Journal articles: 'MMO'

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Adami, Amirhossein, Mahda Mortazavi, and Mehran Nosratollahi. "Multi-modular design optimization and multidisciplinary design optimization." International Journal of Intelligent Unmanned Systems 3, no. 2/3 (May 11, 2015): 156–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijius-01-2015-0001.

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Purpose – For complex engineering problems, multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) techniques use some disciplines that need to be run several times in different modules. In addition, mathematical modeling of a discipline can be improved for each module. The purpose of this paper is to show that multi-modular design optimization (MMO) improves the design performances in comparison with MDO technique for complex systems. Design/methodology/approach – MDO framework and MMO framework are developed to optimum design of a complex system. The nonlinear equality and inequality constrains are considered. The system optimizers included Genetic Algorithm and Sequential Quadratic Programming. Findings – As shown, fewer design variables (optimization variables) are needed at the system level for MMO. Unshared variables are optimized in the related module when shared variables are optimized at the system level. The results of this research show that MMO has lower elapsed times (14 percent) with lower F-count (16 percent). Practical implications – The monopropellant propulsion upper-stage is selected as a case study. In this paper, the efficient model of the monopropellant propulsion system is proposed. According to the results, the proposed model has acceptable accuracy in mass model (error < 2 percent), performance estimation (error < 6 percent) and geometry estimation (error < 10 percent). Originality/value – The monopropellant propulsion system is broken down into the three important modules including propellant tank (tank and propellant), pressurized feeding (tank and gas) and thruster (catalyst, nozzle and catalysts bed) when chemical decomposition, aerothermodynamics, mass and configuration, catalyst and structure have been considered as the disciplines. The both MMO and MDO frameworks are developed for the monopropellant propulsion system.

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Wang, Peng, Kun Cheng, Yan Huang, Bo Li, Xinggui Ye, and Xiuhong Chen. "Multiscale Quantum Harmonic Oscillator Algorithm for Multimodal Optimization." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2018 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8430175.

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This paper presents a variant of multiscale quantum harmonic oscillator algorithm for multimodal optimization named MQHOA-MMO. MQHOA-MMO has only two main iterative processes: quantum harmonic oscillator process and multiscale process. In the two iterations, MQHOA-MMO only does one thing: sampling according to the wave function at different scales. A set of benchmark test functions including some challenging functions are used to test the performance of MQHOA-MMO. Experimental results demonstrate good performance of MQHOA-MMO in solving multimodal function optimization problems. For the 12 test functions, all of the global peaks can be found without being trapped in a local optimum, and MQHOA-MMO converges within 10 iterations.

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Magoba, Moses, and Mimonitu Opuwari. "Petrophysical interpretation and fluid substitution modelling of the upper shallow marine sandstone reservoirs in the Bredasdorp Basin, offshore South Africa." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 10, no. 2 (November 7, 2019): 783–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-019-00796-1.

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Abstract The fluid substitution method is used for predicting elastic properties of reservoir rocks and their dependence on pore fluid and porosity. This method makes it possible to predict changes in elastic response of a rock saturation with different fluids. This study focused on the Upper Shallow Marine sandstone reservoirs of five selected wells (MM1, MM2, MM3, MM4, and MM5) in the Bredasdorp Basin, offshore South Africa. The integration of petrophysics and rock physics (Gassmann fluid substitution) was applied to the upper shallow marine sandstone reservoirs for reservoir characterisation. The objective of the study was to calculate the volume of clay, porosity, water saturation, permeability, and hydrocarbon saturation, and the application of the Gassmann fluid substitution modelling to determine the effect of different pore fluids (brine, oil, and gas) on acoustic properties (compressional velocity, shear velocity, and density) using rock frame properties. The results showed average effective porosity ranging from 8.7% to 16.6%, indicating a fair to good reservoir quality. The average volume of clay, water saturation, and permeability values ranged from 8.6% to 22.3%, 18.9% to 41.6%, and 0.096–151.8 mD, respectively. The distribution of the petrophysical properties across the field was clearly defined with MM2 and MM3 revealing good porosity and MM1, MM4, and MM5 revealing fair porosity. Well MM4 revealed poor permeability, while MM3 revealed good permeability. The fluid substitution affected rock property significantly. The primary velocity, Vp, slightly decreased when brine was substituted with gas in wells MM1, MM2, MM3, and MM4. The shear velocity, Vs, remained unaffected in all the wells. This study demonstrated how integration of petrophysics and fluid substitution can help to understand the behaviour of rock properties in response to fluid saturation changes in the Bredasdorp Basin. The integration of these two disciplines increases the obtained results’ quality and reliability.

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Aliya, Syed, Harsimran Kaur, Nishita Garg, Rishika, and Ramakrishna Yeluri. "Clinical Measurement of Maximum Mouth Opening in Children Aged 6–12." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 45, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4625-45.3.12.

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Objective: To evaluate the clinical maximum mouth opening in children and its correlation with age, and sex. Study Design: Three hundred children of age 6–12 years, from different schools of Moradabad city were included. The participants were divided into three groups based on their age i.e Group 1 (n=100) 6–8 years, Group 2 (n=100) 8–10 years and Group 3 (n=100) 10–12 yrs. Three recordings of maximum mouth opening (MMO) were obtained using digital vernier caliper and the mean of three was considered as the MMO of that child. The data was analyzed using Spearman correlation, ANOVA with post- hoc Bonferroni test. The significance level was predetermined at p≤0.05 .Results: The mean MMO for children of Moradabad of aged 6–8yrs in boys is 39.87 ± 4.91 mm and in girls is 36.85± 4.09 mm. In 8–10 yeas age group, the MMO in boys is 44.5± 5.1 mm and in girls 41.77± 5.24 mm. In 10–12 year age group, the MMO in boys is 49.63± 5.56 mm and in girls is 49.33±5.32 mm respectively. The MMO was found to be higher in boys in all the three age groups. Conclusions: There was a significant difference in values of MMO in all the three age groups with boys having higher MMO values when compared to girls. Varying range of MMO values was observed within three age groups.

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Valeikiene, Ligita, Marina Roshchina, Inga Grigoraviciute-Puroniene, Vladimir Prozorovich, Aleksej Zarkov, Andrei Ivanets, and Aivaras Kareiva. "On the Reconstruction Peculiarities of Sol–Gel Derived Mg2−xMx/Al1 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) Layered Double Hydroxides." Crystals 10, no. 6 (June 2, 2020): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10060470.

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In this study, the reconstruction peculiarities of sol–gel derived Mg2−xMx/Al1 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) layered double hydroxides were investigated. The mixed metal oxides (MMO) were synthesized by two different routes. Firstly, the MMO were obtained directly by heating Mg(M)–Al–O precursor gels at 650 °C, 800 °C, and 950 °C. These MMO were reconstructed to the Mg2−xMx/Al1 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) layered double hydroxides (LDHs) in water at 50 °C for 6 h (pH 10). Secondly, in this study, the MMO were also obtained by heating reconstructed LDHs at the same temperatures. The synthesized materials were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nitrogen adsorption by the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) and Barrett, Joyner, and Halenda (BJH) methods were used to determine the surface area and pore diameter of differently synthesized alkaline earth metal substituted MMO compounds. It was demonstrated for the first time that the microstructure of reconstructed MMO from sol–gel derived LDHs showed a “memory effect”.

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Kumar, A., S. Dutta, J. Singh, R. Mehta, A. Hooda, and R. Namdev. "Clinical Measurement of Maximal Mouth Opening in Children: A Pioneer Method." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 37, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.37.2.l17x8227682j5610.

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Objectives: To determine the maximal mouth opening (MMO) in children aged 3 to 5 years from Indian population and to examine the possible influence of age, gender, height and body weight on MMO. Study Design: Assessment of MMO is accomplished with a modified Vernier Caliper by measuring the distance between the incisal edge of upper and lower incisor during maximal mouth opening upto the painless limit. Participants of the study were healthy children selected among regular students from local schools. Age, gender, height and body weight of each child were also recorded at the same time. Results: The results of the present study revealed that MMO in Indian children were 41.61 mm, 44.9 mm and 46.81 mm for boys and 40.09 mm, 44.22 mm and 46.2 mm for girls at age of 3,4 and 5 years respectively. Further significant associations were noted in between age, height, body weight and MMO. However, no gender difference was observed. Conclusion: A definite relationships exist between MMO, age, height and body weight in Indian children with primary dentition.

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Lee, Su-Bin, Eun-Hye Ko, Joo Y. Park, and Jae-Min Oh. "Mixed Metal Oxide by Calcination of Layered Double Hydroxide: Parameters Affecting Specific Surface Area." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5 (April 28, 2021): 1153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051153.

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Mixed metal oxide (MMO) is one of the widely utilized ceramic materials in various industries. In order to obtain high performance, the specific surface area of MMO should be controlled. Calcination of layered double hydroxide (LDH) is a versatile way to prepare MMO with homogeneous metal distribution and well-developed porosity. Although researchers found that the specific surface area of LDH-originated MMO was relatively high, it had not been systematically investigated how the surface area is controlled under a certain parameter. In this review, we summarized LDH-originated MMO with various starting composition, calcination temperature, and pore developing agent in terms of specific surface area and porosity. Briefly, it was represented that MMOs with Mg-Al components generally had higher specific surface area than Mg-Fe or Zn-Al components. Calcination temperature in the range 300–600 °C resulted in the high specific surface area, while upper or lower temperature reduced the values. Pore developing agent did not result in dramatic increase in MMO; however, the pore size distribution became narrower in the presence of pore developing agents.

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Zhang, Wen, Lei Ye, Fenglei Wang, Jiawen Zheng, Xiaoxiao Tian, Yan Chen, Guofang Ding, and Zuisu Yang. "Immunomodulatory Effects of the Meretrix Meretrix Oligopeptide (QLNWD) on Immune-Deficient Mice." Molecules 24, no. 24 (December 5, 2019): 4452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24244452.

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The aim of this study was to explore the immunomodulatory effects of the Meretrix meretrix oligopeptide (MMO, QLNWD) in cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immune-deficient mice. Compared to untreated, CTX-induced immune-deficient mice, the spleen and thymus indexes of mice given moderate (100 mg/kg) and high (200 mg/kg) doses of MMO were significantly higher (p < 0.05), and body weight loss was alleviated. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining revealed that MMO reduced spleen injury, thymus injury, and liver injury induced by CTX in mice. Furthermore, MMO boosted the production of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and hemolysin in the serum and promoted the proliferation and differentiation of spleen T-lymphocytes. Taken together, our findings suggest that MMO plays a vital role in protection against immunosuppression in CTX-induced immune-deficient mice and could be a potential immunomodulatory candidate for use in functional foods or immunologic adjuvants.

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Tong, Chenning, and Khuong X. Nguyen. "Multipoint Monin–Obukhov Similarity and Its Application to Turbulence Spectra in the Convective Atmospheric Surface Layer." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 72, no. 11 (November 1, 2015): 4337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-15-0134.1.

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Abstract A generalized Monin–Obukhov similarity hypothesis for the atmospheric surface layer is proposed. It employs the Monin–Obukhov length as a length scale in both the horizontal and vertical directions, in contrast to the original Monin–Obukhov similarity. Therefore, the horizontal turbulence scales, which are contained in multipoint statistics, must be explicitly included. The similarity hypothesis is formulated for the joint probability density function (JPDF) of multipoint velocity and temperature differences and is termed the multipoint Monin–Obukhov similarity (MMO). In MMO, the nondimensional JPDF in the surface layer depends on the separation vectors and the heights from the ground, both nondimensionalized by the Monin–Obukhov length. A key aspect of MMO is that at heights much smaller than the absolute value of the Monin–Obukhov length, both shear and buoyancy can be important. As an application, MMO is used to predict the two-dimensional horizontal turbulence spectra in the convective surface layer. It predicts a two-layer structure with three scaling ranges. Comparisons of the predicted spectra with those obtained using high-resolution large-eddy simulations show general agreement, supporting MMO. Within MMO, full similarity is only achieved for multipoint statistics, while similarity properties (or a lack thereof) for one-point statistics (the original Monin–Obukhov similarity) can be derived from those of multipoint statistics. MMO provides a new framework for analyzing the turbulence statistics and for understanding the dynamics in the atmospheric surface layer.

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Lee, Keun-Bae, Hyun-Kee Yang, Eun-Sun Moon, and Eun-Kyoo Song. "Modified Step-Cut Medial Malleolar Osteotomy for Osteochondral Grafting of the Talus." Foot & Ankle International 29, no. 11 (November 2008): 1107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3113/fai.2008.1107.

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Background: Osteochondral grafting for the treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) usually requires a medial malleolar osteotomy (MMO) to achieve adequate intraarticular exposure. This study describes the technique used and the results obtained using a modified step-cut MMO for osteochondral grafting of talar dome lesions. Materials and Method: Eleven feet in ten patients underwent modified step-cut MMO prior to osteochondral grafting for OLT. The patients included three women and seven men with a mean age of 40 (range, 20 to 51) years. Modified step-cut MMO consisted of an oblique osteotomy, which was made at approximately 45 degrees to the transverse plane of the proposed traditional step-cut osteotomy, and a vertical osteotomy to the axilla on the medial tibial plafond. Results: In all patients, modified step-cut MMO provided better perpendicular access to lesions than traditional step-cut osteotomy. In all cases, the osteochondral graft plug was accurately set perpendicular to the defect area, and all ten patients experienced uncomplicated osteotomy healing at a mean 8 weeks postoperatively without loss of reduction or malreduction. Conclusion: Modified step-cut MMO is an excellent, reproducible method for perpendicular access to a talar dome lesion. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Study

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Mancera, Bibiana M., Angus Shiva Mungal, Joseph De Santis, and Elias Provencio-Vasquez. "Reflections of Men of Mexican Origin: A Grounded Theory Study of Intimate Partner Violence Risk Factors." American Journal of Men's Health 12, no. 5 (July 17, 2018): 1784–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988318787617.

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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a societal problem with many repercussions for the health care and judicial systems. In the United States, women of color are frequently affected by IPV and experience negative, physical, and mental ramifications. Increasing IPV perpetration and perpetration recurrence rates among men of Mexican origin (MMO) warrants a better understanding of unique risk factors that can only be described by these men. Qualitative studies regarding MMO and distinct IPV risk factors among this populace are few and infrequent. The purpose of this study was to describe IPV risk factors among men of MMO and to describe the process by which these men are able to overcome IPV perpetration risk factors. Fifty-six men of Mexican origin from a low-income housing community in far-west Texas were recruited for participation in audiotaped focus groups. Grounded theory (GT) methodology techniques were utilized to analyze, translate, and transcribe focus group data. Data collection ended when saturation occurred. Participants described risk factors for IPV. Emerging themes included: environment as a context, societal view of MMO, family of origin, normalcy, male and female contributing factors to IPV, and breaking through. Theme abstractions led to the midrange theory of Change Through Inspired Self-Reflection which describes the process of how MMO move from IPV perpetration to nonviolence. The results of the study provide insight on what MMO believe are IPV risk factors. There are implications for clinicians who provide services to MMO, and provide the impetus for future research among this population.

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Wahba, Osama A. G., Ali M. Hassan, H. Abd El-wahab, A. Mohy-Eldin, A. M. Naser, and Osama A. Fouad. "Synthesis of nanosized mixed metal oxides heat and corrosion resistant pigments: CaMnO3, Ca2Cr2O5 and CaSb2O6." Pigment & Resin Technology 44, no. 6 (November 2, 2015): 379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-06-2014-0049.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the synthesis of calcium-based group of mixed metal oxide (MMO) pigments. The evaluation of these pigments as heat and corrosion resistant was also explored. Design/methodology/approach – Two simple synthesis techniques, namely, co-precipitation and solid-state calcination method, were used to synthesise nanosized MMO pigments. And then the physico-chemical requirements according to standards for the synthesised pigments are investigated. Findings – The prepared MMO pigments were mainly in the single phase double oxide forms. The prepared oxides exhibited good heat (up to 600°C) and corrosion resistance properties (in 5 per cent NaCl for 500 h). Research limitations/implications – This paper investigates the physico-chemical properties of synthesised calcium-based group of MMO pigments. And then evaluate it as heat and corrosion resistant paints. The simple techniques used for synthesis of nanosized MMO pigments will significantly improve the research and development of pigments’ structure and performance. Practical implications – Calcium-based MMO pigments can be used as heat and corrosion resistant pigments. The easy synthesis of the mixed oxide pigments will open the door for further vital special industrial uses and applications. Originality/value – Low cost, simple techniques and using naturally abundant material can be used for mass production of some other low-cost nanosized materials.

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Yin, Jiefu, Alexander B. Brady, Esther S. Takeuchi, Amy C. Marschilok, and Kenneth J. Takeuchi. "Magnesium-ion battery-relevant electrochemistry of MgMn2O4: crystallite size effects and the notable role of electrolyte water content." Chemical Communications 53, no. 26 (2017): 3665–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc00265c.

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Babulal, Sivakumar Musuvadhi, Tse-Wei Chen, Shen-Ming Chen, Wedad A. Al-Onazi, and Amal M. Al-Mohaimeed. "Manganese Molybdenum Oxide Micro Rods Adorned Porous Carbon Hybrid Electrocatalyst for Electrochemical Determination of Furazolidone in Environmental Fluids." Catalysts 11, no. 11 (November 18, 2021): 1397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11111397.

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The frequent occurrence of furazolidone (FZD) in environmental fluids reveals the ongoing increase in use and raises concerns about the need of monitoring it. To investigate the electrochemical behavior of FZD, a novel sensor of manganese molybdenum oxide (MMO) micro rods adorned three-dimensional porous carbon (PC) electrocatalyst was constructed. The crystalline structure and surface morphology of the MMO/PC composite was characterized by XRD, Raman, FESEM, and HR-TEM. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and amperometric(i-t) methods were used to assess the electrocatalytic activity of modified electrodes. In the presence of FZD, the as-fabricated MMO/PC modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) performed better at lower potentials with a greater peak current than other modified GCE. These results emanate from the synergistic effect of the MMO/PC suspension on the GCE. The electrochemical behavior of the amperometric(i-t) technique was used to determine FZD. Amperometric(i-t) detection yielded linear dynamic ranges of 150 nM to 41.05 µM and 41.05 to 471.05 µM with detection limits of 30 nM. The MMO/PC hybrid sensor was also effectively used to detect FZD in environmental fluids, yielding ultra-trace level detection.

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Peng, Yaping, Tie Liu, Sheng-Li Qin, Tapas Baug, Hong-Li Liu, Ke Wang, Guido Garay, et al. "ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions – X. Chemical differentiation among the massive cores in G9.62+0.19." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 512, no. 3 (March 9, 2022): 4419–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac624.

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ABSTRACT Investigating the physical and chemical structure of massive star-forming regions is critical for understanding the formation and early evolution of massive stars. We performed a detailed line survey toward six dense cores, named MM1, MM4, MM6, MM7, MM8, and MM11, in the G9.62+0.19 star-forming region resolved in Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) band 3 observations. Toward these cores, about 172 transitions have been identified and attributed to 16 species, including organic oxygen-, nitrogen-, and sulphur-bearing molecules and their isotopologues. Four dense cores, MM7, MM8, MM4, and MM11, are line-rich sources. Modelling of these spectral lines reveals that the rotational temperature lies in the range 72–115, 100–163, 102–204, and 84–123 K for MM7, MM8, MM4, and MM11, respectively. The molecular column densities are 1.6 × 1015–9.2 × 1017 cm−2 toward the four cores. The cores MM8 and MM4 show a chemical difference between oxygen- and nitrogen-bearing species, i.e. MM4 is rich in oxygen-bearing molecules, while nitrogen-bearing molecules, especially vibrationally excited HC3N lines, are mainly observed in MM8. The distinct initial temperatures at the accretion phase may lead to this N/O differentiation. Through analysing column densities and spatial distributions of O-bearing complex organic molecules (COMs), we found that C2H5OH and CH3OCH3 might have a common precursor, CH3OH. CH3OCHO and CH3OCH3 are likely chemically linked. In addition, the observed variation in HC3N and HC5N emission may indicate their different formation mechanisms in hot and cold regions.

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Park, Mijung, and Taeksoon Lee. "A Study on the Application Characteristics of the Insoluble MMO (Mixed Metal Oxide) Electrode for Energy Reduction of Zinc Electrowinning Process." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 42, no. 9 (September 30, 2020): 424–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2020.42.9.424.

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Objective : The zinc electrowinning industry is one of the high energy consumption industries where energy saving is required. In the zinc electrowining process, electrode is a high energy consuming part. In order to reduce energy use in the electrolytic smelting industry, a comparative study was conducted on the current usage of Pb+Ag alloy electrode and insoluble composite metal oxide (MMO) electrode.Methods : In this study, a comparative evaluation of energy consumption was conducted between the generally used Pb+Ag alloy electrode and an insoluble MMO electrode. Aluminum was used as a reducing electrode. The actual on-site zinc electrowinning solution and ZnSO₄ simulated solution were prepared to estimate the electrode potential, voltage, zinc deposition efficiency, and lifetime characteristics under the current density of 500 A/m².Results and Discussion : The overvoltage of the insoluble MMO electrode was 28.9% lower and the voltage was 15.0% lower than that of Pb+Ag alloy electrode. The zinc deposition efficiency of the insoluble MMO electrode was higher 1.9% in the actual on-site zinc electrowinning solution and 6.3% in the simulated solution. Compared with the Pb+Ag alloy electrode in use, the insoluble composite metal oxide electrode exhibited low overvoltage, good voltage characteristics, and high current efficiency characteristics.Conclusions : When the energy consumption of the Pb+Ag alloy and the insoluble MMO electrodes was compared, The insoluble MMO electrode showed 17.0% lower energy consumption in the actual on-site zinc electrowinning solution and 23.8% lower in the ZnSO₄ simulated solution than Pb+Ag alloy electrode.

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Park, YounJung, Taeyang Lee, Minkyeong Seog, Seong-Oh Kim, Joohee Kim, Jeong-Seung Kwon, and Chung-Min Kang. "An Analysis of the Temporomandibular Joint Range of Motion and Related Factors in Children and Adolescents." Children 8, no. 6 (June 17, 2021): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8060515.

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This study was designed to establish safe guidelines for pediatric dental practice regarding temporomandibular joint (TMJ) range of motion (ROM) and mouth area (MA). A total of 438 children aged 3–15 years old of homogenous ethnicity participated in the study; the distribution of participants was approximately equal (sex; n = 15; age, n = 30). Maximum mouth opening (MMO), body height, weight, and age of each participant were recorded, and the TMJ ROM including anterior and lateral movements, MA, and mouth width were documented. Males showed higher mouth width, MMO, and MA values than females. MMO and MA increased with age, height, and weight in a statistically significant manner. MMO of 40 mm is reached by the age of 5.2 years, at a height of 105.9 cm and a weight of 18.6 kg. MMO showed a moderate correlation with age, height, weight, and mouth width, and MA moderately correlated with mouth width. Anterior and lateral movements did not show any close relation to these aforementioned factors. The findings of this study suggest that forcible mouth opening over 40 mm should be more cautiously considered, especially in children shorter than 105 cm, lighter than 18 kg and in children under 5 years old.

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Lu, Yi, Pingan Yang, Yanhong Li, Dandan Wen, Jiasai Luo, Shuhui Wang, Fang Wu, Liang Fang, and Yu Pang. "A Facile Synthesis of NiFe-Layered Double Hydroxide and Mixed Metal Oxide with Excellent Microwave Absorption Properties." Molecules 26, no. 16 (August 20, 2021): 5046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26165046.

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Microwave-absorbing materials have attracted increased research interest in recent years because of their core roles in the fields of electromagnetic (EM) pollution precaution and information security. In this paper, microwave-absorbing material NiFe-layered double hydroxide (NiFe-LDH) was synthesized by a simple co-precipitation method and calcined for the fabrication of NiFe-mixed metal oxide (NiFe-MMO). The phase structure and micromorphology of the NiFe-LDH and NiFe-MMO were analyzed, and their microwave-absorbing properties were investigated with a vector network analyzer in 2–18 GHz. Both NiFe-LDH and NiFe-MMO possessed abundant interfaces and a low dielectric constant, which were beneficial to electromagnetic wave absorption, owing to the synergistic effect of multi-relaxation and impedance matching. The optimum reflection loss (RL) of NiFe-LDH and NiFe-MMO was −58.8 dB and −64.4 dB, respectively, with the thickness of 4.0 mm in the C band. This work demonstrates that LDH-based materials have a potential application in electromagnetic wave absorption.

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Lee, Sung-Woo, David R. Keeney, Dong-Hee Lim, Alan A. Dispirito, and Jeremy D. Semrau. "Mixed Pollutant Degradation by Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b Expressing either Soluble or Particulate Methane Monooxygenase: Can the Tortoise Beat the Hare?" Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 12 (September 29, 2006): 7503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01604-06.

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ABSTRACT Methanotrophs have been widely investigated for in situ bioremediation due to their ubiquity and their ability to degrade halogenated hydrocarbons through the activity of methane monooxygenase (MMO). It has been speculated that cells expressing the soluble form of MMO (sMMO) are more efficient in cleaning up sites polluted with halogenated hydrocarbons due to its broader substrate range and relatively fast degradation rates compared cells expressing the other form of MMO, the particulate MMO (pMMO). To examine this issue, the biodegradation of mixtures of chlorinated solvents, i.e., trichloroethylene (TCE), trans-dichloroethylene (t-DCE), and vinyl chloride (VC), by Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b in the presence of methane using either form of MMO was investigated over longer time frames than those commonly used, i.e., days instead of hours. Growth of M. trichosporium OB3b along with pollutant degradation were monitored and analyzed using a simple comparative model developed from the Ω model created for analysis of the competitive binding of oxygen and carbon dioxide by ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase. From these findings, it appears that at concentrations of VC, t-DCE, and TCE greater than 10 μM each, methanotrophs expressing pMMO have a competitive advantage over cells expressing sMMO due to higher growth rates. Despite such an apparent growth advantage, pMMO-expressing cells degraded less of these substrates at these concentrations than sMMO-expressing cells during active growth. If the concentrations were increased to 100 μM, however, not only did pMMO-expressing cells grow faster, they degraded more of these pollutants and did so in a shorter amount of time. These findings suggest that the relative rates of growth substrate and pollutant degradation are important factors in determining which form of MMO should be considered for pollutant degradation.

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Wang, Zhen, Yan-Li Shi, and Hu-Lin Li. "Investigation of two-component mixed self-assembled monolayers on gold." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 79, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 328–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v01-022.

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Two-component mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) composed of 2-mercapto-5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (MMO) and 1-dodecanethiol (C12SH) in various molar percentages were prepared on gold surfaces by self-assembly. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and wettability results gave evidence that the coverage of MMO was controlled by the composition of MMO in the assembling solution. The monolayer coverage and apparent rate constant of the redox active probes in solution of different molar ratios of mixed SAMs could be calculated using impedance measurements. The cyclic voltammetry reveals that the probes are selectively passed through the mixed SAMs depending upon their properties.Key words: self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electrochemistry, electrochemical impedance analysis.

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Liu, Xuanhui, Yani Zhang, Xiurui Zhu, Sheeno P. Thyparambil, Wei-Li Liao, Xiao-bin Zheng, Jin You, et al. "Multi-omics longitudinal analyses in stages I to III CRC patients: Surveillance liquid biopsy test to predict early recurrence and enable risk-stratified postoperative CRC management." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 3613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.3613.

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3613 Background: One-third of colorectal cancer (CRC) recurs following curative surgery and chemotherapy. Accordingly, novel methods are needed to predict recurrence to enable clinical course mitigating strategies. Serial monitoring of plasma by mass spectrometry (MS) and multi-omics modeling (MMO) of CRC relapse chronology provide the framework for liquid biopsy test development to supersede existing imaging modalities such as CT scans according to relapse related pathologies. We hypothesized that plasma MS and MMO analysis of relapse related pathologies can deconvolute high risk stratification for CRC recurrence within the cancer continuum of care pre/post-surgery and/or pre/post adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT). Methods: 189 CRC patients (Stage I-III) underwent one of three treatment modalities: Modality 1 (Surgery followed by ACT), Modality 2 (Surgery only), Modality 3 (Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery and ACT). Plasma samples (n = 441) were collected from patients before surgery, 30 days post-op, and every 3 months until death or month 24 whichever came first. The MMO approach was used to analyze biological features encompassing native peptides, proteins, metabolites, lipids, and ceramides. MMO panels were developed comprising the significantly perturbed features as per the treatment modalities. These panels were used to predict relapse from plasma collected pre-op, 30-day post-op or after adjuvant chemotherapy. CEA levels were monitored in parallel. Results: Follow-up data was available for 135 patients (Stage I-III) and 25/135 had evidence of radiological recurrence. Irrespective of the treatment modality, longitudinal follow-up using the MMO panel was able to predict disease recurrence greater than 7 months before clinical progression was confirmed by CT scan. There was no significant correlation between longitudinal CEA levels and recurrence status, hence CEA levels alone did not provide any lead time advantage over the MMO panel or radiological surveillance. Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis revealed that patients that were MMO panel positive had a poor survival irrespective of treatment modalities used: Modality 1 (HR = 6.2, p value = 0.003, test immediately post-surgery and immediately before ACT; HR = 31.6, p value = 0.01, test immediately after ACT); Modality 2 (HR = 11.2; p value = 0.01, test immediately after-surgery); Modality 3 (HR > 40, p value = 0.08, test immediately after neo-ACT and before-surgery; HR > 40, p value = 0.004, test immediately after-surgery). Conclusions: The MMO panel predicts CRC recurrence several months prior to detection by conventional CT scans, thus providing opportunity for alternative therapeutic strategies much earlier in the disease course.

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Lipscomb, J. D., and Lawrence Que. "MMO: P450 in wolf's clothing?" JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry 3, no. 3 (June 1998): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007750050241.

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Golova, L. K., O. E. Borodina, L. K. Kuznetsova, T. A. Lyubova, and T. B. Krylova. "The solid-phase MMO process." Fibre Chemistry 32, no. 4 (July 2000): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02360716.

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Tong, Chenning, and Mengjie Ding. "Multi-point Monin–Obukhov similarity in the convective atmospheric surface layer using matched asymptotic expansions." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 864 (February 11, 2019): 640–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.38.

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The multi-point Monin–Obukhov similarity (MMO) was recently proposed (Tong & Nguyen, J. Atmos. Sci., vol. 72, 2015, pp. 4337–4348) to address the issue of incomplete similarity in the framework of the original Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (MOST). MMO hypothesizes the following: (1) The surface-layer turbulence, defined to consist of eddies that are entirely inside the surface layer, has complete similarity, which however can only be represented by multi-point statistics, requiring a horizontal characteristic length scale (absent in MOST). (2) The Obukhov length $L$ is also the characteristic horizontal length scale; therefore, all surface-layer multi-point statistics, non-dimensionalized using the surface-layer parameters, depend only on the height and separations between the points, non-dimensionalized using $L$. However, similar to MOST, MMO was also proposed as a hypothesis based on phenomenology. In this work we derive MMO analytically for the case of the horizontal Fourier transforms of the velocity and potential temperature fluctuations, which are equivalent to the two-point horizontal differences of these variables, using the spectral forms of the Navier–Stokes and the potential temperature equations. We show that, for the large-scale motions (wavenumber $k<1/z$) in a convective surface layer, the solution is uniformly valid with respect to $z$ (i.e. as $z$ decreases from $z>-L$ to $z<-L$), where $z$ is the height from the surface. However, for $z<-L$ the solution is not uniformly valid with respective to $k$ as it increases from $k<-1/L$ to $k>-1/L$, resulting in a singular perturbation problem, which we analyse using the method of matched asymptotic expansions. We show that (1) $-L$ is the characteristic horizontal length scale, and (2) the Fourier transforms satisfy MMO with the non-dimensional wavenumber $-kL$ as the independent similarity variable. Two scaling ranges, the convective range and the dynamic range, discovered for $z\ll -L$ in Tong & Nguyen (2015) are obtained. We derive the leading-order spectral scaling exponents for the two scaling ranges and the corrections to the scaling ranges for finite ratios of the length scales. The analysis also reveals the dominant dynamics in each scaling range. The analytical derivations of the characteristic horizontal length scale ($L$) and the validity of MMO for the case of two-point horizontal separations provide strong support to MMO for general multi-point velocity and temperature differences.

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Jung, Sang-Yong, Bo-Kyung Kim, Hyoung-Jun Kim, and Jae-Min Oh. "Development of Mesopore Structure of Mixed Metal Oxide through Albumin-Templated Coprecipitation and Reconstruction of Layered Double Hydroxide." Nanomaterials 11, no. 3 (March 2, 2021): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11030620.

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Mixed metal oxide (MMO) with relatively homogeneous mesopores was successfully obtained by calcination and reconstruction of albumin-templated layered double hydroxide (LDH). The aggregation degree of albumin-template was controlled by adjusting two different synthesis routes, coprecipitation and reconstruction. X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron microscopic images indicated that crystal growth of LDH was fairly limited during albumin-templated coprecipitation due to the aggregation. On the hand, crystal growth along the lateral direction was facilitated in albumin-templated reconstruction due to the homogeneous distribution of proteins moiety. Different state of albumin during LDH synthesis influenced the local disorder and porous structure of calcination product, MMO. The N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms demonstrated that calcination on reconstructed LDH produced MMO with large specific surface area and narrow distribution of mesopores compared with calcination of coprecipitated LDH.

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Schmidt, Alexander, Leona Klussmann, Maximiliane A. Schlenz, and Bernd Wöstmann. "Elastic deformation of the mandibular jaw revisited—a clinical comparison between digital and conventional impressions using a reference." Clinical Oral Investigations 25, no. 7 (January 13, 2021): 4635–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-03777-z.

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Abstract Objectives Due to the partly strongly differing results in the literature, the aim of the present study was to investigate a possible deformation of the mandible during mouth opening using an intraoral scanner (IOS) and a conventional impression for comparison with a reference aid. Materials and methods Four steel spheres were reversibly luted in the mandibular (n = 50) with a metallic reference aid at maximum mouth opening (MMO). Two digital impressions (Trios3), at MMO and at slightly mouth opening SMO and a conventional impression (Impregum), were taken as the measuring accuracy of the reference structure was already known. Difference between MMO-SMO for digital impressions and deviations between digital and conventional (SMO) were calculated. Furthermore, the angle between the normal vectors of two constructed planes was measured. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS25. Results Deviations for linear distances ranged from −1 ± 3 μm up to 17 ± 78 μm (digital impressions, MMO-SMO), from 19 ± 16 μm up to 132 ± 90 μm (digital impressions, SMO), and from 28 ± 17 μm up to 60 ± 52 μm (conventional impressions, SMO). There were no significant differences for digital impressions (MMO-SMO), and there were significant differences between the conventional and digital impressions at SMO. Conclusions Based on the results of the present study, no mandibular deformation could be detected during mouth opening with regard to the digital impressions. The results were rather within the measuring tolerance of the intraoral scanner. Clinical relevance Based on the present study, no deformation of the mandibular during mouth opening could be observed at the level previously assumed. Therewith related, dental techniques related to a possible mandibular deformation therefore should be reconsidered.

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Lee, Keunhyo, and Seungchul Chon. "Assessments of Muscle Thickness and Tonicity of the Masseter and Sternocleidomastoid Muscles and Maximum Mouth Opening in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorder." Healthcare 9, no. 12 (November 26, 2021): 1640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9121640.

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The purpose of this study was to compare the muscle thickness and tone of the masseter and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles and maximum mouth opening (MMO) in subjects with and without temporomandibular disorders (TMD), and perform a correlation comparison on the results of the TMD group. Sixty patients were allocated to the TMD group (n = 30) or the non-TMD group (n = 30). Ultrasound imaging, myotonometer, and vernier calipers were used to determine the related changes in muscle thickness and muscle tone in masseter and SCM, and MMO, respectively. The TMD group revealed a significant decrease than the non-TMD group in the muscle thickness of masseter and SCM, respectively (p < 0.001), with a significant increase in frequency (p < 0.001) and stiffness (p < 0.001) in the masseter muscle tone, with a significant increase in frequency (p < 0.001) and stiffness (p = 0.005) in the SCM muscle tone, a significant decrease in the MMO (p < 0.001). There was a moderate negative correlation between the relaxed state of masseter muscle thickness and stiffness of SCM muscle tone (r = −0.40, p = 0.002), and a moderate negative correlation between the relaxed state of SCM muscle thickness and frequency of SCM muscle tone (r = −0.42, p = 0.001). There was a moderate negative correlation between the clenching state of SCM muscle thickness and the frequency of SCM muscle tone (r = −0.47, p < 0.001). In addition, a moderate negative correlation between MMO and frequency of SCM muscle tone (r = −0.44, p < 0.001). The muscle thickness was decreased, and the muscle tone was increased in the masseter and SCM muscle, respectively. Additionally, MMO was decreased in patients with TMD compared with non-TMD.

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Samsurim, Shazwani, Nor Ashikin Mohamad Kamal, Marina Ismail, and Norizan Mat Diah. "Prediction Outcome for Massive Multiplayer Online Games Using Data Mining." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 11, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i1.pp248-255.

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Massive Multiplayer Online (MMO) game is one of the famous game genres among teenagers nowadays. MMO games allow gamers to interact and play with up to thousand players. Rainbow Six Siege (RSS) belongs to MMO type of game. However, due to many operators that are available in this game, the player needs to choose the right operator to counter the enemy operator. Therefore, based on the characteristic of the selected operator, this paper attempted to predict the outcomes of the game. In our prediction model, characteristics for these operators were extracted from 120 live stream replays. Three classification algorithms were utilized to predict the outcome of the game. Among these algorithms, IBK had obtained outstanding performance in the dataset. The accuracy of the model is 93.75%, applying 5-fold cross-validation test. The success rate reveals that our proposed model is suitable to predict the outcome of the game.

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Fujiwara, M. "Analysis of ion behavior and potentials in a Na+ ion-selective membrane containing methyl monensin." Clinical Chemistry 37, no. 8 (August 1, 1991): 1375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/37.8.1375.

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Abstract Ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) are widely used in clinical examinations. The mechanisms of ISEs have been studied to develop a disposable ISE for "dry chemistry" analyses. The behavior of Na+ and Ag+ in an ion-selective polymer liquid membrane (ISM) containing methyl monensin (MMO), which is selective for Na+, has been clarified by x-ray microanalysis and measurement of electrical potential. The results indicate that Na+ is not transported across the membrane because of a stability of the Na(+)-MMO complex, whereas Ag+ (from the Ag/AgCl electrode) is transported with Cl- across the membrane by diffusion. The difference in potential, which follows a Nernst gradient, is generated by the formation of a double layer of electrons at the interface between the ISM and the electrolyte solution. These results are explainable by the stability of the trap in the polymer liquid membrane. MMO acts as a stable trap of Na+ and as a metastable site of Ag+ for movement.

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Shin, Byung-Cheul, Chung-Hyo Ha, Yung-Sun Song, and Myeong Soo Lee. "Effectiveness of Combining Manual Therapy and Acupuncture on Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction: A Retrospective Study." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 35, no. 02 (January 2007): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x07004746.

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This retrospective study investigated the effects of combining manual therapy and acupuncture on the pain and maximal mouth opening (MMO), which were associated with temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD). The 49 TMD patients (15 men, 34 women; mean age = 30.47 years, SD = 13.52 years) were treated with a combination of acupuncture and manual therapy two or three times a week at the hospital. The pain and maximal mouth opening were assessed before and after 1 and 4 weeks of treatment. The combination therapy produced significant changes in pain levels ( p < 0.001) and mouth opening ( p < 0.001). All pairwise non-parametric comparison showed a significant improvement in pain ( p < 0.05 for all pairs) and MMO ( p < 0.05 for all pairs). These findings suggest that combining manual therapy and acupuncture decreases the pain level and increases the MMO of TMD patients. However, future studies should further investigate the efficacy of combined treatment on TMD with more rigorous randomized clinical trials.

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Ducheneaut, Nicolas, Nick Yee, Eric Nickell, and Robert J. Moore. "Building an MMO With Mass Appeal." Games and Culture 1, no. 4 (October 2006): 281–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555412006292613.

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Wu, Zhiyi, Pingzhou Wang, Jie Wang, and Tianwei Tan. "Guerbet Reactions for Biofuel Production from ABE Fermentation Using Bifunctional Ni-MgO-Al2O3 Catalysts." Catalysts 11, no. 4 (March 24, 2021): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11040414.

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To upgrade biomass-derived alcohol mixtures to biofuels under solvent-free conditions, MgO–Al2O3 mixed metal oxides (MMO) decorated with Ni nanoparticles (Ni–MgO–Al2O3) are synthesized and characterized. Based on the result, Ni nanoparticles are highly dispersed on the surface of MgAl MMO. As the Ni loading content varies from 2 to 10 wt.%, there is a slight increase in the mean Ni particle size from 6.7 to 8.5 nm. The effects of Ni loading amount, reducing temperature, and Mg/Al ratio on the conversion and product distribution are investigated. With the increase in both the Ni loading amount and reducing temperature, dehydrogenation (the first step of the entire reaction network) is accelerated. This results in an increase in the conversion process and a higher selectivity for the dialkylated compounds. Due to the higher strength and density of basic sites under high Mg/Al ratios, double alkylation is preferred and more long-chain hydrocarbons are obtained. A conversion of 89.2% coupled with a total yield of 79.9% for C5–C15 compounds is acquired by the as-prepared catalyst (prepared with Ni loading of 6 wt.%, reducing temperature of 700 °C, and Mg/Al molar ratio of 3. After four runs, the conversion drops by 17.1%, and this loss in the catalytic activity can be attributed to the decrease in the surface area of the catalyst and the increase in the Ni mean particle size.

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Devi T, Gokila, Nagaraja Suryadevara S, and Gopinath L R. "Assessment of Cytotoxicity on Moringa Olifera Against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma in Swiss Albino Mice." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology 2, no. 3 (September 25, 2017): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2017.2.3.57-61.

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Objective: The present study determines the potent cytotoxic and antitumor properties of methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves.Material and Method: The leaves were collected from in and around Tiruchengode of Nammakal district of Tamilnadu. The collected leaves were shade dried and powdered and the Methanolic extract was extracted using the soxhlet apparatus. In-vitro cytotoxicity study was done by Tryphan Blue Dye Exclusion method and MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazolyl-2)-2, 5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. In short-term cytotoxicity study by Tryphan Blue Dye Exclusion method the IC50 value against EAC cell lines was found to be 163.91 µg/ml. In Long-term cytotoxicity study by MTT assay the IC50 value against Normal Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast (NIH 3T3) was found to be 260.85 µg/ml for Human Cervical Cancer cells (HeLA) was 182.41 µg/ml for Human Laryngeal Epithelial Carcinoma (HeP-2) was 195.93. µg/ml and for Human Liver Cancer cells (HepG2) was 168.61 µg/ml. The MST of the control group was 17.33 ± 1.53 days, whereas it was 43.67 ± 1.15, 23.67 ± 1.53 and 33.33 ± 1.53 days for the groups treated with MMO (200 and 400mg/kg) and 5 FU respectively (0.001 & 0.001). The increase in lifespan of Tumour-bearing mice treated with MMO and 5-FU was found to be 36. 75, 92.78 and 152.84 respectively.Result: Haematological parameters of a tumour bearing mice on the day 14 were showed significant changes when compared to normal mice. The total WBC count, protein and PCV were found to increase with a reduction in the hemoglobin content of RBC. At the same time interval, MMO (200 and 400mg/kg) treatment could change these parameters near normal. Maximum alternation occurred in the MMO treatment at the dose of (400mg/kg). There was the significant reduction in the Tumour volume of mice treated with MMO (200 and 400 mg/kg/p.o.). The Tumour volume of control animals was 2. 92 ± 0.12 ml where it was 2.55 ± 0.11 ml and 1.82 ± 0.04 ml for the groups treated with MMO (200 and 400mg/kg/p.o) respectively (P < 0.01 & 0.005).Coclusion: The present study provides clear evidence, that the extract of Moringa olifera shows effective cytotoxicity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells in Swiss albino mice. A further study about the active principles and mechanism of action of the Methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera at the molecular level was needed.

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Lozi, René, Mohammed-Salah Abdelouahab, and Guanrong Chen. "Mixed-Mode Oscillations Based on Complex Canard Explosion in a Fractional-Order Fitzhugh-Nagumo Model." Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences 5, no. 2 (November 10, 2020): 239–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amns.2020.2.00047.

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AbstractThis article highlights particular mixed-mode oscillations (MMO) based on canard explosion observed in a fractional-order Fitzhugh-Nagumo (FFHN) model. In order to rigorously analyze the dynamics of the FFHN model, a recently introduced mathematical notion, the Hopf-like bifurcation (HLB), which provides a precise definition for the change between a fixed point and an S−asymptotically T−periodic solution, is used. The existence of HLB in this FFHN model is proved and the appearance of MMO based on canard explosion in the neighborhoods of such HLB points are numerically investigated using a new algorithm: the global-local canard explosion search algorithm. This MMO is constituted of various patterns of solutions with an increasing number of small-amplitude oscillations when two key parameters of the FFHN model are varied simultaneously. On the basis of such numerical experiment, it is conjectured that chaos could occur in a two-dimensional fractional-order autonomous dynamical system, with the fractional-order close to one. Therefore, this very simple two-dimensional FFHN model, presents an incredible ability to mimic the complex dynamics of neurons.

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XU, JIAN, HUA-QING YANG, SONG QIN, and CHANG-WEI HU. "THEORETICAL STUDY ON METHANE HYDROXYLATION BY MIMIC METHANE MONOOXYGENASE WITH bis(μ-OXO)DIMANGANESE CORE." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 09, no. 01 (February 2010): 233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633610005633.

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The reaction mechanism for methane hydroxylation catalyzed by mimic methane monooxygenase (MMO) with bis(μ-oxo)dimanganese core has been investigated on the septet and nonet potential energy surfaces by hybrid density functional method B3LYP. The key reactive compound Q of MMO was modeled by trans- (H2CNH)(COOH) Mn(μ-O)2(μ-HCOO)2Mn(H2CNH)(COOH) . The ground state of Q is located on the septet state, which has a diamond-core structure with two Mn(IV) atoms. It is shown that the reaction proceeds via a radical-rebound mechanism, in which the step of C–H cleavage is the rate-determining step both in the gas phase and solution. Furthermore, the reaction may proceed more easily as the polarity of solution is larger. On the other hand, the kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) for H atom abstraction from methane are taken into account on the basis of transition state theory with Wigner tunneling corrections. The mimic MMO with bis(μ-oxo)dimanganese core might be an effective mimic catalyst for methane hydroxylation.

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Salih, Ethar Yahya, Asmiet Ramizy, Osamah Aldaghri, Mohd Faizul Mohd Sabri, Nawal Madkhali, Tarfah Alinad, Khalid Hassan Ibnaouf, and Mohamed Hassan Eisa. "In-Depth Optical Analysis of Zn(Al)O Mixed Metal Oxide Film-Based Zn/Al-Layered Double Hydroxide for TCO Application." Crystals 12, no. 1 (January 6, 2022): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12010079.

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In this article, an in-depth optical investigation of Zn(Al)O-mixed metal oxide (MMO) film using Zn/Al-layered double hydroxide (LDH) was elucidated through co-precipitation and spin coating techniques. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis revealed the occurrence of a vertically aligned sheet-like structure with a thickness of 60 nm for pristine LDH, which further reduced to 45 nm after calcination at 300 °C. Additionally, pristine LDH showed multiple optical bandgaps of 5.18, 3.6, and 3.2 eV. Moreover, a good agreement of the obtained optical bandgaps was attained between both utilized methods, ultraviolet-visible light (UV-Vis), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. The optical bandgap decreased at higher calcination temperatures, which indicates the active role of the applied post-fabrication process on the optical profile of the deposited MMO film/s. The demonstrated transmittance spectra of the deposited MMO films exhibited a transparency between 85% and 95%; this indicates the usefulness and consistency of the proposed film for transparent conductive oxide (TCO) based optoelectronic applications.

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Wei, Danyi, Hailong Zhang, Lu Cai, Jian Guo, Yaning Wang, Lili Ji, and Wendong Song. "Calcined Mussel Shell Powder (CMSP) via Modification with Surfactants: Application for Antistatic Oil-Removal." Materials 11, no. 8 (August 11, 2018): 1410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11081410.

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Biomass is known to efficiently adsorb pollutants from wastewater. In this paper, we demonstrated that a new antistatic oil-cleaning material can be prepared and assembled by using two surfactants, alkyl polyglucosides (APG) and dimethyl octadecyl hydroxy ethyl ammonium nitrate (SN), to modify calcined mussel shell powder (CMSP) through a two-step hydrotherm-assisted adsorption. The pore size and structure of CMSP was measured by BET and a contact angle meter was used to characterize the surface wetting ability. XRD, FTIR, XPS, SEM, TEM, and HRTEM were employed to determine the surface structure of CMSP modified by surfactants APG and SN (MMO). In order to further characterize properties of the surface morphology and crystal structure, the HRTEM was employed to show that the MMO surface had a single crystal structure: calcite, with a crystal plane spacing of 0.2467 nm. The surface of MMO appeared to be fluffy and disperse. The antistatic and degreasing ability of as-prepared samples (MMO) was evaluated by a ZC-36 high resistance meter and BD-457 whiteness meter. The results showed that when the calcination temperature of CMSP reached 1000 °C, and the addition amount of APG and SN was 0.8 g and 0.16 g, it had an optimum antistatic effect with a surface resistivity (Rs) of 1.35 × 108 Ω, and a detergency rate to oil of 17.35%. This study aims to embrace a green solution to reduce environmental pressure and make use of waste, which is of great significance to environmental protection.

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Galitis, Evangelos, Vyron Droukas, Michail Tzakis, Vassileios Psarras, Dimitra Galiti, Eythymios Kyrodimos, Miltiadis Trichas, et al. "Trismus and reduced quality of life in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, who received post-operative radiotherapy alone or combined with chemotherapy." Forum of Clinical Oncology 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fco-2015-0023.

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Abstract Background Patients, who receive radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck cancer, develop chronic functional abnormalities and survive with reduced quality of life. Purpose We aimed to study patients with oral cancer, who received post-operative radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Patients Ten patients (mean age 63.8 years) were included. Methods Oral mucositis, pain and xerostomia, maximum mouth opening (MMO) and functional abnormalities before and after RT were recorded. The 35 mm MMO or less was accepted as trismus. Patients completed the EORTC QLQ C-30 and Head/Neck35 questionnaires. Results Mean RT dose was 64.3 Gray. Six patients received chemoradiotherapy. Severe mucositis, pain and xerostomia were recorded in 6 and 5 patients respectively. MMO was reduced in all patients. The mean MMO (34 mm) reached the level of trismus. The total number of symptoms increased from 3.1 to 6.3 in C-30 and from 3.1 to 8.8 per patient in the H/N35. Severe fatigue, pain, limitations at work, weakness, sad feelings, family problems, sleeping problems, anorexia, financial difficulties, tense/irritable, constipation, nausea, vomiting and depression were most often reported with C-30. Most patients reported low to moderate quality of life. Severe oral, jaw and neck pain, swallowing problems, taste alterations, sticky saliva, dry mouth, coarseness, dental problems, feeling sick and reduced interest in life/sex were the most common symptoms reported with N/H35. Conclusions The observed trismus, 2- to 3-fold increase of symptoms and poorer quality of life highlighted the need for support of oral cancer patients, who receive postoperative radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.

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Kolo, P. S., B. Otu, A. A. Banjo, and H. N. Kolo. "A study on haematology and serum biochemistry of wattled and non wattled Red Sokoto does and their offspring." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i1.2908.

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Wattle is of utmost ornamental importance for courting potential mates and influencing thermoregulatory mechanisms which help the animal adapt to the environment. It also provides information on relationship between haematological and serum biochemical parameters. A study on haematology and serum biochemistry of wattled and non wattled Red Sokoto does and their offspring was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, Minna. Fifty (52) Red Sokoto goats comprising of thirty-two (32) does four (4) bucks and sixteen (16) weaned kids managed semi-intensively were used for the study Blood samples were collected using 5 ml syringe and 22-guage needle from the jugular vein. 5 ml of blood was collected from each goat used out of which 2.5 ml was dispensed into Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid (EDTA) bottle while the remaining 2.5 ml was dispensed into plain (anticoagulant free) bottles and labelled properly according to the treatment group. Data collected were analyzed using SAS statistical package. It was observed: that wattle had significant effect (p<0.05) on Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), White Blood Cell (WBC), Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Chloride, Phosphorus, Cholesterol, Total Protein, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and Total Bilirubin of Red Sokoto Does but had no significant influence on the haematology and serum biochemistry of wean Red Sokoto kids. Does in T3 had the highest MCH values of 63.50 mmo/l while treatments T1, T2 and T4 had values of 23.00 mmo/l, 33.00mmo/l and 34.00mmo/l respectively. Also Does in T2, T3 and T4 recorded higher calcium levels of 2.54mmo/l, 2.56mmol/l and 2.61mmo/l) respectively compared to values of 2.29mmo/l recorded in T1. These relevant influence of wattle therefore should suggest the deployment of deliberate effort to preserve the wattle gene to prevent the goats carrying the gene from going to extinction. L'acacia est de la plus haute importance ornementale pour courtiser les partenaires potentiels et influencer les mécanismes de thermorégulation qui aident l'animal à s'adapter à l'environnement. Il fournit également des informations sur la relation entre les paramètres hématologiques et biochimiques sériques. Une étude sur l'hématologie et la biochimie sérique des femelles de chèvres Sokoto femelle rouge et de leur progéniture a été réalisée à la Ferme d'enseignement et de recherche du Département de la production animale, Université fédérale de technologie, Minna. Cinquante (52) chèvres Sokoto femelle rouges comprenant trente-deux (32) femelles quatre (4) mâles et seize (16) chevreaux sevrés gérés de manière semi-intensive ont été utilisés pour l'étude. Des échantillons de sang ont été prélevés à l'aide d'une seringue de 5 ml et d'une aiguille de calibre 22 de la veine jugulaire. 5 ml de sang ont été collectés sur chaque chèvre utilisée, dont 2,5 ml ont été distribués dans un flacon d'acide éthylène diamine tétra acétique (le 'EDTA') tandis que les 2,5 ml restants ont été distribués dans des flacons simples (sans anticoagulant) et étiquetés correctement selon le groupe de traitement. Les données collectées ont été analysées à l'aide du progiciel statistique 'SAS'. Il a été observé : que l'acacia avait un effet significatif (p <0,05) sur l'hémoglobine corpusculaire moyenne (le 'MCH'), la concentration moyenne d'hémoglobine corpusculaire (le 'MCHC'), les globules blancs (GB), le sodium, le potassium, le calcium, le chlorure, le phosphore, le cholestérol, Protéine, lipoprotéine de faible densité (LDL) et bilirubine totale de chèvres Sokoto femelle rouges mais n'ont eu aucune influence significative sur l'hématologie et la biochimie sérique des enfants sevrés Red Sokoto. Les lapins de T3 avaient les valeurs 'MCH' les plus élevées de 63,50 mmo / l tandis que les traitements T1, T2 et T4 avaient des valeurs de 23,00 mmo / l, 33,00 mmo / l et 34,00 mmo / l respectivement. En T2, T3 et T4 ont également enregistré des taux de calcium plus élevés de 2,54 mmo / l, 2,56 mmol / l et 2,61 mmo / l) respectivement par rapport aux valeurs de 2,29 mmo / l enregistrées en T1. Ces influences pertinentes de l'acacia devraient donc suggérer le déploiement d'efforts délibérés pour préserver le gène de l'acacia afin d'éviter que les chèvres porteuses du gène ne s'éteignent.

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Khodam, Fatemeh, Zolfaghar Rezvani, and Ali Reza Amani-Ghadim. "Fabrication of a novel ZnO/MMO/CNT nanohybrid derived from multi-cationic layered double hydroxide for photocatalytic degradation of azo dye under visible light." RSC Advances 5, no. 25 (2015): 19675–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra17001f.

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Yuan, Xiaoya, Xin Cheng, Qiuye Jing, Jiawei Niu, Dong Peng, Zijuan Feng, and Xue Wu. "ZnO/ZnAl2O4 Nanocomposite with 3D Sphere-Like Hierarchical Structure for Photocatalytic Reduction of Aqueous Cr(VI)." Materials 11, no. 9 (September 5, 2018): 1624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11091624.

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Three dimensional (3D) ZnO/ZnAl2O4 nanocomposites (ZnnAl-MMO) were synthesized by a simple urea-assisted hydrothermal process and subsequent high-temperature calcination. The as-prepared samples and their precursors were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and Photoluminescence spectra (PL). It was observed that the morphology of ZnnAl-MMO nanocomposites could be tuned from cubic aggregates, hierarchically flower-like spheres to porous microspheres by simply changing the molar ratio of metal cations of the starting reaction mixtures. The photocatalytic performance of ZnO/ZnAl2O4 nanocomposites in the photoreduction of aqueous Cr(VI) indicated that the as-prepared 3D hierarchical sphere-like ZnnAl-MMO nanocomposite showed excellent photocatalytic activity of Cr(VI) reduction under UV light irradiation. The results indicated that the maximum removal percentage of aqueous Cr(VI) was 98% within four hours at 10 mg/L initial concentration of Cr(VI), owing to the effective charge separation and diversion of photogenerated carriers across the heterojunction interface of the composite. Our study put forward a facile method to fabricate hierarchical ZnO/ZnAl2O4 composites with potential applications for wastewater treatment.

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Roberts, Andrew, John Guckenheimer, Esther Widiasih, Axel Timmermann, and Christopher K. R. T. Jones. "Mixed-Mode Oscillations of El Niño–Southern Oscillation." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 73, no. 4 (March 21, 2016): 1755–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-15-0191.1.

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Abstract Very strong El Niño events occur sporadically every 10–20 yr. The origin of this bursting behavior still remains elusive. Using a simplified three-dimensional dynamical model of the tropical Pacific climate system, which captures El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) combined with recently developed mathematical tools for fast–slow systems, the authors show that decadal ENSO bursting behavior can be explained as a mixed-mode oscillation (MMO), which also predicts a critical threshold for rapid amplitude growth. It is hypothesized that the MMO dynamics of the low-dimensional climate model can be linked to a saddle-focus equilibrium point, which mimics a tropical Pacific Ocean state without ocean circulation.

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Cole, Sadie H., and Jill M. Hooley. "Clinical and Personality Correlates of MMO Gaming." Social Science Computer Review 31, no. 4 (February 17, 2013): 424–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894439312475280.

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NOJIMA, Miho. "Pricing Models and Motivations for MMO Play." Journal of Digital Games Research 2, no. 1 (2008): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.9762/digraj.2.1_44.

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Liu, Jie, Weihan Bing, Xiaoge Xue, Fei Wang, Bin Wang, Shan He, Yingkui Zhang, and Min Wei. "Alkaline-assisted Ni nanocatalysts with largely enhanced low-temperature activity toward CO2 methanation." Catalysis Science & Technology 6, no. 11 (2016): 3976–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cy02026c.

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Díaz-Sáez, Marta, Cristina Sáenz-Jiménez, Jorge Hugo Villafañe, Alba Paris-Alemany, and Roy La Touche. "Hypoalgesic and Motor Effects of Neural Mobilisation versus Soft-Tissue Interventions in Experimental Craniofacial Hyperalgesia: A Single-Blinded Randomised Controlled Trial." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 19 (September 27, 2021): 4434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10194434.

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Objective: The present trial aimed to compare the effects of the mobilisation of the nervous system (NS) to those of a soft-tissue intervention in subjects exposed to an experimentally induced hyperalgesia of the masticatory muscles. Methods: The study was a single-blinded randomised controlled trial. A total of 49 participants (mean ± SD age: 41 ± 11 years; 61% female) with latent myofascial trigger points (LMTrPs) in the craniofacial region were randomly assigned to one of three groups: neural mobilisation (NM), soft-tissues techniques and stretching (STT-S), and control group (CG). An initial assessment (baseline) was performed before the provocation chewing masticatory test. The pre-treatment measurements were registered 24 hours later. Next, the randomised intervention was applied, and afterwards, post-treatment data were obtained. Outcome measures included pain-free maximum mouth opening (MMO), pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) in the trigeminal and cervical region, and trigeminal and cervical two-point discrimination (TPD). Results: ANOVA revealed significant differences for the time × group interaction for pain-free MMO and PPTs. The results showed an improvement in the MMO and the PPTs for NM and STT-S groups but not for the CG. There were no differences between the NM and STT-S groups. However, the effect sizes were large for the NM and medium for the STT-S. No differences were found for TDP between groups nor over time. Conclusion: The results show that with NM and STT-S techniques, we could influence motor and sensory variables in asymptomatic subjects with LMTrPs after a masticatory provocation test. Both techniques increased MMO and PPTs in the short term. These beneficial effects lead us to consider the importance of including these methods in clinical practice.

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Yong, Jiaxi, Xuebin Luan, Xiaoping Dai, Xin Zhang, Hongyan Qiao, Yang Yang, and Xingliang Huang. "Tuning the metal–support interaction in supported K-promoted NiMo catalysts for enhanced selectivity and productivity towards higher alcohols in CO hydrogenation." Catalysis Science & Technology 7, no. 18 (2017): 4206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cy01295k.

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Wang, Qian, Xiao Liang, Ruxia Bi, Yanan Liu, Yufei He, Junting Feng, and Dianqing Li. "Highly efficient CuCr-MMO catalyst for a base-free styrene epoxidation with H2O2 as the oxidant: synergistic effect between Cu and Cr." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 43 (2019): 16402–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9dt02357g.

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Smith, Benjamin, Li Li, Diego Perera-Solis, Louise Gildea, Vladimir Zholobenko, Philip Dyer, and H. Greenwell. "Ketone Formation via Decarboxylation Reactions of Fatty Acids Using Solid Hydroxide/Oxide Catalysts." Inorganics 6, no. 4 (November 8, 2018): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics6040121.

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A sustainable route to ketones is described where stearone is produced via ketonic decarboxylation of stearic acid mediated by solid base catalysts in yields of up to 97%, at 250 °C. A range of Mg/Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) and mixed metal oxide (MMO) solid base catalysts were prepared with Mg/Al ratios of between 2 and 6 via two synthetic routes, co-precipitation and co-hydration, with each material tested for their catalytic performance. For a given Mg/Al ratio, the LDH and MMO materials showed similar reactivity, with no correlation to the method of preparation. The presence of co-produced oxide phases in the co-hydration catalysts had negligible impact on reactivity.

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Moore, Robert, E. Hankinson Gathman, and Nicolas Ducheneaut. "From 3D Space to Third Place: The Social Life of Small Virtual Spaces." Human Organization 68, no. 2 (May 30, 2009): 230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.68.2.q673k16185u68v15.

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Massively multiplayer online (MMO) environments are an emerging computer technology that makes possible new kinds of distributed communities and online sociability. What distinguishes MMOs from other Internet media is that they take face-to-face conversation as their primary metaphor for user interaction, rather than, say, the page or the bulletin board. Because they simulate 3D spaces and contain thousands of people who do not know each other, MMOs constitute public spaces, although virtual ones. As such, they can be studied in ways analogous to those of public places in the physical world. Inspired by the work of William H. Whyte and Ray Oldenburg on sociability in real-life public places, we take a similar approach toward the study of MMOs. We ask the question: what makes some virtual public spaces in MMOs successful "third places" while other similar places fail? Through our virtual ethnography of dance clubs and corner bars in three MMO environments, we find four features of virtual public spaces that appear critical for their success: accessibility, social density, activity resources, and hosts. We further argue that MMO sociability is just as authentic as that in "real-life" contexts while highlighting ways in which it is distinctly different.

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Journal articles on the topic 'MMO'

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