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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mkomazi

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Academic literature on the topic 'Mkomazi'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Mkomazi"

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Lovett, Jon. "Mkomazi." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 15, no. 5 (May 2000): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(00)01831-0.

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Brockington, Dan, and Katherine Homewood. "Degradation Debates and Data Deficiencies: The Mkomazi Game Reserve, Tanzania." Africa 71, no. 3 (August 2001): 449–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2001.71.3.449.

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AbstractThe Mkomazi Game Reserve is contested by people who wish to use its resources and by conservationists who have argued that the reserve should be set aside for wildlife. Underpinning the conservationist case is the argument that people are harmful to the reserve's environment. Former residents of the reserve, notably pastoralists, argue that human use of the reserve did not cause its degradation. The debate is characterised by a lack of data extraordinary in view of the assertions made. An earlier paper set out the contrasting views and defined the data that would be needed to test them. This paper assesses what data there are, and whether it is possible to evaluate the extent to which people caused environmental change at Mkomazi. Using physical data and comments about the environment made by observers it is argued that no firm conclusions can be drawn about small-scale change but that there are indications of large-scale resilience. As a result of this uncertainty the article goes on to consider the extent to which there can ever be clarity about environmental change at Mkomazi as a philosophical contention or as a researchable issue.

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Russell-Smith, Anthony, and Rudy Jocqué. "New Zodariidae (Araneae) from Mkomazi Game Reserve, Tanzania." African Invertebrates 56, no. 2 (August 2015): 455–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.056.0215.

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Homewood, Katherine, and Daniel Brockington. "Biodiversity, conservation and development in Mkomazi Game Reserve, Tanzania." Global Ecology and Biogeography 8, no. 3-4 (May 1999): 301–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.1999.00144.x.

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Lock, Mike, Malcolm Coe, Nicholas McWilliam, Graham Stone, and Michael Packer. "Mkomazi. The Ecology, Biodiversity and Conservation of a Tanzanian Savanna." Kew Bulletin 55, no. 3 (2000): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4118793.

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Aplin, David. "Mkomazi: The Ecology, Biodiversity and Conservation of a Tanzanian Savannah." Biological Conservation 101, no. 2 (October 2001): 259–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(01)00058-1.

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Wesolowska, W., and A. Russell-Smith. "Jumping spiders from Mkomazi Game Reserve in Tanzania (Araneae Salticidae)." Tropical Zoology 13, no. 1 (May 2000): 11–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03946975.2000.10531126.

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Igoe, Jim, and Dan Brockington. "Fortress Conservation: The Preservation of the Mkomazi Game Reserve, Tanzania." International Journal of African Historical Studies 35, no. 2/3 (2002): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3097688.

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Spinage, C. A. "Mkomazi: The ecology, biodiversity and conservation of a Tanzanian savannah." African Journal of Ecology 39, no. 2 (June 2001): 229–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2028.2000.00270.x.

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Spinage, C. A. "Fortress Conservation. The Preservation of the Mkomazi Game Reserve, Tanzania." African Journal of Ecology 40, no. 4 (November 5, 2002): 415–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2028.2002.t01-4-00393.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mkomazi"

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Canney, S. M. "Satellite mapping of vegetation change : human impact in an East African semi-arid savanna." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365299.

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Brockington, Daniel. "Land loss and livelihoods : the effects of eviction on pastoralists moved from Mkomazi Game Reserve, Tanzania." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264392.

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Mmbando, Godfrey Verfasser], Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] [Kleyer, and Gudrun [Akademischer Betreuer] Massmann. "Hydrological Sensitivity of the Mkomazi River Basin (Tanzania) to Climate Change / Godfrey Mmbando. Betreuer: Michael Kleyer ; Gudrun Massmann." Oldenburg : BIS der Universität Oldenburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1106381114/34.

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Ndaki, Patrick Madulu [Verfasser], Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Siebenhüner, and Pius [Akademischer Betreuer] Yanda. "Climate Change Adaptation for Smallholder Farmers in Rural Communities: the Case of Mkomazi Sub-Catchment, Tanzania / Patrick Madulu Ndaki. Betreuer: Bernd Siebenhüner ; Pius Yanda." Oldenburg : BIS der Universität Oldenburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1060480875/34.

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Taylor, Valerie. "Hydrological modelling applications for water resources management in the Mkomazi Catchment." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4571.

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Predictions that water shortages will constrain economic growth in South Africa by 2025 have led to increased concerns among water resource managers that there is a need for comprehensive water management strategies. To this extent the new South African Water Act requires that water resource allocation be approached in a more equitable and conservative way than in the past in order to sustain water resources for catchment development. This includes protection of the water resource base by the setting aside of a health Reserve for basic human needs and for the ecological functioning of rivers. At a time when water resource management is shifting from the practice of large dam construction to reconciling water demand with water supply in more holistic strategies, the Mkomazi Catchment in KwaZulu-Natal provides an opportunity to investigate some of the major issues that dominate contemporary water resource management. Presently (2001), there are no impoundments on the Mkomazi River and the catchment is generally underdeveloped. These factors have provided the impetus for the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry's proposed inter-basin transfer scheme to use the surplus flow in the Mkomazi Catchment to augment the water resources of the neighbouring Mgeni system. Impact-of-Iand-use and development scenario studies, using the ACRU agrohydrological modelling system, were performed to simulate the impacts of (a) baseline land cover, (b) present land use, (c) the first phase of the Mkomazi-Mgeni Transfer Scheme and (d) potential climate change on the hydrological dynamics of the Mkomazi Catchment. The results indicate that the change from baseline land cover conditions to present land use conditions has little impact on the annual water resources of the Mkomazi River. This is especially so in the upper catchment where there is little anthropogenic development and from where the planned inter-basin transfer will be made from the proposed Smithfield Dam. Although the impacts of commercial forestry and irrigation in the middle and lower catchment impose local stress on streamflow generation, they do not detract substantially from the main downstream flows. Evaluation of the impacts of the proposed Smithfield Dam on annual streamflow generation revealed that there is more than sufficient water in the upper Mkomazi Catchment to sustain the inter-basin transfer under present climatic conditions. However, under potential climate change the median annual Mkomazi streamflows at the estuary could be reduced by 46% if the dam was constructed, compared with a 22% reduction under present climatic conditions. The impacts of catchment development on the seasonal low flows within the Mkomazi Catchment indicated that those areas which are already heavily utilised by afforestation and, particularly, by irrigated land use are unlikely to be able to support any further large scale commercial agricultural development, even under present climatic conditions. Water management strategies for the Mgeni system will impact on potential water allocation within the Mkomazi Catchment. The results of the impacts studies were used to assess the water demand of the major water-use sectors and the availability of streamflows for further allocation was assessed. Present total annual water demands of Mkomazi streamflows is minimal. Even allowing for the environmental demand in the Mkomazi Catchment, as identified by the Building Block Methodology during an instream flow requirements workshop, as well as the first phase of the inter-basin transfer, there would be surpluses of 66%, 43%, 42% and 45% of streamflows, respectively, at the four instream flow requirement sites on the Mkomazi River. The results of the Mkomazi instream flow requirements workshop were revisited to assess the achievability of the recommended flows within the ACRU generated daily time series of streamflows for each of the scenarios simulated, at the each of the four instream flow requirement sites on the Mkomazi River. The results confirmed the need to ascertain the Mkomazi River's natural flow variability, and to assess how much alteration is likely under development of the Mkomazi Catchment. The Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration and Range of Variability Approach methodologies were used to determine which components of the streamflow regime would be most impacted by the inter-basin transfer. Hypothetical, yet realistic, upper and lower management target thresholds were applied to determine the range of variation experienced by the streamflow regime of the Mkomazi, under both pre- and post-dam construction conditions, and to evaluate a preliminary assessment of the characteristics of the streamflow regime required to meet environmental sustainability. The issues raised by potentially conflicting water uses within catchments in South Africa have indicated that any approach to address the increasing complexity of water resource problems, and the management thereof, requires effective hydrological modelling.
Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2001.

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Oyebode, Oluwaseun Kunle. "Modelling streamflow response to hydro-climatic variables in the Upper Mkomazi River, South Africa." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1063.

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Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of Master of Technology: Civil Engineering, Durban University of Technology, 2014.
Streamflow modelling remains crucial to decision-making especially when it concerns planning and management of water resources systems in water-stressed regions. This study proposes a suitable method for streamflow modelling irrespective of the limited availability of historical datasets. Two data-driven modelling techniques were applied comparatively so as to achieve this aim. Genetic programming (GP), an evolutionary algorithm approach and a differential evolution (DE)-trained artificial neural network (ANN) were used for streamflow prediction in the upper Mkomazi River, South Africa. Historical records of streamflow and meteorological variables for a 19-year period (1994- 2012) were used for model development and also in the selection of predictor variables into the input vector space of the models. In both approaches, individual monthly predictive models were developed for each month of the year using a 1-year lead time. Two case studies were considered in development of the ANN models. Case study 1 involved the use of correlation analysis in selecting input variables as employed during GP model development, while the DE algorithm was used for training and optimizing the model parameters. However in case study 2, genetic programming was incorporated as a screening tool for determining the dimensionality of the ANN models, while the learning process was further fine-tuned by subjecting the DE algorithm to sensitivity analysis. Altogether, the performance of the three sets of predictive models were evaluated comparatively using three statistical measures namely, Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE), Root Mean-Squared Error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R2). Results showed better predictive performance by the GP models both during the training and validation phases when compared with the ANNs. Although the ANN models developed in case study 1 gave satisfactory results during the training phase, they were unable to extensively replicate those results during the validation phase. It was found that results from case study 1 were considerably influenced by the problems of overfitting and memorization, which are typical of ANNs when subjected to small amount of datasets. However, results from case study 2 showed great improvement across the three evaluation criteria, as the overfitting and memorization problems were significantly minimized, thus leading to improved accuracy in the predictions of the ANN models. It was concluded that the conjunctive use of the two evolutionary computation methods (GP and DE) can be used to improve the performance of artificial neural networks models, especially when availability of datasets is limited. In addition, the GP models can be deployed as predictive tools for the purpose of planning and management of water resources within the Mkomazi region and KwaZulu-Natal province as a whole.

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Jacobs, David. "From policy to implementation : a case study of sustainable resource use policy in Enkumane, Mkomazi Valley, KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2071.

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Land degradation is a national concern that needs to be redressed and prevented by the government and its agencies as it has a significant impact on agricultural productivity and food security. The National Department of Agriculture is in the process of reforming the sustainable resource use policy to deal with the causes of land degradation and to promote the sustainable use of natural resources, particularly in povertystricken areas. Prior to 1994, this policy was only applied in areas where commercial agriculture was practised. The researcher has explored the struggles encountered during the implementation of the sustainable resource use policy through a case study approach within the Enkumane region of KwaZulu-Natal. The research followed a cross-sectional approach drawing from methods such as typology techniques, semi-structured interviews and questionnaires, which were employed at various stages in the policy process, from the levels of policy-makers to the intended beneficiaries. A literature review emphasized the importance of applying inte~ated and participatory approaches in implementing a public policy. The results highlighted significant differences of opinion concerning the implementation of the sustainable resource use policy within and between the different stages of the process from policy to implementation. This was partly attributed to the inadequacy in terms of clear roles, direction and guidelines, and also in terms of the institutionalisation of experience, knowledge and skills. It was recommended that a more co-ordinated and integrated effort is required to reform the policy. This calls for the establishment of mechanisms to ensure that people at all stages in the policy process are involved in a participatory manner, towards the continual improvement of the sustainable resource use policy. The significance of this study is twofold, firstly the financial burden of ineffective policies is unacceptable to our society. Secondly, the research has a potential to enhance the policy to implementation process, which may provide a platform for improving the sustainable resource use policy.
Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2004.

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Taylor, Valerie. "The hydrological basis for the protection of water resources to meet environmental and societal requirements." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3511.

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In common with other natural systems, aquatic ecosystems provide a wealth of economically valuable services and long-term benefits to society. However, growing human populations, coupled with increased aspirations for improved quality of life, have lead to intense pressure on the world's finite freshwater resources. Frequently, particularly in developing countries, there are both perceived and genuine incompatibilities between ecological and societal needs for freshwater. Environmental Flow Assessment (EFA) is essentially a tool for water resources management and its ultimate goal should be the integration of ecological and societal systems. While other ecological components (i.e. biological and geomorphological) are equally important to EFA, this thesis investigates the role of the hydrological cycle and the hydrological regime in providing the ecosystem goods and services upon which society depends. Ecological and societal systems operate at different temporal, spatial and organisational scales and hydronomic zoning or sub-zoning is proposed as an appropriate water resources management technique for matching these different scales. A major component of this thesis is a review of the South African water resources management framework and, in particular, the role of the Reserve (comprising a basic human right to survival water as well as an ecological right of the aquatic resource to maintain ecological functioning) in facilitating ecologically sustainable water resources management. South African water resources management is in the early stages of water allocation reform and the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry has stated that "the water allocation process must allow for the sustainable use of water resources and must promote the efficient and non-wasteful use of water". Thus, new ways of approaching the compromise between ecological and societal needs for freshwater water are required. This thesis argues that this requires that the focus of freshwater ecosystems be extended beyond the aquatic resource, so that societal activities on the catchment are linked to the protection of instream flows. Streamflow variability plays a major role in structuring the habitat templates that sustain aquatic and riparian ecological functioning and has been associated with increased biodiversity. Biodiversity and societal well-being are interlinked. However, there is a need in EFA for knowledge of the most influential components of the streamflow regime in order that stakeholders may anticipate any change in ecosystem goods and services as a result of their disruption to the hydrological cycle. The identification of high information hydrological indicators for characterising highly variable streamflow regimes is useful to water resources management, particularly where thresholds of streamflow regime characteristics have ecological relevance. Several researchers have revisited the choice of hydrological indices in order to ascertain whether some indices explain more of the hydrological variability in different aspects of streamflow regimes than others. However, most of the research relating to hydrological indices has focused primarily on regions with temperate climates. In this thesis multivariate analysis is applied to a relatively large dataset of readily computed ecologically relevant hydrological indices (including the Indicators of Hydrological Alteration and the South African Desktop Reserve Model indices) extracted from long-term records of daily flows at 83 sites across South Africa. Principal Component Analysis is applied in order to highlight general patterns of intercorrelation, or redundancy, among the indices and to identify a minimum subset of hydrological indices which explain the majority of the variation among the indices of different components of the streamflow regimes found in South Africa. The results indicate the value of including several of the IHA indices in EFAs for South African rivers. Statistical analysis is meaningful only when calculated for a sufficiently long hydrological record, and in this thesis the length of record necessary to obtain consistent hydrological indices, with minimal influence of climatic variation, is investigated. The results provide a guide to the length of record required for analysis of the high information hydrological indices representing the main components of the streamflow regime, for different streamflow types. An ecosystem-based approach which recognises the hydrological connectivity of the catchment landscape in linking aquatic and terrestrial systems is proposed as a framework for ecologically sustainable water resources management. While this framework is intended to be generic, its potential for application in the South African Water Allocation Reform is illustrated with a case study for the Mkomazi Catchment in KwaZulu-Natal. Hydronomic sub-zoning, based on the way in which societal activities disrupt the natural hydrological processes, both off-stream and instream, is applied to assess the incompatibilities between societal and ecological freshwater needs. Reference hydrological, or pre-development, conditions in the Mkomazi Catchment are simulated using the ACRU agrohydrological model. Management targets, based on the statistical analysis of pre-development streamflow regimes, are defined to assess the degree of hydrological alteration in the high information hydrological indices of the Mkomazi Catchment as a result of different societal activities. Hydrological alteration from predevelopment conditions is assessed using the Range of Variability Approach. The results indicate that the proposed framework is useful to the formulation of stakeholder-based catchment management plans. Applying hydrological records (either observed or simulated) as an ecological resource is highly appropriate for assessing the variability that ecosystems need to maintain the biodiversity, ecological functioning and resilience that people and society desire.
Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006.

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Sherman, Heidi Michelle. "The assessment of groundwater quality in rural communities : two case studies from KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4655.

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The health and life expectancy of populations in developing countries is largely determined by the availability of good quality drinking water. Boreholes and springs generally provide water of better microbiological and physical quality than surface water sources, however, they may cause health and aesthetic problems due to chemical constituents dissolved out of the host rock. As part of a pilot study to assess the health-related quality of community water supplies, samples were taken from two Quaternary catchment areas in KwaZulu-Natal. The Umkomazi catchment area is located inland from Amanzimtoti, while the Umfolozi catchment area is located north-east of Ulundi. The geology in these areas is significantly different. The Umkomazi area is predominantly underlain by basement rocks of the Natal Structural and Metamorphic Province, while the Umfolozi area is underlain by sedimentary rocks of the Karoo Supergroup. Geographical information systems (GIS) were used to examine the influence of lithology, rainfall and landuse activities on groundwater quality. Major ion analysis of groundwater samples from the Umkomazi area revealed a linear relationship between borehole and spring concentrations. Dwyka Tillite was found to produce water with the highest concentrations of major ions, while Karoo dolerite produced water with the lowest concentrations of major ions. Samples from basement rocks and Natal Group contained intermediate concentrations of major ions. In the Umfolozi area Karoo dolerite samples showed the lowest concentrations of major ions, while the Vryheid Formation and Dwyka Tillite produced the highest borehole and spring concentrations, respectively. High salinity levels in sedimentary rocks may be due to marine influence during deposition. Piper diagrams show relative enrichment of major cations and anions and Stiff diagrams showed characteristic patterns. Fluoride is associated with siliceous basement rocks and related to calcium concentrations through the solubility of calcium fluoride. The trace metals, manganese, iron and zinc were found to cause significant aesthetic problems and possibly health problems in sensitive individuals. These constituents are derived from weathering of bedrock and possibly from the corrosion of metal pipes. There is an inverse relationship between mean annual rainfall (MAR) and electrical conductivity (EC), except near the coast where windblown salinity increases with rainfall. Nitrate, ammonium and E. Coli contamination are linked to landuse activities such as occurrence of human and animal excreta near the water source and the proximity of pit latrines. It is recommended that rural communities be educated about the nature and importance of groundwater quality.
Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1998.

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Books on the topic "Mkomazi"

1

Cooper, J. A. G. Shoreline changes on the Natal coast: Mkomazi River mouth to Tugela River mouth. Pietermaritzburg, Natal, South Africa: Natal Town and Regional Planning Commission, 1991.

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Cooper, J. A. G. Shoreline changes on the Natal coast: Mtamvuna River mouth to Mkomazi River mouth. Pietermaritzburg, Natal, South Africa: Natal Town and Regional Planning Commission, 1994.

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Tasnia ya muziki: Mkombozi wa vijana. [Dar es Salaam?: M. Mandalu], 2011.

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(Editor), Malcolm Coe, Nicholas McWilliam (Editor), Graham Stone (Editor), and Michael Packer (Editor), eds. Mkomazi. Expedition Advisory Centre, 1999.

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Fortress Conservation: The Preservation of the Mkomazi Game Reserve,. Indiana University Press, 2002.

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Fortress Conservation The Preservation Of The Mkomazi Game Reserve Tanzania. James Currey, 2002.

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Mkomazi: The ecology, biodiversity, and conservation of a Tanzanian Savanna. London: Royal Geographical Society with Institute of British Geographers, 1999.

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Fortress Conservation: The Preservation of the Mkomazi Game Reserve, Tanzania (African Issues). Indiana University Press, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mkomazi"

1

Mseja, Gideon A., Alex W. Kisingo, Emanuel Stephan, and Emanuel H. Martin. "Dry Season Wildlife Census in Mkomazi National Park, 2015." In Protected Areas in Northern Tanzania, 133–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43302-4_10.

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Eltringham, S. Keith. "Identifying priorities for management of large mammals in Mkomazi Game Reserve, Tanzania." In Integrated Protected Area Management, 117–28. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5279-6_5.

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Rogers, Peter J., D. Brockington, H. Kiwasila, and K. Homewood. "3. Environmental awareness and conflict genesis—People versus parks in Mkomazi Game Reserve, Tanzania." In Managing the Globalized Environment, 26–51. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780445403.003.

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Martin, Emanuel H., Ryan R. Jensen, Perry J. Hardin, Glory Sumaye, Abel Mtui, Rehema A. Shoo, and Emanuel Stephan. "Using MODIS Yearly Land Cover Data to Study Vegetation Changes in Mkomazi National Park 2001 to 2013." In Protected Areas in Northern Tanzania, 145–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43302-4_11.

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Amoo, Oseni Taiwo, Hammed Olabode Ojugbele, Abdultaofeek Abayomi, and Pushpendra Kumar Singh. "Hydrological Dynamics Assessment of Basin Upstream–Downstream Linkages Under Seasonal Climate Variability." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2005–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_116.

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AbstractThe impacts of climate change are already being felt, not only in terms of increase in temperature but also in respect of inadequate water availability. The Mkomazi River Basins (MRB) of the KwaZulu-Natal region, South Africa serves as major source of water and thus a mainstay of livelihood for millions of people living downstream. It is in this context that the study investigates water flows abstraction from headwaters to floodplains and how the water resources are been impacted by seasonal climate variability. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) pattern classifier was utilized for the seasonal classification and subsequence hydrological flow regime prediction between the upstream–downstream anomalies. The ANN input hydroclimatic data analysis results covering the period 2008–2015 provides a likelihood forecast of high, near-median, or low streamflow. The results show that monthly mean water yield range is 28.6–36.0 m3/s over the Basin with a coefficient of correlation (CC) values of 0.75 at the validation stage. The yearly flow regime exhibits considerable changes with different magnitudes and patterns of increase and decrease in the climatic variables. No doubt, added activities and processes such as land-use change and managerial policies in upstream areas affect the spatial and temporal distribution of available water resources to downstream regions. The study has evolved an artificial neuron system thinking from conjunctive streamflow prediction toward sustainable water allocation planning for medium- and long-term purposes.

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