt att analysera ifall att VD-byte är kopplat till detta fenomen. Metod: Studien har använt sig av Den Modifierade Jonesmodellen som är en periodiseringsbaserad modell för vinstmanipulering. Undersökningen är en kvantitativ studie och har utgått från årsredovisningar mellan åren 2007-2011 från börsnoterade bolag på Stockholms Mid Cap lista, totalt 295 observationer. Fyra hypoteser blir statistiskt testade. Teori: Denna del tar upp flera teorier som är kopplade till uppsatsens undersökning, bland annat genom Agentteorin och Designad redovisning. Agentteorin grundar sig på att alla individer nyttomaximerar, vilket kan vara en förklaring till varför redovisningsmanipulering existerar. Designad redovisning används för att nå förutbestämda mål genom att välja rätt redovisningsteknik. Inom denna teori finns flera begrepp och de som tas upp i uppsatsen är: vinstutjämning, vinstmanipulering samt kreativ redovisning i form av Big Bath. Dessutom tas tre tidigare vetenskapliga studier upp som undersöker kopplingar mellan VD-byten och vinstmanipulering: Resultat: Studien finner 35 VD-byten och majoriteten av de diskretionära periodiseringarna är negativa. De fyra testerna finner inga statistiska skillnader. Slutsatser: Undersökningen ger en indikation på att vinstmanipulering förekommer. Det framkommer ingen signifikant skillnad mellan år då VD-byte genomförts och år då det inte skett något byte.
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Söderlin, Maria. "A population-based study on early arthritis in southern Sweden : incidence, preceding infections, diagnostic markers and economic burden /." Linköping : Univ, 2003. http://www.ep.liu.se/diss/med/08/24/index.html.
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Nilsson, Ulrika K. "Lysophosphatidic acid : Physiological effects and structure-activity relationships." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Univ, 2002. http://www.ep.liu.se/diss/med/07/51/index.html.
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Josefsson, Ann. "Postpartum Depression : Epidemiological and Biological Aspects." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Univ, 2003. http://www.ep.liu.se/diss/med/07/81/index.html.
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Borg, Karin. "Sickness Absence with Musculoskeletal Diagnoses : An Eleven-Year Follow-Up of Young Persons." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Univ, 2003. http://www.ep.liu.se/diss/med/07/86/index.html.
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Grahn, Kronhed Ann-Charlotte. "Community-based osteoporosis prevention : physical activity in relation to bone density, fall prevention, and the effect of training programmes : the Vadstena Osteoporosis Prevention Project /." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Univ, 2003. http://www.ep.liu.se/diss/med/07/88/index.html.
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Carlsson, Björn. "From achiral to chiral analysis of citalopram /." Linköping : Univ, 2003. http://www.ep.liu.se/diss/med/07/93/index.html.
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Bolling-Sternevald, Elisabeth. "Functional Dyspepsia : Symptoms and Response to Omeprazole in the Short Term." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Univ, 2003. http://www.ep.liu.se/diss/med/07/92/index.html.
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Castro, Esparza Alejandra. "Algoritmo Genético para el problema de formación de Células de Manufactura con secuencia." Thesis, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, 2013. http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/mid/castro_e_a/.
Full textAbstract:
En esta tesis se estudia el Problema de Formación de Células de Manufactura
(MCFP por sus siglas en inglés) que considera la secuencia de las partes, se
aplica un algoritmo genético para resolver este problema. El algoritmo intenta
reducir al máximo los movimientos intercelulares, asignado cada máquina a la
célula más conveniente de tal manera que se minimicen dichos movimientos.
El algoritmo propuesto utiliza un procedimiento de búsqueda local para
mejorar la calidad de las soluciones. El algoritmo propuesto obtiene buenos
resultados ya que tuvo la capacidad para encontrar todos los resultados
óptimos para todas las instancias de prueba por lo menos en una ocasión.
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Warzycha, Anna K. "Inlargednesse of mind and activity of spirit : gender identities in the religious writings of mid-seventeenth-century England." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10229.
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In dominant seventeenth-century thinking women's bodies, minds, and spirits were not only inferior to men's, but also more prone to evil. This study explores the ways in which the women writers attempted to redefine these assumptions. Through an analysis organised along various spiritual transformations the writers claim to go through, the study presents an insight into seventeenth-century women's construction and redefinition of femininity. The symbolic process of women's spiritual transfiguration results in them identifying with the metaphorical figure of Zion and in positioning women as godly agents of God, whereas male writers' transformations eventuate in their being effeminized and being turned into 'Crooked Agents' of God. Therefore, the study shows how the potentials inherent in the biblical figure of Zion were used in establishing a connection with God and in forming female and male authorial identity. The thesis draws on the understudied voices of women such as the anonymous Eliza, Elizabeth Major, An Collins or Gertrude More, and is contextualized by male-authored texts, some of them considered as canonical and popular in contemporary literature.
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Carter, Fincha. "Expressive arts: Integrating Mind, Body and Soul - A way to creativity and wellbeing? : En kvalitativ intervjustudie med uttryckande konstterapeuter." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för psykologi och socialt arbete, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-42351.
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CAPETTI, ELENA. "MAGNETIC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES WITH ANISOTROPIC SHAPE OR HETEROGENEOUS STRUCTURE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/332031.
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To briefly summarize the work reported in this PhD thesis, we can say that the study of the solvothermal synthesis of MnO NPs led to procedures to obtain anisotropic MnO NPs starting from manganese(II) oleate and stearate. A detailed investigation on the influence of the reaction conditions on the size, shape, crystal structure and magnetic properties of the obtained nanoparticles was carried out, including a detailed comparison between the two precursors (manganese oleate and manganese stearate) and surfactants (oleic acid and stearic acid) and a thorough investigation of the influence of the precursor : surfactant molar ratio.
Having used MnO as antiferromagnetic material for the core-shell structure, we were prompted to further consider the use of MnS, an antiferromagnetic sulfide with the Néel temperature 160 K (higher than the MnO TN = 116 K). The higher Néel temperature makes MnS a good candidate for the building of an exchange-bias coupling. MnS, unlike MnO, presents three different polymorphs: cubic α-MnS (rock-salt), cubic β-MnS (zinc-blende), and hexagonal γ-MnS (wurtzite). Thus, synthetic investigation about MnS NPs was mainly focused on the control of the nanoparticle crystal phase that, in our case, could be achieve through the use of different surfactants. Polymorphism control is a crucial point because different polymorphs exhibit different physical properties, among which, the magnetic behavior.
Next, we focused on the synthetic strategy to coat anisotropic MnO NPs with a FeOx coating (FeOx stands for Fe3-xO4-x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1). We conceived to approach this problem by a two step strategy. First, we set out to develop a procedure to grow a FeOx shell (several nanometers thick) onto large (20-30 nm) isotropic MnO cores; once obtained such procedure, we will optimize it to uniformly coat anisotropic NPs. Using isotropic MnO NPs as cores, many synthetic strategies were devised and assessed with respect to the achievement of growing a significantly thick and uniform iron oxide shell simultaneously preventing the formation of undesired homogeneous iron oxide nanoparticles. We finally developed a procedure able to grow a FeOx shell of up to 6 nm on the MnO core. We are at present working on the development of a multi-step procedure to achieve a thicker and more compact FeOx shell. The synthesis of core-shell MnO@FeOx NPs and their characterization by electron microscopy (C-TEM, electron diffraction, HRTEM, Analytical TEM) are described in detail in the Thesis, while the magnetic characterization are in progress in these days.
Besides the main aim of my Thesis research, we decided to explore the feasibility to use MnO nanoparticles having different crystallographic faces as a catalysts in the water splitting reaction. We just started a collaboration with Dott. A. Minguzzi, O. Lugaresi and A. Visibile at the University of Milan to carry out an electrochemical study to investigate whether nanoparticle with different shape, the surface of which are different crystal faces, have unequal catalytic activity in the water splitting reaction. Since the work is at an early stage, here we reported only samples treatment and characterization before the electrochemical tests that are currently in progress.
Finally, a complete magnetic characterization of thin-film assemblies of Ni@NiO core-shell nanoparticles, was performed and here reported thanks to a research project carried out in collaboration with the group of Professor S. D’Addato, Dr. P. Luches, and Prof. S. Valeri at CNR NANO S3 and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia. Nanoparticles were synthesized by metal vapor deposition in Modena and their magnetic behavior was investigated in our laboratory by SQUID magnetometry. The Ni@NiO core-shell assemblies prepared by a three-layer procedure (NiO layer – Ni NPs – NiO layer) turned out to display a large exchange bias that could be accurately tuned by varying the thickness of the top NiO layer.
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Larsson, Björn. "Webbplats med Jeopardyspel med CodeIgniter." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Data- och elektroteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15440.
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Detta examensarbete kommer att behandla hur man kan skapa en webbplats med tillhörande spel med hjälp av PHP-ramverket CodeIgniter. Rapporten tar upp hur detta ramverk fungerar och hur applikationer i ramverket kan göras säkra. Läsaren kommer att få veta mer om vilka HTML-standarder man kan använda för webbplatser och om den programmeringsmetod, MVC-principen, som CodeIgniter använder sig av. Kortfattat tar rapporten upp teknisk webbutveckling och programmeringen bakom densamma.This thesis will examine how to create a web site with a game, based on the PHP-framework CodeIgniter. The report explains how this framework works and how you can make secure applications by using the framework. The reader will also get to know more about the HTML-standards possible to use for web sites and about the programming method, the MVC-principle, CodeIgniter is using. In short, the report explains technical web development and the programming behind it.
Kontakt med författaren kan ske via dennes webbplats, http://www.bjornlarsson.se/.Detta verk är licensierat under en Creative Commons Erkännande-IckeKommersiell 2.5 Sverige Licens (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/se/).
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Ramström, Mathias, and Elin Svensson. "Vårdrelationen med patienter med självskadebeteende." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-34600.
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Bakgrund: Självskadebeteende är ett växande samhällsproblem. Ibland brister sjuksköterskors bemötande av patienter med självskadebeteende inom somatisk vård. Problem: Patienter med självskadebeteende som vårdas inom somatisk vård riskerar att inte få den vårdrelation med sjuksköterskan som det finns behov av. Syfte: Att utforska sjuksköterskors erfarenheter gällande deras vårdrelation med patienter med självskadebeteende. Metod: Empirisk intervjustudie med fem sjuksköterskor inom en somatisk vårdavdelning på ett länssjukhus i Sverige. Materialet analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Innehållsanalysen resulterade i två kategorier, betydelsen av sjuksköterskornas bemötande i vårdrelationen med patienter med självskadebeteende samt brist på tillit i vårdrelationen med patienter med självskadebeteende. Sex underkategorier identifierades utifrån dessa två kategorier. I sjuksköterskornas bemötande ansågs det avgörande för vårdrelationens utveckling att bekräfta patienten, visa intresse och skapa förtroende. Brist på tillit i vårdrelationen skapade känslor som misstro, osäkerhet och brist på motivation hos sjuksköterskorna. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskornas bemötande i vårdrelationen med patienter med självskadebeteende är av betydelse för hur vårdrelationen utvecklas. Tillit är en väsentlig del i vårdrelationen mellan sjuksköterskor och patienter med självskadebeteende och det är av betydelse för vårdrelationen att den är ömsesidig.Background: Deliberate self-harm has become an increasing problem in society. Nurses sometimes express negative attitudes towards patients who self-harm in somatic care settings. Problem: While being treated in somatic care settings, a patient who self-harm may not get the caring relationship with the nurse that is needed. Aim: To explore nurses’ experiences regarding their caring relationship with patients who self-harm. Method: Interview with five nurses within a somatic nursing ward in Sweden. The material was analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Result: The content analysis resulted in two categories, the meaning of nurses’ attitude in the caring relationship with patients who self-harm and lack of trust in the caring relationship between nurses and patients who self-harm. Six subcategories were identified based on these two categories. Within the nurses’ attitude it was considered crucial for the development of the caring relationship to acknowledge the patient, show interest, and create reliance. Lack of trust in the caring relationship brought feelings of mistrust, insecurity and lack of motivation. Conclusions: Nurses’ attitude in the caring relationship with patients who self-harm has meaning in developing the caring relationship, trust is essential between nurses and patients who self-harm and it is important that the trust is mutual.
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Edvardsson, Kristofer, and Adam Björklund. "Möten med patienter med talsvårigheter." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-40586.
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Bakgrund: Talsvårigheter kan bero på olika orsaker, gemensamt för dessa är att patienter med talsvårigheter upplever sig förbisedda i sin vård på grund av denna funktionsnedsättning och att vårdpersonal ibland har svårt att nå fram i kommunikationen med dessa patienter. Problem: Fungerar inte kommunikationen i dessa interaktioner kan lidande uppstå då patienter inte får sina behov tillgodosedda. Syfte: Syftet med detta examensarbete är att skapa en översikt över aspekter som kan inverka på vårdpersonals kommunikation med patienter med talsvårigheter. Metod: En allmän litteraturöversikt genomfördes. Totalt 11 artiklar har granskats, varav nio Hade kvalitativ ansats, en kvantitativ ansats och en artikel mixad design. Resultat: Resultatet visade tre olika kategorier, enligt följande: 1) Vårdpersonals inverkan på kommunikationen innefattade bland annat personalens inställning till kommunikation. 2) Omgivningens inverkan på kommunikationen rörde bland annat tiden som tillgång eller brist. 3) Vårdar-patientrelationens inverkan på kommunikationen visade att relationens karaktär påverkade kommunikationen. Slutsats: Vårdpersonal beskrev att kunskap om tillvägagångssätt underlättade kommunikationen. Vårdpersonals förmåga att möta unika patienter med talsvårigheter och att ge kommunikationen och relationen tillräckligt med tid för att lyckas var betydelsefullt.