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Bizzarri, C., R. Bertini, P. Bossu, S. Sozzani, A. Mantovani, J. Van Damme, A. Tagliabue, and D. Boraschi. "Single-cell analysis of macrophage chemotactic protein-1-regulated cytosolic Ca2+ increase in human adherent monocytes." Blood 86, no. 6 (September 15, 1995): 2388–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v86.6.2388.bloodjournal8662388.
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The increase in intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) associated with interaction of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and related chemokines beta with adherent human blood monocytes was investigated at the single-cell level. We used f-MLP as reference chemotactic agent. MCP-1 caused an increase in [Ca2+]i in individual adherent monocytes, with 95% of cells responding to the chemokine at 20 ng/mL. Response to MCP-1 was already detectable at 1 pg/mL, whereas at least 5 ng/mL were required for significant chemotactic response. The kinetics of the increase in [Ca2+]i were considerably different for MCP-1 compared with f-MLP. MCP-1 produced a slow increase of [Ca2+]i that reached a plateau in 5 to 7 minutes. On the other hand, the increase of [Ca2+]i induced by f-MLP appeared to be biphasic, with a fast phase peaking after 5 to 40 seconds followed by a slower wave. Blocking of Ca2+ channels by Ni2+ or Cd2+ and/or chelation of extracellular free Ca2+ considerably reduced but did not abolish response to MCP-1, had no effect on the first wave of [Ca2+]i induced by f-MLP, and completely abrogated the second, slower wave. Thapsigargin, which empties intracellular Ca2+ stores, inhibited f-MLP-induced [Ca2+]i increase but fully blocked the action of MCP-1 only when combined with Ni2+. Thus, increase of [Ca2+]i induced by MCP-1 is apparently due to independent opening of a channel and mobilization from intracellular stores, whereas f-MLP-induced mobilization of Ca2+ from stores causes subsequent opening of a channel. At variance with MCP-1, the related chemokine MCP-2 induced only a low increase of [Ca2+]i in about 40% of adherent monocytes. Inhibition of chemokine-induced increase of [Ca2+]i by cholera or pertussis toxin indicated that MCP-1 and MCP-2 activate monocytes through different intracellular pathways. These results demonstrate at the single-cell level that the mechanisms and dynamics of increased [Ca2+]i are considerably different for f-MLP and chemokines beta. In addition, the [Ca2+]i increase induced by the two related chemokines beta MCP-1 and MCP-2 appears to be differently regulated, suggesting interaction with distinct receptors.
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Wang, Yong, Guohua Geng, Pengbo Zhou, Qi Zhang, Zhan Li, and Ruihang Feng. "GC-MLP: Graph Convolution MLP for Point Cloud Analysis." Sensors 22, no. 23 (December 5, 2022): 9488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239488.
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With the objective of addressing the problem of the fixed convolutional kernel of a standard convolution neural network and the isotropy of features making 3D point cloud data ineffective in feature learning, this paper proposes a point cloud processing method based on graph convolution multilayer perceptron, named GC-MLP. Unlike traditional local aggregation operations, the algorithm generates an adaptive kernel through the dynamic learning features of points, so that it can dynamically adapt to the structure of the object, i.e., the algorithm first adaptively assigns different weights to adjacent points according to the different relationships between the different points captured. Furthermore, local information interaction is then performed with the convolutional layers through a weight-sharing multilayer perceptron. Experimental results show that, under different task benchmark datasets (including ModelNet40 dataset, ShapeNet Part dataset, S3DIS dataset), our proposed algorithm achieves state-of-the-art for both point cloud classification and segmentation tasks.
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He, Xin, and Yushi Chen. "Modifications of the Multi-Layer Perceptron for Hyperspectral Image Classification." Remote Sensing 13, no. 17 (September 6, 2021): 3547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13173547.
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Recently, many convolutional neural network (CNN)-based methods have been proposed to tackle the classification task of hyperspectral images (HSI). In fact, CNN has become the de-facto standard for HSI classification. It seems that the traditional neural networks such as multi-layer perceptron (MLP) are not competitive for HSI classification. However, in this study, we try to prove that the MLP can achieve good classification performance of HSI if it is properly designed and improved. The proposed Modified-MLP for HSI classification contains two special parts: spectral–spatial feature mapping and spectral–spatial information mixing. Specifically, for spectral–spatial feature mapping, each input sample of HSI is divided into a sequence of 3D patches with fixed length and then a linear layer is used to map the 3D patches to spectral–spatial features. For spectral–spatial information mixing, all the spectral–spatial features within a single sample are feed into the solely MLP architecture to model the spectral–spatial information across patches for following HSI classification. Furthermore, to obtain the abundant spectral–spatial information with different scales, Multiscale-MLP is proposed to aggregate neighboring patches with multiscale shapes for acquiring abundant spectral–spatial information. In addition, the Soft-MLP is proposed to further enhance the classification performance by applying soft split operation, which flexibly capture the global relations of patches at different positions in the input HSI sample. Finally, label smoothing is introduced to mitigate the overfitting problem in the Soft-MLP (Soft-MLP-L), which greatly improves the classification performance of MLP-based method. The proposed Modified-MLP, Multiscale-MLP, Soft-MLP, and Soft-MLP-L are tested on the three widely used hyperspectral datasets. The proposed Soft-MLP-L leads to the highest OA, which outperforms CNN by 5.76%, 2.55%, and 2.5% on the Salinas, Pavia, and Indian Pines datasets, respectively. The obtained results reveal that the proposed models provide competitive results compared to the state-of-the-art methods, which shows that the MLP-based methods are still competitive for HSI classification.
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Kılıç, Miraç, Recep Gündoğan, Hikmet Günal, and Bilal Cemek. "Accuracy Assessment of Kriging, artificial neural network, and a hybrid approach integrating spatial and terrain data in estimating and mapping of soil organic carbon." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 26, 2022): e0268658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268658.
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This study aimed to produce a soil organic carbon (SOC) content map with high accuracy and spatial resolution using the most effective factors in the model. The spatial SOC estimation success of Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Ordinary Kriging (OK), Empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK), Multi-Layered Perception Network (MLP) and MLP-OK Hybrid models were compared to obtain the most reliable model in estimating the SOC content. The study area was located in Besni district in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Total of 132 surface (0–30 cm) soil samples were collected from the covers 1330 km2 land and analyzed for SOC, lime, clay and sand content and soil reaction included in the estimation models. Mean annual precipitation and temperature, elevation, compound topographic index, enhanced vegetation and normalized difference vegetation index, were also used as the inputs in the modelling. The spatial distribution of SOC was determined using a MLP and a two-stage ensemble model (MLP-OK) combining the estimation of OK residuals. Soil surveys and covariates were used to train and validate the MLP-OK hybrid model. The MLP-OK model provided a more accurate estimation of SOC content with minimal estimation errors (ME: -0.028, 45 MAE: 0.042, RMSE: 0.066) for validation points compared to the other models. The MLP-OK model outperformed other models by 75.09 to 77.92%. The MLP-OK model estimated the lower and upper limits of the estimated and the measured values in a consistent manner compared to the other models. The spatial distribution map of SOC content obtained by ANN-kriging approach was significantly affected by ancillary variables, and revealed more detail than other interpolation methods in the northern, central, southwestern and southeastern parts of the study area. The results revealed that the assembling of MLP with OK model can contribute to obtain more reliable regional, national and global spatial soil information.
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Arreguín-González, Indira Judith, and Rosalva Cabrera-Castañón. "Memoria y atención en escolares que nacieron prematuros y/o con bajo peso en México." Archivos de Neurociencias 22, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31157/an.v22i3.158.
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Introducción: en México no se encontraron investigaciones de escolares con prematurez y bajo peso al nacer (BPN) relacionados con déficits en memoria y atención Objetivo: determinar déficits existentes en memoria y atención, en escolares mexicanos, nacidos con BPN, MBPN y prematuros Material y Método: se realizó estudio neuropsicológico en población mexicana, aplicando la prueba ENI, a 31 escolares que nacieron prematuros y/o con bajo peso al nacimiento de entre 8-12 años de edad, en los rubros de memoria a corto plazo (MCP), memoria a largo plazo (MLP) verbal y visual respectivamente, así como en atención visual y auditiva. Resultados: los resultados fueron: MCP Verbal, con deficiencias 67.74% de la población estudiada; MCP visual, con deficiencias 61.29 %; MLP verbal, con deficiencias 74.2 %; MLP Visual, con deficiencias 80.64 %; atención visual, con deficiencia 83.87 %; Atención Auditiva, con deficiencia 35.49 %. Conclusiones: los niños con BPN, MBPN y prematuros, presentan, en un elevado porcentaje, deficiencias en atención auditiva y visual, así como en MCP y MLP Verbal y Visual, coincidiendo con varios estudios internacionales.
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Arreguín-González, Indira Judith, and Rosalva Cabrera-Castañón. "Memoria y atención en escolares que nacieron prematuros y/o con bajo peso en México." Archivos de Neurociencias 22, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31157/archneurosciencesmex.v22i3.158.
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Introducción: en México no se encontraron investigaciones de escolares con prematurez y bajo peso al nacer (BPN) relacionados con déficits en memoria y atención Objetivo: determinar déficits existentes en memoria y atención, en escolares mexicanos, nacidos con BPN, MBPN y prematuros Material y Método: se realizó estudio neuropsicológico en población mexicana, aplicando la prueba ENI, a 31 escolares que nacieron prematuros y/o con bajo peso al nacimiento de entre 8-12 años de edad, en los rubros de memoria a corto plazo (MCP), memoria a largo plazo (MLP) verbal y visual respectivamente, así como en atención visual y auditiva. Resultados: los resultados fueron: MCP Verbal, con deficiencias 67.74% de la población estudiada; MCP visual, con deficiencias 61.29 %; MLP verbal, con deficiencias 74.2 %; MLP Visual, con deficiencias 80.64 %; atención visual, con deficiencia 83.87 %; Atención Auditiva, con deficiencia 35.49 %. Conclusiones: los niños con BPN, MBPN y prematuros, presentan, en un elevado porcentaje, deficiencias en atención auditiva y visual, así como en MCP y MLP Verbal y Visual, coincidiendo con varios estudios internacionales.
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Labib, Richard, and Karim Khattar. "MLP bilinear separation." Neural Computing and Applications 19, no. 2 (October 22, 2009): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00521-009-0309-4.
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Li, Deying, Faming Huang, Liangxuan Yan, Zhongshan Cao, Jiawu Chen, and Zhou Ye. "Landslide Susceptibility Prediction Using Particle-Swarm-Optimized Multilayer Perceptron: Comparisons with Multilayer-Perceptron-Only, BP Neural Network, and Information Value Models." Applied Sciences 9, no. 18 (September 4, 2019): 3664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9183664.
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Landslides are one type of serious geological hazard which cause immense losses of local life and property. Landslide susceptibility prediction (LSP) can be used to determine the spatial probability of landslide occurrence in a certain area. It is important to implement LSP for landslide hazard prevention and reduction. This study developed a particle-swarm-optimized multilayer perceptron (PSO-MLP) model for LSP implementation to overcome the drawbacks of the conventional gradient descent algorithm and to determine the optimal structural parameters of MLP. Shicheng County in Jiangxi Province of China was used as the study area. In total, 369 landslides, randomly selected non-landslides, and 14 landslide-related predisposing factors were used to train and test the present PSO-MLP model and three other comparative models (an MLP-only model with the gradient descent algorithm, a back-propagation neural network (BPNN), and an information value (IV) model). The results showed that the PSO-MLP model had the most accurate prediction performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.822 and frequency ratio (FR) accuracy of 0.856) compared with the MLP-only (0.791 and 0.829), BPNN (0.800 and 0.840), and IV (0.788 and 0.824) models. It can be concluded that the proposed PSO-MLP model addresses the drawbacks of the MLP-only model well and performs better than conventional artificial neural networks (ANNs) and statistical models. The spatial probability distribution law of landslide occurrence in Shicheng County was well revealed by the landslide susceptibility map produced using the PSO-MLP model. Furthermore, the present PSO-MLP model may have higher prediction and classification performances in some other fields compared with conventional ANNs and statistical models.
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Ren, Guoyin, Xiaoqi Lu, Jingyu Wang, and Yuhao Li. "Enhancement of Local Crowd Location and Count: Multiscale Counting Guided by Head RGB-Mask." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (August 24, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5708807.
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Background. In crowded crowd images, traditional detection models often have the problems of inaccurate multiscale target count and low recall rate. Methods. In order to solve the above two problems, this paper proposes an MLP-CNN model, which combined with FPN feature pyramid can fuse the feature map of low-resolution and high-resolution semantic information with less computation and can effectively solve the problem of inaccurate head count of multiscale people. MLP-CNN “mid-term” fusion model can effectively fuse the features of RGB head image and RGB-Mask image. With the help of head RGB-Mask annotation and adaptive Gaussian kernel regression, the enhanced density map can be generated, which can effectively solve the problem of low recall of head detection. Results. MLP-CNN model was applied in ShanghaiTech and UCF_ CC_ 50 and UCF-QNRF. The test results show that the error of the method proposed in this paper has been significantly improved, and the recall rate can reach 79.91%. Conclusion. MLP-CNN model not only improves the accuracy of population counting in density map regression, but also improves the detection rate of multiscale population head targets.
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Colak, Medine, Mehmet Yesilbudak, and Ramazan Bayindir. "Daily Photovoltaic Power Prediction Enhanced by Hybrid GWO-MLP, ALO-MLP and WOA-MLP Models Using Meteorological Information." Energies 13, no. 4 (February 18, 2020): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13040901.
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Solar energy is a safe, clean, environmentally-friendly and renewable energy source without any carbon emissions to the atmosphere. Therefore, there are many studies in the field of solar energy in order to obtain the maximum solar radiation during the day time, to estimate the amount of solar energy to be produced, and to increase the efficiency of solar energy systems. In this study, it was aimed to predict the daily photovoltaic power production using air temperature, relative humidity, total horizontal solar radiation and diffuse horizontal solar radiation parameters as multi-tupled inputs. For this purpose, grey wolf, ant lion and whale optimization algorithms were integrated to the multilayer perceptron. In addition, the effects of sigmoid, sinus and hyperbolic tangent activation functions on the prediction performance were analyzed in detail. As a result of overall accuracy indictors achieved, the grey wolf optimization algorithm-based multilayer perceptron model was found to be more successful and competitive for the daily photovoltaic power prediction. Furthermore, many meaningful patterns were revealed about the constructed models, input tuples and activation functions.
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Ouyang, Jialiang, Mengzhi Wang, Qirui Hou, Dan Feng, Yu Pi, and Weiguo Zhao. "Effects of Dietary Mulberry Leaf Powder in Concentrate on the Rumen Fermentation and Ruminal Epithelium in Fattening Hu Sheep." Animals 9, no. 5 (May 6, 2019): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9050218.
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Mulberry leaves have been used as a protein source in replacing concentrates of domestic animals, however, little is known about the relationship between supplementation level and the development of rumen epithelium. This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of different proportions of mulberry leaf powder (MLP) in dietary concentrate on rumen fermentation and rumen epithelium morphology in fattening Hu sheep. Forty three-month-old male Hu sheep with an initial body weight of 16.5 ± 0.6 kg (BW ± SD) were chosen and randomly divided into five treatments: 0% (control), 15% (T15), 30% (T30), 45% (T45) and 60% (T60) of MLP in concentrate, respectively. The results showed that the dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG) in treatments T15 and T30 have no significant difference with respect to the control treatment, but DMI and ADG in treatments T45 and T60 were lower than the control treatment (p < 0.05). The apparent digestibility of organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) increased linearly and quadraticly as MLP supplementation increased (p < 0.05). The concentration of ammonia (NH3-N) trended to decrease linearly with the increase of MLP supplementation (p < 0.1), whereas the microbial protein (MCP) concentration increased linearly as MLP supplementation increased (p < 0.05). In the results of rumen epithelium morphology, the width of stratum corneum was reduced, whereas the width of ruminal papillae increased (p < 0.05), and the width of stratum granulosum and stratum basale also increased as MLP increased. In summary, MLP supplementation could improve nutrient digestibility, the development of rumen papillae and stratum basale. However, high content MLP (45%–60%) supplementation decreased the growth and food intake performance of fattening Hu sheep. Therefore, 30% MLP is recommended to supplement in concentrate for fattening Hu sheep.
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Li, Minghong, Yuanxiang Guo, Danyuan Luo, and Chuanming Ma. "A Hybrid Variable Weight Theory Approach of Hierarchical Analysis and Multi-Layer Perceptron for Landslide Susceptibility Evaluation: A Case Study in Luanchuan County, China." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 1908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15031908.
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Landslides, which can cause significant losses of lives or property damages, result from several different environmental factors whose influences are very complex. Thus, the statistical multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and heuristic analytical hierarchy process (AHP) are employed in the evaluation of landslide susceptibility. However, the landslide susceptibility maps drawn by these two methods are always affected by subjectivity and randomness. In the present study, we introduce variable weight theory (VW) to improve the MLP and AHP methods, and two novel hybrid models, AHP-VW and MLP-VW, are respectively proposed. VW theory is used to redistribute the weights of the factors in the two constant weight evaluations. This is so that the weights of the factors change with different evaluation units, thereby eliminating the subjectivity and randomness problems. The landslide susceptibility maps of the study area were categorized into very low, low, moderate, high, and very high susceptibility grades. The landslide susceptibility maps of the four models are validated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The area under the curve (AUC) is 0.825 for the AHP model, 0.879 for the MLP model, 0.873 for the AHP-VW model, and 0.915 for the MLP-VW model. The results show that the landslide susceptibility map drawn by statistical MLP is better than that drawn by heuristic AHP, which is consistent with many other current research results. Furthermore, VW can significantly improve the performance of constant-weight single models. Landslide susceptibility maps drawn by the statistical MLP model hybrid VW can be used for regional land use planning and landslide hazard mitigation purposes.
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Rathbun, Thomas F., Steven K. Rogers, Martin P. DeSimio, and Mark E. Oxley. "MLP iterative construction algorithm." Neurocomputing 17, no. 3-4 (November 1997): 195–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-2312(97)00054-4.
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Meng, Zhe, Feng Zhao, and Miaomiao Liang. "SS-MLP: A Novel Spectral-Spatial MLP Architecture for Hyperspectral Image Classification." Remote Sensing 13, no. 20 (October 11, 2021): 4060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13204060.
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Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are the go-to model for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification because of the excellent locally contextual modeling ability that is beneficial to spatial and spectral feature extraction. However, CNNs with a limited receptive field pose challenges for modeling long-range dependencies. To solve this issue, we introduce a novel classification framework which regards the input HSI as a sequence data and is constructed exclusively with multilayer perceptrons (MLPs). Specifically, we propose a spectral-spatial MLP (SS-MLP) architecture, which uses matrix transposition and MLPs to achieve both spectral and spatial perception in global receptive field, capturing long-range dependencies and extracting more discriminative spectral-spatial features. Four benchmark HSI datasets are used to evaluate the classification performance of the proposed SS-MLP. Experimental results show that our pure MLP-based architecture outperforms other state-of-the-art convolution-based models in terms of both classification performance and computational time. When comparing with the SSSERN model, the average accuracy improvement of our approach is as high as 3.03%. We believe that our impressive experimental results will foster additional research on simple yet effective MLP-based architecture for HSI classification.
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Wang, Sutian, Cuiming Tang, Jianhao Li, Zhenjiang Wang, Fanming Meng, Guoqing Luo, Haiyun Xin, et al. "The Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Mulberry Leaf Powder on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, and Meat Quality of Tibetan Pigs." Animals 12, no. 20 (October 12, 2022): 2743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12202743.
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This research was conducted to study the effects of dietary inclusion of mulberry leaf powder (MLP) on growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant activity, and carcass traits of Tibetan pigs. Eighteen Tibetan pigs (33.8 ± 1.1 kg) were assigned to two treatment groups randomly and received either the control diet (CON) or a basal diet containing 8% MLP (MLP) for two months. After the two-month feeding trial, the MLP group showed lower backfat thickness while a higher lean percentage. Compared with CON pigs, MLP pigs had higher serum CAT activity. In addition, dietary MLP supplementation significantly decreased the muscle shear force. Muscle fiber morphology analysis showed that MLP pigs had larger muscle fiber density while smaller muscle fiber cross-sectional area. Up-regulated gene expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC)IIa was also observed in MLP pigs. These results indicate that the enhanced antioxidant activity and altered muscle fiber type and morphology appeared to contribute to the improvement of meat quality in Tibetan pigs fed diets containing MLP.
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Ehteram, Mohammad, Ali Najah Ahmed, Lloyd Ling, Chow Ming Fai, Sarmad Dashti Latif, Haitham Abdulmohsin Afan, Fatemeh Barzegari Banadkooki, and Ahmed El-Shafie. "Pipeline Scour Rates Prediction-Based Model Utilizing a Multilayer Perceptron-Colliding Body Algorithm." Water 12, no. 3 (March 23, 2020): 902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030902.
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In this research, the advanced multilayer perceptron (MLP) models are utilized to predict the free rate of expansion that usually occurs around the pipeline (PL) because of waves. The MLP model was structured by integrating it with three optimization algorithms: particle swarm optimization (PSO), whale algorithm (WA), and colliding bodies’ optimization (CBO). The sediment size, wave characteristics, and PL geometry were used as the inputs for the applied models. Moreover, the scour rate, vertical scour rate along the pipeline, and scour rate at both right and left sides of the pipeline were predicted as the model outputs. Results of the three suggested models, MLP-CBO, MLP-WA, and MLP-PSO, for both testing and training sessions were assessed based on different statistical indices. The results indicated that the MLP-CBO model performed better in comparison to the MLP-PSO, MLP-WA, regression, and empirical models. The MLP-CBO can be used as a powerful soft-computing model for predictions.
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Boateng, Samuel Y., Rashad J. Belin, David L. Geenen, Kenneth B. Margulies, Jody L. Martin, Masahiko Hoshijima, Pieter P. de Tombe, and Brenda Russell. "Cardiac dysfunction and heart failure are associated with abnormalities in the subcellular distribution and amounts of oligomeric muscle LIM protein." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 292, no. 1 (January 2007): H259—H269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00766.2006.
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Prolonged hemodynamic overload results in cardiac hypertrophy and failure with detrimental changes in myocardial gene expression and morphology. Cysteine-rich protein 3 or muscle LIM protein (MLP) is thought to be a mechanosensor in cardiac myocytes. Therefore, the subcellular location of MLP may have functional implications in health and disease. Our hypothesis is that MLP becomes mislocalized after prolonged overload, resulting in impaired mechanosensing in cardiac myocytes. Using the techniques of biochemical subcellular fractionation and immunocytochemistry, we found MLP exhibits oligomerization in the membrane and cytoskeleton of cultured cardiac rat neonatal myocytes. Nuclear MLP was always monomeric. MLP translocated to the nucleolus in response to 10% cyclic stretch at 1 Hz for 48 h. This was associated with a threefold increase in S6 ribosomal protein ( P < 0.01; n = 3 cultures). Adenoviral overexpression of MLP also resulted in a twofold increase in S6 protein, suggesting that MLP can activate ribosomal protein synthesis in the nucleolus. In ventricles from aortic-banded and myocardially infarcted rat hearts, nuclear MLP increased by twofold ( P < 0.01; n = 7) along with a significant decrease in the nonnuclear oligomeric fraction. The ratio of nuclear to nonnuclear MLP increased threefold in both groups ( P < 0.01; n = 7). In failing human hearts, there was almost a complete loss of oligomeric MLP. Using a flag-tagged adenoviral MLP, we demonstrate that the COOH terminus is required for oligomerization and that this is a precursor to stretch sensing and subsequent nuclear translocation. Therefore, reduced oligomeric MLP in the costamere and cytoskeleton may contribute to impaired mechanosensing in heart failure.
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Zhang, C., X. Pan, S. Q. Zhang, H. P. Li, and P. M. Atkinson. "A ROUGH SET DECISION TREE BASED MLP-CNN FOR VERY HIGH RESOLUTION REMOTELY SENSED IMAGE CLASSIFICATION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W7 (September 14, 2017): 1451–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w7-1451-2017.
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Recent advances in remote sensing have witnessed a great amount of very high resolution (VHR) images acquired at sub-metre spatial resolution. These VHR remotely sensed data has post enormous challenges in processing, analysing and classifying them effectively due to the high spatial complexity and heterogeneity. Although many computer-aid classification methods that based on machine learning approaches have been developed over the past decades, most of them are developed toward pixel level spectral differentiation, e.g. Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), which are unable to exploit abundant spatial details within VHR images. <br><br> This paper introduced a rough set model as a general framework to objectively characterize the uncertainty in CNN classification results, and further partition them into correctness and incorrectness on the map. The correct classification regions of CNN were trusted and maintained, whereas the misclassification areas were reclassified using a decision tree with both CNN and MLP. The effectiveness of the proposed rough set decision tree based MLP-CNN was tested using an urban area at Bournemouth, United Kingdom. The MLP-CNN, well capturing the complementarity between CNN and MLP through the rough set based decision tree, achieved the best classification performance both visually and numerically. Therefore, this research paves the way to achieve fully automatic and effective VHR image classification.
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Boiko, Ernest V., and Dmitrii S. Maltsev. "Retro-Mode Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy Planning for Navigated Macular Laser Photocoagulation in Macular Edema." Journal of Ophthalmology 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3726353.
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Purpose. To compare treatment areas and navigated macular laser photocoagulation (MLP) plans suggested by retro-mode scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (RM-SLO) image versus optical coherence tomography (OCT) central retinal thickness map and treatment planning among retina specialists.Methods. Thirty-nine eyes with diabetic or branch retinal vein occlusion-related ME undergoing navigated MLP with navigated photocoagulator had OCT and RM-SLO taken. OCT map and RM-SLO image were imported to the photocoagulator and aligned onto the retina. Two retina specialists placed laser spot marks separately based on OCT and RM-SLO images in a random fashion. The spots placed by each physician were compared between OCT and RM-SLO and among physicians. The areas of retinal edema on OCT and RM-SLO of the same eye were also compared.Results. The average number of laser spots using RM-SLO and OCT template was189.6±77.4and136.6±46.8, respectively,P=0.003. The average area of edema on RM-SLO image was larger than that on OCT map (14.5±3.9 mm2versus10.3±2.8 mm2,P=0.005) because of a larger scanning area. There was narrow variability in treatment planning among retina specialists for both RM-SLO (P=0.13) and OCT (P=0.19).Conclusion. The RM-SLO image superimposed onto the fundus of the same eye can be used to guide MLP with narrow variability in treatment planning among retina specialists. The treatment areas suggested by RM-SLO-guided MLP plans for ME were shown to be larger than those suggested by OCT-guided plans.
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Sayyahi, Fatemeh, Saeed Farzin, and Hojat Karami. "Forecasting Daily and Monthly Reference Evapotranspiration in the Aidoghmoush Basin Using Multilayer Perceptron Coupled with Water Wave Optimization." Complexity 2021 (August 13, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6683759.
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of soft computing models including multilayer perceptron- (MLP-) water wave optimization (MLP-WWO), MLP-particle swarm optimization (MLP-PSO), and MLP-genetic algorithm (MLP-GA), to simulate the daily and monthly reference evapotranspiration (ET) at the Aidoghmoush basin (Iran). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to find the best input combination including the lagged ETs. According to the results, the ET values with 1, 2, and 3 (days) lags as well as those with 1, 2, and 3 (months) lags were the most effective variables in the formation of the PCs. The total variance proportion of inputs and eigenvalues was used to identify the most important variables. The accuracy of the models was assessed based on multiple statistical indices such as the mean absolute error (MAE), Nash–Sutcliff efficiency (NSE), and percent bias (PBIAS). The results showed that the performance of hybrid MLP models was better than that of the standalone MLP. The findings confirmed that the MLP-WWO could precisely predict ET.
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Willmann, Raffaella, Justine Kusch, Karim R. Sultan, Achim G. Schneider, and Dirk Pette. "Muscle LIM protein is upregulated in fast skeletal muscle during transition toward slower phenotypes." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 280, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): C273—C279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.2001.280.2.c273.
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Muscle LIM protein (MLP) is constitutively expressed in slow, but undetectable in fast, muscles of the rat. Here we show that MLP was upregulated at both the mRNA and protein levels under experimental conditions leading to transitions from fast to slower phenotypes. Chronic low-frequency stimulation and mechanical overloading by synergist removal both induced fast-to-slow shifts in myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms and expression of MLP in fast muscles. High amounts of MLP mRNA and protein were also present in fast muscles of the myotonic, hyperactive ADR mouse. Hypothyroidism evoked shifts in myosin composition toward slower isoforms and increased the MLP protein content of soleus (SOL) muscle but failed to induce MLP in fast muscles. Unweighting by hindlimb suspension elicited slow-to-fast transitions in MHC expression without altering MLP levels in SOL muscle. Hyperthyroidism shifted the MHC pattern toward faster isoforms but did not affect MLP content in SOL muscle. We conclude that alterations in MLP expression are associated with transitions from fast to slower phenotypes but not with slow-to-fast muscle fiber transitions.
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Kong, Y., M. J. Flick, A. J. Kudla, and S. F. Konieczny. "Muscle LIM protein promotes myogenesis by enhancing the activity of MyoD." Molecular and Cellular Biology 17, no. 8 (August 1997): 4750–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.17.8.4750.
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The muscle LIM protein (MLP) is a muscle-specific LIM-only factor that exhibits a dual subcellular localization, being present in both the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. Overexpression of MLP in C2C12 myoblasts enhances skeletal myogenesis, whereas inhibition of MLP activity blocks terminal differentiation. Thus, MLP functions as a positive developmental regulator, although the mechanism through which MLP promotes terminal differentiation events remains unknown. While examining the distinct roles associated with the nuclear and cytoplasmic forms of MLP, we found that nuclear MLP functions through a physical interaction with the muscle basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors MyoD, MRF4, and myogenin. This interaction is highly specific since MLP does not associate with nonmuscle bHLH proteins E12 or E47 or with the myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) protein, which acts cooperatively with the myogenic bHLH proteins to promote myogenesis. The first LIM motif in MLP and the highly conserved bHLH region of MyoD are responsible for mediating the association between these muscle-specific factors. MLP also interacts with MyoD-E47 heterodimers, leading to an increase in the DNA-binding activity associated with this active bHLH complex. Although MLP lacks a functional transcription activation domain, we propose that it serves as a cofactor for the myogenic bHLH proteins by increasing their interaction with specific DNA regulatory elements. Thus, the functional complex of MLP-MyoD-E protein reveals a novel mechanism for both initiating and maintaining the myogenic program and suggests a global strategy for how LIM-only proteins may control a variety of developmental pathways.
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Choubin, Bahram, Arash Malekian, and Mohammad Gloshan. "Application of several data-driven techniques to predict a standardized precipitation index." Atmósfera 29, no. 2 (March 31, 2016): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.20937/atm.2016.29.02.02.
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Climate modeling and prediction is important in water resources management, especially in arid and semi-arid regions that frequently suffer further from water shortages. The Maharlu-Bakhtegan basin, with an area of 31 000 km2 is a semi-arid and arid region located in southwestern Iran. Therefore, precipitation and water shortage in this area have many problems. This study presents a drought index modeling approach based on large-scale climate indices by using the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), the M5P model tree and the multilayer perceptron (MLP). First, most of the climate signals were determined from 25 climate signals using factor analysis, and subsequently, the standardized precipitation index (SPI) was predicted one to 12 months in advance with ANFIS, the M5P model tree and MLP. The evaluation of the models performance by error parameters and Taylor diagrams demonstrated that performance of the MLP is better than the other models. The results also revealed that the accuracy of prediction increased considerably by using climate indices of the previous month (t – 1) (RMSE = 0.802, ME = –0.002 and PBIAS = –0.47).
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Kumar, Rakesh, Mehdi Alipour, and David Black-Schaffer. "Dependence-aware Slice Execution to Boost MLP in Slice-out-of-order Cores." ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization 19, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3506704.
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Exploiting memory-level parallelism (MLP) is crucial to hide long memory and last-level cache access latencies. While out-of-order (OoO) cores, and techniques building on them, are effective at exploiting MLP, they deliver poor energy efficiency due to their complex and energy-hungry hardware. This work revisits slice-out-of-order (sOoO) cores as an energy-efficient alternative for MLP exploitation. sOoO cores achieve energy efficiency by constructing and executing slices of MLP-generating instructions out-of-order only with respect to the rest of instructions; the slices and the remaining instructions, by themselves, execute in-order. However, we observe that existing sOoO cores miss significant MLP opportunities due to their dependence-oblivious in-order slice execution, which causes dependent slices to frequently block MLP generation. To boost MLP generation, we introduce Freeway, a sOoO core based on a new dependence-aware slice execution policy that tracks dependent slices and keeps them from blocking subsequent independent slices and MLP extraction. The proposed core incurs minimal area and power overheads, yet approaches the MLP benefits of fully OoO cores. Our evaluation shows that Freeway delivers 12% better performance than the state-of-the-art sOoO core and is within 7% of the MLP limits of full OoO execution.
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Marakhimov, A. R., and K. K. Khudaybergenov. "A Fuzzy MLP Approach for Identification of Nonlinear Systems." Contemporary Mathematics. Fundamental Directions 65, no. 1 (December 15, 2019): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2413-3639-2019-65-1-44-53.
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In case of decision making problems, identification of non-linear systems is an important issue. Identification of non-linear systems using a multilayer perceptron (MLP) trained with back propagation becomes much complex with an increase in number of input data, number of layers, number of nodes, and number of iterations in computation. In this paper, an attempt has been made to use fuzzy MLP and its learning algorithm for identification of non-linear system. The fuzzy MLP and its training algorithm which allows to accelerate a process of training, which exceeds in comparing with classical MLP is proposed. Results show a sharp reduction in search for optimal parameters of a neuro fuzzy model as compared to the classical MLP. A training performance comparison has been carried out between MLP and the proposed fuzzy-MLP model. The time and space complexities of the algorithms have been analyzed. It is observed, that number of epochs has sharply reduced and performance increased compared with classical MLP.
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Ebtehaj, Isa, Hossein Bonakdari, and Amir Hossein Zaji. "A nonlinear simulation method based on a combination of multilayer perceptron and decision trees for predicting non-deposition sediment transport." Water Supply 16, no. 5 (March 22, 2016): 1198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2016.034.
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This article presents a fast and powerful new hybrid decision tree (DT) method based on multilayer perceptron neural networks (MLP-NN) to determine the limiting velocity in sediment transport for preventing solid matter deposition. The parameters with the greatest influence on limiting-velocity prediction are exploited from the literature in order to present the MLP-DT-based model in this study. The effect of each parameter presented as part of functional relationships in previous studies is first surveyed by means of sensitivity analysis with the MLP-NN. After identifying the most effective parameters, the hybrid MLP-DT method is used to predict the limiting velocity. A comparison between MLP (R2 = 0.957, MARE = 0.072, RMSE = 0.434, SI = 0.107, BIAS = 0.029) and MLP-DT (R2 = 0.975, MARE = 0.063, RMSE = 0.328, SI = 0.081, BIAS = −0.01) shows that the MLP and DT combination leads to increased MLP-NN ability to predict the required limiting velocity and prevent sediment deposition. The approach developed in this study yields explicit expressions for practical applications.
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Tang, Xin, Lihong Pan, Shuang Zhao, Feiyue Dai, Menglin Chao, Hong Jiang, Xuesong Li, et al. "SNO-MLP (S-Nitrosylation of Muscle LIM Protein) Facilitates Myocardial Hypertrophy Through TLR3 (Toll-Like Receptor 3)–Mediated RIP3 (Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 3) and NLRP3 (NOD-Like Receptor Pyrin Domain Containing 3) Inflammasome Activation." Circulation 141, no. 12 (March 24, 2020): 984–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.119.042336.
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Background: S-nitrosylation (SNO), a prototypic redox-based posttranslational modification, is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine the role of SNO of MLP (muscle LIM protein) in myocardial hypertrophy, as well as the mechanism by which SNO-MLP modulates hypertrophic growth in response to pressure overload. Methods: Myocardial samples from patients and animal models exhibiting myocardial hypertrophy were examined for SNO-MLP level using biotin-switch methods. SNO sites were further identified through liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Denitrosylation of MLP by the mutation of nitrosylation sites or overexpression of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase was used to analyze the contribution of SNO-MLP in myocardial hypertrophy. Downstream effectors of SNO-MLP were screened through mass spectrometry and confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation. Recruitment of TLR3 (Toll-like receptor 3) by SNO-MLP in myocardial hypertrophy was examined in TLR3 small interfering RNA–transfected neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and in a TLR3 knockout mouse model. Results: SNO-MLP level was significantly higher in hypertrophic myocardium from patients and in spontaneously hypertensive rats and mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction. The level of SNO-MLP also increased in angiotensin II– or phenylephrine-treated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. S-nitrosylated site of MLP at cysteine 79 was identified by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and confirmed in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Mutation of cysteine 79 significantly reduced hypertrophic growth in angiotensin II– or phenylephrine-treated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and transverse aortic constriction mice. Reducing SNO-MLP level by overexpression of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase greatly attenuated myocardial hypertrophy. Mechanistically, SNO-MLP stimulated TLR3 binding to MLP in response to hypertrophic stimuli, and disrupted this interaction by downregulating TLR3-attenuated myocardial hypertrophy. SNO-MLP also increased the complex formation between TLR3 and RIP3 (receptor-interacting protein kinase 3). This interaction in turn induced NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain–like receptor pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome activation, thereby promoting the development of myocardial hypertrophy. Conclusions: Our findings revealed a key role of SNO-MLP in myocardial hypertrophy and demonstrated TLR3-mediated RIP3 and NLRP3 inflammasome activation as the downstream signaling pathway, which may represent a therapeutic target for myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Flick, M. J., and S. F. Konieczny. "The muscle regulatory and structural protein MLP is a cytoskeletal binding partner of betaI-spectrin." Journal of Cell Science 113, no. 9 (May 1, 2000): 1553–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.113.9.1553.
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Muscle LIM protein (MLP) is a striated muscle-specific factor that enhances myogenic differentiation and is critical to maintaining the structural integrity of the contractile apparatus. The ability of MLP to regulate myogenesis is particularly interesting since it exhibits multiple subcellular localizations, being found in both nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. Despite extensive biochemical analyses on MLP, the mechanism(s) by which it influences the myogenic program remains largely undefined. To further examine the role of MLP as a positive myogenic regulator, a yeast two-hybrid screen was employed to identify cytoplasmic-associated MLP binding partners. From this screen, the cytoskeletal protein betaI-spectrin was isolated. Protein interaction assays demonstrate that MLP and betaI-spectrin associate with one another in vivo as well as when tested under several in vitro binding conditions. betaI-spectrin binds specifically to MLP but not to the MLP related proteins CRP1 and CRP2 or to other LIM domain containing proteins. The MLP:beta-spectrin interaction is mediated by the second LIM motif of MLP and by repeat 7 of beta-spectrin. Confocal microscopy studies also reveal that MLP co-localizes with beta-spectrin at the sarcolemma overlying the Z- and M-lines of myofibrils in both cardiac and skeletal muscle tissue. Given that beta-spectrin is a known costamere protein, we propose that sarcolemma-associated MLP also serves as a key costamere protein, stabilizing the association of the contractile apparatus with the sarcolemma by linking the beta-spectrin network to the alpha-actinin crosslinked actin filaments of the myofibril.
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Kraemer, W. J., J. F. Patton, H. G. Knuttgen, C. J. Hannan, T. Kettler, S. E. Gordon, J. E. Dziados, A. C. Fry, P. N. Frykman, and E. A. Harman. "Effects of high-intensity cycle exercise on sympathoadrenal-medullary response patterns." Journal of Applied Physiology 70, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.70.1.8.
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Plasma proenkephalin peptide F immunoreactivity and catecholamines were examined on separate days in nine healthy males before and after maximal exercise to exhaustion at four intensities [36, 55, 73, and 100% of maximal leg power (MLP)] by use of a computerized cycle ergometer. The mean duration of 36, 55, 73, and 100% MLP was 3.31, 0.781, 0.270, and 0.1 min, respectively. All intensities were greater than those eliciting peak O2 uptake for the individual subjects. Blood samples were obtained before, immediately after exercise, and 5 and 15 min after exercise. Significant (P less than 0.05) increases in plasma peptide F immunoreactivity (i.e., from mean resting value of 0.18 to 0.43 pmol/ml) were observed immediately after exercise at 36% MLP. Significant increases in plasma epinephrine were observed immediately after exercise at 36% MLP (i.e., from mean resting value of 2.22 to 3.11 pmol/ml) and 55% MLP (i.e., from mean resting value of 1.67 to 2.98 pmol/ml) and 15 min after exercise at 100% MLP (i.e., from mean resting value of 1.92 to 3.88 pmol/ml). Significant increases for plasma norepinephrine were observed immediately after exercise (36, 55, 73, and 100% MLP), 5 min after exercise (36, 55, and 73% MLP), and 15 min after exercise (36% MLP). Increases in whole blood lactate were observed at all points after exercise for 36, 55, and 73% MLP and 5 min after exercise for 100% MLP. These data show that brief high-intensity exercise results in differential response patterns of catecholamines and proenkephalin peptide F immunoreactivity.
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Song, Chang, Qiang Yue, Auriel Moseley, Otor Al-Khalili, Brandi M. Wynne, Heping Ma, Lihua Wang, and Douglas C. Eaton. "Myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate-like protein-1 regulates epithelial sodium channel activity in renal distal convoluted tubule cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 319, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): C589—C604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00218.2020.
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The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) regulates blood pressure by fine-tuning distal nephron sodium reabsorption. Our previous work has shown that ENaC gating is regulated by anionic phospholipid phosphates, including phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). The PIP2-dependent regulation of ENaC is mediated by the myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate-like protein-1 (MLP-1). MLP-1 binds to and is a reversible source of PIP2 at the plasma membrane. We examined MLP-1 regulation of ENaC in distal convoluted tubule clonal cell line DCT-15 cells. Wild-type MLP-1 runs at an apparent molecular mass of 52 kDa despite having a predicted molecular mass of 21 kDa. Native MLP-1 consists of several distinct structural elements: an effector domain that is highly positively charged, sequesters PIP2, contains serines that are the target of PKC, and controls MLP-1 association with the membrane; a myristoylation domain that promotes association with the membrane; and a multiple homology 2 domain of previously unknown function. To further examine MLP-1 in DCT-15 cells, we constructed several MLP-1 mutants: WT, a full-length wild-type protein; S3A, three substitutions in the effector domain to prevent phosphorylation; S3D mimicked constitutive phosphorylation by replacing three serines with aspartates; and GA replaced the myristoylation site glycine with alanine, so GA could not be myristoylated. Each mutant was tagged with either NH2-terminal 3XFLAG or COOH-terminal mCherry or V5. Transfection with MLP mutants modified ENaC activity in DCT-15 cells: activity was highest in S3A and lowest in S3D, and the activity after transfection with either construct was significantly different from WT. In Western blots, when transfected with 3XFLAG-tagged MLP-1 mutants, the expression of the full length of MLP-1 at 52 kDa increased in mutant S3A-MLP-1-transfected DCT-15 cells and decreased in S3D-MLP-1-transfected DCT-15 cells. Several lower molecular mass bands were also detected that correspond to potential presumptive calpain cleavage products. Confocal imaging shows that the different mutants localize in different subcellular compartments consistent with their preferred location in the membrane or in the cytosol. Activation of protein kinase C increases phosphorylation of endogenous MLP-1 and reduces ENaC activity. Our results suggest a complicated role for proteolytic processing in MLP-1 regulation of ENaC.
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Mardenli, Omar R. "The Progeny test of Friesian sires for milk traits by using the contemporary comparison method." Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA 13, no. 1 (March 11, 2021): e747. http://dx.doi.org/10.24188/recia.v13.n1.2021.747.
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In this study, the contemporary comparison method (CC) of half-sibs relation was used to estimate the breeding values of Holstein-Friesian sires for 305 -day milk yield (305-DMY) and basic components of milk traits, 409 records of cows that are daughters of ten sires in eight Syrian dairy farms where used. Result of the study showed differences in the estimated breeding values(ccEBVs), where the E Sire achieved the highest value of 305-DMY trait (254.47 kg), while the B Sire achieved the highest value of milk protein percentage (MPP), milk fat percentage (MFP)and milk lactose percentage (MLP) traits (0.822 %, 0.857 %and 1.09% respectively). According to their sires, daughters of E Sire outperformed the counterparts in the 305-DMY (p = 0.001), MPP (p = 0.001) and MFP (p = 0.04) traits (5701.44 kg, 3.55%, and 3.88% respectively). According to source of farm, daughters in Farm 5 achieved the highest value of 305-DMY trait (p=0.04) and daughters in the seventh farm achieved the highest value of MPP trait (p=0.007), the values were 5403.48 kg and 3.54 % respectively. Values of heritability (h2) for the traits of 305-DMY, MPP, MFP and MLP were 0.33,0.54,0.43 and 0.47 respectively. Most of genetic and phenotypic correlations coefficients were approaching to zero except the genetic relation between MLP and MPP and phenotypic relation between MFP and MPP (0.88 and 0.84 respectively).
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Li, Shuangyang, Shengjian Lai, Jinhao Liu, Shaobo Wu, and Lang Chen. "A MLP Based FDTD Method." Journal of Computer and Communications 08, no. 12 (2020): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jcc.2020.812022.
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Frohne–Hagemann, Isabelle. "The «Musical Life Panorama» (MLP)." Norsk Tidsskrift for Musikkterapi 7, no. 2 (January 1998): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08098139809477930.
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Moayedi, Hossein, and Amir Mosavi. "Synthesizing Multi-Layer Perceptron Network with Ant Lion Biogeography-Based Dragonfly Algorithm Evolutionary Strategy Invasive Weed and League Champion Optimization Hybrid Algorithms in Predicting Heating Load in Residential Buildings." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 3198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063198.
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The significance of accurate heating load (HL) approximation is the primary motivation of this research to distinguish the most efficient predictive model among several neural-metaheuristic models. The proposed models are formulated through synthesizing a multi-layer perceptron network (MLP) with ant lion optimization (ALO), biogeography-based optimization (BBO), the dragonfly algorithm (DA), evolutionary strategy (ES), invasive weed optimization (IWO), and league champion optimization (LCA) hybrid algorithms. Each ensemble is optimized in terms of the operating population. Accordingly, the ALO-MLP, BBO-MLP, DA-MLP, ES-MLP, IWO-MLP, and LCA-MLP presented their best performance for population sizes of 350, 400, 200, 500, 50, and 300, respectively. The comparison was carried out by implementing a ranking system. Based on the obtained overall scores (OSs), the BBO (OS = 36) featured as the most capable optimization technique, followed by ALO (OS = 27) and ES (OS = 20). Due to the efficient performance of these algorithms, the corresponding MLPs can be promising substitutes for traditional methods used for HL analysis.
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Peng, Zhang, Farman Ullah Khan, Faridoon Khan, Parvez Ahmed Shaikh, Dai Yonghong, Ihsan Ullah, and Farid Ullah. "An Application of Hybrid Models for Weekly Stock Market Index Prediction: Empirical Evidence from SAARC Countries." Complexity 2021 (December 6, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5663302.
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The foremost aim of this research was to forecast the performance of three stock market indices using the multilayer perceptron (MLP), recurrent neural network (RNN), and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) on historical data. Moreover, we compared the extrapolative abilities of a hybrid of ARIMA with MLP and RNN models, which are called ARIMA-MLP and ARIMA-RNN. Because of the complicated and noisy nature of financial data, we combine novel machine-learning techniques such as MLP and RNN with ARIMA model to predict the three stock market data. The data used in this study are taken from the Pakistan Stock Exchange, National Stock Exchange India, and Sri Lanka Stock Exchange. In the case of Pakistan, the findings show that the ARIMA-MLP and ARIMA-RNN beat the individual ARIMA, MLP, and RNN models in terms of accuracy. Similarly, in the case of Sri Lanka and India, the hybrid models show more robustness in terms of forecasting than individual ARIMA, MLP, and RNN models based on root-mean-square error and mean absolute error. Apart from this, ARIMA-MLP outperformed the ARIMA-RNN in the case of Pakistan and India, while in the context of Sri Lanka, ARIMA-RNN beat the ARIMA-MLP in forecasting. Our findings reveal that the hybrid models can be regarded as a suitable option for financial time-series forecasting.
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Khan, Muhammad Asif, Sadaf Shakoor, Kashif Ameer, Muhammad Aslam Farooqi, Madiha Rohi, Muhammad Saeed, Muhammad Tuseef Asghar, et al. "Effects of Dehydrated Moringa (Moringa oleifera) Leaf Powder Supplementation on Physicochemical, Antioxidant, Mineral, and Sensory Properties of Whole Wheat Flour Leavened Bread." Journal of Food Quality 2023 (February 2, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/4473000.
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Moringa (Moringa oleifera) has excellent nutritional significance as well as medicinal and therapeutic benefits, such as antidiabetic, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. Whole wheat flour (WWF) is associated with a reduced risk of cancer (colon cancer), constipation, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes. In this regard, the objective of the study is to determine the chemical composition, nutritional value, and antioxidant activity of moringa leaves and their MLP containing snack food (bread) to make a strong recommendation for their consumption in a balanced diet. The present study was aimed at assessing the effects of dehydrated moringa leaf powder (MLP) supplementation at 0–10% MLP levels on proximate, antioxidant, mineral, and sensory quality attributes of WWF leavened bread. Further, these quality attributes for MLP and WWF were also analyzed individually. As compared to WWF, MLP exhibited significantly higher ( p < 0.05 ) antioxidant activities, such as DPPH activity (10.38 ± 0.25 μmol TE/g DW), FRAP activity (21.43 ± 0.08 μmol TE/g DW), and total phenolic content (2.33 ± 0.04 mg GAE/100 g DW). MLP-supplemented bread exhibited significantly improved proximate, antioxidant, and mineral profile. It was evident from the proximate and sensory analysis that there was significant improvement in the nutritional composition of MLP-supplemented leavened bread; however, the overall acceptability scores of WWF leavened bread showed gradually decreasing tendency with corresponding rises in the addition levels of MLP. Based on results, it was implied that maximum acceptability was exhibited by the sample T2 supplemented at MLP addition level of 5%. Moreover, the nutritional, mineral profile, and antioxidant profile of the supplemented bread were significantly improved owing to MLP addition, and it may be implied that MLP could be exploited for improving the nutritional status of people in underdeveloped and developing countries.
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Carpenter, Chris. "Thorough Investigation Allows Mitigation of Corrosion-Resistant Alloy Pipeline Issues." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 03 (March 1, 2021): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0321-0058-jpt.
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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 30149, “Corrosion Resistant Alloy Pipeline: Creating Knowledge Behind the Scenes,” by M. Hasbi A. Razak and Nur Izyan Mukhtar, Petronas, prepared for the 2020 Offshore Technology Conference Asia, originally scheduled to be held in Kuala Lumpur, 2-6 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2020 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission. High-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) environments in offshore gas fields with a significant presence of carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the full well stream demand the use of corrosion-resistant alloy (CRA) pipelines. This pipeline system comprises a metallurgically bonded CRA layer, produced by roll bonding and known as metallurgical cladded pipe (MCP), and a mechanically expanded and fitted CRA layer in a backing steel known as mechanical lined pipe (MLP). The complete paper outlines specific issues, mitigation steps, and lessons learned during the development phase of the CRA pipeline. Pipeline System and Materials To achieve the lowest life-cycle cost, CRA pipeline designed to handle a maximum partial pressure of 18 bar of CO2 and 13 mbar of H2S at a maximum temperature of 150°C was selected for an offshore gas field. The pipeline system consists of two types of CRA line pipe, MCP and MLP. The pipeline system is divided into Zone 1 and Zone 2. The areas of application of MLP and MCP are summarized in Table 1. MLP Challenges The MLP challenges experienced are subdivided in the complete paper according to the development phase of the pipeline during which they were experienced (i.e., during the manufacturing or installation stages). Undulation Appearance on the Internal Surface of the MLP. Undulation, in this context, refers to a wavy appearance of the internal surface of the CRA pipe, which was found after the mechanical expansion process. Fig. 1 shows a sample of undulation in the line pipe. Several factors were suspected to have caused the undulation in the internal CRA surface after the hydroforming process. One such factor was the manufacturing process of the seamless carbon-steel (CS) backing pipe, which involves a pipe-piercing process using a conical device to pierce billets to create hollow, seamless pipes. To determine the actual cause, additional inspection and testing on MLP were performed. Visual inspection found that the undulation appearance on the CRA liner is similar to the CS backing-pipe contour, proving that undulation in the CRA liner was caused by the liner being plastically deformed and following the contour of the CS backing pipe. Wall-Thickness Measurement of CS Backing Pipe. Thickness measurement was performed at selected areas in circumferential and longitudinal directions of the pipe. The circumferential thickness measurement determined that significant thickness variations existed in the CS backing pipe. Some of the measured wall thicknesses already exceeded the maximum positive tolerance of the seamless pipe-wall thickness.
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Wu, Xufeng S., Grace L. Tsan, and John A. Hammer. "Melanophilin and myosin Va track the microtubule plus end on EB1." Journal of Cell Biology 171, no. 2 (October 24, 2005): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200503028.
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In mouse melanocytes, myosin Va is recruited onto the surface of melanosomes by a receptor complex containing Rab27a that is present in the melanosome membrane and melanophilin (Mlp), which links myosin Va to Rab27a. In this study, we show that Mlp is also a microtubule plus end–tracking protein or +TIP. Moreover, myosin Va tracks the plus end in a Mlp-dependent manner. Data showing that overexpression and short inhibitory RNA knockdown of the +TIP EB1 have opposite effects on Mlp–microtubule interaction, that Mlp interacts directly with EB1, and that deletion from Mlp of a region similar to one in the adenomatous polyposis coli protein involved in EB1 binding blocks Mlp's ability to plus end track argue that Mlp tracks the plus end directly by hitchhiking on EB1. These results identify a novel +TIP and indicate that vertebrate cells possess a +TIP complex that is similar to the Myo2p–Kar9p–Bim1p complex in yeast. We suggest that the +TIP complex identified in this study may serve to focus the transfer of melanosomes from microtubules to actin at the microtubule plus end.
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Kosarirad, Houman, Mobin Ghasempour Nejati, Abbas Saffari, Mohammad Khishe, and Mokhtar Mohammadi. "Feature Selection and Training Multilayer Perceptron Neural Networks Using Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm for Design Optimal Classifier of Big Data Sonar." Journal of Sensors 2022 (November 14, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9620555.
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The complexity and high dimensions of big data sonar, as well as the unavoidable presence of unwanted signals such as noise, clutter, and reverberation in the environment of sonar propagation, have made the classification of big data sonar one of the most interesting and applicable topics for active researchers in this field. This paper proposes the use of the Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) to train Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network (MLP-NN) and also to select optimal features in big data sonar (called GMLP-GOA). GMLP-GOA hybrid classifier first extracts the features of experimental sonar data using MFCC. Then, the most optimal features are selected using GOA. In the last step, MLP-NN trained with GOA is used to classify big data sonar. To evaluate the performance of GMLP-GOA, this classifier is compared with MLP-GOA, MLP-GWO, MLP-PSO, MLP-ACO, and MLP-GSA classifiers in terms of classification rate, convergence rate, local optimization avoidance power, and processing time. The results indicated that GMLP-GOA achieved a classification rate of 98.12% in a processing time of 3.14 s.
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Cho, Kar Mun, Nur Haizum Abd Rahman, and Iszuanie Syafidza Che Ilias. "Performance of Levenberg-Marquardt Neural Network Algorithm in Air Quality Forecasting." Sains Malaysiana 51, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 2645–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5108-23.
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Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm and conjugate gradient method are frequently used for optimization in multi-layer perceptron (MLP). However, both algorithms have mixed conclusions in optimizing MLP in time series forecasting. This study uses autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and MLP with both Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm and conjugate gradient method. These methods were used to predict the Air Pollutant Index (API) in Malaysia's central region where represent urban and residential areas. The performances were discussed and compared using the mean square error (MSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The result shows that MLP models have outperformed ARIMA models where MLP with Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm outperformed the conjugate gradient method.
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Moiso, Enrico, Alexander Farahani, Hetal Marble, Austin Hendricks, Samuel Mildrum, Stuart Levine, Jochen Lennerz, and Salil Garg. "Abstract 4100: Developmental deconvolution for classification of cancer origin." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 4100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-4100.
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Abstract Cancer is a disease manifesting in abrogation of developmental programs, and malignancies are namedbased on their cell or tissue of origin. However, a systematic atlas of tumor origins is lacking. Here we map the single cell organogenesis of 56 developmental trajectories to the transcriptomes of over 10,000 tumors across 33 cancer types. We use this map to deconvolute individual tumors into their constituent developmental components. Based on these deconvoluted developmental programs, we construct a Developmental Machine Learning Perceptron (D-MLP) classifier that outputs cancer origin. The D-MLP classifier (ROC-AUC: 0.974 for top prediction) outperforms classification based on expression of either oncogenes or highly variable genes. We analyze tumors from patients with cancer of unknown primary (CUP), selecting the most difficult cases where extensive multimodal workup yielded no definitive tumor type. D-MLP revealed insights into developmental origins and diagnosis for most patient tumors. Our results provide a map of tumor developmental origins, provide a tool for diagnostic pathology, and suggest developmental classification may be a useful approach for otherwise unclassified patient tumors. Citation Format: Enrico Moiso, Alexander Farahani, Hetal Marble, Austin Hendricks, Samuel Mildrum, Stuart Levine, Jochen Lennerz, Salil Garg. Developmental deconvolution for classification of cancer origin [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 4100.
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Green, David N., Richard Luckett, Brian Baptie, and David Bowers. "A UK local seismic magnitude scale, MLP, using P-wave amplitudes." Geophysical Journal International 223, no. 3 (October 8, 2020): 2054–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa438.
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SUMMARY A local seismic magnitude scale, MLP, has been developed for the United Kingdom (UK) using automated measurements of 8902 half peak-to-peak vertical component seismic P-wave displacement amplitudes from 630 earthquakes. The measurement time window increases with source-to-receiver range such that MLP is sensitive to the dominant phase within the P-wavetrain at a given distance. To avoid contamination due to low-frequency noise, the P-wave amplitude measurements are made in the 1.5–30 Hz passband. A least-squares inversion was undertaken to estimate source size, distance and station effects. The distance effect values suggest that P-wave amplitude attenuation across the UK is low when compared to other tectonically stable regions. The station effects are broadly consistent with UK geology, with signal amplification observed within the sediments towards the south-east of the country. MLP has been tied to the UK local magnitude scale routinely estimated by the British Geological Survey (BGS, determined using S waves, and here denoted MLBGS). For earthquakes with MLBGS > 3, MLP exhibits a closer correspondence to the moment magnitude than MLBGS (i.e. MLP≈Mw). It is tentatively suggested that this reduction in bias is caused by the P-wave scale being less affected by along-path attenuation. The difference with respect to physical source scaling helps explain the divergence of the MLBGS and MLP scales at ML > 3. MLP allows a robust estimate of event size to be made for small events which predominantly generate P waves, for example, near-surface explosions. MLP values have been calculated for 239 explosive events, mostly mining blasts and munitions disposal. Although there is significant scatter, explosive events exhibit elevated MLP values compared to MLBGS, consistent with explosions generating proportionally more compressional wave energy than earthquakes. For example, 33 explosions at sea exhibit a median MLP–MLBGS value of 0.50 mag units. Despite its sensitivity to P-wave amplitude, MLP is not a more consistent estimator of explosive source size than MLBGS; the magnitude residuals (station estimate − event estimate) are slightly less for MLBGS compared to MLP. This is primarily due to variability of the P-wave amplitudes that cannot be explained by a 1-D distance correction. MLP should be considered as an additional tool for characterizing small seismic events within the UK.
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Zounemat-Kermani, Mohammad, Youngmin Seo, Sungwon Kim, Mohammad Ali Ghorbani, Saeed Samadianfard, Shabnam Naghshara, Nam Won Kim, and Vijay P. Singh. "Can Decomposition Approaches Always Enhance Soft Computing Models? Predicting the Dissolved Oxygen Concentration in the St. Johns River, Florida." Applied Sciences 9, no. 12 (June 21, 2019): 2534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9122534.
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This study evaluates standalone and hybrid soft computing models for predicting dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration by utilizing different water quality parameters. In the first stage, two standalone soft computing models, including multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network and cascade correlation neural network (CCNN), were proposed for estimating the DO concentration in the St. Johns River, Florida, USA. The DO concentration and water quality parameters (e.g., chloride (Cl), nitrogen oxides (NOx), total dissolved solid (TDS), potential of hydrogen (pH), and water temperature (WT)) were used for developing the standalone models by defining six combinations of input parameters. Results were evaluated using five performance criteria metrics. Overall results revealed that the CCNN model with input combination III (CCNN-III) provided the most accurate predictions of DO concentration values (root mean square error (RMSE) = 1.261 mg/L, Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (NSE) = 0.736, Willmott’s index of agreement (WI) = 0.919, R2 = 0.801, and mean absolute error (MAE) = 0.989 mg/L) for the standalone model category. In the second stage, two decomposition approaches, including discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and variational mode decomposition (VMD), were employed to improve the accuracy of DO concentration using the MLP and CCNN models with input combination III (e.g., DWT-MLP-III, DWT-CCNN-III, VMD-MLP-III, and VMD-CCNN-III). From the results, the DWT-MLP-III and VMD-MLP-III models provided better accuracy than the standalone models (e.g., MLP-III and CCNN-III). Comparison of the best hybrid soft computing models showed that the VMD-MLP-III model with 4 intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and 10 quadratic penalty factor (VMD-MLP-III (K = 4 and α = 10)) model yielded slightly better performance than the DWT-MLP-III with Daubechies-6 (D6) and Symmlet-6 (S6) (DWT-MLP-III (D6 and S6)) models. Unfortunately, the DWT-CCNN-III and VMD-CCNN-III models did not improve the performance of the CCNN-III model. It was found that the CCNN-III model cannot be used to apply the hybrid soft computing modeling for prediction of the DO concentration. Graphical comparisons (e.g., Taylor diagram and violin plot) were also utilized to examine the similarity between the observed and predicted DO concentration values. The DWT-MLP-III and VMD-MLP-III models can be an alternative tool for accurate prediction of the DO concentration values.
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Yang, Xiaofeng, Taissia G. Popova, Kayla E. Hagman, Stephen K. Wikel, George B. Schoeler, Melissa J. Caimano, Justin D. Radolf, and Michael V. Norgard. "Identification, Characterization, and Expression of Three New Members of the Borrelia burgdorferi Mlp (2.9) Lipoprotein Gene Family." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 11 (November 1, 1999): 6008–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.11.6008-6018.1999.
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ABSTRACT We previously reported on the existence of a family of lipoprotein genes, designated 2.9 lipoprotein genes, encoded in at least seven versions on the circular (supercoiled) cp32 and cp18 plasmids ofBorrelia burgdorferi 297. A distinguishing feature of the 2.9 lipoproteins were highly similar signal sequences but variable mature polypeptides that segregated into two antigenic classes. Further screenings of B. burgdorferi 297 genomic libraries led to the identification of three additional 2.9 lipoprotein genes, renamed herein mlp, for multicopy lipoprotein genes. Computer analyses and immunoblotting revealed that Mlp-9 segregated with the antigenic class I lipoproteins, whereas Mlp-8 and Mlp-10 were members of class II. Northern blotting showed that all three of themlp genes were expressed when B. burgdorferiwas cultivated in vitro at 34°C, although mlp-9 andmlp-10 transcripts were expressed at very low levels. Additional combined immunoblotting and comparative reverse transcription-PCR analyses performed on borreliae cultivated in vitro at 23, 34, or 37°C indicated that although Mlp-8 was substantially more abundant than Mlp-9 or Mlp-10, all three of the mlpgenes were upregulated during B. burgdorferi replication at 37°C. Expression of the same three lipoproteins was further enhanced upon growth of the spirochetes within dialysis membrane chambers (DMCs) implanted intraperitoneally in rats (i.e., spirochetes in a mammalian host-adapted state), suggesting that temperature alone did not account for maximal upregulation of the mlp genes. That certainmlp genes are likely expressed during the growth ofB. burgdorferi in mammalian tissues was supported by findings of antibodies against all three Mlp lipoproteins in mice after challenge with Ixodes scapularis nymphs harboring B. burgdorferi 297. The combined data suggest that as opposed to being differentially expressed in any reciprocal fashion (e.g., OspA/OspC), at least three mlp genes are simultaneously upregulated by temperature (37°C) and some other mammalian host factor(s). The findings have importance not only for understanding alternative modes of differential antigen expression by B. burgdorferi but also for assessing whether one or more of the Mlp lipoproteins represent new candidate vaccinogens for Lyme disease.
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Grinnell, B. W., D. T. Berg, and J. Walls. "Activation of the adenovirus and BK virus late promoters: effects of the BK virus enhancer and trans-acting viral early proteins." Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, no. 11 (November 1986): 3596–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.11.3596-3605.1986.
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We have examined the activation of the adenovirus major late promoter (MLP) by the cis-acting enhancer element of the human polyomavirus BK and by the trans-acting simian virus 40 (SV40) T antigen and adenovirus E1A proteins. By using chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression vectors, we found that the MLP (pLP-CAT) was trans-activated in human and monkey kidney cells expressing the SV40 T antigen. In addition, the MLP could be cis-activated by the BK virus enhancer in both human and monkey kidney cells; approximately 20 times more chloramphenicol acetyltransferase was produced from expression vectors containing a hybrid promoter (BL), in which the BK enhancer was upstream of the MLP, than from expression vectors containing the MLP alone. This same level of enhancement of the MLP by the BK enhancer was observed in cells expressing the T antigen of SV40. However, in the 293 cell line, greater enhancement of MLP activity (70-fold) was observed with the BK enhancer sequence. In contrast, MLP activity in the 293 cell line was unchanged by the SV40 enhancer. In cotransfection experiments, MLP activity, augmented by the BK enhancer, could be further stimulated with a plasmid coding for the E1A gene products. By creating deletion mutants, we determined that the high-level activation of the hybrid BL transcriptional unit by the E1A proteins requires both MLP sequences and an intact BK virus enhancer. On the other hand, activation of the BL transcriptional unit by the T antigen did not require an intact enhancer sequence. Our results suggest that the SV40 T antigen and E1A proteins trans-activate the BL promoter by different mechanisms. We also demonstrate in cotransfection experiments that the BK late promoter is activated 45-fold by the SV40 T antigen.
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Grinnell, B. W., D. T. Berg, and J. Walls. "Activation of the adenovirus and BK virus late promoters: effects of the BK virus enhancer and trans-acting viral early proteins." Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, no. 11 (November 1986): 3596–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.11.3596.
Full textAbstract:
We have examined the activation of the adenovirus major late promoter (MLP) by the cis-acting enhancer element of the human polyomavirus BK and by the trans-acting simian virus 40 (SV40) T antigen and adenovirus E1A proteins. By using chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression vectors, we found that the MLP (pLP-CAT) was trans-activated in human and monkey kidney cells expressing the SV40 T antigen. In addition, the MLP could be cis-activated by the BK virus enhancer in both human and monkey kidney cells; approximately 20 times more chloramphenicol acetyltransferase was produced from expression vectors containing a hybrid promoter (BL), in which the BK enhancer was upstream of the MLP, than from expression vectors containing the MLP alone. This same level of enhancement of the MLP by the BK enhancer was observed in cells expressing the T antigen of SV40. However, in the 293 cell line, greater enhancement of MLP activity (70-fold) was observed with the BK enhancer sequence. In contrast, MLP activity in the 293 cell line was unchanged by the SV40 enhancer. In cotransfection experiments, MLP activity, augmented by the BK enhancer, could be further stimulated with a plasmid coding for the E1A gene products. By creating deletion mutants, we determined that the high-level activation of the hybrid BL transcriptional unit by the E1A proteins requires both MLP sequences and an intact BK virus enhancer. On the other hand, activation of the BL transcriptional unit by the T antigen did not require an intact enhancer sequence. Our results suggest that the SV40 T antigen and E1A proteins trans-activate the BL promoter by different mechanisms. We also demonstrate in cotransfection experiments that the BK late promoter is activated 45-fold by the SV40 T antigen.
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Wang, Cheng, Tao Lv, Rongjiang Cai, Jianfeng Xu, and Liya Wang. "Bibliometric Analysis of Multi-Level Perspective on Sustainability Transition Research." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (March 31, 2022): 4145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074145.
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The multi-level perspective (MLP) is a prominent framework for transition research. However, few studies have used bibliometrics for conducting a global picture of the MLP research. This study identifies the worldwide trends at three levels: sources, authors, and documents, and uses the bibliometrix based on 757 articles published in WOS and Scopus from 2002 to 2020. The results show that the MLP research literature is proliferating, and the number of journals and countries concerned in this field is increasing. MLP research has mainly focused on transition, sustainability transition, socio-technical transition, energy transition, innovation, and governance; and will increase focus on agency, power, and policy. MLP research will focus on multi-niche, multi-regime, and multi-landscape interactions at the hierarchy levels. The results assist scholars in systematically understanding the current research status, research frontiers, and future trends of MLP from a macro perspective.
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Laurenti, Elisa, Sergei Doulatov, Sasan Zandi, Jing Chen, Craig April, Monica Doedens, Jian-Bing Fan, and John E. Dick. "Molecular and Functional Characterization of Early Lineage Commitment of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.907.907.
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Abstract Abstract 907 The hematopoietic system is a highly regulated cellular hierarchy, responsible for the day-to-day production of mature blood cells which can be divided in two major lineages, myeloid and lymphoid. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have the unique ability to give rise to all hematopoietic cell types, by first generating lineage-commited progenitors which in turn will produce terminally differentiated cells. HSCs are characterized by their extensive self-renewal and differentiation capacities. While in mice the mechanisms underlying early HSC differentiation and lineage determination are well understood at the molecular level, very few transcription factors regulating lineage decisions have been identified in human hematopoiesis. Our group has recently established a novel cell sorting strategy for human HSCs and early lineage committed progenitors (Doulatov et al., Nature Immunology, 2010; Notta et al., Science, 2011) which uncovered the existence of a novel human multilymphoid progenitor (MLP). MLPs give rise to all lymphoid cell types, as well as dendritic cells and monocytic cells. Here we report a comprehensive analysis of gene expression at each developmental stage of the early human hematopoietic hierarchy, ranging from the long-term repopulating stem cells to lineage-restricted progenitors through multipotent progenitors such as MLP, CMP (common myeloid progenitor), GMP (granulocyte-monocyte progenitor) and MEP (megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor). We show that hematopoietic specification is defined by a small number of global gene expression clusters that correspond to major biological lineages and that lineage programs in committed progenitors are paired with HSC-shared priming programs. HSCs display most extensive priming along the lympho-myeloid branch (MLP). In contrast early progenitors of the megakaryocytic/erythrocytic lineage form a distinct cluster, highly enriched for cell cycle genes. To identify regulators of each major developmental transition, we computationally extracted population-specific gene-sets (“signatures”). We then integrated transcription factor expression data and enrichment of transcription factors binding sites in the promoters of each “signature” to obtain a map of transcriptional regulators in the context of the developmental hierarchy. Based on this model, we selected more than 15 candidate genes for functional validation. We chose genes predicted to act either on lymphoid (MLP), myeloid (MLP, CMP) or erythroid (MEP) commitment. Among these, we investigated the function of BCL11a, a C2H2 zinc finger transcriptional repressor, which expression is primed in HSCs then peaks in the newly discovered MLP population, indicating a putative role in lymphocyte specification. Consistent with this hypothesis, BCL11a has been implicated in the development of B cell progenitors in mouse. When BCL11a was knocked down in cord blood derived hematopoietic stem cells and early progenitors, we observed reduced formation of cells committed to the B cell fate both in vitro and in an in vivo xenograft assay. BCL11a knock-down resulted in a partial block of B cell maturation at the proB to preB cell transition, that was accompanied by a decrease in the key B cell maturation transcription factor, Pax5. These preliminary results suggest that BCL11a directs B cell specification in human and that our genome-wide strategy not only provides a valuable resource for the hematology community but also allows identification of key regulators of early human lineage commitment. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Esposito, Giovanni, L. F. Santana, Keith Dilly, Jader Dos Santos Cruz, Lan Mao, W. J. Lederer, and Howard A. Rockman. "Cellular and functional defects in a mouse model of heart failure." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 279, no. 6 (December 1, 2000): H3101—H3112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2000.279.6.h3101.
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Heart failure and dilated cardiomyopathy develop in mice that lack the muscle LIM protein (MLP) gene (MLP−/−). The character and extent of the heart failure that occurs in MLP−/− mice were investigated using echocardiography and in vivo pressure-volume (P-V) loop measurements. P-V loop data were obtained with a new method for mice (sonomicrometry) using two pairs of orthogonal piezoelectric crystals implanted in the endocardial wall. Sonomicrometry revealed right-shifted P-V loops in MLP−/−mice, depressed systolic contractility, and additional evidence of heart failure. Cellular changes in MLP−/− mice were examined in isolated single cells using patch-clamp and confocal Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]) imaging techniques. This cellular investigation revealed unchanged Ca2+ currents and Ca2+ spark characteristics but decreased intracellular [Ca2+] transients and contractile responses and a defect in excitation-contraction coupling. Normal cellular and whole heart function was restored in MLP−/− mice that express a cardiac-targeted transgene, which blocks the function of β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) kinase-1 (βARK1). These data suggest that, despite the persistent stimulus to develop heart failure in MLP−/− mice (i.e., loss of the structural protein MLP), downregulation and desensitization of the β-ARs may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis. Furthermore, this work suggests that the inhibition of βARK1 action may prove an effective therapy for heart failure.
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Porcella, Stephen F., Cecily A. Fitzpatrick, and James L. Bono. "Expression and Immunological Analysis of the Plasmid-Borne mlp Genes of Borrelia burgdorferiStrain B31." Infection and Immunity 68, no. 9 (September 1, 2000): 4992–5001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.9.4992-5001.2000.
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ABSTRACT A lipoprotein gene family first identified in Borrelia burgdorferi strain 297, designated 2.9 LP and recently renamed mlp, was found on circular and linear plasmids in the genome sequence of B. burgdorferistrain B31-M1. Sequence analyses of the B31 mlp genes and physically linked variant gene families indicated that mlpgene heterogeneity is unique and unrelated to location or linkage to divergent sequences. Evidence of recombination between B31mlp alleles was also detected. Northern blot analysis of cultured strain B31 indicated that the mlp genes were not expressed at a temperature (23°C) characteristic of that of ticks in the environment. In striking contrast, expression of manymlp genes increased substantially when strain B31 was shifted to 35°C, a temperature change mimicking that occurring in the natural transmission cycle of the spirochete from tick to mammal. Primer extension analysis of the mlp mRNA transcripts suggested that sigma 70-like promoters are involved inmlp expression during temperature shift conditions. Antibodies were made against strain B31 Mlp proteins within the first 4 weeks after experimental mouse infection. Importantly, Lyme disease patients also had serum antibodies reactive with purified recombinant Mlp proteins from strain B31, a result indicating that humans are exposed to Mlp proteins during infection. Taken together, the data indicate that strain B31 mlp genes encode a diverse array of lipoproteins which may participate in early infection processes in the mammalian host.