Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mizoroki-Heck'

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1

Zhou, Yuan. "Synthetic studies towards homotyrosinol sulfonamide derivatives via Heck-Mizoroki coupling reactions." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/16838.

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Homotyrosine, as a nonproteinogenic α-amino acid, is present as a component of diverse natural products that have important biological activities. Therefore, homotyrosine and its derivatives are important precursors for the total synthesis of some natural products. However, up to now, there was no report concerning a reliable synthetic route towards the synthesis of homotyrosine or its derivatives in a preparative scale. In this thesis, a robust method was developed for the preparation of homotyrosinol derivatives and related intermediates through a Mizoroki-Heck coupling reaction between an aryl iodide and appropriate amino acid-derived olefins in the presence of N-phenylurea as the ligand. In addition, a preparative scale protocol for the oxidative cyclization of the homotyrosinol sulfonamide derivative was established. These results are essential for various synthetic efforts towards more complicated natural products ongoing in our laboratory.
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2

Poulin, Carl. "Heck-Mizoroki reaction using palladium and nickel on yttria stabilized zirconia." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28018.

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This work was composed of studies analysing the capacity of Pd-YSZ and Ni-YSZ as a heterogeneous catalyst for the Heck-Mizoroki reaction. Following an optimization, mechanistic studies were undertaken with Pd-YSZ. P-XRD measurements showed a decrease in the amount of metal present in the catalyst after a cycle of Heck reaction. Also, two triple phase test were done. Using a resin supported reactant, it was showed that palladium leaches into solution and reacts through a homogeneous cycle. Also, the contribution of true heterogeneous surface catalysis was examined by means of a thiol-based palladium scavenger that neutralised homogeneous catalysis. While it is impossible to completely dismiss true surface catalysis, the negative result showed that surface catalysis did not contribute significantly to the overall reactivity. Reactions showed reactivity up to 770'000 TON with mesoporous 5% Pd-YSZ calcinated to 600°C. Using the self-assembly and the co-precipitation method, Ni-YSZ catalysts of 1%, 5% and 10% were synthesized and calcinated to 400°C, 600°C and 950°C. Catalyst characterization through p-XRD, physisorption and chemisorption allowed knowledge of the crystallite size surface area and metallic surface area. A structure-reactivity relationship study showed a limited effect in the ability of high surface area and low particle sizes to accelerate catalysis.
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3

Açıkel, Müge Artok Levent. "Silica Supported N-Heterocyclic Carbenes:Active and Reusable Heterogeneous Catalysts for Mizoroki-Heck Reactions/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2004. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/kimya/T000496.pdf.

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4

Mabit, Thibaud. "Vers la première synthèse totale de la kidamycine : développement d’une stratégie de synthèse convergente et innovante, et mise au point d’une réaction d’aryl-C-glycosylation stéréospécifique." Thesis, Le Mans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LEMA1023/document.

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La kidamycine, première molécule de la famille des pluramycines isolée de bactéries Streptomyces pluricolorescens, reste depuis sa découverte en 1956 un défi synthétique pour les chimistes organiciens. Le rempart principal bloquant la synthèse de cette famille de molécules réside dans l'introduction régio- et stéréosélective ainsi que dans l'aménagement fonctionnel de deux unités.Nous nous proposons ici de mettre au point une nouvelle méthodologie d’aryl-C-glycosylation régio- et stéréospécifique par couplage de Mizoroki-Heck inscrite dans une stratégie de synthèse originale et convergente développée pour la première synthèse totale de la kidamycine
Kidamycin, former member of pluramycin family isolated from Streptomyces pluricolorescens, remains a challenging synthetic target for organic chemists since its discover in 1956. The last bastion slowing down the syntheses of this latter family is the regio- and stereoselective introduction as well as the functionnalization of both aryl-C-glycosidic subunits.We propose to develop herein a regio- and stereospecific aryl-C-glycosylation reaction via Mizoroki-Heck cross coupling enshrined in a novel and convergent strategy for the first total synthesis of kidamycin
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5

Lopes, David. "Approches synthétiques du motif octahydro-furo[3,2-B]pyridine et d'analogues spiraniques par catalyse au palladium." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066706.

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Ce manuscrit de thèse présente la mise au point d’une nouvelle voie de synthèse du motif octahydro-furo[3,2-b]pyridine. Dans un premier temps nous avons mis en place une approche synthétique permettant la synthèse du motif bicyclique désiré à partir de la N-benzyl-pipéridin-3-one. Les étapes clés de cette synthèse consistent en une alkylation allylique de la pipéridone par réarrangement d’énol-carbonate allylique, puis en une hétérocyclisation d’alcool par des catalyses au palladium (0) ou (II). Ces bons résultats nous ont conduit à nous intéresser à la synthèse de structures spiraniques. Nous avons ainsi adapté cette approche synthétique à partir d’une série d’alcools insaturés. Ces derniers se sont avérés être de bons substrats pour une polycyclisation catalysée au palladium (II). Cette approche nous a, entre autre, permis de réaliser la synthèse d’un analogue cis du fragment CDEF de la cyclopamine. Enfin, la mise au point d’une séquence, mettant en jeu une carbo-éthérification de type Wolfe et un couplage de Mizoroki-Heck en partant des diène-alcools synthétisés précédemment, nous a permis la synthèse de composés spiraniques originaux présentant le motif octahydro-furo[3,2-b]pyridine.
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6

Staubitz, Anne. "Towards the asymmetric synthesis of (-)-rocaglamide and Optimisation of the Mizoroki-Heck reaction using design of experiment." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440140.

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7

Tasker, Sarah Z. (Sarah Zinnen). "The nickel-catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck reaction : high regioselectivity in Olefin migratory insertion and photoredox-enabled indoline formation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101456.

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Thesis: Ph. D. in Organic Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 2015.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis. Vita
Includes bibliographical references.
[chemical formula and color illustrations ...] Achieving high selectivity in the Heck reaction of electronically unbiased alkenes has been a longstanding challenge. Using a nickel-catalyzed cationic Heck reaction, we were able to achieve excellent selectivity for branched products (>/=19:1 in all cases) over a wide range of aryl electrophiles and aliphatic olefins. A bidentate ligand with a suitable bite angle and steric profile was key to obtaining high branched/linear selectivity, while the appropriate base suppressed alkene isomerization of the product. Though aryl triflates are traditionally used to access the cationic Heck pathway, we have shown that by using triethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate we can effect a counterion exchange of the catalytic nickel complex such that cheaper and more stable aryl chlorides, mesylates, tosylates, and sulfamates can be used to yield the same branched products with high selectivity. [chemical formula and color illustrations ...] Nickel/photoredox catalysis is used to synthesize indolines in one step from iodoacetanilides and alkenes. Very high regioselectivity for 3-substituted indoline products is obtained for both aliphatic and styrenyl olefins. Mechanistic investigations indicate that oxidation to Ni(III) is necessary to perform the difficult C-N bond-forming reductive elimination, producing a Ni(I) complex which in turn is reduced to Ni(0). This process serves to further demonstrate the utility of photoredox catalysts as controlled single electron transfer agents in multi-oxidation state nickel catalysis.
by Sarah Z. Tasker.
Ph. D. in Organic Chemistry
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8

Vogel, Sophie. "Synthèse de polycycles diazotes par réactions de cyclisation palladocatalysées." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066380.

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Dans une première partie bibliographique, les réactions d’amination allylique et de couplage de Mizoroki-Heck catalysées au palladium ont été décrites, ainsi que les réactions domino faisant intervenir en un seul pot ces deux processus en utilisant un unique système catalytique. Nous avons ensuite décrit la mise au point d’une méthode de synthèse douce, en conditions biphasiques, de pipérazin-2-ones 5-substituées par réaction d’amination allylique intramoléculaire pallado-catalysée. Dans une troisième partie, nous avons développé le premier exemple de réaction domino intramoléculaire de type amination allylique / couplage de Mizoroki-Heck afin de synthétiser des tricycles pipérazino-isoquinolinones. Enfin, ces méthodologies ont été mises en œuvre pour la synthèse de 1,4-benzodiazépin-5-ones. Leur synthèse a été réalisée par réaction d’amination allylique intramoléculaire énantiosélective pallado-catalysée. De plus, l’application de conditions domino de type amination allylique / Mizoroki-Heck ont permis de préparer de nouveaux tétracycles benzodiazépino-isoquinolinones.
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9

Kirsten, Martin. "Organokatalyse: Theoretische Untersuchungen zur Claisen-Umlagerung und zum Einfluss von Azolen auf die Morita-Baylis-Hillman-Reaktion sowie neuartige Bis(carben)metallkomplexe auf der Basis von Triazolen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-71134.

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Ziel der Arbeit war es, Katalysatoren zu entwickeln, in Modellsystemen zu testen und Rückschlüsse auf deren Aktivität und Verbesserungspotential zu ziehen. Dabei standen sowohl theoretische Betrachtungen mittels quantenmechanischer Berechnungen, aber auch experimentelle Arbeiten im Mittelpunkt. Die Untersuchungen wurden an ausgewählten Beispielen der Claisen-Umlagerung und der Morita-Baylis-Hillmann-Reaktion sowie verbrückter Bis(NHC)metallkomplexe auf der Basis von Triazolen in der Mizoroki-Heck-Reaktion durchgeführt. Claisen-Umlagerung. Die Wechselwirkung zwischen Substrat und dem Katalysator sollte hierbei auf eine bidendate Ausbildung von Wasserstoffbrücken zum Substrat entsprechend dem Design nach Jørgensen[1-4] abzielen. Die Auswahl der „Organokatalysatoren“ erstreckte sich von den Thioharnstoffen, über L-Milchsäure, einem Phosphorsäure-Derivat bis hin zu 2,2,2-Trifluorethanol (TFE). Mit dem Allyl Vinyl Ether (AVE) 83 wurden die theoretischen Betrachtungen der Wechselwirkung und der sich daraus ergebende Einfluss auf die Umlagerungs-geschwindigkeit durchgeführt. Der Thioharnstoff 1 und dessen Wechselwirkung mit 83 standen dabei im Mittelpunkt der Betrachtungen. Es wurden zwei mögliche entscheidende Übergangszustände postuliert. Im Vergleich zum konkurrierenden Übergangszustand [s-cis-83b•1A]# war [s-trans-83b•1A]# in Summe bevorzugt. Gegenüber der thermischen Claisen-Umlagerung von 83 war [s-trans-83b•1A]# für ΔG#[3,3] um +3,1 Kcal mol-1 erniedrigt, was einer leichten Erhöhung der Umlagerungsgeschwindigkeit entsprach. Dies konnte durch experimentelle Untersuchungen bestätigt werden. Das Phosphorsäure-Derivat 94 war im Vergleich zur L-Milchsäure 91 besser in der Lage, die Barriere des sigmatropen Umlagerungsschrittes abzusenken. Es zeigte sich, dass die Kombination von 91 mit einem Wassermolekül 8 zu dem Komplex 92 zu einer verbesserten Stabilisierung des Übergangszustandes führte. Bei beiden Systemen wurde jedoch beobachtet, dass die Barrieren über den Gesamtverlauf der Reaktion nicht ausreichend stark abgesenkt werden konnten. Für die Berechnungen mit dem Lösungsmittel TFE wurde gezeigt, dass die Betrachtung der Wechselwirkung einzelner TFE-Moleküle mit dem Substrat 83 nicht ausreichte. Morita-Baylis-Hillman-Reaktion. Mit der Morita-Baylis-Hillman-Reaktion[5, 6] (MBH) kann im Sinne einer C-C-Verknüpfungs-reaktion neben der atomökonomischen Durchführung zusätzlich ein Stereozentrum erzeugt werden. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen von Cheng et al.[7] wurde ein systematischer Zusammenhang zwischen dem eingesetzen Vermittler/Katalysator und Ausbeute/Umsatz hergestellt. Die aus der Literatur bekannte pH-Wert-Abhängigkeit der Reaktion konnte auf einen Bereich zwischen 8 und 9 eingegrenzt werden. Unter Verwendung verschiedener Substitutionsmuster am Imidazol konnte gezeigt werden, dass 1H-substituierte Imidazole die Reaktion wesentlich langsamer als die in 1-Position unsubstituierten Imidazole vermittelten, was durch DFT-Rechnungen unterstrichen werden konnte. Im weiteren Verlauf der experimentellen Untersuchungen stellte sich heraus, dass TFE als Lösungsmittel ohne Zusatz einer weiteren Base für die Vermittlung der Reaktion gut geeignet ist. Verbrückte Bis(NHC)metallkomplexe auf der Basis von Triazolen. Die Synthese der Bis(NHC)metallkomplexe und deren Einsatz in der Katalyse wurde von Straßner et al.[8-15] sehr intensiv studiert. Teil dieser Arbeit war es, die Bandbreite der Katalysatoren zu erweitern und den Einfluss von einem Stickstoffatom im (NHC)-Rückgrat zu untersuchen. Die synthetische Zugänglichkeit der Konstitutionsisomere wurde bereits bei der Darstellung der aromatischen Triazole gewährleistet. Die sich anschließende Darstellung der entsprechenden Salze konnte für die Methoxy-Gruppe am Aromaten erfolgreich durchgeführt werden. Die Unterscheidung von Konstitutionsisomeren eines Komplexes wurde am Beispiel von 126 und 128 durchgeführt. Hierbei zeigten sich bereits im 1H-NMR-Spektrum feine Unterschiede in den Kopplungskonstanten und auch in den Signalen für die Methylenbrücke. Der tatsächliche Beweis wurde mit der 2D-Methode, der sogenannten „Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation“ – HMBC, erbracht. Der Einsatz der dargestellten Palladium(II)komplexe zeigte für p-Bromacetophenon analoge Ergebnisse zu den Imidazol-Derivaten bei „gleicher“ Konzentration. Für die Komplexe, ausgehend von den asymmetrischen Triazolen (zum Beispiel 128), wurde eine erhöhte Reaktivität beobachtet. Weiterhin wurde ein signifikanter Unterschied in der Ausbeute bei Reaktionen mit p-Chloracetophenon beobachtet. Literatur. [1] D. L. Severance, W. L. Jorgensen, Journal of the American Chemical Society 1992, 114, 10966. [2] C. J. Cramer, D. G. Truhlar, Journal of the American Chemical Society 1992, 114, 8794. [3] W. L. Jorgensen, J. F. Blake, D. Lim, D. L. Severance, Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1994, 90, 1727. [4] M. M. Davidson, I. H. Hillier, Journal of Physical Chemistry 1995, 99, 6748. [5] A. B. Baylis, M. E. D. Hillman, (Celanese Corp.). Application: DE DE, 1972, p. 16 pp. [6] K. Morita, Z. Suzuki, H. Hirose, Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 1968, 41, 2815. [7] S. Luo, P. G. Wang, J.-P. Cheng, Journal of Organic Chemistry 2004, 69, 555. [8] S. Ahrens, A. Zeller, M. Taige, T. Strassner, Organometallics 2006, 25, 5409. [9] M. A. Taige, A. Zeller, S. Ahrens, S. Goutal, E. Herdtweck, T. Strassner, Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 2007, 692, 1519. [10] A. Meyer, T. Strassner, unpublished results 2010. [11] M. Taige, TU Dresden (Dresden), 2009. [12] S. Ahrens, E. Herdtweck, S. Goutal, T. Strassner, European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2006, 1268. [13] S. Ahrens, T. Strassner, Inorganica Chimica Acta 2006, 359, 4789. [14] T. Strassner, M. Muehlhofer, A. Zeller, E. Herdtweck, W. A. Herrmann, Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 2004, 689, 1418. [15] M. Muehlhofer, T. Strassner, W. A. Herrmann, Angewandte Chemie, International Edition 2002, 41, 1745.
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10

Fiebig, Lukas [Verfasser], Mathias [Akademischer Betreuer] Schäfer, Hans-Günther [Akademischer Betreuer] Schmalz, and Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Schalley. "Mechanistische Studien zur Mizoroki-Heck- und zur Kobalt(I)-katalysierten Diels-Alder-Reaktion mithilfe massenspektrometrischer Methoden / Lukas Fiebig. Gutachter: Mathias Schäfer ; Hans-Günther Schmalz ; Christoph Schalley." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2014. http://d-nb.info/107165134X/34.

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11

Trejos, Alejandro. "Palladium-Catalysed Couplings in Organic Synthesis : Exploring Catalyst-Presenting Strategies and Medicinal Chemistry Applications." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för organisk farmaceutisk kemi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-173068.

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Palladium-catalysed coupling reactions have been embraced by synthetic chemists as one of the preferred means for smooth formation of new carbon-carbon bonds: a truly ubiquitous methodology of synthesizing complex molecules. This thesis describes the study of a series of palladium(0)-catalysed C2-arylations of a 1-cyclopentenyl ether, equipped with a chiral (S)-N-methyl-pyrrolidine auxiliary. The investigated olefin was demonstrated to undergo Si-face insertion, providing (R)-configuration of the arylated C2-carbon. In addition, the mild and novel palladium(II)-catalysed dominoHeck/Suzuki β,α-diarylation-reduction of a dimethylaminoethyl-substituted chelating vinyl ether was developed using arylboronic acids as arylating agents in combination with 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ). Further, highly regioselective palladium(II)-catalysed α-and β-monoarylation of the chelating vinyl ether was achieved using either a bidentate ligand or by employing ligand-less conditions. These studies demonstrate that the choice of ligands has a profound effect on the reaction outcome, as productive β,α-diarylation could only be obtained by suppressing the competing β-hydride elimination using BQ as the stabilising ligand and terminal reoxidant. The pivotal role of BQ in the reaction was studied using computer-aided density functional theory calculations. The calculations highlight the crucial role of BQ as a Pd(II)-ligand. In addition of serving as an oxidant of palladium, the calculations support the view that the coordination of BQ to the Pd(II)-centre in the key σ-alkyl complex leads to a low-energy pathway, aided by a strong η2 Pd-BQ donation-back-donation interaction. Furthermore, an investigation of the scope and limitations of novel stereoselective and BQ-mediated palladium(II)-catalysed domino Heck/Suzuki β,α-diarylation reactions, involving metal coordinating cyclic methylamino vinyl ethers and a number of electronically diverse arylboronic acids, conducted. In addition, a set of 4-quinolone-3-carboxylic acids, structurally related to elvitegravir and bearing different substituents on the condensed benzene ring, was designed and synthesized as potential HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. Finally, in an effort to identify a new class of HIV-1 protease inhibitors, four different stereopure β-hydroxy γ-lactam-containing inhibitors were synthesized, biologically evaluated, and co-crystallized with the enzyme.
The time 12:05 for the public defense mentioned in the thesis is incorrect. It will take place at 09:15, 2012-06-08.
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12

Gramage-Doria, Rafael. "Large cavity cyclodextrin-based macrocyclic ligands : synthesis, coordination and catalytic properties." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767168.

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Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides of various sizes containing several α-(1→4)-linked D-(+)- glucopyranose units. The commercially available ones comprise six, seven or eight glucose units, named respectively α-CD, β-CD and γ-CD. Their truncated cone-like and well-defined cavity are particularly attractive for the encapsulation of a variety of substrates. As such, they found numerous applications in many areas of chemistry. A recent development, from which the present work is inspired, consisted in covalently linking transition metals to CD cavities in order to perform and study catalytic reactions in a confined environment featuring steric repulsive or attractive noncovalent interactions with the substrate or/and the metal coordination sphere.The first part of this thesis focuses on reviewing transition metal-based cavitands, for which the first and second metal coordination spheres are controlled by their cavity-shaped ligand. The following chapters are concerned with the synthesis, coordination and catalytic properties of two new phosphane ligands built on a large β-CD scaffold. The first one, named WIDEPHOS, is a diphosphine having two phenylphosphinidene "PPh" units capping adjacent glucose units on a methylated β-CD. This ligand features two phosphorus lone pairs pointing to the cavity interior but not aligned. These geometrical features, combined with the large distance separating the two phosphorus atoms, promote the formation of "imperfect" trans-chelate complexes in which the metal centre swings about the ligand. This unprecedented molecular movement, christened "oschelation", allows each phosphorus atom to form an optimal bond in turn with the coordinated d8 and d10 transition metal ions. Further studies on WIDEPHOS proved that it is better suited for coordinating dinuclear fragments within the confinement of the large β-CD cavity. Severe steric constrains on the metal first sphere of coordination result in the formation of single μ-chlorido bridged dinuclear species. In this new type of square planar complexes, non-optimal orbital overlapping measured by the so-called tilt angle was also found to take place for one of the phosphorus atom together with an "oschelation" movement involving non identical donor atoms, namely a phosphorus and an oxygen atom. Static gold(I) dinuclear complexes displaying similar imperfect orbital overlapping for one of the phosphorus atom were also prepared.
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13

Milde, Bianca. "(Ethynyl-)Ferrocenyl Phosphine Palladium Complexes and (Bis-)Phosphinoimidazol(e/ium) Compounds and their Application in Homogeneous Catalysis." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-90521.

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Die vorliegende Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit der Synthese, der Charakterisierung und der Anwendung neuartiger Phosphane in homogenkatalytischen Reaktionen. Dabei wurden die Ferrocenyl- und Ferrocenylethinylphosphan-Palladium und Ferrocenylethinylphosphan-Ruthenium Komplexe in der Palladium-vermittelten Mizoroki-Heck- und Suzuki-Miyaura-Reaktion sowie der Ruthenium-katalysierten Synthese von β-Oxopropylestern verwendet. Der Schwerpunkt lag dabei auf der Untersuchung des Einflusses der elektronischen und räumlichen Eigenschaften der Phosphanliganden auf die Aktivität und Produktivität der entsprechenden Katalysatoren in den homogenkatalytischen Reaktionen. Weiterhin beschäftigt sich die vorliegende Arbeit mit der Synthese und Charakterisierung von funktionalisierten (Phosphino)Imidazol und (Phosphino)Imidazolium Salzen und deren Anwendung in der Suzuki-Miyaura-Reaktion. Dabei wurde neben der Untersuchung des Einflusses der Position der Phosphanylgruppe und der unterschiedlichen Substituenten ebenfalls die Auswirkung von elektronenziehenden und -schiebenden Gruppen am Phosphanrest untersucht. Die neutralen Mono- und Diphosphane wurden außerdem in der Kreuzkupplung von Arylhalogeniden und in der Synthese räumlich anspruchsvoller Biaryle verwendet. Des Weiteren wurden die (Phosphino)Imidazolium-Salze als Liganden in der Suzuki-Miyaura-Reaktion in ionischen Flüssigkeiten als Reaktionsmedium angewendet, um die Möglichkeit des Recyclings der Katalysatorphase zu untersuchen.
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Pai, Shao-Hsuan, and 白紹軒. "Reusable palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck reaction of aryl iodide with vinyl phosphonates in H2O." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n495sk.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
有機高分子研究所
102
The Mizoroki-Heck reaction is one of the most powerful and effective methods to construct a C-C bond. Generally, harmful organic solvents were employed as the reaction medium, which is not environmentally-benign from the viewpoint of green chemistry. In our catalytic system, we use water as the reaction solvent instead of the conventional harmful organic solvents for the Mizoroki-Heck reaction of aryl iodides with diethyl vinyl phosphonates under very low catalytic loading. We use trans-dichlorodiammine palladium as the catalyst, diisopropylamine as the base, and water as the reaction medium to obtain the Mizoroki-Heck products in high yield. In addition, the reaction can be conducted under air and the addition of auxiliary ligand is not required. After reaction the residual aqueous solution can be reused for the next run.
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Chen, Yu-Chi, and 陳昱綺. "Reusable Palladium(Ⅱ)/Cationic 2,2’-Bipyridyl System Catalyst for the Double Mizoroki-Heck Reaction in Water." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ab6m2n.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
有機高分子研究所
102
A water-soluble and air-stable Pd(NH3)2Cl2/cationic 2,2’-bipyridyl catalytic system was found to be highly-efficient and reusable for the double Mizoroki-Heck coupling of aryl iodides with olefins in water using Bu3N as a base. The reaction was conducted at 140 oC in a sealed tube in air, providing the corresponding products in good to high yields. After extraction, the residual aqueous solution could be reused several times with only a slight decrease in its activity, making the Double Mizoroki-Heck reaction greener.
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16

Lee, Han-Sheng, and 李翰昇. "Palladium-catalyzed mono- and double Mizoroki-Heck reaction of aryl halides with vinyl phosphonates in water." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/tmajqr.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
分子科學與工程系有機高分子碩士班
106
The Mizoroki-Heck reaction is one of the most powerful and effective methods to construct a C-C bond. Generally, harmful organic solvents were employed as the reaction medium. In this thesis, we use water as the reaction solvent instead of the conventional harmful organic solvents for the Mizoroki-Heck reaction of aryl halides with diisopropyl vinylphosphonates under low catalytic loading. We use trans-dichlorodiammine palladium as the catalyst, diisopropylamine as the base, and water as the reaction medium to obtain the Mizoroki-Heck products in high yield. In addition, the reaction can be conducted under air and the addition of auxiliary ligand is not required. When diisopropyl vinylphosphonate was employed as the limiting reagent, double Mizoroki-Heck products can be obtained high yields.
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17

Tseng, Ya-Yi, and 曾雅怡. "Palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck Type Reaction of Diethyl Phosphonates and CuO/ZnO-catalyzed Three Component Coupling Reaction." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6wgypd.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
有機高分子研究所
100
This thesis is composed of two parts. The first part is the palladium/cationic 2,2’-bipyridyl system catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck type reaction of arylboronic acids and diethyl phosphonates in water under air and the second part is the three component coupling reaction for the formation of propargyl amines catalyzed by ZnO supported CuO nanoparticle. We combine PdCl2(NH3)2 with cationic 2,2’-bipyridyl ligand as a catalytic system to catalyzed the coupling of arylboronic acids with diethyl vinylphosphonates or diethyl allylphosphonates resulting in the formation of corresponding Mizoroki–Heck type products. The reaction is high-yielding and high selectivity and can be performed in water under air, rendering it an environmentally-benign procedure. On the other hand, a ZnO supported CuO nanoparticle catalyst is prepared by simple procedure and can be applied as a heterogeneous catalyst for the coupling of alkyne, aldehyde, and amine leading to the formation of propargyl amine. The CuO/ZnO catalyst shows highly efficient for this three component coupling and the catalyst loading can be reduce to 0.01 mol% by up the scale to 70 mmol. After reaction, the catalyst can be recovered by simple centrifugation and reused for several times with only slight loss of it activity.
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18

Yang, Xin-Jing, and 楊欣靜. "Reusable Palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck reaction of aryl halides with diethyl allyl- and vinyl phosphonates in water." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vz7693.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
有機高分子研究所
101
It is well known that the Mizoroki-Heck reaction is one of the powerful and effective methods to form a C–C bond. However it is not friendly towards our environment owing to the use of harmful organic solvents as the reaction medium. In our catalytic reaction, the traditional harmful organic solvents are replaced by water, and the palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck reaction of aryl halides with diethyl allyl- and vinyl phosphonates is studied. We use PdCl2(NH3)2 as the catalyst, diisopropylamine as the base, and water as the reaction medium to obtain the Mizoroki-Heck products in high yields with excellent regioselectivity under mild conditions. In addition, the reaction can be conducted under air and the addition of auxiliary ligand is not required, which makes this Mizoroki-Heck reaction operationally-simple and reduce the wastage of organic solvent precious metal.
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19

Burgoyne, Andrew R. "Knoevenagel and Heck catalytic studies with Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs)." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8545.

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20

Lo, Chi Hou, and 羅子豪. "Synthesis of Bidentate C-H Activation Imidazolium Palladium Complexes as Catalysts in Mizoroki-Heck Cross-Coupling Reaction Using Ionic Liquid." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8d967x.

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21

Huang, Shao-Hsien, and 黃紹峴. "The applications of reusable palladium/cationic 2,2''-bipyridyl catalytic system for the Mizoroki-Heck reaction and conjugate addition in water." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28218108516075201252.

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博士
國立臺北科技大學
工程科技研究所
99
We have recently prepared water-soluble cationic 2, 2’-bipyridyl ligand and utilized it to bring a palladium complex into the aqueous phase for carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions, a rhodium complex for phenylacetylene polymerization, and an iron salt for S-arylation under aerobic conditions. As part of our continuing efforts in the development of green and reusable catalytic systems, we report herein the combination of Pd(NH3)2Cl2 and cationic 2, 2’-bipyridyl ligand to create a highly-efficient and reusable catalyst for carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions. A water-soluble and air-stable Pd(NH3)2Cl2/cationic 2, 2’-bipyridyl system was found to be a highly-efficient and reusable catalyst for the coupling of aryl iodides and alkenes in neat water using Bu3N as a base. The reaction was conducted at 140 °C in a sealed tube in air with a catalyst loading as low as 0.0001 mol % for the coupling of activated aryl iodides with butyl and ethyl acrylates, providing the corresponding products in good to excellent yields with very high turnover numbers. In the case of styrene, Mizoroki-Heck coupling products were obtained in good to high yields by using a greater catalyst loading (1 mol %) and TBAB as a phase-transfer agent. After extraction, the residual aqueous solution could be reused several times with only a slight decrease in its activity, making the Mizoroki-Heck reaction “greener”. A reusable Pd(NH3)2Cl2/cationic 2, 2’-bipyridyl system for the catalysis of the conjugate addition of arylboronic acids to α, β-unsaturated enones in water under air was developed. Addition of arylboronic acids to both cyclic and acyclic enones progressed smoothly, providing the products in good to high yields, the best result being obtained when HBF4 was used to adjust the pH value to 1.0. After the reaction, the residual aqueous solution could be reused several times, making the reaction greener and reducing wastage of precious metals. A mild way to catalyze the arylation of 1, 4-Quinones was developed. It could be carry out under the catalyst amount of metal, and didn’t need halide or persuade halide groups on the initial. In addition, the reaction could be proceeded by using HBF4 to adjust the pH value to 1.0, and didn’t need extra metal as an oxidant to get the product. Moreover, the residual aqueous solution after reaction also could be reused several times to reduce the wastage of metals.
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22

Li, Chieh-Keng, and 李杰耕. "Cationic(η3-Allyl) Palladium Complexes Bearing Fluoro-ponytailed Bipyridine ligands-catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck Reaction under Thermomorphic Mode(or in Microwave Reactor)." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/j42mf9.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
有機高分子研究所
98
The reaction of allylpalladium(II) chloride dimer and [4,4′-bis(RfCH2OCH2)-2,2′-bpy, 1a-c, Rf= C9F19 (a), C10F21 (b), C11F23 (c)] in the presence of AgOTf (OTf= CF3SO3) resulted in cationic complexes, [Pd(η3-allyl)(4,4′-bis-(RfCH2OCH2)-2,2′-bpy)](OTf), 2a-c, respectively. Complexes 2a-c, obvious soluble in polar organic solvents at 10~45℃but insoluble at -20~-30℃, were demonstrated as catalysts in the cationic Pd-catalyzed Heck reaction under the thermomorphic mode and recovered for reusage. The cationic Pd-catalyzed Heck arylation of methyl acrylate with aryl bromides was selected to demonstrate the feasibility of recycling usage with 2b as the catalyst using DMF as the solvent at 150℃ for about 15 h in each run. At the end of each cycle, the product mixtures were cooled to -20℃; then catalysts were recovered by decantation. The products were quantified by GC analysis and yield was about 90~100% . The Heck reaction of C6H5I with methyl acrylate could be catalyzed by 2b with good recycling results for a total of 15 times.
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23

Nunes, Danilo Rosa. "Hybrid core-shell nanogels as catalytic nanoreactors." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/34598.

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Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2016
Tailor-made nanogels prepared via reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization were successfully applied as support material for palladium(0) nanoparticles. Besides stabilizing the metal nanoparticles for at least one year, this hybrid nanogel catalyst was successfully applied for the Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling reaction. This C-C coupling reached good yields in 2 hours at 120°C in dimethylacetamide with low catalyst loadings (0,1 mol% Pd). It showed a broad catalytic scope ranging from bromo-arenes (with electron withdrawing groups) to iodo-arenes (with either electro-withdrawing, electron-donating or without substituents) and different olefins. The catalyst did not present any problem upon the catalysis of substrates with functional groups in different position relative to the halogen, with the exception of functional groups with carbonyl in ortho position. These substrates presented a notable decrease in the coupling yield. Furthermore, the reactivity of methacrylates was subject of a deep investigation showing the formation of an uncommon bis-arylated product. Despite good results in simple couplings, the hybrid nanogel catalyst system was proven inefficient when applied to more complex systems such as intramolecular tandem Mizoroki-Heck reaction, and the synthesis of specific molecules scaffolds such as indenes and coumarins. Finally, a Collman´s test with macromolecular substrates demonstrated signs of leaching of the metal during the catalysis by the hybrid nanogel.
Nanogéis sintetizados através de uma técnica de polimerização controlada (RAFT, do inglês reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer) foram aplicados com sucesso como materiais de suporte para nanopartículas de paládio(0). Este material de suporte demonstrou-se capaz de estabilizar as nanopartículas durante, pelo menos, mais de um ano. Este catalisador, incluindo o nanogel como material de suporte e paládio incorporado, foi aplicado com sucesso na reação Mizoroki-Heck demonstrando uma ampla versatilidade catalítica. Na reação de Mizoroki-Heck o catalisador demonstrou-se capaz de catalisar o acoplamento C-C entre diferentes arenos: desde bromo arenos (com grupos eletroatractores) a iodo-arenos (com grupos eletroactratores, eletrodadores ou sem grupos substituintes) e diferentes olefinas, alcançando bons rendimentos em 2 horas a 120º C em N,N dimetilacetamida e com baixa quantidade de paládio (0,1 mol % Pd). O catalisador não demonstrou problemas com a mudança da posição relativa de grupos funcionais no anel aromático, à exceção de substratos contendo grupos funcionais com carbonilos situados na posição ortho. Estes substratos demonstraram uma grande redução no rendimento da reação de acoplamento C-C. A reatividade de metacrilatos foi testada demonstrando a formação, fora do comum, de produtos bis-arilados. Apesar dos bons resultados com sistemas simples, quando aplicado a sistemas mais complexos o catalisador demostrou-se ineficaz. Os sistemas mais complexos testados foram reações intramoleculares e consecutivas de Mizoroki-Heck e a síntese de indenos e cumarinas. Um teste de Collman com substratos macromoleculares demonstrou que durante a reação o nanogel perde parte do paládio imobilizado.
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24

Su, Yong-Siang, and 蘇永祥. "Tetranuclear Palladium Complexes of Abnormal N-heterocyclic Carbene Ligands and their Catalytic Activities in Mizoroki-Heck Coupling Reaction of Electron-Rich Aryl Chlorides." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/j6h2kp.

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碩士
國立彰化師範大學
化學系
107
Based on the ligand scaffold of an imidazolyl/benziimidazolyl moiety and a N-CH2C(=O)NHPh substituent, two novel series of ligand precursors with an ortho hydroxy group incorporated on the N-phenyl ring were prepared. The structural fine tuning of the ligand scaffold allowed the facile synthesis of the first example of tetranuclear palladium complexes with abnormal NHC (aNHC) ligands. For those precursors with C2-methyl blocking group, pyridine-assisted C—H bond activation led to the formation of mononuclear tridentate palladium aNHC complexes or tetranuclear complexes with tridentate CNO donors. Representative mononuclear and tetranuclear palladium aNHC complexes were structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction studies, revealing extremely short Pd─C bond distances. The tetranuclear palladium aNHC complexes were extremely effective in catalyzing Mizoroki-Heck coupling reaction, capable of the use of a range of aryl chlorides including deactivated substrates with a low Pd loading of 0.2 mol%.
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25

Liu, Ling-Jun, and 劉玲均. "Highly Efficient and Reusable Pd-Catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck Reaction of Aryl Halides and Methoxy-substituted Styrenes for the Synthesis of Resveratrol Derivatives in Water." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/cnys5r.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
分子科學與工程系有機高分子碩士班
106
Trans-stilbenes with polyphenolic functional groups may have biological activity and antioxidant effect. Taking resveratrol as an example, it is a polyphenol antioxidant, has been found in various food sources such as grapes, berries, and peanuts. It is a phytoalexin and can be applied to the prevention of inflammation, heart disease, aging, etc. It is very difficult to extract this type of natural product. Because a large amount of grape peel is needed to extract a little resveratrol, and only a single type of polyphenol compound can be obtained. We have found a simple method of synthesis, can be achieved with a large number of biologically active resveratrol and functional groups of various polyphenolic derivatives. Therefore, we have recently prepared a water-soluble cationic 2,2’-bipyridyl ligand and utilized it to bring a PdCl2(NH3)2. In the aqueous phase, we successfully synthesized trans-stilbene derivatives with different methoxy groups at diverse positions. In this experiment, tetrabutylammonium bromide was used as a phase-transfer agent in the reaction system using pure water as the solvent, and the styrene derivatives and the aromatic halides were successfully subjected to the Mizoroki-Heck reaction. After extraction, the residual aqueous solution could be reused several times with only a slight decrease in its activity.
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26

Kirsten, Martin. "Organokatalyse: Theoretische Untersuchungen zur Claisen-Umlagerung und zum Einfluss von Azolen auf die Morita-Baylis-Hillman-Reaktion sowie neuartige Bis(carben)metallkomplexe auf der Basis von Triazolen." Doctoral thesis, 2010. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A25639.

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Ziel der Arbeit war es, Katalysatoren zu entwickeln, in Modellsystemen zu testen und Rückschlüsse auf deren Aktivität und Verbesserungspotential zu ziehen. Dabei standen sowohl theoretische Betrachtungen mittels quantenmechanischer Berechnungen, aber auch experimentelle Arbeiten im Mittelpunkt. Die Untersuchungen wurden an ausgewählten Beispielen der Claisen-Umlagerung und der Morita-Baylis-Hillmann-Reaktion sowie verbrückter Bis(NHC)metallkomplexe auf der Basis von Triazolen in der Mizoroki-Heck-Reaktion durchgeführt. Claisen-Umlagerung. Die Wechselwirkung zwischen Substrat und dem Katalysator sollte hierbei auf eine bidendate Ausbildung von Wasserstoffbrücken zum Substrat entsprechend dem Design nach Jørgensen[1-4] abzielen. Die Auswahl der „Organokatalysatoren“ erstreckte sich von den Thioharnstoffen, über L-Milchsäure, einem Phosphorsäure-Derivat bis hin zu 2,2,2-Trifluorethanol (TFE). Mit dem Allyl Vinyl Ether (AVE) 83 wurden die theoretischen Betrachtungen der Wechselwirkung und der sich daraus ergebende Einfluss auf die Umlagerungs-geschwindigkeit durchgeführt. Der Thioharnstoff 1 und dessen Wechselwirkung mit 83 standen dabei im Mittelpunkt der Betrachtungen. Es wurden zwei mögliche entscheidende Übergangszustände postuliert. Im Vergleich zum konkurrierenden Übergangszustand [s-cis-83b•1A]# war [s-trans-83b•1A]# in Summe bevorzugt. Gegenüber der thermischen Claisen-Umlagerung von 83 war [s-trans-83b•1A]# für ΔG#[3,3] um +3,1 Kcal mol-1 erniedrigt, was einer leichten Erhöhung der Umlagerungsgeschwindigkeit entsprach. Dies konnte durch experimentelle Untersuchungen bestätigt werden. Das Phosphorsäure-Derivat 94 war im Vergleich zur L-Milchsäure 91 besser in der Lage, die Barriere des sigmatropen Umlagerungsschrittes abzusenken. Es zeigte sich, dass die Kombination von 91 mit einem Wassermolekül 8 zu dem Komplex 92 zu einer verbesserten Stabilisierung des Übergangszustandes führte. Bei beiden Systemen wurde jedoch beobachtet, dass die Barrieren über den Gesamtverlauf der Reaktion nicht ausreichend stark abgesenkt werden konnten. Für die Berechnungen mit dem Lösungsmittel TFE wurde gezeigt, dass die Betrachtung der Wechselwirkung einzelner TFE-Moleküle mit dem Substrat 83 nicht ausreichte. Morita-Baylis-Hillman-Reaktion. Mit der Morita-Baylis-Hillman-Reaktion[5, 6] (MBH) kann im Sinne einer C-C-Verknüpfungs-reaktion neben der atomökonomischen Durchführung zusätzlich ein Stereozentrum erzeugt werden. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen von Cheng et al.[7] wurde ein systematischer Zusammenhang zwischen dem eingesetzen Vermittler/Katalysator und Ausbeute/Umsatz hergestellt. Die aus der Literatur bekannte pH-Wert-Abhängigkeit der Reaktion konnte auf einen Bereich zwischen 8 und 9 eingegrenzt werden. Unter Verwendung verschiedener Substitutionsmuster am Imidazol konnte gezeigt werden, dass 1H-substituierte Imidazole die Reaktion wesentlich langsamer als die in 1-Position unsubstituierten Imidazole vermittelten, was durch DFT-Rechnungen unterstrichen werden konnte. Im weiteren Verlauf der experimentellen Untersuchungen stellte sich heraus, dass TFE als Lösungsmittel ohne Zusatz einer weiteren Base für die Vermittlung der Reaktion gut geeignet ist. Verbrückte Bis(NHC)metallkomplexe auf der Basis von Triazolen. Die Synthese der Bis(NHC)metallkomplexe und deren Einsatz in der Katalyse wurde von Straßner et al.[8-15] sehr intensiv studiert. Teil dieser Arbeit war es, die Bandbreite der Katalysatoren zu erweitern und den Einfluss von einem Stickstoffatom im (NHC)-Rückgrat zu untersuchen. Die synthetische Zugänglichkeit der Konstitutionsisomere wurde bereits bei der Darstellung der aromatischen Triazole gewährleistet. Die sich anschließende Darstellung der entsprechenden Salze konnte für die Methoxy-Gruppe am Aromaten erfolgreich durchgeführt werden. Die Unterscheidung von Konstitutionsisomeren eines Komplexes wurde am Beispiel von 126 und 128 durchgeführt. Hierbei zeigten sich bereits im 1H-NMR-Spektrum feine Unterschiede in den Kopplungskonstanten und auch in den Signalen für die Methylenbrücke. Der tatsächliche Beweis wurde mit der 2D-Methode, der sogenannten „Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation“ – HMBC, erbracht. Der Einsatz der dargestellten Palladium(II)komplexe zeigte für p-Bromacetophenon analoge Ergebnisse zu den Imidazol-Derivaten bei „gleicher“ Konzentration. Für die Komplexe, ausgehend von den asymmetrischen Triazolen (zum Beispiel 128), wurde eine erhöhte Reaktivität beobachtet. Weiterhin wurde ein signifikanter Unterschied in der Ausbeute bei Reaktionen mit p-Chloracetophenon beobachtet. Literatur. [1] D. L. Severance, W. L. Jorgensen, Journal of the American Chemical Society 1992, 114, 10966. [2] C. J. Cramer, D. G. Truhlar, Journal of the American Chemical Society 1992, 114, 8794. [3] W. L. Jorgensen, J. F. Blake, D. Lim, D. L. Severance, Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1994, 90, 1727. [4] M. M. Davidson, I. H. Hillier, Journal of Physical Chemistry 1995, 99, 6748. [5] A. B. Baylis, M. E. D. Hillman, (Celanese Corp.). Application: DE DE, 1972, p. 16 pp. [6] K. Morita, Z. Suzuki, H. Hirose, Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 1968, 41, 2815. [7] S. Luo, P. G. Wang, J.-P. Cheng, Journal of Organic Chemistry 2004, 69, 555. [8] S. Ahrens, A. Zeller, M. Taige, T. Strassner, Organometallics 2006, 25, 5409. [9] M. A. Taige, A. Zeller, S. Ahrens, S. Goutal, E. Herdtweck, T. Strassner, Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 2007, 692, 1519. [10] A. Meyer, T. Strassner, unpublished results 2010. [11] M. Taige, TU Dresden (Dresden), 2009. [12] S. Ahrens, E. Herdtweck, S. Goutal, T. Strassner, European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2006, 1268. [13] S. Ahrens, T. Strassner, Inorganica Chimica Acta 2006, 359, 4789. [14] T. Strassner, M. Muehlhofer, A. Zeller, E. Herdtweck, W. A. Herrmann, Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 2004, 689, 1418. [15] M. Muehlhofer, T. Strassner, W. A. Herrmann, Angewandte Chemie, International Edition 2002, 41, 1745.
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