Academic literature on the topic 'Mixtures of g-prior'
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Journal articles on the topic "Mixtures of g-prior"
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Bovey, Rodney W., and Steven G. Whisenant. "Honey Mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) Control by Synergistic Action of Clopyralid: Triclopyr Mixtures." Weed Science 40, no. 4 (December 1992): 563–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500058148.
Full textAbstract:
Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to evaluate clopyralid formulations and triclopyr ester alone and in mixtures for control of honey mesquite. In the greenhouse the butoxyethyl ester of triclopyr enhanced activity of the monoethanolamine salt of clopyralid when applied as mixtures for total rates of 210 to 630 g ae ha-1. Greenhouse activity of triclopyr was not enhanced with the addition of clopyralid. In the field, 1989 applications of these same formulations, mixtures, and rates were usually synergistic, with each mixture killing more plants than the combined effect of either herbicide applied alone. For example, clopyralid plus triclopyr at 140 plus 140 g ae ha-1killed 87% of the plants. When applied alone at 140 g ha-1neither herbicide killed >27% of the plants. Honey mesquite response to the potassium or oleylamine salt of clopyralid was similar to the monoethanolamine salt when applied alone or in mixtures with triclopyr ester. Effectiveness of these mixtures in 1990 was similar to the 1988 and 1989 applications except that two to three times more herbicide was required for high mortality in 1990 because of unfavorable environment and plant growth prior to treatment.
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Waggoner, Brock S., Thomas C. Mueller, Jason A. Bond, and Lawrence E. Steckel. "Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) with Saflufenacil Tank Mixtures in No-Till Cotton." Weed Technology 25, no. 3 (September 2011): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-10-00161.1.
Full textAbstract:
Glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed management continues to be a challenge in no-till cotton systems in Tennessee and Mississippi. Field studies were conducted in 2009 and 2010 to evaluate saflufenacil in tank mixtures with glyphosate, glufosinate, or paraquat on GR horseweed prior to planting cotton. Saflufenacil and saflufenacil tank mixtures were applied 7 d before planting (DBP). Three broad spectrum herbicides were tank-mixed with saflufenacil at rates of 0, 6.3, 12.5, 25, and 50 g ai ha−1. Saflufenacil at 25 and 50 g ai ha−1in tank mixture with all three broad-spectrum herbicides provided similar GR horseweed control when compared to the current standard of glyphosate + dicamba. Across all saflufenacil rates, lint cotton yield among the glyphosate, glufosinate, and paraquat tank mixture treatments did not differ from each other. Control of horseweed with 25 or 50 g ha−1of saflufenacil across all tank mixtures also was not different from the standard of glyphosate + dicamba. Moreover, saflufenacil, on silt loam soil evaluated in this study, showed no more cotton injury than glyphosate applied 7 d or more before planting. Saflufenacil applied alone at 25 g ha−1provided lower control of GR horseweed than the standard, which translated to lower lint yield compared to the glyphosate + dicamba treatment or saflufenacil with each tank mixture partner. The 12.5 g ha−1rate of saflufenacil tank mixed with either paraquat or glufosinate provided less horseweed control (< 85%) than if higher rates of saflufenacil were used (> 95%). However, lint cotton yield was not different between these treatments. This research suggests that saflufenacil at 25 g ha−1is the most optimal rate for tank mixtures with glyphosate, glufosinate, or paraquat. It also reaffirms earlier research that the 25 g ha−1saflufenacil rate safely can be applied inside the currently labeled 42-d waiting period between a saflufenacil application and cotton planting.
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Lošák, Tomáš, Jaroslav Hlušek, Jiří Jandák, Radek Filipčík, Marie Straková, Ľubica Janků, Helena Hutyrová, Daniela Knotová, Martin Lošák, and Magdalena Ševčíková. "The effect of soil applications of zeolite, agrisorb and lignite on the chemical composition of clover-grass mixtures grown in arid conditions of South Moravia." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 58, no. 5 (2010): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201058050247.
Full textAbstract:
The two-year field trial was established in May 2008 on light soil in the cadastre of Ratíškovice near Hodonín in an arid maize-growing production area. Prior to sowing selected soil conditioners were applied in experimental plots of an area of 864 m2 as follows: zeolite (a mineral of high sorption capacity), lignite (the youngest coal containing humus substances) and the supplementary soil substance agrisorb (polymer organic compound capable of holding in its structure and subsequently releasing water) and they were incorporated into a profile of 0.15 m. Including the untreated control the experiment involved 4 treatments. The rates of the conditioners were as follows: zeolite – 3 l . m−2, fraction used 1–2 mm; agrisorb – 20 g . m−2; lignite – 1000 g . m−2. Three types of clover-grass mixtures were sown: landscape mixture with an addition of leguminous plants (seeding rate 200 kg . ha−1), regional mixture (100 kg . ha−1) and annual mixture (70 kg . ha−1). The aboveground biomass taken from an area of 0.05 m2 was sampled in the stage of bud setting with three repetitions to each treatment. In 2008 and 2009 the respective treatments did not significantly change the contents of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in the aboveground biomass of the clover-grass mixtures. The differences in the contents of the macro elements were significant only between the individual types of mixtures and were due to their different botanical composition. Between the years 2008 and 2009 no significant differences were discovered among treatments in terms of the contents of P and K in none of the mixtures, but the Mg content decreased in the second year in most treatments by 50 relative % and more. The contents of N and Ca increased significantly in the second year in the regional and landscape mixtures; in the annual mixture also the Ca content. The year-on-year differences however were seen also in the untreated control showing the apparent effect of the year. A longer period of monitoring is necessary if we are to achieve an objective evaluation of the effect of the applied preparations on the chemical composition of the aboveground biomass.
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Burke, Ian C., Shawn D. Askew, Jerry L. Corbett, and John W. Wilcut. "Glufosinate Antagonizes Clethodim Control of Goosegrass (Eleusine indica)." Weed Technology 19, no. 3 (September 2005): 664–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-04-214r1.1.
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Because of a previously reported antagonism of clethodim activity by other herbicides, greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine goosegrass control with clethodim and glufosinate postemergence alone, in tank mixtures, and as sequential treatments. Herbicide treatments consisted of glufosinate at 0, 290, or 410 g ai/ha and clethodim at 0, 105, or 140 g ai/ha, each applied alone, in all possible combinations of the above application rates, or sequentially. Glufosinate at either rate alone controlled goosegrass at the two- to four-leaf growth stage <44%, and control was less for goosegrass at the one- to two- and four- to six-tiller growth stages. Clethodim controlled two- to four-leaf and one- to two-tiller goosegrass 91 and 99% at application rates of 105 and 140 g/ha, respectively, and controlled four- to six-tiller goosegrass 68 and 83% at application rates of 105 and 140 g ai/ha, respectively. All tank mixtures of glufosinate with clethodim reduced goosegrass control at least 52 percentage points when compared to the control with clethodim alone. Glufosinate at 290 or 410 g/ha when applied sequentially 7 or 14 d prior to clethodim reduced goosegrass control at least 50 percentage points compared to the control obtained with clethodim applied alone. Clethodim at rates of 105 or 140 g/ha when applied 7 or 14 d prior to glufosinate controlled goosegrass equivalent to the control obtained with each respective rate of clethodim applied alone at the two- to four-leaf and one- to two-tiller growth stage. Clethodim should be applied to goosegrass no larger than at the one- to two-tiller growth stage at least 7 d prior to glufosinate application or 14 d after a glufosinate application for effective goosegrass control.
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Zouaoui, Younes, Ferhat Benmahiddine, Ammar Yahia, and Rafik Belarbi. "Hygrothermal and Mechanical Behaviors of Fiber Mortar: Comparative Study between Palm and Hemp Fibers." Energies 14, no. 21 (November 1, 2021): 7110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217110.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents an experimental investigation of the hygrothermal and mechanical properties of innovative mortar mixtures reinforced with natural fibers. Fibers extracted from palm stems (PS) and hemp (HF) were evaluated at different percentages. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations showed that the PS fibers have rough surfaces and very complex microstructures. Prior to their incorporation into the mortar, the fibers were subjected to different treatments to reduce their hydrophilic character. The employed treatments showed good efficiency in reducing the water absorption of both PS and HF fiber types. Furthermore, the mortar mixtures incorporating these fibers exhibited low thermal conductivity and excellent moisture buffering capacity. Indeed, the moisture buffer value (MBV) of the investigated mixtures ranged between 2.7 [g/(%HR·m2)] and 3.1 [g/(%HR·m2)], hence providing them excellent moisture regulator character. As expected, the fiber mortar mixtures showed very high porosity and low compressive strength ranging between 0.6 and 0.9 MPa after 28 days of age. The low-environmental footprint materials developed in this study are intended for thermal insulation and building filling.
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Wall, David A. "Fluazifop-P Tank-Mixtures with Clethodim for Annual Grass Control in Flax (Linum usitatissimum)." Weed Technology 8, no. 4 (December 1994): 673–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00028505.
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Field studies were undertaken in 1992 and 1993 to investigate the control of wild oat and green foxtail in flax with reduced rates of fluazifop-P and clethodim applied as tank-mixtures. Fluazifop-P plus clethodim at 50 + 18 g ai/ha controlled wild oat and green foxtail and was as effective as full rates of either herbicide applied alone. These rates represent a 20% reduction in total amount of active ingredient required to control wild oat and green foxtail. Application of fluazifop-P, and/or clethodim prior to the 3- to 4-leaf stage failed to control late emerging grass weeds. Application of graminicide mixtures at or after the 3- to 4-leaf stage controlled late emerging grass weeds and did not affect flax yield. When applied late, fluazifop-P at 175 g/ha tended to reduce flax yield, although weed control was acceptable and no foliar injury was observed following treatment. The efficacy of graminicide mixtures was reduced by addition of bromoxynil plus MCPA to the spray mix.
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Harre, Nick T., Julie M. Young, and Bryan G. Young. "Glyphosate-Induced Antagonism in Rapid Response Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida)." Weed Technology 32, no. 1 (November 17, 2017): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2017.92.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractGlyphosate application to the rapid-response (RR) biotype of glyphosate-resistant (GR) giant ragweed ensues in loss of foliage via rapid tissue death, thereby reducing glyphosate translocation. Experiments were performed to determine if this GR response, in contrast to a non-rapid response (NRR) GR biotype, results in antagonism of the selective herbicides atrazine, cloransulam, dicamba, lactofen, and topramezone. Application of glyphosate at 1,680 g ae ha–1in the greenhouse resulted in antagonism between all five selective herbicides for the RR biotype, whereas glyphosate applied at 420 g ha–1was antagonistic only for cloransulam. Application of selective herbicides 2 d prior to glyphosate treatment avoided the antagonism observed in the RR biotype. In the field, glyphosate mixtures with dicamba and topramezone were antagonistic on the RR biotype across both 2015 and 2016 field seasons. Thus, the RR effectively reduces glyphosate efficacy but also has potential to diminish the activity of glyphosate mixtures with selective herbicides, and the degree of antagonism between these mixtures escalates at increasing glyphosate rates.
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Harris, D. M. "Pre-incubation of microbes for use in the Pressure Transducer Technique (PTT) of feed evaluation - effect of basal feed composition." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1996 (March 1996): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200594125.
Full textAbstract:
The use of the Pressure Transducer Technique (PTT) to evaluate feed degradation as described by Theodorou et al (1994) recognises the presence of a lag phase (1-2h) after introducing the microbial innocula to the feed under investigation. Previous work has shown that this can be reduced by incubating the microbes with a basal feed for 24h prior to the addition of a test feed. This work considered the effect of the composition of this basal feed.Four basal mixtures, Grass silage/conc(G), Hay/cone (H), Maize silage/conc: (M), Whole crop wheat/caustic wheat/cone (W) were prepared plus two mixtures based on purified nutrients to give high Starch (St) and high Cellulose (Ce) contents. 20ml strained, homogenised bovine rumen liquor was added to bottles containing 180ml of media and 1.5g DM of each basal mixture. After 24h of vented incubation at 39°C 1g DM of test feed, (either barley grain or straw both milled to 1 mm) was added and gas production measured at decreasing frequencies over the next 72h. Cumulative gas production at 72h were calculated (Table 1).
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Harris, D. M. "Pre-incubation of microbes for use in the Pressure Transducer Technique (PTT) of feed evaluation - effect of basal feed composition." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1996 (March 1996): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600031834.
Full textAbstract:
The use of the Pressure Transducer Technique (PTT) to evaluate feed degradation as described by Theodorou et al (1994) recognises the presence of a lag phase (1-2h) after introducing the microbial innocula to the feed under investigation. Previous work has shown that this can be reduced by incubating the microbes with a basal feed for 24h prior to the addition of a test feed. This work considered the effect of the composition of this basal feed.Four basal mixtures, Grass silage/conc(G), Hay/cone (H), Maize silage/conc: (M), Whole crop wheat/caustic wheat/cone (W) were prepared plus two mixtures based on purified nutrients to give high Starch (St) and high Cellulose (Ce) contents. 20ml strained, homogenised bovine rumen liquor was added to bottles containing 180ml of media and 1.5g DM of each basal mixture. After 24h of vented incubation at 39°C 1g DM of test feed, (either barley grain or straw both milled to 1 mm) was added and gas production measured at decreasing frequencies over the next 72h. Cumulative gas production at 72h were calculated (Table 1).
10
Orr, R. J., and T. T. Treacher. "Effects of ratio of white clover to grass in silage and concentrate supplementation on intake and performance of ewes in late pregnancy." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1987 (March 1987): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030822960003511x.
Full textAbstract:
Widespread adoption of sheep systems based on mixed swards of white clover and grass may result in conservation cuts with a high proportion of clover, which will affect the intake of the silage or hay. The effect of proportion of clover in silage on voluntary intake was measured by offering mixtures of clover and grass silage with clover proportions of 0, 0.20, 0.40 and 0.60 with (S) and without (U) a ration of 600 g fresh weight per day of a barley, soya and fishmeal concentrate to 78 Finn Dorset ewes. The concentrate was formulated to have a crude protein content (CP) of 160 g per kg DM with 30 g per kg DM derived from fishmeal. The silages were made separately in 1984, with formic acid added at approximately 3.51 per tonne, from uninterrupted spring growths of perennial ryegass (Loliua perenre cv. Melle) cut on 16 June and white clover (Trifolium repens cv. Blanca) cut on 17 July and both were chopped. Mixtures of the two silages were made for each individual ewe separately each day, immediately prior to feeding.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mixtures of g-prior"
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POLYMEROPOULOS, ALESSIO. "Objective Variable Selection in Multinomial Logistic Regression: a Conditional Latent Approach." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/271146.
Full textAbstract:
Mixtures of g-priors are well established in linear regression models by \cite{Liang2008} and generalized linear models by \cite{Bove2011} and \cite{Li2013} for variable selection. This approach enables us to overcome the problem of specifying the dispersion parameter by imposing a hyper-prior on it. By this way we allow for our model to "learn" about the shrinkage from the data. In this work, we implement Bayesian variable selection methods based on g-priors and their mixtures in multinomial logistic regression models. More precisely, we follow two approaches: (a) the traditional implementation by extending the approach of \cite{Bove2011} for multinomial models, and (b) an augmented implementation of \cite{Polson2013} based on latent structure. We will study and compare the two approaches. Furthermore, we will focus on handling class imbalance and sparsity issues appearing when the number of covariates is large and the need of specifying different covariate selection across different pairwise logit structures. All proposed methods will be presented in simulation and real datasets.Mixtures of g-priors are well established in linear regression models by \cite{Liang2008} and generalized linear models by \cite{Bove2011} and \cite{Li2013} for variable selection. This approach enables us to overcome the problem of specifying the dispersion parameter by imposing a hyper-prior on it. By this way we allow for our model to "learn" about the shrinkage from the data. In this work, we implement Bayesian variable selection methods based on g-priors and their mixtures in multinomial logistic regression models. More precisely, we follow two approaches: (a) the traditional implementation by extending the approach of \cite{Bove2011} for multinomial models, and (b) an augmented implementation of \cite{Polson2013} based on latent structure. We will study and compare the two approaches. Furthermore, we will focus on handling class imbalance and sparsity issues appearing when the number of covariates is large and the need of specifying different covariate selection across different pairwise logit structures. All proposed methods will be presented in simulation and real datasets.
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Som, Agniva. "Paradoxes and Priors in Bayesian Regression." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406197897.
Full textBooks on the topic "Mixtures of g-prior"
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Ley, Eduardo, and Mark F. J. Steel. Mixtures of g-Priors for Bayesian Model Averaging with Economic Application. The World Bank, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-5732.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Mixtures of g-prior"
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Liu, Liping, and Jing He. "Prediction of Radiative Transport in Nonhomogeneous Combustion Gas Mixtures With a Wide Band G(K) Model." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63987.
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A wide band cumulative absorption coefficient distribution, g(k), model is adopted to predict radiative transport in combustion gas mixtures. Prior research has demonstrated similar accuracy of the model to the statistical narrow-band model and superiority to the exponential wideband model under isothermal and homogeneous conditions. This study aims to assess its usefulness in nonhomogeneous media. Sample calculations are performed in a 1D planar slab containing H2O/CO2 mixtures. The six-flux discrete ordinate method (S6-DOM) is employed to solve the radiative transfer equation (RTE), followed by an eight-point Gaussian quadrature of moments with zeroth-order fit. Predictions on the radiative source distribution along the slab and the net radiative flux at the walls are compared to the benchmark line-by-line calculation (LBL) and the statistical narrow-band correlated-k distribution model using the 7-point Gauss-Lobatto quadrature scheme (SNBCK-7). The differences between the g(k) model and LBL are below 5% for a large domain of the layer, with a CPU reduction by a factor of over 30 compared to SNBCK-7 and on the order of 104∼105 compared to LBL. The wide band g(k) model shows significant promise as an accurate and efficient tool to predict radiative transfer in nonhomogenerous media for combustion and fire simulations.
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Xu, Chao, Muhsin Ameen, Pinaki Pal, and Sibendu Som. "Direct Numerical Simulation of Partial Fuel Stratification Assisted Lean Premixed Combustion for Assessment of Hybrid G-Equation/Well-Stirred Reactor Model." In ASME 2021 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2021-67835.
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Abstract Partial fuel stratification (PFS) is a promising fuel injection strategy to stabilize lean premixed combustion in spark-ignition (SI) engines. PFS creates a locally stratified mixture by injecting a fraction of the fuel, just before spark timing, into the engine cylinder containing homogeneous lean fuel/air mixture. This locally stratified mixture, when ignited, results in complex flame structure and propagation modes similar to partially premixed flames, and allows for faster and more stable flame propagation than a homogeneous lean mixture. This study focuses on understanding the detailed flame structures associated with PFS-assisted lean premixed combustion. First, a two-dimensional direct numerical simulation (DNS) is performed using detailed fuel chemistry, experimental pressure trace, and realistic initial conditions mapped from a prior engine large-eddy simulation (LES), replicating practical lean SI operating conditions. DNS results suggest that conventional triple flame structures are prevalent during the initial stage of flame kernel growth. Both premixed and non-premixed combustion modes are present with the premixed mode contributing dominantly to the total heat release. Detailed analysis reveals the effects of flame stretch and fuel pyrolysis on the flame displacement speed. Based on the DNS findings, the accuracy of a hybrid G-equation/well-stirred reactor (WSR) combustion model is assessed for PFS-assisted lean operation in the LES context. The G-equation model qualitatively captures the premixed branches of the triple flame, while the WSR model predicts the non-premixed branch of the triple flame. Finally, potential needs for improvements to the hybrid G-equation/WSR modeling approach are discussed.
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Hata, Haruhi, Kaoru Yokoyama, and Noritake Sugitsue. "Systematic Chemical Decontamination Using IF7 Gas." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59036.
Full textAbstract:
Since 1979, Uranium enrichment technology has been researched through the gas centrifuge method, at Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center of Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). In addition, the Demonstration Plant, that is final stage test facilities, was operating continuously from 1988 to 2001. As a result, a lot of residues accumulated in the plant. Most of this accumulation was found be uranium intermediate fluoride. The basic decommission policy of JAEA is that equipments of gas centrifuge will be decontaminated by sulfuric acid immersion method for clearance and reuse. In our plan, approximately 90% of metals will be cleared and reused, and then the remaining 10% will be disposed of radioactive waste. We propose a combination of sulfuric acid immersion method and the systematic chemical decontamination as an efficient method for decontamination of uranium enrichment facilities. This paper focuses on the method and performance of systematic chemical decontamination using IF7 gas. The following (Figure 1) shows our decommission policy and position of systematic chemical decontamination by IF7 gas for uranium enrichment plant. The IF7 treatment technique belongs to the systematic decontamination technology. It has the high performance decontamination technique for the plant that accumulates the uranium intermediate fluoride, such as UF4, UF5, U2F9, and U4F17, which exist in the uranium enrichment plant through the Gas Centrifuge, called GCF. The one of characteristics of the IF7 treatment, the secondary waste is just an IF5 and little residues. In addition, this IF5 can be reused as materials for making new IF7 gas. The IF7 treatment can also be performed in the room temperature and very low pressure like a 10–45hPa. Furthermore, the IF7 treatment is a simple method using chemical reaction. For this reason, we hardly need to care about secondary reaction with the exception of the reaction with IF7 gas and the uranium intermediate fluoride. This is a very important feature when applying to a large-scale plant. In order to carry out the IF7 treatment, we only set up a few equipments in GCF uranium enrichment plant, which were IF7 feeding equipment and two circulating pumps. IF7 gas cylinders are seated in IF7 feeding equipment. This is the only equipment. Figure 2 shows the IF7 treatment system. We carried out the IF7 treatment for the four cascades in the uranium enrichment Demonstration Plant. The weights of uranium residue in the cascades were approximately 700kgU per cascade prior to the IF7 treatment. In the IF7 treatment, we were able to find the near-optimal processing condition. As a result, we could confirm the IF7 treatment period for one cascade which was 60 days. The main factor to determine the IF7 treatment period is the pressure and the flow rate of reaction product gas (UF6 and IF5 mixture gas) exhausted from the cascade. Although we carried out the IF7 treatment with the maximum value of the flow rate, which our facility has, it is possible to further shorten the IF7 treatment period by setting a higher gas flow rate. Moreover, after the IF7 treatment, we evaluated the uranium recovery rate for cascades and the residues’ uranium weight in the main equipment of GCF. In addition, in the evaluation of the uranium recovery rate, we enable to confirm the uranium recovery rate of all cascades achieved more tan 98%. Furthermore, the average of uranium recovery rate more than 99% in the cascade that has been processed at the end. As a result, radioactive concentration of uranium in the main parts of the GCF fell to 1.0B q/g and below.