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Journal articles on the topic 'MLSE'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Abe, R., J. J. Ryan, and R. J. Hodes. "Mls is not a single gene, allelic system. Different stimulatory Mls determinants are the products of at least two nonallelic, unlinked genes." Journal of Experimental Medicine 166, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): 1150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.166.4.1150.

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Mls determinants share with MHC products the unique property of stimulating T cells at extraordinarily high precursor frequencies. The Mls system was originally described as a single locus on chromosome 1, with four alleles, Mlsa, Mlsb, Mlsc, and Mlsd, that encode polymorphic cell surface structures. However, the fundamental issues of polymorphism and allelism in the Mls system remain controversial. To clarify these questions, a formal segregation analysis of the genes encoding Mlsa and Mlsc determinants was carried out by testing the capacity of spleen cells from progeny of (Mlsa X Mlsc)F1 X Mlsb breedings to stimulate responses by unprimed T cells and by Mlsa- and Mlsc-specific cloned T cells. The results of this analysis indicated that the gene encoding Mlsa determinants is neither allelic to nor linked to the gene encoding Mlsc determinants. Together with previous findings, these results also suggest that another strongly stimulatory type, Mlsd, in fact results from the independent expression of unlinked Mlsa and Mlsc gene products. Based on these observations, it is concluded that, contrary to conventional concepts, the stimulatory phenotypes designated as Mlsa, Mlsc, and Mlsd can be accounted for by the independent expression of the products of at least two unlinked gene loci.

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2

Ryan, J. J., J. J. Mond, and F. D. Finkelman. "The Mlsd-defined primary mixed lymphocyte reaction: a composite response to Mlsa and Mlsc determinants." Journal of Immunology 138, no. 12 (June 15, 1987): 4085–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.138.12.4085.

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Abstract Considerable disagreement exists among immunologists regarding the polymorphic nature of the murine Mls system. An estimate of the capacity of a given putative Mls allelic gene product expressed on a stimulator population to elicit proliferation of H-2-compatible Mls-disparate unprimed T cells may vary widely among different groups of investigators. This laboratory has shown previously that preactivation of B lymphocytes in a splenocyte stimulator population by exposure to goat anti-mouse IgD (GaMD) before irradiation dramatically enhanced the in vitro presentation not only of the strongly stimulatory (and highly cross-reactive) Mlsa and Mlsd, but also the more poorly stimulatory Mlsc specificity. Therefore, by the use of GaMD-treated splenocytes that optimally present the various Mls non-H-2 stimulatory epitopes, we attempted in this study to obtain a clearer understanding of Mls polymorphism by re-examining the conflicting claims associated with the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) stimulatory capacity of different Mls specificities. Among H-2k responder cells of the Mls null, Mlsa, Mlsb, or Mlsd genotypes, only T cells from Mlsd-bearing CBA/J mice did not respond to Mlsc determinants present on GaMD-treated C3H/HeJ stimulator cells. Crossing CBA/J with an Mlsc-responsive mouse strain yielded an F1 animal in which nonresponsiveness to Mlsc was dominant. Although Mlsa (AKR/J) and Mlsc (C3H/HeJ) parental T cells both proliferated vigorously to Mlsd (CBA/J) stimulator cells, the Mlsa/c (AKR X C3H)F1 T cells responded poorly to GaMD-treated Mlsd stimulator cells. In addition, Mlsd (CBA/J) T cells were nonresponsive to Mlsa (AKR/J), Mlsc (C3H/HeJ), and Mlsa/c (AKR X C3H)F1 GaMD-treated stimulator cells. Because Mlsa (AKR/J) and Mlsc (C3H/HeJ) specificities are mutually stimulatory, at least limited polymorphism must exist in the Mls system. However, because Mlsa/c (AKR X C3H) and Mlsd (CBA/J) specificities are mutually nonstimulatory, T cell proliferation in an Mlsd-defined primary MLR is most likely due to a composite response to Mlsa and Mlsc epitopes present on CBA/J stimulator cells.

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3

Joo, Jung Suk, Seung Chul Hong, and Yong Hoon Lee. "Adaptive MLSE receiver: hybrid of per-survivor processing and tentative decision MLSE." Electronics Letters 36, no. 7 (2000): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20000472.

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4

Abe, R., J. J. Ryan, and R. J. Hodes. "Clonal analysis of the Mls system. A reappraisal of polymorphism and allelism among Mlsa, Mlsc, and Mlsd." Journal of Experimental Medicine 165, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 1113–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.165.4.1113.

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Only two sets of antigenic determinants are recognized by T lymphocytes at uniquely high precursor frequencies: those encoded by the MHC and those encoded by Mls. The structural as well as functional characteristics of MHC products have been extensively analyzed. In contrast, little information concerning the nature of Mls genes or their products is available. Although it was originally described (5, 6) that the Mls locus on chromosome 1 is composed of four alleles that encode polymorphic cell surface structures, the issues of polymorphism and allelism in the Mls system have been controversial for some time. In the present study, T cell clones were generated by continuous stimulation of B10.BR (H-2k, Mlsb) T cells by CBA/J (H-2k, Mlsd) stimulators and they were used to analyze the relationship of putative Mlsa, Mlsc, and Mlsd determinants. All clones proliferated in response to determinants expressed by CBA/J stimulators. In addition, each of these clones exhibited a second reactivity to either AKR/J (H-2k, Mlsa) or C3H/HeJ (H-2k, Mlsc) stimulators. No clone responded to both AKR/J and C3H/HeJ. These second specificities were defined to be for Mlsa or Mlsc determinants, respectively, by the response patterns of clones and unprimed T cells to stimulators derived from congenic strains, recombinant inbred (RI) strains, and backcross mice. Moreover, a segregation analysis of the (CBA/J X B10.BR)F1 X B10.BR backcross indicated that the Mlsa-like and Mlsc-like determinants expressed on CBA/J (Mlsd) cells are in fact encoded by nonallelic, unlinked genes. These findings suggest a new concept of the polymorphism and genetics of the Mls system. It is proposed that two distinct and nonallelic gene products express, respectively, the noncrossreacting Mlsa and Mlsc determinants, and that the Mlsd phenotype does not represent an independent genotype but rather reflects the concurrent expression of Mlsa and Mlsc. The Mls system, therefore, consists of at least two systems that are distinct both genetically and antigenically, and that may be of different biologic or physiologic significance as well.

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5

Scott, K., E. B. Olasz, and A. Sendyk. "Diversity combining with MLSE equalisation." IEE Proceedings - Communications 145, no. 2 (1998): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-com:19981840.

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6

Shukla, P. K., and L. F. Turner. "Examination of an adaptive dfe and MLSE/near-MLSE for fading multipath radio channels." IEE Proceedings I Communications, Speech and Vision 139, no. 4 (1992): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-i-2.1992.0058.

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7

Click, R. E., A. M. Adelmann, and M. M. Azar. "Immune responses in vitro. XIII. MLR detectability of Mlsa-, Mlsb-, Mlsc-, and Mlsd-encoded products." Journal of Immunology 134, no. 5 (May 1, 1985): 2948–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.134.5.2948.

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Abstract The Mls locus was originally defined to have four alleles; all controlled products that were detectable in MLR except b, which was described as being null. More recent evidence led other investigators to postulate that the Mls locus is nonpolymorphic, being composed of only the b null allele and a singly expressed allele previously ascribed to be the a and d alleles. Our results indicate that Mlsa and Mlsd control products that are antigenically distinct and, therefore, the products cannot be controlled by the same allele. In addition, the product of Mlsb was easily detectable by Mlsa and Mlsd responding cells and cannot be considered null. Alternative explanations are considered for these conflicting results.

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8

Singh, Ashok K., Snehlata Katheria, Amrendra Kumar, Asiff Zafri, and Mohd Arshad. "Design, Synthesis, Characterization and Antiproliferative Activities of Ru(II) Complexes of Substituted Benzimidazoles." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 10 (August 30, 2019): 2311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.22162.

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Synthesis of [Ru(PPh3)2(BZM)2Cl2] (BZM= LS1, LS2, LS3, LS4 and LS5) where LS1=(1H-benzo[d] imidazole-2-yl)methanethiol, LS2 = 2-(4-bromobutyl)-1H-benzo[d] imidazole, LS3= 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole, LS4 = 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole and LS5= 4-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)aniline (BZM = benzimidazoles, PPh3 = triphenylphosphine) and metal complexes as MR, [ Ru (PPh3)4Cl2], MLS1, MLS2, MLS3, MLS4 and MLS5 for use as potential anticancer compounds have been investigated. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, multinuclear NMR, UV-visible and ESI-MS spectroscopic techniques. The geometries of all complexes have been optimized by using density functional theory (DFT). The cytotoxicity effects of MR, MLS2 and LS1 were also investigated on Human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa) by MTT assay, ROS generation and nuclear apoptosis assay. The percent cell viability assessed by MTT assay suggested that the synthesized MR, MLS2 and LS1 significantly reduce the viability of HeLa cells, in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) of MR, MLS2 and LS1 against HeLa cells was found 90.8, 81.8 and 115 μM, respectively. These compounds also induced the over production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as the condensed and fragmented nucleus, which supports the molecular mechanism of cell death by apoptosis. The investigations suggested that the compounds MR, MLS2 and LS1 induce the cell death in HeLa cells through apoptotic pathway.

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9

Golani, Ori, Meir Feder, and Mark Shtaif. "Kalman-MLSE Equalization for NLIN Mitigation." Journal of Lightwave Technology 36, no. 12 (June 15, 2018): 2541–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2018.2820908.

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10

Hu, Jiheng, Yuyun Fu, Peng Zhang, Qilong Min, Zongting Gao, Shengli Wu, and Rui Li. "Satellite Retrieval of Microwave Land Surface Emissivity under Clear and Cloudy Skies in China Using Observations from AMSR-E and MODIS." Remote Sensing 13, no. 19 (October 5, 2021): 3980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13193980.

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Microwave land surface emissivity (MLSE) is an important geophysical parameter to determine the microwave radiative transfer over land and has broad applications in satellite remote sensing of atmospheric parameters (e.g., precipitation, cloud properties), land surface parameters (e.g., soil moisture, vegetation properties), and the parameters of interactions between atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystem (e.g., evapotranspiration rate, gross primary production rate). In this study, MLSE in China under both clear and cloudy sky conditions was retrieved using satellite passive microwave measurements from Aqua Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System (AMSR-E), combined with visible/infrared observations from Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) atmosphere reanalysis dataset of ERA-20C. Attenuations from atmospheric oxygen and water vapor, as well as the emissions and scatterings from cloud particles are taken into account using a microwave radiation transfer model to do atmosphere corrections. All cloud parameters needed are derived from MODIS visible and infrared instantaneous measurements. Ancillary surface skin temperature as well as atmospheric temperature-humidity profiles are collected from ECMWF reanalysis data. Quality control and sensitivity analyses were conducted for the input variables of surface skin temperature, air temperature, and atmospheric humidity. The ground-based validations show acceptable biases of primary input parameters (skin temperature, 2 m air temperature, near surface relative humidity, rain flag) for retrieving using. The subsequent sensitivity tests suggest that 10 K bias of skin temperature or observed brightness temperature may result in a 4% (~0.04) or 7% (0.07) retrieving error in MLSE at 23.5 GHz. A nonlinear sensitivity in the same magnitude is found for air temperature perturbation, while the sensitivity is less than 1% for 300 g/m2 error in cloud water path. Results show that our algorithm can successfully retrieve MLSE over 90% of the satellite detected land surface area in a typical cloudy day (cloud fraction of 64%), which is considerably higher than that of the 29% area by the clear-sky only algorithms. The spatial distribution of MLSE in China is highly dependent on the land surface types and topography. The retrieved MLSE is assessed by compared with other existing clear-sky AMSR-E emissivity products and the vegetation optical depth (VOD) product. Overall, high consistencies are shown for the MLSE retrieved in this study with other AMSR-E emissivity products across China though noticeable discrepancies are observed in Tibetan Plateau and Qinling-Taihang Mountains due to different sources of input skin temperature. In addition, the retrieved MLSE exhibits strong positive correlations in spatial patterns with microwave vegetation optical depth reported in the literature.

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11

Xiaoyong Yu and S. Pasupathy. "Innovations-based MLSE for Rayleigh fading channels." IEEE Transactions on Communications 43, no. 2/3/4 (February 1995): 1534–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/26.380203.

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12

Bottomley, G. E., and K. J. Molnar. "Adaptive channel estimation for multichannel MLSE receivers." IEEE Communications Letters 3, no. 2 (February 1999): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/4234.749356.

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13

Bosco, G., and P. Poggiolini. "Long-distance effectiveness of MLSE IMDD receivers." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 18, no. 9 (May 2006): 1037–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2006.873478.

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14

Bakkoury, Jamila, Daniel Roviras, Mounir Ghogho, and Francis Castanie. "Adaptive MLSE receiver over rapidly fading channels." Signal Processing 80, no. 7 (July 2000): 1347–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1684(00)00041-4.

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15

Jiunn-Tsair Chen, Jenwei Liang, Huan-Shang Tsai, and Young-Kai Chen. "Joint MLSE receiver with dynamic channel description." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 16, no. 9 (1998): 1604–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/49.737630.

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16

Abe, R., J. J. Ryan, F. D. Finkelman, and R. J. Hodes. "T cell recognition of Mls. T cell clones demonstrate polymorphism between Mlsa, Mlsc, and Mlsd." Journal of Immunology 138, no. 2 (January 15, 1987): 373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.138.2.373.

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Abstract The determinants encoded by the minor lymphocyte stimulating locus (Mls) are defined as determinants that induce strong T cell proliferative responses in primary mixed lymphocyte reactions. Although the Mls locus was originally described as having four alleles, a, b, c, and d, a number of recent observations have led several investigators to challenge the idea that Mls is truly a polymorphic system. To better define this system of determinants recognized at high frequency by T cells, the present studies were undertaken to evaluate the polymorphism of Mls products. In the present study, the in vitro proliferative responses of Mlsa- and Mlsc-specific T cell clones were employed to analyze Mls products. The identification of determinants recognized by Mlsa- and Mlsc-reactive clones was established by the pattern of responses to stimulators derived from congenic strains, recombinant inbred strains, and backcross mice. T cell clones and unprimed T cells gave concordant responses that confirmed the Mlsa or Mlsc specificity of the cloned populations. With the use of these two sets of Mls-specific T cell clones, the existence or absence of polymorphism of Mls-encoded gene products was examined. It was found that Mlsa-specific cloned T cells responded to Mlsa but not Mlsc stimulators, whereas Mlsc-specific clones responded to Mlsc but not Mlsa. This reciprocal pattern of specificity indicates that the Mls system as currently defined is therefore truly polymorphic. In addition, it was observed that both Mlsa- and Mlsc-specific clones were stimulated by Mlsd stimulators. In particular, the possibility that Mlsa and Mlsc are not alleles but products of different loci and that Mlsd strains are those that express both Mlsa and Mlsc is considered.

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17

Bottomley, G. E., K. J. Molnar, and S. Chennakeshu. "Interference cancellation with an array processing MLSE receiver." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 48, no. 5 (1999): 1321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/25.790506.

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18

Jiunn-Tsair Chen, Joonsuk Kim, and Jen-Wei Liang. "Multichannel MLSE equalizer with parametric FIR channel identification." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 48, no. 6 (1999): 1923–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/25.806785.

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19

Sheen, W. H., and G. L. Stuber. "MLSE equalization and decoding for multipath-fading channels." IEEE Transactions on Communications 39, no. 10 (1991): 1455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/26.103040.

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20

Adachi, F. "MLSE differential phase detection for M-ary DPSK." IEE Proceedings - Communications 141, no. 6 (1994): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-com:19941542.

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21

Rubsamen, Michael, Joan M. Gene, Peter J. Winzer, and RenÉ-Jean Essiambre. "ISI Mitigation Capability of MLSE Direct-Detection Receivers." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 20, no. 8 (April 2008): 656–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2008.919597.

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22

Chugg, K. M., and A. Polydoros. "MLSE for an unknown channel .I. Optimality considerations." IEEE Transactions on Communications 44, no. 7 (July 1996): 836–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/26.508303.

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23

Yonghai Gu and Tho Le-Ngoc. "Adaptive combined DFE/MLSE techniques for ISI channels." IEEE Transactions on Communications 44, no. 7 (July 1996): 847–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/26.508304.

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24

Chugg, K. M., and A. Polydoros. "MLSE for an unknown channel. II. Tracking performance." IEEE Transactions on Communications 44, no. 8 (1996): 949–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/26.535435.

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25

Wu, L. B., and B. X. Wu. "Self-operating adaptive MLSE for digital mobile radio." Electronics Letters 30, no. 2 (January 20, 1994): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19940111.

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26

Denno, Satoshi, and Yoichi Saito. "High-speed QVLMS-MLSE equalizer for mobile communications." Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part I: Communications) 82, no. 10 (October 1999): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6424(199910)82:10<40::aid-ecja5>3.0.co;2-j.

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27

Lu, Ying, Quan Yuan Xu, and Zhi Gang Liu. "Realization of the Viterbi Algorithm in MLSE with Intersymbol Interference." Applied Mechanics and Materials 214 (November 2012): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.214.208.

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Optimum receiver model for channels with Intersymbol Interference (ISI) and Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) are introduced to deduce the Viterbi algorithm in the Maximum-Likelihood Sequence Estimation (MLSE). Finally, we use Matlab to simulate the algorithm in three different channels and analyze the experiment results. Analyses show that the Viterbi algorithm is applicable for any channel which is optimum from a probability of error viewpoint; the MLSE for channels with ISI has a computational complexity that grows exponentially with the length of channels time dispersion L; the loss of performance is negligible when the decoding delay achieves 5L.

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28

Matias-Guiu, Jordi A., Vanesa Pytel, Laura Hernández-Lorenzo, Nikil Patel, Katie A. Peterson, Jorge Matías-Guiu, Peter Garrard, and Fernando Cuetos. "Spanish Version of the Mini-Linguistic State Examination for the Diagnosis of Primary Progressive Aphasia." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 83, no. 2 (September 14, 2021): 771–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-210668.

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Background: Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a neurodegenerative syndrome with three main clinical variants: non-fluent, semantic, and logopenic. Clinical diagnosis and accurate classification are challenging and often time-consuming. The Mini-Linguistic State Examination (MLSE) has been recently developed as a short language test to specifically assess language in neurodegenerative disorders. Objective: Our aim was to adapt and validate the Spanish version of MLSE for PPA diagnosis. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving 70 patients with PPA and 42 healthy controls evaluated with the MLSE. Patients were independently diagnosed and classified according to comprehensive cognitive evaluation and advanced neuroimaging. Results: Internal consistency was 0.758. The influence of age and education was very low. The area under the curve for discriminating PPA patients and healthy controls was 0.99. Effect sizes were moderate-large for the discrimination between PPA and healthy controls. Motor speech, phonology, and semantic subscores discriminated between the three clinical variants. A random forest classification model obtained an F1-score of 81%for the three PPA variants. Conclusion: Our study provides a brief and useful language test for PPA diagnosis, with excellent properties for both clinical routine assessment and research purposes.

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29

Zhang, Qianwu, Yuntong Jiang, Hai Zhou, Chuanlu Deng, Shuaihang Duan, Zicong Wang, Yingchun Li, et al. "137 Gb/s PAM-4 Transmissions at 850 nm over 40 cm Optical Backplane with 25 G Devices with Improved Neural Network-Based Equalization." Applied Sciences 9, no. 23 (November 25, 2019): 5095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9235095.

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An improved neural network-based equalization method is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The up-to-137 Gb/s transmission of four level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) signals with 25 G class 850 nm optical devices is achieved over an in-house fabricated 40 cm optical backplane. An in-depth investigation is conducted regarding the impact of delayed taps and spans on equalization performance. A performance comparison of the proposed method with the traditional maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) and decision feedback equalization (DFE) is also undertaken. For the bit rate from 80 to 100 Gb/s, the proposed method achieves an adopted hard-decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) requirement at a received optical power (RoP) of −9 and −8 dBm, while DFE and MLSE cannot meet the HD-FEC requirement. When the bit rate increases from 120 to 137 Gb/s, the proposed equalization method still successfully maintains the acceptable system performance at an RoP of −4 and −2.5 dBm. Furthermore, the specific bit error rate (BER) performances for varied maximum achievable bit rate under different RoPs by applying MLSE and the proposed method are also analyzed. This provides an important potential solution to realize the future data centers.

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30

LEE, Kyu-Man, and Taek-Won KWON. "MLSE Based on Phase Difference FSM for GFSK Signals." IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E104.A, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 328–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transfun.2020eal2023.

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31

Jamal, K., G. Brismark, and B. Gudmundson. "Adaptive MLSE performance on the D-AMPS 1900 channel." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 46, no. 3 (1997): 634–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/25.618189.

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32

Bontu, C. S., D. D. Falconer, and L. Strawczynski. "Diversity transmission and adaptive MLSE for digital cellular radio." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 48, no. 5 (1999): 1488–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/25.790524.

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33

Rice, Michael, and Edem Gagakuma. "Approximate MLSE Equalization of SOQPSK-TG in Aeronautical Telemetry." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 55, no. 2 (April 2019): 769–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taes.2018.2864807.

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34

Hai Chen, R. Perry, and K. Buckley. "On MLSE algorithms for unknown fast time-varying channels." IEEE Transactions on Communications 51, no. 5 (May 2003): 730–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2003.811381.

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35

Cornick, Kate E., Misha Brodsky, Martin Birk, and Mark D. Feuer. "MLSE receiver tolerance to all-order polarization mode dispersion." Optics Express 15, no. 24 (2007): 15999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.15.015999.

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36

D'Avella, R., L. Moreno, and M. Sant'Agostino. "An adaptive MLSE receiver for TDMA digital mobile radio." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 7, no. 1 (1989): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/49.16853.

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37

Zhang, Jialiang, Guanjun Gao, Jingwen Li, Ziqi Ma, and Yonggang Guo. "Experimental Demonstration and Simulation of Bandwidth-Limited Underwater Wireless Optical Communication with MLSE." Photonics 9, no. 3 (March 12, 2022): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9030182.

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Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) is able to provide large bandwidth, low latency, and high security. However, there still exist bandwidth limitations in UWOC systems, with a lack of effective compensation methods. In this paper, we systematically study the bandwidth limitation due to the transceiver and underwater channel through experiments and simulations, respectively. Experimental results show that by using the 7-tap maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) detection, the maximum bitrate of the simple rectangular shape on–off-keying (OOK) signaling is increased from 2.4 Gb/s to 4 Gb/s over 1 GHz transceiver bandwidth, compared to the conventional symbol-by-symbol detection. For the bandwidth limitation caused by the underwater channel, we simulate the temporal dispersion in the UWOC by adopting a Monte Carlo method with a Fournier–Forand phase function. With MLSE adopted at the receiver, the maximum available bitrate is improved from 0.4 to 0.8 Gb/s in 12 m of harbor water at the threshold of hard-decision forward-error-correction (HD-FEC, 3.8 × 10−3). Moreover, when the bitrate for 0.4 Gb/s 12 m and 0.8 Gb/s 10 m OOK transmission remains unchanged, the power budget can be reduced from 33.8 dBm to 30 dBm and from 27.8 dBm to 23.6 dBm, respectively. The results of both experiments and simulations indicate that MLSE has great potential for improving the performance of bandwidth-limited communication systems.

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38

Kalla, Sai-Chandra-Kumari, Christian Gagné, Ming Zeng, and Leslie A. Rusch. "Recurrent neural networks achieving MLSE performance for optical channel equalization." Optics Express 29, no. 9 (April 13, 2021): 13033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.423103.

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39

WANG, Yung-Yi. "An MLSE-Based Interrogator for EPC-Global Gen-II System." IEICE Transactions on Communications E93-B, no. 8 (2010): 2199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.e93.b.2199.

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40

Hamied, K. A., and G. L. Stuber. "An adaptive truncated MLSE receiver for Japanese personal digital cellular." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 45, no. 1 (1996): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/25.481819.

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41

Yu, X., and S. Pasupathy. "Error performance of innovations-based MLSE for Rayleigh fading channels." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 45, no. 4 (1996): 631–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/25.543719.

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42

Hart, B. D., and D. P. Taylor. "Extended MLSE receiver for the frequency-flat, fast-fading channel." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 46, no. 2 (May 1997): 381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/25.580776.

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43

Jiunn-Tsair Chen, Jen-Wei Liang, Huan-Shang Tsai, and Young-Kai Chen. "Low-complexity joint MLSE receiver in the presence of CCI." IEEE Communications Letters 2, no. 5 (May 1998): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/4234.673655.

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44

Falconer, D., A. Sheikh, E. Eleftheriou, and M. Tobis. "Comparison of DFE and MLSE Receiver Performance on HF Channels." IEEE Transactions on Communications 33, no. 5 (May 1985): 484–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1985.1096310.

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45

Baas, Nicholas, and Desmond Taylor. "Adaptive MLSE for DPSK in time- and frequency-selective channels." IEEE Transactions on Communications 56, no. 9 (September 2008): 1478–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2008.060159.

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46

Abrardo, A. "Noncoherent mlse in ds-cdma wireless systems with antenna arrays." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 52, no. 6 (November 2003): 1435–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2003.819454.

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47

Ohno, K., and F. Adachi. "Application of MLSE to GMSK signal reception using frequency demodulator." Electronics Letters 24, no. 25 (1988): 1539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19881050.

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Stojanovic, N. "Tail Extrapolation in MLSE Receivers Using Nonparametric Channel Model Estimation." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 57, no. 1 (January 2009): 270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2008.2007608.

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Mao-Ching Chiu and Chi-chao Chao. "Analysis of LMS-adaptive MLSE equalization on multipath fading channels." IEEE Transactions on Communications 44, no. 12 (1996): 1684–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/26.545898.

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Bottomley, G. E., and S. Chennakeshu. "Unification of MLSE receivers and extension to time-varying channels." IEEE Transactions on Communications 46, no. 4 (April 1998): 464–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/26.664302.

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