Journal articles: 'MMSE'

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Xiao, Hongjian, Theerasak Chanwimalueang, and Danilo P. Mandic. "Multivariate Multiscale Cosine Similarity Entropy and Its Application to Examine Circularity Properties in Division Algebras." Entropy 24, no. 9 (September 13, 2022): 1287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24091287.

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The extension of sample entropy methodologies to multivariate signals has received considerable attention, with traditional univariate entropy methods, such as sample entropy (SampEn) and fuzzy entropy (FuzzyEn), introduced to measure the complexity of chaotic systems in terms of irregularity and randomness. The corresponding multivariate methods, multivariate multiscale sample entropy (MMSE) and multivariate multiscale fuzzy entropy (MMFE), were developed to explore the structural richness within signals at high scales. However, the requirement of high scale limits the selection of embedding dimension and thus, the performance is unavoidably restricted by the trade-off between the data size and the required high scale. More importantly, the scale of interest in different situations is varying, yet little is known about the optimal setting of the scale range in MMSE and MMFE. To this end, we extend the univariate cosine similarity entropy (CSE) method to the multivariate case, and show that the resulting multivariate multiscale cosine similarity entropy (MMCSE) is capable of quantifying structural complexity through the degree of self-correlation within signals. The proposed approach relaxes the prohibitive constraints between the embedding dimension and data length, and aims to quantify the structural complexity based on the degree of self-correlation at low scales. The proposed MMCSE is applied to the examination of the complex and quaternion circularity properties of signals with varying correlation behaviors, and simulations show the MMCSE outperforming the standard methods, MMSE and MMFE.

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Gelmanas, Arūnas, Tomas Bukauskas, Andrius Macas, Giedrė Žarskienė, and Ainius Žarskus. "Postoperative cognitive dysfunction in geriatric patients after orthopedic surgery." Acta medica Lituanica 19, no. 3 (October 1, 2012): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.6001/actamedica.v19i3.2431.

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The aim of our study was to find out the changes of cognitive functions of geriatric patients after orthopedic surgery and when these differen ces are marked. We also tried to find out factors, which have influence on the results of common mental activity, to estimate the dynamics of mental activity and to choose the most optimal intervals of estimation. The population of our investigation consisted of 25 consecutive adult patients, undergoing orthopedic operation, applying regional anesthesia. Neurophysiological assessment where all patients underwent neurophysiological tests consisted of the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), 6 Item Cognitive Impairment test (6CIT), Trail-making test – a neuropsychological test of visual attention and task switching. Patients were tested the day before the surgery (MMSE1, 6CIT1, TMT1), on the day of the surgery (MMSE2, 6CIT2, TMT2) and on the third day after the surgery (MMSE3, 6CIT3, TMT3). The day before the surgery reveals that results of MMSE1, 6CIT1 tests were better in a group of younger patients. We found that the results of the MMSE test were significantly worse 3 days after the surgery than those before the procedure in the A group, p = 0.016. The biggest digression was fixed in “copying” and “repeating” after the surgery intervention, p = 0.01, p = 0.04. The orientation in time significantly decreased in the group B after the surgery, p = 0.00. MMSE, 6CIT, TMT test results were significantlt worse in older patients rather than younger ones 3 days after the surgery. We set that the elderly have a significantly shorter duration of education. Younger patients and patients with a longer studying period achieved better results of tests. The results mean that age and lasting of education are significant predictors of POCD. Our pilot study confirmed that POCD develops for older patients, undergoing neuroaxial anesthesia for orthopedic surgery. It is very important to continue studies and reveal how to decrease POCD events, keep the quality of life.

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Ghose, Swapon Kumar, Kazi Gias Uddin Ahmed, Ahmed Hossian Chowdhury, ATM Hasibul Hasan, Muhammad Zillur Rahman Khan, ASM Rezaul Karim, Kanol Saha, Hashmi Sina, and Md Arifuzzaman. "Adapting Bangla Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-B) among Healthy Elderly in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 32, no. 2 (July 31, 2016): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjn.v32i2.57446.

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Background: The aim of our study was to determine whether modified Bangla version (MMSE-B) is as effective as mini mental state examination (MMSE) tool for use in Bangladeshi people. Methods: This descriptive observational study was carried out in Department of Neurology, DMCH from January 2013 to December 2013. A total 200 healthy adults (patient attendants at the clinic) who met the inclusion criteria, were interviewed using a structured questionnaire containing information on age, sex, residence, educational backgrounds and questions set at MMSE English version (MMSE-E) and modified Bangla version for MMSE-B (Figure-1). MMSE and MMSE-B both were applied in 1:1 ration. The literate people were asked whether they are comfortable to answer in English (MMSE-E) or they would like the translated form and we applied the form of MMSE (MMSE-T) according to their wish. But in other group of people the modified Bangla version (MMSE-B) was used irrespective of level of education. Result: The mean age at presentation was 58.1±7.8 and 94% were within 50-70 years of age. Male were more common (80, 66) in both the groups and most of them belonging to rural areas. MMSE-B were mostly employed on people having only primary level of education (up to class five, n=80) or no education (n=2), whereas MMSE-E were employed up on people having a level of education higher than class five (n=96). Every question in each item of cognitive domain correlated well (correlation co-efficient range from 0.801- 0.971) except the 7th (correlation co-efficient 0.418) which had higher mean score for MMSE-B than those of MMSE-E (0.90 versus 0.54). The mean score of MMSEB was greater than the mean score of MMSE-E for most of questions except the 1st question that is related to orientation of time. The mean of total score in MMSE-E and MMSE-B were 24.04 and 24.91 respectively with a correlation co-efficient of 0.940. Conclusion: MMSE-B is adaptable for use in Bangladeshi people irrespective of level of education. Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2016; Vol. 32 (2): 91-97

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Wu, Yihong, and Sergio Verdu. "MMSE Dimension." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 57, no. 8 (August 2011): 4857–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2011.2158905.

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Basharat, P. "Memory for MMSE." Canadian Medical Association Journal 177, no. 1 (July 3, 2007): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.070074.

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Shi, Shuying, Martin Schubert, and Holger Boche. "Downlink MMSE Transceiver Optimization for Multiuser MIMO Systems: MMSE Balancing." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 56, no. 8 (August 2008): 3702–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2008.920487.

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Ghose, Swapon Kumar, Ahmed Hossain Chowdhury, ATM Hasibul Hasan, Muhammad Zillur Rahman Khan, ASM Rezaul Karim, Kanol Saha, Mansur Habib, Md Azharul Hoque, Md Badrul Alam, and Quazi Deen Mohammad. "Comparison of Mini-Mental State Examination (Mmse) and Bangla Mini-Mental State Examination (Mmse-B) Among Healthy Elderly in Bangladesh." Journal of Dhaka Medical College 24, no. 1 (September 7, 2016): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v24i1.29559.

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Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of modified Bangla version of mini mental state examination (MMSE-B) with mini mental state examination (MMSE) for using among Bangladeshi healthy elderly.Methods: This is a descriptive type of observational study carried out in Department of Neurology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, from January to December of 2013. A total of 200 healthy elderly (patient attendants at the clinic) who met the inclusion criteria, were interviewed using a structured questionnaire containing information on age, sex, residence, educational backgrounds and questions set at MMSE English version (MMSE-E) and modified Bangla version for MMSE-B (Figure-1). MMSE and MMSE-B both were applied in 1:1 ration. The literate people were asked whether they are comfortable to answer in English (MMSE-E) or they would like the translated form and we applied the form of MMSE (MMSE-T) according to their wish. But in other group of people the modified Bangla version (MMSE-B) was used irrespective of level of education.Results: The mean age at presentation was 58.1±7.8 and 94% were within 50-70 years of age. Male were more common (80, 66) in both the groups and most of them belonging to rural areas. MMSE-B were mostly employed on people having only primary level of education (up to class five, n=80) or no education (n=2), whereas MMSE-E were employed up on people having a level of education higher than class five (n=96). Every question in each item of cognitive domain correlated well (correlation co-efficient range from 0.801- 0.971) except the 7th (correlation co-efficient 0.418) which had higher mean score for MMSE-B than those of MMSE-E (0.90 versus 0.54). The mean score of MMSE-B was greater than the mean score of MMSE-E for most of questions except the 1st question that is related to orientation of time. The mean of total score in MMSE-E and MMSE-B were 24.04 and 24.91 respectively with a correlation co-efficient of 0.940.Conclusion: MMSE-B is comparable to MMSE and it is even better in some segments of cognitive assessment for using among Bangladeshi people irrespective of level of education.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 24, No.1, April, 2015, Page 30-35

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Bustin, Ronit, and Shlomo Shamai. "MMSE of “Bad” Codes." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 59, no. 2 (February 2013): 733–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2012.2220518.

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Moon, T., and T. Weissman. "Universal FIR MMSE Filtering." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 57, no. 3 (March 2009): 1068–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2008.2009894.

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Pappa, M., and C. Ramesh. "Comparison of Compressed Sensing MMSE Channel estimation with conventional LS and MMSE." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 10, no. 40 (December 9, 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2017/v10i40/120272.

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Tan, Ji-Ping, Xiaoxiao Wang, Xiaoyang Lan, Nan Li, Shimin Zhang, Yiming Zhao, and Lu-Ning Wang. "The Epoch Effect on Cognitive Function Requires Regular Updating of Cognitive Screening Tests." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 77, no. 2 (September 15, 2020): 667–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-200112.

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Background: Over time, improved cognitive abilities in elderly individuals lead to an overall increase in performance on widely used cognitive screening tests (e.g., Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE) and impact screening efficacy. Objective: We aimed to examine the epoch effect on cognitive function measured using MMSE, in addition to the influence of demographic characteristics on MMSE. We also evaluated the ability of the MMSE in detecting dementia and examined the discrimination ability and measurement precision of the MMSE. Methods: In a cross-sectional survey, Chinese veterans aged ≥60 years were interviewed. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to explore the factors affecting the MMSE. The expected MMSE score was calculated to examine the epoch effect. The diagnostic accuracy of the MMSE was determined via receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. Item response theory methods were implemented using Stata 16.0. Results: The MMSE score increased with higher education and decreased with advancing age. The observed MMSE score in this study (26.9) was higher than the expected MMSE score (24.9). It demonstrated 78.3% /84.1% /89.9% sensitivity and 85.8% /79.5% /66.8% specificity in detecting dementia using the cut-off score 25/26/27. The MMSE showed reduced discrimination and provided little information for ability level of −1 and above. Conclusion: Improved cognitive ability over time may increase the performance on cognitive screening tests (e.g., MMSE). This impact of epoch in cognitive function emphasizes the importance of regularly updating cognitive screening tests.

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King, Joseph T., Michael L. DiLuna, Domenic V. Cicchetti, Joel Tsevat, and Mark S. Roberts. "Cognitive Functioning in Patients with Cerebral Aneurysms Measured with the Mini Mental State Examination and the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status." Neurosurgery 59, no. 4 (October 1, 2006): 803–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000232666.67779.41.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: Clinicians and researchers use brief instruments, such as the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS), to measure cognitive functioning in patients with cerebral aneurysms. MMSE and TICS scores are often dichotomized to classify patients as cognitively impaired or not. Frequently, after an initial MMSE face-to-face evaluation, the TICS is used for follow-up assessments by telephone. METHODS: A cross-sectional cohort of patients with cerebral aneurysms completed the MMSE at baseline and the MMSE or TICS at the 12-month follow-up examination. Multivariate logistic regression adjusting for demographics was used to model cognitive impairment. MMSE and TICS results were compared using the MMSE as the “gold standard.” RESULTS: Eleven out of 171 (6%) patients had baseline MMSE scores less than 24, indicating cognitive impairment. Multivariate analysis showed that a history of subarachnoid hemorrhage was associated with cognitive impairment measured with the MMSE (odds ratio, 13.9; P = 0.021; C statistic = 0.87); there was no relationship between subarachnoid hemorrhage or treatment and TICS cognitive impairment (i.e., score < 27). In patients without recent or interim invasive interventions that might affect cognition (n = 65), raw baseline MMSE and 12-month TICS scores had fair correlations (r = 0.30, P = 0.015); however, dichotomized scores had poor agreement, and TICS sensitivity and positive predictive value was 0% compared with the MMSE. CONCLUSION: The MMSE may be more sensitive than the TICS to the effects of subarachnoid hemorrhage on cognitive functioning. Raw MMSE and TICS scores are well correlated, but dichotomized MMSE and TICS scores are probably not interchangeable in this patient population.

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Foley, Jennifer A., Charlotte Dore, and Lisa Cipolotti. "Correspondence between MMSE and detailed neuropsychological testing in Parkinson’s disease." Neuropsychologist 1, no. 13 (April 2022): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsneur.2022.1.13.9.

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Although the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) has long been criticised as being insufficiently sensitive to cognitive decline, it is still considered fundamental for the diagnosis of cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease, with many papers continuing to use this tool to characterise cognition. This study investigates how intact performance on the MMSE in Parkinson’s disease relates to performance on detailed neuropsychological testing, and how intact performance on individual MMSE subtests corresponds to performance on cognate neuropsychological tests. We examined the wider neuropsychological performance of 264 PD patients screened using the MMSE. 85.7 per cent of PD patients passing the MMSE demonstrated impairment upon detailed neuropsychological assessment, more frequently on non-MMSE domains (76.1 per cent) than MMSE domains (40.8 per cent). Furthermore, despite performing flawlessly on individual MMSE domains, up to 22.6 per cent failed cognate tests upon detailed neuropsychological testing. We conclude that the MMSE is inadequate for the accurate detection or characterisation of cognitive impairment in PD.

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Kim, Soo Hyun, Sang Hoon Oh, Kyu Nam Park, and Taek Hun Kim. "Cognitive Impairment among Cardiac Arrest Survivors in the ICU: A Retrospective Study." Emergency Medicine International 2019 (November 3, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2578258.

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Background. Recent studies have presented the effects of cardiac arrest on long-term cognitive function and quality of life. However, no study has evaluated cognitive function in the early stage after regaining consciousness. Purpose. The objectives of this study were to analyse the incidence, clinical course, and associated factors of cognitive impairment of cardiac arrest survivors in intensive care unit (ICU). Patients and methods. We administered the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) to cardiac arrest survivors who were treated with targeted temperature management (TTM) immediately after regaining consciousness. Patients whose MMSE scores indicated impaired cognitive function (MMSE < 24) were retested before ICU discharge. Results. In 92 patients, the median MMSE score was 21.0 (interquartile range (IQR), 16.0–24.0), and cognitive impairment was found in 64 patients. Fifty-three patients completed follow-up MMSEs, and the median scores were 20.0 (IQR, 13.5–23.0) for the first and 25.0 (IQR, 21.5–28.0) for the last test. Of the specific domains, recall (0.0 (IQR, 0.0–1.0) to 2.0 (IQR, 1.0–3.0)) and attention/calculation (3.0 (IQR, 1.0–4.0) to 4.0 (IQR, 2.0–5.0)) were the most affected domains until ICU discharge. The factors that were correlated with cognitive impairment on the last MMSE were older age (OR, 1.07 (95% CI, 1.01–1.14), p=0.016), increased time to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) (OR, 1.08 (95% CI, 1.02–1.15), p=0.012), and length of hospital stay (OR, 1.07 (95% CI, 1.00–1.14), p=0.044). Conclusions. Cognitive impairments were common immediately after patients regained consciousness but recovered substantially before ICU discharge. Recall and attention/calculation still were impaired until ICU discharge, and older age, increased time to ROSC, and LOS were associated with this cognitive decline.

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Tamadon, Mohammad Reza, Majid Mirmohammadkhani, and Shahb Rafaati. "The effect of coenzyme Q10 on cognitive status in chronic hemodialysis patients; a double-blind, randomized, clinical trial." Journal of Nephropharmacology 7, no. 2 (July 28, 2018): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/npj.2018.30.

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Introduction: Renal failure is a stressful process that has several complications, including neurological disorders such as cognitive disorder, which can lead to the incidence of psychological disorders. Objectives: Given the reduced coenzyme Q10 levels in patients with chronic renal failure and the known role of this coenzyme in cognitive disorders, the present study was conducted to assess the effect of CoQ10 supplementation in the treatment of cognitive disorder in hemodialysis patients in Semnan, Iran. Patients and Methods: The present double-blind, randomized, clinical trial was conducted on patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis at Kosar Hospital of Semnan. The participants underwent a cognitive assessment using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). They were then randomly divided into two groups; group one received CoQ10 supplement and group two received placebo for 90 days, after which period they underwent another cognitive assessment using the MMSE. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Levene’s test were used to verify the normal distribution of the data. Data were analyzed using the t test and Mann–Whitney U test at a significance level of P<0.05. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of their personal details. The mean (± standard deviation) of the MMSE1 score was 21.29±6.5 in the control group and 21.09±5.4 in the case group. The mean (± standard deviation) of the MMSE2 score was 20.62±6.5 in the control group and 23.29±5.8 in the case group. A significant difference between the two groups in terms of their pre- and post-intervention MMSE scores was observed, suggesting the positive effect of the medication (P<0.001). Conclusion: The daily intake of CoQ10 100-mg led to a significant change in the cognitive status of chronic hemodialysis patients compared to the group that received only the placebo. Conducting a similar study but with the addition of a healthy control group is recommended in order to establish a base measure for the healthy population and to thus enable the better interpretation of the effect of this supplement.

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Tew, Chee-Wee, Tze-Pin Ng, Chin-Yee Cheong, and Philip Yap. "A Brief Dementia Test with Subjective and Objective Measures." Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra 5, no. 3 (September 18, 2015): 341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000438455.

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Background: The development of an effective brief dementia test will help in the early identification of dementia. Aim: This study investigates the diagnostic utility of a brief cognitive test for dementia which combines a short subjective informant-rated questionnaire (AD8) with an objective cognitive measure (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE) or its subcomponents. Methods: Subjects with mild dementia (Clinical Dementia Rating Scale score ≤1) were matched with community-dwelling, cognitively intact controls. MMSE and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale were administered to all subjects, while AD8 was completed by a reliable informant. Receiver operating characteristics analysis determined the diagnostic accuracies of AD8, MMSE, and AD8 combined with MMSE (AD8+MMSE). Stepwise logistic regression identified the subcomponents of MMSE which, combined with AD8, best discriminated dementia patients from controls. Results: The AD8 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89-0.95) was superior to the MMSE (AUC = 0.87, 95% CI 0.83-0.92) in discriminating mild dementia patients from controls, and AD8+MMSE (AUC = 0.95, 0.92-0.98) increased its superior discrimination over MMSE alone. AD8 combined with three-item recall and intersecting pentagon copy (AUC = 0.95, 95% CI 0.92-0.97) performed as well as AD8 combined with full MMSE. Conclusion: AD8 combined with the MMSE subcomponents three-item recall and intersecting pentagon copy has excellent diagnostic utility and is a promising brief cognitive test for early dementia.

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Teresi, Jeanne A. "Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE): Scaling the MMSE using item response theory (IRT)." Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 60, no. 3 (March 2007): 256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.06.009.

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Franco-Marina, Francisco, Jose Juan García-González, Fernando Wagner-Echeagaray, Joseph Gallo, Oscar Ugalde, Sergio Sánchez-García, Claudia Espinel-Bermúdez, Teresa Juárez-Cedillo, Miguel Ángel Villa Rodríguez, and Carmen García-Peña. "The Mini-mental State Examination revisited: ceiling and floor effects after score adjustment for educational level in an aging Mexican population." International Psychogeriatrics 22, no. 1 (September 7, 2009): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610209990822.

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ABSTRACTBackground: The Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) is the most widely used cognitive test, both in clinical settings and in epidemiological studies. However, correcting its score for education may create ceiling effects when used for poorly educated people and floor effects for those with higher education.Methods: MMSE and a recent cognitive test, the seven minute screen (7MS), were serially administered to a community sample of Mexican elderly. 7MS test scores were equated to MMSE scores. MMSE-equated 7MS differences indicated ceiling or floor effects. An ordinal logistic regression model was fitted to identify predictors of such effects.Results: Poorly educated persons were more prevalent on the side of MMSE ceiling effects. Concentration (serial-sevens), orientation and memory were the three MMSE subscales showing the strongest relationship to MMSE ceiling effects in the multivariate model.Conclusion: Even when MMSE scores are corrected for educational level they still have ceiling and floor effects. These effects should be considered when interpreting data from longitudinal studies of cognitive decline. When an education-adjusted MMSE test is used to screen for cognitive impairment, additional testing may be required to rule out the possibility of mild cognitive impairment.

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Izaks, G. J., J. Gussekloo, K. M. T. Dermout, T. J. Heeren, and G. J. Ligthart. "Three-year follow-up of Mini-Mental State Examination score in community residents aged 85 and over." Psychological Medicine 25, no. 4 (July 1995): 841–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700035091.

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SYNOPSISThe objective of this study was to describe over time the course of cognitive function of elderly without cognitive impairment and of elderly with different stages of impairment, and to assess if the change in cognitive function was dependent on the initial level of function. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used at two time points. The first assessment (MMSE-1) was part of a community-based study and was obtained from 871 subjects. For the second assessment (MMSE-2) a sample of 166 subjects was drawn from the subjects alive at follow-up who had an MMSE-1 score. This sample was stratified by MMSE-1 score to avoid oversampling of subjects with high MMSE-1 scores. A second MMSE score was obtained from 134 elderly, whereas 18 subjects refused participation and 14 subjects were not traceable. The median age at first assessment was 89 years (25th percentile 87, 75th percentile 92), the mean follow-up period (S.D.) was 3·3 (0·5) years. The median change in MMSE score was minus 4 points (95% confidence interval (CI) − 7 to − 2) and the slope of the regression line of MMSE-2 on MMSE-1 was 1·1 (95% CI 0·9–1·3). It is likely that the slope was underestimated due to a floor effect, regression to the mean and missing observations. However, the probability of decline decreased if MMSE-1 was higher. Nevertheless, the probability ranged from 27 to 59% for subjects with the highest MMSE-1 scores aged 85 and 95 years respectively. The latter is an argument in favour of a periodical examination of all subjects aged 85 and over to reveal causes of cognitive decline that can be treated or are amenable to prevention.

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Lei, Tao, Deng Ping He, and Fang Tang Chen. "Study of BLAST Signal Detection Algorithm in LTE System." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 3183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.3183.

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BLAST can achieve high speed data communication. Its signal detection directly affects performance of BLAST receiver. This paper introduced several signal detection algorithmsZF algorithm, MMSE algorithm, ZF-SIC algorithm and MMSE-SIC algorithm. The simulation results show that the traditional ZF algorithm has the worst performance, the traditional MMSE algorithm and the ZF-SIC algorithm is similar, but with the increase of the SNR, the performance of ZF-SIC algorithm is better than MMSE algorithm. MMSE-SIC algorithm has the best detection performance in these detection algorithms.

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Mendes, Liliane Patrícia de Souza, Fernanda Ferreira Malta, Thaís de Oliveira Ennes, Giane Amorim Ribeiro-Samora, Rosângela Corrêa Dias, Bianca Louise Carmona Rocha, Marina Rodrigues, Larissa Faria Borges, and Verônica Franco Parreira. "Prediction equation for the mini-mental state examination: influence of education, age, and sex." Fisioterapia e Pesquisa 26, no. 1 (March 2019): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-2950/17030126012019.

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ABSTRACT The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) is a screening test used worldwide for identifying changes in the scope of cognition. Studies have shown the influence of education, age and sex in the MMSE score. However, in Brazil, the studies consider only one factor to score it. The aim of this study was to establish a prediction equation for the MMSE. An exploratory cross-sectional study was developed and trained researchers examined participants at the community. The volunteers were evaluated by the MMSE and also by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The MMSE score was the dependent variable. Age, educational level, sex, and GDS score were the independent variables. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the model of best prediction value for MMSE scores. A total of 250 participants aged 20-99 years, without cognitive impairment, were assessed. The educational level, age, and sex explained 38% of the total variance of the MMSE score (p<0.0001) and resulted in the following equation: MMSE=23.350+0.265(years of schooling)-0.042(age)+1.323(sex), in which female=1 and male=2. The MMSE scores can be better explained and predicted when educational level, age, and sex are considered. These results enhance the knowledge regarding the variables that influence the MMSE score, as well as provide a way to consider all of them in the test score, providing a better screening of these patients.

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Yin, Zhendong, Xu Jiang, Zhilu Wu, and Xiaohui Liu. "A Hybrid Multiuser Detector Based on MMSE and AFSA for TDRS System Forward Link." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/620617.

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This study mainly focuses on multiuser detection in tracking and data relay satellite (TDRS) system forward link. Minimum mean square error (MMSE) is a low complexity multiuser detection method, but MMSE detector cannot achieve satisfactory bit error ratio and near-far resistance, whereas artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA) is expert in optimization and it can realize the global convergence efficiently. Therefore, a hybrid multiuser detector based on MMSE and AFSA (MMSE-AFSA) is proposed in this paper. The result of MMSE and its modified formations are used as the initial values of artificial fishes to accelerate the speed of global convergence and reduce the iteration times for AFSA. The simulation results show that the bit error ratio and near-far resistance performances of the proposed detector are much better, compared with MF, DEC, and MMSE, and are quite close to OMD. Furthermore, the proposed MMSE-AFSA detector also has a large system capacity.

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Holtsberg, Philip A., Leonard W. Poon, Carol A. Noble, and Peter Martin. "Mini-Mental State Exam Status of Community-Dwelling Cognitively Intact Centenarians." International Psychogeriatrics 7, no. 3 (September 1995): 417–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104161029500216x.

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Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) scores for 247 community-dwelling, well-functioning individuals in their 60s (n = 88), in their 80s (n = 92), and 100 or older (n = 67) were compared to examine overall and component MMSE differences. The concomitant influences of visual or literacy deficits, gender, education, race, income, and activities of daily living on MMSE performance were analyzed. Mean MMSE scores of 27.8, 27.1, and 24.8, respectively, for the three cohorts were significantly different, even when all concomitant variables were controlled. After the concomitant variables were controlled, results indicated that there were no age group differences on five MMSE items: naming, repeating, listening and obeying, reading and obeying, and writing sentences. Participants with visual or literacy deficits scored 1.5 points lower than other partimcipants, and displayed performance deficits in four items form the Read & Write MMSE division: naming, reading and obeying, writing sentences, and praxis. Education and gender were significant covariates for total and divisional MMSE scores.

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Reischies, Friedel M., and Bernhard Geiselmann. "Age-related cognitive decline and vision impairment affecting the detection of dementia syndrome in old age." British Journal of Psychiatry 171, no. 5 (November 1997): 449–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.171.5.449.

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BackgroundCurrently the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) is widely used as a screening instrument for dementia syndrome. Diagnostic validity may be lowered in old age by normal age-related cognitive decline. Furthermore, visual impairment, occurring frequently in old age, leads to missing values which prevent an interpretation of the test result.MethodIn the Berlin Ageing Study (n=516, age range 70–103 years) MMSE and clinical dementia diagnosis, made by a psychiatrist investigating all subjects by the Geriatric Mental State–A and History and Aetiology Schedule interviews, were investigated independently. The MMblind was analysed, an MMSE version for vision impairment in which all items requiring image processing are omitted. The study sample is population-based; dementia cases (DSM–III–R) were excluded on the basis of the clinical diagnosis.ResultsNorms are reported for very old age regarding MMSE as well as MMblind. There is a considerable age effect on MMSE scores. In contrast to MMSE, sensitivity and specificity of the shorter MMblind version are not reduced.ConclusionsThe considerable age effect requires the adaptation of cut-off values for old age. The blind version of the MMSE seems to be a valid instrument improving the applicability of the MMSE in old age.

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Jones, Richard N., and Joseph J. Gallo. "Education Bias in the Mini-Mental State Examination." International Psychogeriatrics 13, no. 3 (September 2001): 299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610201007694.

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Education is correlated with cognitive status assessment. Concern for test bias has led to questions of equivalent construct validity across education groups. Following the work of previous researchers, we submitted Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) responses to external validation analyses. Subjects were older participants in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area study (age 50-98). Little evidence for test bias against those with low education was found. The correlation of MMSE scores and age was equivalent across high-and low-education groups (−.29 vs. −.27, p = .48), as was the correlation of MMSE scores and activities of daily living (ADL) functioning (−.23 vs. −.27, p = .42). The MMSE displayed significantly higher internal consistency reliability in the low-education group (.75 vs .72, p = .04). The MMSE did not predict functional decline over 1 year or mortality over 13 years differently by level of educational attainment. Evidence for sex bias was found. The MMSE was more highly correlated with age among women than among men (−.28 vs. −.21, p < .001). The MMSE was more highly correlated with ADL impairment among women than among men (−.30 vs. −.17, p = .01). The MMSE predicted mortality differently according to participant sex (p = 0.53). The lack of evidence for bias provides little support to proposals to adjust MMSE scores according to level of education.

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Brito-Marques, Paulo Roberto de, and José Eulálio Cabral-Filho. "Influence of age and scholing on the performance in a modified Mini-Mental State Examination version: a study in Brazil Northeast." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 63, no. 3a (September 2005): 583–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2005000400005.

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Performance in cognitive tests can be influenced by age and education level. In developing countries, formal education is limited for most people. Application of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) test, in its original version could have an adverse effect on the evaluation of low educated and elderly individuals. OBJECTIVE: To assess the cognitive performance of low and middle educated old people in a modified version of the adapted to portuguese language MMSE. METHOD: A study was carried out enrolling 253 individuals, aged 60 to 90 years included in different schooling levels. Four educational groups were studied: illiterate;1-4 schooling years; 5-8 schooling years and over 8 schooling years. Besides, the sample was also studied according to six classes: 60-65, 66-70, 71-75, 76-80, 81-85 and 86-90 years. The modified version (mo-MMSE) included modifications in copy and calculation items from the adapted MMSE (ad-MMSE) to Portuguese language. The maximum possible score was the same in the two versions: total, 30; copy, 1 and calculation, 5. RESULTS: mo-MMSE scores were significantly higher than ad-MMSE for every age classes. A negative correlation was observed between age and scores in individuals of 1-4 and in individuals over eight schooling years, both in ad-MMSE and mo-MMSE. However, there was not a significant correlation between age and scores in illiterate group and in individuals of 5-8 schooling years. CONCLUSION: The modification of copy and calculation items of ad-MMSE, are responsible by the best performance in mo-MMSE. Cultural background could have influenced this result. Individuals with more than eight years of formal instruction are protected against a reduction of their capacity to solve cognitive tests. However, low instructed individuals have not this capacity and so they present signals of intellectual aging before they become elderly people.

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Yahiro, Sachiko, Aiko Matsuoka, Yasuji Miyakita, Makoto Ohno, Masamichi Takahashi, and Yoshitaka Narita. "NQPC-13 THE EFFICACY OF RAVEN’S COLORED PROGRESSIVE MATRICES FOR PATIENTS WITH BRAIN TUMOR." Neuro-Oncology Advances 1, Supplement_2 (December 2019): ii31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/noajnl/vdz039.142.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices (RCPM) are cognitive function tests used to assess speech and visual cognitive functions in patients with brain tumor and aphasia, respectively. We investigated the distribution and correlation between MMSE and RCPM scores in patients with brain tumor, who underwent tumor resection, to identify the test characteristics. METHOD Among the 122 patients who underwent tumor resection in our hospital from April 2018 to March 2019, and potentially required rehabilitation, 43 patients (i.e., 19 men and 24 women) who underwent pre- and post-operative MMSE and RCPM were further investigated. Median age during surgery was 54 years (20–86 years). Relationship between the pre- and post-operative MMSE and RCPM scores were evaluated using the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Additionally, we investigated the characteristics of patients who scored low on either of the tests. RESULTS Median pre- and post-operative MMSE scores were 29 points (14–30) and 29 points (21–30), respectively. Median pre- and post-operative RCPM scores were 33 points (25–36) and 35 points (18–36), respectively. The pre- and post-operative correlation coefficient between MMSE and RCPM scores were 0.376 and 0.699, respectively. Among the 12 patients with lower pre-operative scores on MMSE, as compared to RCPM, 8 patients had impaired attention and 4 patients had aphasia. One patient who scored lower on RCPM test, as compared to MMSE, had reduced analogical reasoning ability. Postoperatively, no patient scored low on MMSE as compared to RCPM, and one patient who scored lower on RCPM than MMSE had left hemi-spatial neglect. CONCLUSION The pre-operative cognitive functions of patients with impaired attention and aphasia can be evaluated with RCPM using visual tasks without interference caused by these impairments. Minute pre- and post-interventional cognitive changes can be assessed with both MMSE and RCPM together.

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Prabhu, Roshan Sudhir, Minhee Won, Edward G. Shaw, Meihua Wang, David Brachman, and Minesh P. Mehta. "The effect of the addition of chemotherapy to radiotherapy on cognitive function in patients with low-grade glioma: Secondary analysis of RTOG 98-02." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 2047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.2047.

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2047 Background: The addition of PCV chemotherapy to radiotherapy (RT) for patients with WHO grade II glioma improves progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), for patients surviving at least 2 years (Shaw, J Clin Oncol 26: 2008). The effect of therapy intensification on cognitive function (CF) remains a concern in this population with substantial long term survival. Methods: 251patients with WHO grade II glioma and age > 40 with any extent of resection, or age < 40 with subtotal resection/biopsy were randomized to RT (54Gy) or RT + PCV. 111 patients with age < 40 and gross total resection were observed. CF was assessed by mini-mental status exam (MMSE)at baseline and years 1, 3, and 5 for patients without progression. Change in MMSE score from baseline of > 3 points was considered clinically significant. Results: Overall, very few patients experienced significant decline in MMSE score, with a median follow-up time of 9.7 years for alive patients. There were no significant differences in the proportion of patients experiencing MMSE decline between study arms at any time point. The table below summarizes MMSE change from baseline over time. Neither baseline MMSE score nor change in MMSE at year 1 significantly predicted for OS or PFS, but there was a trend towards worse OS for patients with MMSE loss of ≥ 2 points [HR 1.73, 95% CI (0.86, 3.47), p=0.12]. Conclusions: The MMSE is a relatively insensitive tool that has not been validated in patients receiving cranial RT, and subtle changes in CF may have been missed. However, the addition of PCV to RT for low grade glioma did not result in significantly higher rates of MMSE decline than RT alone or observation. There was a trend towards an MMSE decline of ≥ 2 points at year 1 predicting for worse OS. [Table: see text]

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Mvodo Martin Paulin, Zanga, Koko Same Louis Christian, and Essiben Dikoundou Jean-François. "Linear precoder optimization of spectral efficiency of time division duplex hyper MIMO system with pilot contamination." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 29, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): 1520. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i3.pp1520-1528.

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Our work is developed in context of studing Massive MIMO in a 5G context. The aim is to optimize spectral efficiency of several users hyper MIMO system during Uplink communication in a multi-cell contaminated pilot environment, using a new type of precoders called single cell-minimum mean square eroor (S-MMSE) and multicell-minimum mean square eroor (MMMSE). Indeed, we address two key and well-known issues of massive multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO) environments in a test-driven development (TDD) operation scheme, namely acquisition of uplink channel state information (UL) and optimisation of the bit stream per unit frequency, the spectral efficiency (SE). From a practical point of view, these two notions are inclusively linked. Indeed, a very good channel estimation leads to a better spectral efficiency. In our approcah, we derive from the minimum mean square error estimator (MMSE) to two new types of precoders that can operate in a multicell environment with a contaminated pilot sequence, namely the SMMSE and the M-MMSE. A comparative study performance of these classical precoders such as regulated zero forcing (RZF), ZF (Zero Forcing) and MR (Minimum Ratio) encountered in multi-antenna processing shows an improvement of nearly 51% in terms of system gain and spectral efficiency.

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Eldar, Y. C., and A. V. Oppenheim. "MMSE whitening and subspace whitening." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 49, no. 7 (July 2003): 1846–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2003.813507.

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Bucknam, Mary, and Steven M. Kanar. "Predicting Performance on the MMSE." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 36, no. 11 (November 1988): 1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1988.tb04381.x.

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Kessler, Josef, and Curt Beil. "Predicting Performance on the MMSE?" Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 36, no. 11 (November 1988): 1072–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1988.tb04383.x.

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Mehana, Ahmed Hesham, and Aria Nosratinia. "Diversity of MMSE MIMO Receivers." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 58, no. 11 (November 2012): 6788–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2012.2204954.

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Galea, Mary, and Michael Woodward. "Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)." Australian Journal of Physiotherapy 51, no. 3 (2005): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0004-9514(05)70034-9.

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Stüber, G. L., M. D. Austin, and E. Katz. "MMSE sequences for channel estimation." Electronics Letters 30, no. 25 (December 8, 1994): 2106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19941436.

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Ping Liu and Zhengyuan Xu. "Blind MMSE-Constrained Multiuser Detection." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 57, no. 1 (January 2008): 608–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2007.905430.

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Willis, Alastair. "Statistical assessment of MMSE scores." Psychiatric Bulletin 30, no. 9 (September 2006): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.30.9.354-b.

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Miller, S. L., and B. J. Rainbolt. "MMSE detection of multicarrier CDMA." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 18, no. 11 (November 2000): 2356–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/49.895040.

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van Blijswijk, Sophie. "MMSE schakel in diagnostisch traject." Huisarts en wetenschap 60, no. 3 (March 2017): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12445-017-0083-y.

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Yoelin, Ann B., and Nathan W. Saunders. "Score Disparity Between the MMSE and the SLUMS." American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementiasr 32, no. 5 (May 14, 2017): 282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533317517705222.

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Background: Multiple brief cognitive instruments are available to assess cognitive impairment in older adults. However, not all instruments demonstrate the same effectiveness when utilized with higher educated adults. This study evaluates the score disparity between the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the St. Louis University Mental Status (SLUMS) Examination across the education spectrum. It was hypothesized that individuals with more years of formal education would produce higher scores on both the MMSE and SLUMS. Previous research was conducted to create a conversion scale used to compare and convert the MMSE scores to SLUMS scores. This research study provides additional data to add to the body of knowledge regarding a conversion scale for the MMSE and SLUMS. Methods: Seventy-five adults older than the age of 60 years were each administered the MMSE and SLUMS. Results: Contrary to our hypothesis, individuals with more years of formal education did not produce significantly greater scores on the MMSE or SLUMS. Likewise, education level analyzed as a continuous measure was not significantly correlated with the MMSE, r(75) = −0.191, or SLUMS, r(75) = 0.019. Interestingly, among participants with a high (but not low) education level, there was a marginal but significant difference in mean score between the MMSE (29.00 ± 1.47) and SLUMS (27.74 ± 3.08), t(64) = 3.70, P < .001. Conclusion: Other factors besides education may impact the performance of older adults on the MMSE and SLUMS, but it does appear that education level may moderate the score disparity between the 2 instruments. Additional studies are needed before using the MMSE to predict the score on the SLUMS and vice versa.

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Adebusoye, Lawrence Adekunle, Ganiyu Arinola, George Amaefula, Sharyn Hunter, Helga Merl, and Victoria Pitt. "Comparison of the Rowland University Dementia Assessment Scale and Mini-Mental State Examination cognitive screening tools among older people in Nigeria." Medical Journal of Zambia 48, no. 4 (March 28, 2022): 388–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.48.4.915.

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Introduction and objectives: Dementia is progressive neuro-degeneration characterized by ongoing deterioration in cognition and capacity for independent living. Empirical evidence is lacking on the best screening tool because of the cultural and linguistic diversities of Nigerians. This study screened for dementia and described the differences between the Rowland University Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) tools among older people at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional hospital-based descriptive study of 96 older people ≥60years at UCH, Ibadan. Dementia was assessed with the RUDAS and MMSE tools. Socio-demographic characteristics and memory issues were also assessed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were done and the level of significance was set at 5%. Results: The mean age was 70.5±7.4 years and 57(59.4%) were female respondents. The overall mean score on RUDAS was 22.8±4.0 points and MMSE was 24.2±4.8 points. Point prevalence of dementia on RUDAS and MMSE were 6.2% and 4.2% respectively. Using MMSE as the standard, the AUROC for the RUDAS was 85.9% (95% CI:60.4-99.8), and its sensitivity and specificity were75.0% and 96.7% respectively. Both RUDAS and MMSE were associated with age and residence. MMSE, but not the RUDAS, scores were influenced by total years of education (p<0.001). Conclusion: RUDAS was as accurate as MMSE for the screening of dementia in our setting. Contrary to the MMSE, RUDAS was not influenced by the years of education for dementia. Our finding supports the use of RUDAS as an effective alternative test to MMSE for dementia screening in older Nigerians.

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Chiu, En-Chi, Tzu-Hua Chien, and Ya-Chen Lee. "Measurement Equivalence between the Original and Estimated Mini-Mental State Examination in People with Dementia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (July 17, 2021): 7616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147616.

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Background: The Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) is increasingly used to assess general cognitive function in people with dementia. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score can be converted from the CASI (i.e., the estimated MMSE). Recognizing that measurement equivalence is critical to meaningfully representing one with the other, we aimed to determine whether the estimated MMSE score obtained from the CASI was equivalent to the original MMSE in people with dementia. Methods: We obtained 110 data points for the MMSE and CASI scores in people with dementia. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Pearson’s r, percent of standard error of measurement (SEM%), paired t-test, and effect size (Cohen’s d) were used to investigate the equivalence. Results: To examine the equivalence between the original and estimated MMSE score, the ICC and Pearson’s r of the total score and six domains were 0.62–0.95 and 0.62–0.96, respectively. The SEM% of the total score and six domains were 0.6–8.9%. The paired t-test results showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the total score and the three domains. The Cohen’s d of the total score and six domains were 0.06–0.27. Conclusions: The estimated MMSE score was found to have moderate to excellent equivalence to the original MMSE score. The three domains (i.e., registration, attention and calculation, and visual-constructional ability) with moderate equivalence should be used cautiously to interchange with the original MMSE in people with dementia.

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Burker, Eileen J., James A. Blumenthal, Michelle Feldman, Elizabeth Thyrum, Elizabeth Mahanna, William White, L. Richard Smith, et al. "The Mini Mental State Exam as a Predictor of Neuropsychological Functioning after Cardiac Surgery." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 25, no. 3 (September 1995): 263–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/vdmb-rjv7-m7uk-yykg.

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Objective: The present longitudinal study was designed to: 1) determine the ability of the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) to predict neuropsychologic impairment based on neuropsychologic testing five to seven days and six weeks after cardiac surgery; and 2) to determine whether the traditional or the education-related MMSE norms are more appropriate to use for this purpose. Method: The day before surgery (T1), before hospital discharge (T2), and six weeks after surgery (T3), 247 subjects completed a battery of five neuropsychologic tests. Subjects also completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and the Speilberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Subjects completed the MMSE two to three days after surgery. Results: Stepwise regression analyses revealed that the MMSE significantly predicted only a small portion of the variance in neuropsychologic test performance at T2, and to an even lesser extent at T3, over and above the demographic variables. In assessing the association between an impairment score (derived from the neuropsychologic test battery) and the MMSE, we found that the traditional MMSE cut-off score maximized specificity (number of true negatives) while the education-adjusted MMSE cut-off scores maximized sensitivity (number of true positives). Conclusions: These results suggest that although the MMSE is widely used to assess cognitive mental status, it may have limited value in identifying patients with cognitive impairment post-cardiac surgery, and special attention must be paid to the cut-off scores used in interpreting the MMSE.

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LU, Guo, Weihong LIU, Xinying HUANG, and Yanxin ZHAO. "Complement factor H levels are decreased and correlated with serum C-reactive protein in late-onset Alzheimer's disease." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 78, no. 2 (February 2020): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20190151.

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Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Despite numerous studies on the subject, the pathologies for AD are still unclear and there is still no ideal biomarker for diagnosis. The present study aimed to investigate clinical significance of human complement factor H (CFH) in patients with late-onset AD. Methods: The present prospective study included 187 late-onset AD patients who went to our hospital from January 2015 to December 2017. One hundred patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 80 healthy individuals who were age and gender matched to AD patients were enrolled as controls. Demographic data such as age, gender, and education duration were recorded. Blood samples were collected and serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), CFH, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were determined by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score was measured for all patients. Results: No significant difference was found in age, gender, and education duration for all participants. The MMSE scores showed AD patients had lower MMES scores than the other two groups. All factors of CFH, CRP, and BDNF were dramatically decreased in AD patients compared with the MCI and the ealthy control. Levels of CFH were found to be positively correlated with levels of CRP; however, no significant correlation was found between CFH and BDNF, nor CFH and MMSE. Conclusion: CFH was decreased in late-onset AD patients, and serum levels of CFH was correlated with serum levels of CRP, but not MMSE and BDNF. These results may provide more clinical evidences for the role of CFH in AD patients.

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Han, Gwanghee, Michio Maruta, Yuriko Ikeda, Tomohisa Ishikawa, Hibiki Tanaka, Asuka Koyama, Ryuji Fukuhara, Shuken Boku, Minoru Takebayashi, and Takayuki Tabira. "Relationship between Performance on the Mini-Mental State Examination Sub-Items and Activities of Daily Living in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 5 (May 20, 2020): 1537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9051537.

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Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) subitems provide useful information about the cognitive status of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). If the relationship between MMSE subitems and activities of daily living (ADL) can be shown, the performance of sub-items can predict ADL status and may provide useful information for early ADL intervention. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between MMSE subitem scores and ADL. The study sample consisted of 718 patients with AD. Logistic regression analysis using the Physical Self-maintenance Scale (PSMS) and Lawton’s Instrumental ADL (L-IADL) was performed with each of the subitems as the dependent variables and the MMSE subitem as the independent variable. As a result, the subitems of MMSE, which are strongly related to each item in PSMS differed (e.g., toilet: registration odds ratio 3.00, grooming: naming 3.66). In the case of L-IADL, most items were strongly associated with “writing” (e.g., shopping: odds ratio 4.29, laundry 3.83). In clinical practice, we often focus only on the total MMSE score in patients with AD. However, the relationship between each MMSE subitem and ADL suggested in this study may be useful information that can be linked to ADL care from the performance of the MMSE subitem.

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Yang, Hwabeen, Daehyuk Yim, and Moon Ho Park. "Converting from the Montreal Cognitive Assessment to the Mini-Mental State Examination-2." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 8, 2021): e0254055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254055.

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Objective The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini-Mental State Examination-2 (MMSE-2) are useful psychometric tests for cognitive screening. Many clinicians want to predict the MMSE-2 score based on the MoCA score. To facilitate the transition from the MoCA to the MMSE-2, this study developed a conversion method. Methods This study retrospectively examined the relationship between the MoCA and MMSE-2. Overall, 303 participants were evaluated. We produced a conversion table using the equipercentile equating method with log-linear smoothing. Then, we evaluated the reliability and accuracy of this algorithm to convert the MoCA to the MMSE-2. Results MoCA scores were converted to MMSE-2 scores according to a conversion table that achieved a reliability of 0.961 (intraclass correlation). The accuracy of this algorithm was 84.5% within 3 points difference from the raw score. Conclusions This study reports a reliable and easy conversion algorithm for transforming MoCA scores into converted MMSE-2 scores. This method will greatly enhance the utility of existing cognitive data in clinical and research settings.

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Sabe, L., L. Jason, M. Juejati, R. Leiguarda, and S. Starkstein. "Sensitivity and Specificity of the Mini-Mental State Exam in the Diagnosis of Dementia." Behavioural Neurology 6, no. 4 (1993): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1993/947175.

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The Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) is a brief cognitive test that assesses several cognitive domains, such as orientation, attention, concentration, memory, language, and constructional abilities. While the MMSE was found to be valid and reliable in the diagnosis of moderate dementia, its sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of mild dementia has been rarely examined. We assessed the specificity and sensitivity of the MMSE in a consecutive series of 44 patients with mild dementia, and a group of age-comparable normal controls. While the specificity of the MMSE for the diagnosis of mild dementia was very high (100%), the sensitivity was only 55% [20 of the 44 patients with mild dementia had an MMSE score in the normal range (≥26 points)]. On the other hand, the assessment with both the Buschke Selective Reminding and the Boston Naming tests discriminated mild Alzheimer's disease patients with normal MMSE scores from controls with a sensitivity and specificity of 64%. In conclusion, the assessment with verbal memory and naming tasks provided a significantly more sensitive measure of early dementia than the MMSE.

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Kittisuwan, P., and C. Chinrungrueng. "Differential Form of Bivariate MMSE Estimator Based on Gaussian Noise." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 26, no. 01 (October 4, 2016): 1750008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126617500086.

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In fact, the noise signal is an important problem in signal, circuits and systems. The minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimation technique is useful in several additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) reduction methods. Original form of MMSE estimator is the integral form. Unfortunately, integral form of MMSE estimator cannot be obtained in simple form for any interesting peaked, heavy-tailed densities (also known as super-Gaussian densities). In this work, we proposed a differential form of bivariate MMSE estimator. The development depends on bivariate Taylor series. The proposed estimator requires no integration. In fact, the derivation is an extension of the existing results for differential form of univariate MMSE estimator.

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Tan, W., M. Wehle, N. Graff-Radfford, and S. Buskirk. "The effect of androgen deprivation on mini-mental status examination in patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 15592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.15592.

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15592 Background: Androgen deprivation (AD) is a common treatment option for asymptomatic patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. Side effects such as sexual dysfunction, hot flashes, fatigue and gynecosmastia have been well documented. However, some of the side effects such as osteoporosis, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and anemia have only been recently recognized. The effects of AD on memory are not known. Aim: To determine if there is a decline in cognitive function(CF) in patients on AD using the modified MiniMental Status examination (MMSE). This test was chosen because it was simple, easy to administer and reproducible. Methods: We prospectively enrolled men with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer prior to initiation of AD and monitored their MMSE at baseline, 2 ,and 4 months and while on AD (Mayo Clinic Jacksonville 8/2004- 9/2006). Results: 38 men were enrolled,however, only 20 men had at least 3 MMSE testing done. (5 withdrew consent, 13 had missing MMSE or lost to followup). The mean age was 68 years, mean baseline MMSE score was 27 and none had a clinical diagnosis of dementia or depression. Comparing the first MMSE and the 2nd MMSE score 19/20 patients had no decline of CF except for one patient who had a transient decline of 5 points in his MMSE score during a period of depression ,however, he had subsequent recovery of his score back to his normal baseline 27. Comparing the first and third MMSE score 20/20 patients had no decline of CF. The mean score change in MMSE score was -1 in 3 patients, 0 in 9 patients, +1 in 4 patients, +2 in 2 patients and +3 in 2 patients. There was no decline of 3 or more points in the mean score in any patient. Interestingly, 2 patients had an 3 point improvement of their MMSE score. We felt that it was secondary to being more familiar to the test process and not due to AD. Conclusions: There is no significant decline in MMSE score in men on AD at 2 and 4 months. MMSE might not be able to detect subtle changes in memory therefore, further study with more sensitive test to discriminate CF decline would be warranted and with longer followup cognitive impairement may be more evident. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Donovan, Laura, Minhee Won, J. Gregory Cairncross, Fabio Iwamoto, Jan Buckner, Karen Fink, Jean-Paul Bahary, et al. "NCOG-12. COGNITIVE FUNCTION (CF) & QUALITY OF LIFE (QOL) IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH PROCARBAZINE, CCNU, & VINCRISTINE (PCV) + RADIOTHERAPY (RT) VS. RT FOR ANAPLASTIC OLIGODENDROGLIOMA (AO) ON NRG RTOG TRIAL 9402." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_6 (November 2, 2021): vi154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab196.603.

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Abstract BACKGROUND PCV+RT substantially prolongs survival in AO patients, but long-term CF and QOL implications are unclear. We compared CF and QOL by treatment arm in RTOG 9402 participants and evaluated the impact that baseline characteristics had on CF, QOL, and survival. METHODS CF and QOL were evaluated using the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) and Brain-Quality of Life (B-QOL) scale at baseline and annually. Scores were analyzed between treatment arms at each time point for patients with ≥ 10 years of follow-up data. Shared parameter models evaluated MMSE and B-QOL scores and survival for all patients. RESULTS 42/148 (28.4%) participants in PCV+RT and 20/143 (14%) in RT alone arms survived ≥ 10 years. 35/42 and 39/42 (PCV+RT) and 18/20 and 17/20 (RT) participants completed baseline B-QOL and MMSE assessments, respectively. B-QOL scores did not differ between treatment groups at any time-point. Among 16 patients (10 PCV+RT, 6 RT) who completed year 10 MMSE evaluations, mean MMSE score at 10 years was higher in the RT arm (29.83 [95% CI 22.1, 30.0] vs. 26.50 [95% CI 29.4, 30.0], P= 0.04). Change in MMSE and B-QOL scores from baseline did not differ significantly between treatment groups at any time. In shared parameter models including all patients with baseline assessments, MMSE and B-QOL scores decreased over time (MMSE P= 0.0189, B-QOL P= 0.0005), but this did not differ by treatment group (MMSE P= 0.5727, B-QOL P= 0.3592). Younger age and higher KPS predicted better scores (MMSE P < 0.0001, P = 0.0002; B-QOL P = 0.0043, P = 0.0007). PCV+RT predicted better survival in both models. CONCLUSIONS PCV+RT improves survival in AO. Shared parameter models show decrease in MMSE and B-QOL over time. However, relative to RT alone, the addition of PCV did not impact change in CF and QOL over time.

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Journal articles on the topic 'MMSE'

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