Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mixing States'
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Hazelton, William Donald. "Configuration mixing of quark states in nucleons and other baryons in the MIT bag model /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9770.
Full textShepard, Katherine Elizabeth. "King mackerel population dynamics and stock mixing in the United States Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico." [Pensacola, Fla.] : University of West Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/WFE0000143.
Full textCubides, Victor Andres Vargas. "Sobre existência de estados de equilíbrio e limite em temperatura zero para shifts de Markov topologicamente mixing." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45131/tde-25112016-214355/.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to prove that for a topologically transitive Markov subshift with countable alphabet and a summable potential ƒ with finite topological pressure Gurevic and bounded variation (ƒ) < ∞, there exists an equilibrium state µtƒ tf for each t > 1 and the family of equilibrium states (µtƒ)t>1 associated to each potential tf has an accumulation point at t > ∞. Moreover if we also assume that ƒ is a Markov potential we prove that the equilibrium states family (µtƒ)t>1 converges when t > ∞. Finally we prove the continuity at ∞ of the entropy with respect to the parameter t. These results do not depend on assuming the existence of Gibbs measures.
Kawaguchi, Genta. "Systematic Control of the Electronic States in Halogen-Bonded π-d Hybrid Molecular Conductors with Employing Anion Mixing, High Pressure, and Strong Magnetic Field." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/216168.
Full textElston, Susan Anne. "Secondary Circulation in a Sinuous Coastal Plain Estuary." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-05042005-143327/.
Full textDr. Curry, Judith, Committee Co-Chair ; Dr. Blanton, Jackson - Committee Chair, Committee Chair ; Dr. Cunnold, Derek, Committee Member ; Dr. Seim, Harvey, Committee Member ; Dr. Webster, Donald, Committee Member ; Dr. Webster, Peter, Committee Member ; Dr. Wong, Kuo, Committee Member.
Peacock, A. T. "Ion beam mixing of thin films on aluminium." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372540.
Full textBarrett, Graham Robert. "Temporal solutions of the four wave mixing interaction in photorefractives." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244196.
Full textHarack, Benjamin. "Energy level mixing and hyperfine effects in double vertical quantum dots." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114576.
Full textEn s'appuyant sur des mesures de transport effectuées sur deux dispositifs qui incluent des boîtes quantiques doubles verticales, nous modélisons et analysons les données pour étudier le mélange des niveaux d'énergie intra-boîte et les oscillations du courant de longue période. Bien que les spectres expérimentaux à une particule soient en général bien décrits par les spectres des potentiels de confinement harmoniques elliptiques, l'observation d'anticroisements des niveaux dans les spectres à une particule indique que les potentiels réels des boîtes ne sont pas parfaitement harmoniques elliptiques. Nous avons réussi à modéliser avec succès le phénomène de croisement des niveaux, ainsi que le spectre dans son ensemble, en ajoutant de petits défauts au potentiel de confinement harmonique elliptique idéal. En comparant les spectres résultant aux données expérimentales et en ne retenant que les défauts qui améliorent la concordance avec ces données, nous avons developpé itérativement un potentiel qui donne lieu à un spectre s'accordant très bien avec l'expérience. Nous étudions une caractéristique du courant tunnel qui est hystérétique lors d'un balayage du champ magnétique et qui montre des oscillations temporelles du courant quasi-périodiques et de longue durée de vie. Les précédentes observations de semblables oscillations du courant ont été limitées au régime de blocage de spin à basse tension, tandis que celles-ci sont observées à tension élevée (-12 mV) et à large champ magnétique (~ 4 T). Nous appliquons des techniques de traitement de signal telles que l'autocorrélation et l'analyse du spectre de puissance pour quantifier le comportement oscillatoire des mesures de courant, révélant une forte périodicité centrale de ~ 100-150 s des oscillations et un maximum de la densité spectrale de puissance qui est près de quatre ordres de grandeur supérieur au bruit de fond intrinsèque. En outre, nous quantifions un certain nombre d'autres aspects de cette fonction oscillante, y compris la transition des observations du courant de l'etat `haut' vers l'état `bas' lorsqu'un champ magnétique est balayé à travers la caractéristique. Bien qu'un modèle expliquant l'origine de ces phénomènes ne soit pas encore disponible, ils sont postulés être le résultat d'interactions hyperfine.
Bergman, Niclas. "Aspects of probabalistic serviceability limit state design of dry deep mixing." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Jord- och bergmekanik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-168596.
Full textQC 20150605
Thomas, Timothy William. "Assessment of the mixing state and cloud nucleating efficiency of Asian aerosols using aircraft-based measurements of hygroscopicity." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3980.
Full textAl-Omar, Reem S. "Cancer incidence in young people in Saudi Arabia : relation to socioeconomic status and population mixing." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8948/.
Full textVettese, Carlo Ettore. "The effects of multi-quantum well inter-mixing on long-wavelength opto-electronic structures and devices." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387226.
Full textManathunga, Madushanka. "Impact of Electronic State Mixing on the Photoisomerization Timescale of Natural and Synthetic Molecular Systems." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1541548724939953.
Full textPratt, Kerri Anne. "New insights into single-particle mixing state using aircraft aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3372559.
Full textTitle from first page of PDF file (viewed Oct. 7, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
Lin, Xiaodan, and 林曉丹. "Morphology and structure development of a PET/PP blend in extrusion, solid-state drawing and annealing." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31240598.
Full textSylvia, Stephen F. "Effects of physiological state, temperature, water, and extended mixing on low-fat, high-added water frankfurters." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09042008-063636/.
Full textMishchenko, Yuriy. "Applications of canonical transformations and nontrivial vacuum solutions to flavor mixing and critical phenomena in quantum field theory." NCSU, 2004. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-10312004-202935/.
Full textRogalski, Joachim. "Föredras ljudbilden från Neve eller Solid State Logic? : Lyssnarpreferenser av emulering vid mixning." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för elektronikkonstruktion, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-41706.
Full textKölle, Andreas [Verfasser]. "Coherent Phenomena in Four-Wave Mixing via a Rydberg State in Thermal Vapor of Rubidium / Andreas Kölle." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2015. http://d-nb.info/106770809X/34.
Full textNamboodiri, Vinu V. [Verfasser]. "Femtosecond Time-Resolved Four-Wave Mixing Applied to the Investigation of Excited State Dynamics / Vinu V. Namboodiri." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1035033917/34.
Full textHerwig, Falk. "Evolution of late stages of intermediate mass stars : mixing processes and their consequences for stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis /." Aachen : Shaker, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37322724p.
Full textBoeri, Marco. "Advances in stated preference methods : discrete and continuous mixing distributions in logit models for representing variance and taste heterogeneity." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.554305.
Full textSchliesser, Jacob M. "Development and Application of New Solid-State Models for Low-Energy Vibrations, Lattice Defects, Entropies of Mixing, and Magnetic Properties." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5841.
Full textBanerjee, Chitram. "Experimental and Theoretical Study of Two Non-linear Processes Induced by Ultra-narrow Resonances in Atoms." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS139/document.
Full textIn this PhD work, two distinct phenomena are considered, which are both related to non-linear interactions between light and atoms. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to four wave mixing based on the internal degrees of freedom of room temperature helium atoms and uses it for amplification processes and generation of squeezed light. The second studied process is based on external degrees of freedom of cold cesium atoms and used for light storage and phase conjugate field generation through multi-wave mixing. I experimentally observed and characterized phase sensitive amplification via four-wave mixing in metastable helium at room temperature. I have obtained about 9 dB of maximum gain with a bandwidth of about 300 kHz. The obtained phase transfer functions showed a strong phase squeezing, indicating that the phenomenon was almost free of unwanted processes. In the second part, I explain how recoil induced resonances, which are due to the transfer of momentum between a photon and an atom, can be used to store light. I also explain how this phenomenon can lead to generation of a phase conjugate field, and why the existing theory fails to model the dip, which appears in the phase conjugate generation spectrum when the field power is increased. I extend the model to the fifth order so that it can reproduce this new feature and demonstrate that it depends on the decay rate of the coherence, which is excited between atomic levels of different momenta. I then show that a simpler model, which is based on three levels defined by internal and external degrees of freedom of the atom, can explain the observed phenomenon
Yates, James William. "Mixing Staged Data Flow and Stream Computing Techniques in Modern Telemetry Data Acquisition/Processing Architectures." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608707.
Full textToday’s flight test processing systems must handle many more complex data formats than just the PCM and analog FM data streams of yesterday. Many flight test programs, and their respective test facilities, are looking to leverage their computing assets across multiple customers and programs. Typically, these complex programs require the ability to handle video, packet, and avionics bus data in real time, in addition to handling the more traditional PCM format. Current and future telemetry processing systems must have an architecture that will support the acquisition and processing of these varied data streams. This paper describes various architectural designs of both staged data flow and stream computing architectures, including current and future implementations. Processor types, bus design, and the effects of varying data types, including PCM, video, and packet telemetry, will be discussed.
Siepka, Damian. "Development of multidimensional spectral data processing procedures for analysis of composition and mixing state of aerosol particles by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10188/document.
Full textSufficiently adjusted, multivariate data processing methods and procedures can significantly improve the process for obtaining knowledge of a sample composition. Spectroscopic techniques have capabilities for fast analysis of various samples and were developed for research and industrial purposes. It creates a great possibility for advanced molecular analysis of complex samples, such as atmospheric aerosols. Airborne particles affect air quality, human health, ecosystem condition and play an important role in the Earth’s climate system. The purpose of this thesis is twofold. On an analytical level, the functional algorithm for evaluation of quantitative composition of atmospheric particles from measurements of individual particles by Raman microspectrocopy (RMS) was established. On a constructive level, the readily accessible analytical system for Raman and FTIR data processing was developed. A potential of a single particle analysis by RMS has been exploited by an application of the designed analytical algorithm based on a combination between a multicurve resolution and a multivariate data treatment for an efficient description of chemical mixing of aerosol particles. The algorithm was applied to the particles collected in a copper mine in Bolivia and provides a new way of a sample description. The new user-friendly software, which includes pre-treatment algorithms and several easy-to access, common multivariate data treatments, is equipped with a graphical interface. The created software was applied to some challenging aspects of a pattern recognition in the scope of Raman and FTIR spectroscopy for coal mine particles, biogenic particles and organic pigments
Wilson, Raymond Gary. "A Numerical Analysis of the Influence of Korteweg Stresses on the Flow and Mixing of Miscible Fluids." Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1081283678.
Full textTitle from PDF (viewed on 01 October 2009) Department of Mechanical Engineering Includes abstract Includes bibliographical references Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center
Unga, Florin. "Investigation of atmospheric aerosol mixing state effect on measured and retrieved optical characteristics : an approach integrating individual particle analysis, remote sensing and numerical simulations." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10023/document.
Full textTropospheric aerosols play an important role in atmospheric chemistry, Earth’s radiative budget and climate. After their generation, aerosol can suffer ageing processes and altering their physicochemical properties. An accurate accounting for these processes requires observations of the aerosol properties on different temporal and spatial scales. The current thesis work is dedicated to: (i) study of physicochemical properties and mixing state of individual particles by means of analytical scanning and transmission electron microscopy for aerosols collected during episodes of elevated aerosol loading; (ii) analysis of the effect of microphysical properties on optical characteristics as measured and retrieved by remote sensing; and (iii) investigation of possible parameterization of aerosol composition and structure in remote sensing algorithms. The work presents observations conducted in northern France and western Africa (Senegal) as part of Labex CaPPA project and SHADOW field campaigns. It includes simultaneous analyses of collected individual particles composition and structure, remote sensing and in situ observations of urban/industrial, Saharan dust and biomass burning particles near the surface and on different altitudes. A series of numerical simulation devoted to an analysis of sensitivity of remote sensing observations to aerosol mixing state is conducted. Insights on possible parameterization of aerosol core-shell structure in retrieval algorithms are finally presented
Meddour, Athmane. "Structure electronique d'alliages metalliques amorphes et quasicristallins : systemes binaires pdy et almn." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066696.
Full textMoore, Richard Herbert. "Using measurements of CCN activity to characterize the mixing state, chemical composition, and droplet growth kinetics of atmospheric aerosols to constrain the aerosol indirect effect." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45945.
Full textStaudt, Paula Bettio. "Nova equação cúbica de estado para a predição do equilíbrio líquido-vapor de misturas complexas envolvendo polímeros e óleos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/30140.
Full textIn this work a new cubic equation of state (CEOS) is proposed based on the temperaturepressure superposition principle. Called here as PR-S, it has a generic CEOS form with the Peng-Robinson parameters. A temperature-dependent attractive term a(T) is developed along with a new covolume expression, allowing an easy calculation of thermodynamic properties and vapor-liquid equilibrium. Firstly, the new equation was applied to pure polymer and polymer solutions and its results were compared with those of other equations of state and with experimental data. The PR-S equation was also applied to predict the vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) of biodiesel related systems and vegetable oils with supercritical solvent mixtures. The results of VLE predictions for polymer and biodiesel systems showed good agreement with experimental data as well as the pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) behavior of pure polymer liquids, attesting the appropriate form of the new equation proposed. For the vegetable oil systems the initial study showed some difficulties raised from the poor caracterization of oils as pseudocomponents. Despite this fact the first outcome was satisfying once there is no work in literature using predictive tools for these kind of mixtures with success.
Fraund, Matthew. "Developing X-ray Spectromicroscopic Techniques to Quantitatively Determine Population Statistics and Individual Particle Composition of Complex Mixed Aerosols." Scholarly Commons, 2019. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/3622.
Full textAnderson, Sheri L. "Status & solidarity through codeswitching: three plays by Dolores Prida." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/536.
Full textHultin, Kim. "Primary Marine Aerosol Production : Studies using bubble-bursting experiments." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad miljövetenskap (ITM), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-43544.
Full textAt the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: In press. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.
Cross, Eben Spencer. "Sources and transformations of atmospheric aerosol particles." Thesis, Boston College, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/971.
Full textAerosol particles are an important component of the Earth-Atmosphere system because of their influence on the radiation budget both directly (through absorption and scattering) and indirectly (through cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity). The magnitude of the raditaive forcing attributed to the direct and indirect aerosol effects is highly uncertain, leading to large uncertainties in projections of global climate change. Real-time measurements of aerosol properties are a critical step toward constraining the uncertainties in current global climate modeling and understanding the influence that anthropogenic activities have on the climate. The objective of the work presented in this thesis is to gain a more complete understanding of the atmospheric transformations of aerosol particles and how such transformations influence the direct and indirect radiative effects of the particles. The work focuses on real-time measurements of aerosol particles made with the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) developed in collaboration with the Boston College research group. A key feature of the work described is the development of a lightscattering module for the AMS. Here we present the first results obtained with the integrated light scattering – AMS system. The unique and powerful capabilities of this new instrument combination are demonstrated through laboratory experiments and field deployments. Results from two field studies are presented: (1) The Northeast Air Quality Study (NEAQS), in the summer of 2004, conducted at Chebogue Point, Nova Scotia and (2) The Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations (MILAGRO) field campaign conducted in and around Mexico City, Mexico in March of 2006. Both field studies were designed to study the transformations that occur within pollution plumes as they are transported throughout the atmosphere. During the NEAQS campaign, the pollution plume from the Northeastern United States was intercepted as it was transported towards Europe. In this study, particles were highly processed prior to sampling, with residence times of a few days in the atmosphere. The MILAGRO campaign focused on the evolution of the Mexico City plume as it was transported north. During this study, regional and locally emitted particles were measured with residence times varying from minutes to days in the atmosphere. In both studies, the light scattering – AMS system provided detailed information about the density and composition of single particles, leading to important insights into how atmospheric processing transforms the particle properties. In Mexico City, the light scattering-AMS system was used for the first time as a true single particle mass spectrometer and revealed specific details about the atmospheric processing of primary particles from combustion sources.To quantify the radiative effects of the particles on climate, the processing and ultimate fate of primary emissions (often containing black carbon or soot) must be understood. To provide a solid basis for the interpretation of the data obtained during the field studies, experiments were conducted with a well characterized soot generation-sampling system developed by the Boston College research group. The laboratory soot source was combined with the light scattering – AMS system and a Cloud Condensation Nuclei Counter (CCNC) to measure the change in cloud-forming activity of soot particles as they are processed in the atmosphere. Because of the importance of black carbon in the atmosphere, several instruments have been developed to measure black carbon. In July of 2008, an intercomparison study of 18 instruments was conducted in the Boston College laboratory, with soot particles produced and processed to mimic a wide range of atmospherically-relevant conditions. Transformations in the physical, chemical, and optical properties of soot particles were monitored with the combined suite of aerosol instrumentation. Results from the intercomparison study not only calibrated the different instruments used in the study, but also provided critical details about how atmospheric processing influences the radiative effects of primary combustion particles
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2008
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Chemistry
Eyi-Minko, Frédéric. "Propriétés des processus max-stables : théorèmes limites, lois conditionnelles et mélange fort." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2282/document.
Full textThe theme of this thesis is spatial extreme value theory and we focus on continuous max-stable processes. We begin with the convergence of the maximum of independent stochastic processes, by using the convergence of empirical measures to Poisson point processes. After that, we determine the regular conditional distributions of max infinitely divisible (max-i.d) processes. The representation of max-i.d. processes by Poisson point processes allows us to introduce the notions of extremal functions and hitting scenario. Our result relies on these new notions. Max-stable processes are max-i.d. processes, so we give an algorithm for conditional sampling and give an application to extreme precipitations around Zurich and extreme temperatures in Switzerland. We also find a upper bound for the β-mixing coefficient between the restrictions of a max-i.d. process on two disjoint closed subsets of a locally compact metric space. This entails a central limit theorem for stationary max-i.d processes. Finally, we prove that the class of stationary maxstable processes with the Markov property is equal, up to time reversal, to the class of stationary max-autoregressive processes of order 1
Plée, Vincent. "Prédiction du comportement de phases et des enthalpies de mélange de gaz naturels atypiques contenant de l'argon, du monoxyde de carbone et de l'hélium." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0186/document.
Full textThe development of the predictive E-PPR78 model, based on a contribution group method, has been undertaken since ten years to predict accurately the behaviour of multi-component systems. This model lies on the Peng-Robinson equation of state with classical Van der Waals mixing rules. It uses a unique binary interaction parameter, kij, which is temperature dependant. To enable the E-PPR78 model to predict the behavior of natural gases, three new groups are added: carbon monoxide, helium and argon. It was necessary to build an experimental database, as exhaustive as possible, containing phase equilibrium and enthalpies of mixing data for binary systems formed by these groups and those defined in previous studies and present in natural gases. After a description of the classification scheme of Van Konynenburg and Scott, the E-PPR78 model is described. The third part is about the addition of the three new groups to the model. It clearly appears that the E-PPR78 model is able to predict the fluid-phase behavior of natural gases over wide ranges of temperatures and pressures
Thurlow, Meghan Elizabeth. "Free Radicals and Reactive Intermediates in the Boundary Layer: Development and Deployment of Solid-State Laser Based Instrumentation to Measure Part per Trillion Mixing Ratios of Iodine Monoxide and Glyoxal In Situ." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10668.
Full textChemistry and Chemical Biology
Pérez, Herrero Pedro. "La pervivencia de las estructuras de poder del pasado y los retos para el perfeccionamiento del Estado de derecho en América Latina a comienzos del siglo XXI." Economía, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118229.
Full textEl ensayo explica por qué y cómo las sociedades latinoamericanas aceptaron, entre 1930–1980, las diferentes variantes de los regímenes populistas; por qué estos sistemas políticos se perpetuaron durante tanto tiempo; qué mecanismos se emplearon para gestionar el orden interno; por qué y cómo llegaron a su derrumbamiento en la década de 1980; por qué a comienzos del siglo XXI han vuelto a hacerse presentes ciertas formas populistas-demagógicas en el panorama político latinoamericano; por qué el Estado en América Latina alcanzó cotas tan bajas de institucionalidad a mediados del siglo XX; por qué el discurso del mestizaje se convirtió en un elemento central capaz de aglutinar el complejo magma generado por la eterogeneidad estructural; y por qué los viejos nacionalismos están dando paso a comienzos del siglo XXI a nuevas formas y discursos alternativos de la identidad.
Ricky, Ricky. "Uppskalning av en svampkaka : process från avfallsbröd med en ätlig svamp." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-23882.
Full textArce-Castillo, Pedro Felipe. "Modelagem do equilibrio de fases em misturas de dioxido de carbono supercritico e compostos presentes em produtos naturais." [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/267410.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica
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Resumo: A modelagem e simulação de processos de extração supercrítica requer uma boa predição das condições do equilíbrio entre fases, condições que determinam a maior concentração do líquido ou sólido (soluto) a ser extraído pelo fluido supercrítico (solvente). O problema principal na modelagem dos sistemas que se encontram em processos de extração supercrítica é a grande diferença de tamanho (peso molecular) entre as substâncias envolvidas (soluto e fluido supercrítico) e a baixa concentração do soluto no fluido supercrítico. Atualmente, as regras de mistura em uso não consideram de forma adequada o problema da grande assimetria; portanto, não permitem uma boa predição do equilíbrio entre fases. É proposta uma regra de mistura (Regra Não Quadrática Generalizada) baseada nas regras de mistura clássicas de van der Waals, com modificações nos parâmetros de interação, tanto na constante de energia quanto na de volume. Um parâmetro de interação binário, dependente da concentração, é usado para estimar a constante de energia; outro parâmetro de interação binário, independente da concentração e com um efeito diferenciado sobre o componente mais pesado quando comparado ao fluido supercrítico, é usado para estimar a constante de volume. Este novo arranjo considera como casos particulares os modelos conhecidos de Panagiotopoulos-Reid e Adachi-Sugie, entre outros. A forma não quadrática generalizada proposta tem todas as boas características desses modelos, permitindo maior flexibilidade na correlação dos dados experimentais. Usou-se outra regra de mistura, Regra de Kurihara-Tochigi-Kojima, a qual está baseada na parte residual da energia livre excedente à pressão infinita, atuando diretamente sobre a constante de energia da equação de estado. Os resultados obtidos com as duas regras de misturas citadas anteriormente são comparados com os resultados obtidos da regra modificada de W ong-Sandler e da regra convencional de van der Waals. As regras de mistura descritas anteriormente, junto com as equações cúbicas de estado de Soave-Redlich-Kwong, Peng-Robinson e a equação cúbica de estado generalizada de Patel-Teja-Valderrama, são usadas para descrever o equilíbrio líquidovapor e sólido-vapor em misturas assimétricas binárias (CO2 supercritico + um componente pesado ou produto natural). Neste trabalho foram estimados os parâmetros de interação binários tanto para a modelagem do equilíbrio líquido-vapor dos sistemas binários: CO2 +limoneno, linaloo_ ac. láurico, ac. palmítico, ac. oléico, ac. linoleico, 2-metil-pentanol, 1octanol, l-decanol e a.-pineno, quanto para a modelagem do equilíbrio sólido-vapor dos sistemas binários: CO2 + naftaleno, 2,3-dimetilnaftaleno, 2,6-dimetilnaftaleno, fenantreno,antraceno, p-colesterol, cafeína, p-caroteno e capsaicina. A predição dos parâmetros de interação binários realiza-se usando um método modificado de Marquardt com uma função objetivo que contém a pressão de saturação e a concentração na fase gás para o equilíbrio líquido-vapor e apenas a concentração na fase gás para o equilíbrio sólido-vapor. As sub-rotinas computacionais foram escritas considerando a possibilidade de múltiplas soluções e conseqüentemente, a busca dos parâmetros ótimos realiza-se sob um amplio intervalo de soluções possíveis. Os resultados (desvios na pressão e na fração molar na fase vapor para o ELV e apenas os desvios na fração molar na fase vapor para o ESV) indicam que as regras de mistura NQG e WS modificada permitem predizer melhor o comportamento dos sistemas binários estudados. A influencia das EDEs para uma mesma regra de mistura não é apreciável
Abstract: Modeling and simulation of supercritical extraction processes request a good prediction of conditions of phase equilibrium, conditions that determine the higher concentration of liquid or solid (solute) to be extracted by supercritical fluid (solvent). The main problem in modeling of systems found in supercritica1 extraction processes is the great size difference (molecular weights) between involved substances (solute and supercritical fluid) and low concentration of solute in supercritical fluid. Now, mixing roles in use don't consider of appropriate way the problem of great asymmetry, therefore don't alIow a good prediction of phase equilibrium. A mixing role is proposed (Generalized Non Quadratic Rule), which is based on c1assic mixing rules of van der Waals, with modifications in the interaction parameters, as much in energy constant as in volume constant. A binary interaction parameter, dependent of concentration, is used to estimate energy constant; another binary interaction parameter, independent of concentration and with a differentiated effect on heavier component when compared with supercritical fluid, is used to estimate volume constant. This new arrangement considers as private cases well-known models of Panagiotopoulos-Reid and Adachi-Sugie among others. This generalized non quadratic form has all good characteristics of those models, allowing larger flexibility in correlating experimental data. Other mixing rule was used, Kurihara-Tochigi-Kojima Rule (based on the residual part of the excess free energy to infinite pressure), acting direct1y on energy constant of the state equation. Results obtained with the two mixing roles previously mentioned are compared with obtained results of modified role of Wong-Sandler and conventional role of van der Waals. The mixing roles described previously, joined with the Soave-Redlieh-Kwong and Peng-Robinson's cubic equations of state and the Patel-Teja-Valderrama generalized cubic equation of state, are used to describe liquid-vapor and solid-vapor equilibrium in asymmetrie binary mixtures (supercritical CO2 + heavy component or natural product). In this work were estimated the binary interaction parameters as much for the modeling of liquid-vapor equilibrium of binary systems: COz + limonene, linalool, lauric acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, 2-methyl-pentanol, l-octanol, l-decanol and a-pinene, as for modeling of solid-vapor equilibrium of the binary systems: CO2 + naphtalene, 2,3dimethylnaphtalene, 2,6-dimethylnaphtalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, B-eholesterol, caffeine, B-carotene and capsaicin. A Marquardt modified method with a objective function (saturation pressure and vapor phase concentration for liquid-vapor equilibrium and on1y vapor phase concentration for solid-vapor equilibrium) was used to predict binary interaction parameters. The computational subroutines were written considering the possibility of multiple solutions and consequently, the search of the optimum parameters was done on a large interval of possible solutions. Results (deviations in pressure and molar fraction in vapor phase for ELV and on1y deviations in fraction molar in phase vapor for ESV) indicate that mixture roles: NQG and modified WS allow to predict better the behavior of studied binary systems. The influence of EDEs for a same mixture role is not appreciable
Mestrado
Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos
Mestre em Engenharia Química
Ibrahim, Mohamed Asim Y. "Co-processing of drugs and co-crystal formers and its effect on pharmaceutical dosage-form performance. Co-crystallization of urea/ 2-methoxybenzamide, caffeine/ malonic acid, caffeine/ oxalic acid and theophylline/ malonic acid systems: Solid-state characterization including imaging, thermal, X-ray and Raman spectroscopic techniques with subsequent evaluation of tableting behaviour." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/12760.
Full textIslamic University of Omdurman and the Ministry of Higher Education in Sudan
Figura, Florent. "Rhéologie d’un nouveau matériau granulaire carboné." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI009.
Full textCarbone Savoie is a French company specialized in the production of carbon and graphite cathodic solutions for the primary aluminum industry. The production of cathodes requires an important know-how because of its complex manufacturing process. The first step of the process consists in mixing the carbonaceous raw materials with a binder. The raw materials (calcined coke and anthracite or graphite) have different size and represent a multimodal carbon aggregate (from tens of microns to a few centimeters). The current binder is liquid at high temperature, has a high carbon yield and is coking but poisonous. The European regulations on chemical products (REACH) identified the pitch binder as “substance of very high concern”. Therefore, that product could become prohibited. Within this context, Carbone Savoie initiated a research project in order to substitute that hazardous material. First of all, the project aims at determining possible compositions for the new binder and to describe their rheological behavior. A first formulation had a Newtonian behavior for high pH values. An additive with a gel point which behavior has been studied was used for a second formulation. The best mixing process was then chosen and its efficiency was tested with this new binder. A third formulation which was a suspension showed a shear-thinning behavior. It appeared to be the best candidate to substitute pitch as a binder for the production of cathode blocks. The second goal of the project was the determination of the mixing conditions with this new binder. The study of the mixing of the carbon aggregate with the binder is based on a tracking of the mixing intensity. Thanks to the plot of the intensity-liquid/solid ratio curve, different states were defined for the system according to the binder content (pendular state, funicular state, capillary state and solid/liquid dispersion state). The capillary state is of a major concern because the paste is extruded in that state. The impact on the process (wetting kinetics, width of the capillary state) of the rheological behavior of the binder has been studied: a high viscosity allows a better tolerance to the variability in the size of the carbon aggregate from a formulation to another and also to the trouble of producing powders with very small particles sizes. Finally, a correlation between these results and the industrial scale has been found. Final properties of cathodes blocks can be linked with the paste quality just after the mixing step thanks to the determination of the paste cohesion with a ring shear tester
Ibrahim, Mohamed Asim Yousif. "Co-processing of drugs and co-crystal formers and its effect on pharmaceutical dosage-form performance : co-crystallization of urea/2-methoxybenzamide, caffeine/malonic acid, caffeine/oxalic acid and theophylline/malonic acid systems : solid-state characterization including imaging, thermal, X-ray and Raman spectroscopic techniques with subsequent evaluation of tableting behaviour." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/12760.
Full textGuilbaud, Sarah. "Etude du vieillissement des aérosols inorganiques industriels en milieu urbain." Thesis, Littoral, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018DUNK0524/document.
Full textDuring their transport in the atmosphere, aerosols are subject, for example, to aggregation and condensation processes on their surfaces. These processes, so-called aging, depend on particle residence time in the atmosphere, meteorological conditions and chemical environment. This study aims to characterize inorganic aerosols and to highlight their physico-chemical evolution on a few tens of thousands meters, from an industrial area to the urban environment of Dunkirk (Northern France), in which PM₁₀ concentrations are quite important. It notably includes reporting on the evolution of primary particles during the formation of secondary inorganic aerosols. First, a new analytical methodology of inorganic aerosols, at low temperature, with cryo-electronic microscopy (cryo-TSEM-EDX) has been developed. Our goal was to characterize the mixing state of secondary atmospheric components (semi-volatile components) with primary aerosols. These analytical developments have been realized with model particles, before validation on real atmospheric particles. In a second time, the study of physico-chemical processes involved in the aging of industrial inorganic aerosols has been undertaken through an intensive field campaign. The objective is to describe the particles evolution between the industrial zone and receptor sites located in the suburb of Dunkirk. Our main results show that Fe-rich particles (Fe oxides), released in the atmosphere by steelworks, incorporate particulate organic matter in a few kilometers, between the source and receptor sites. In addition, the formation of secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA), not present at the source, has been evidenced. Clearly, these SIA have been formed during the transport of air masses over the urban area
Álvarez, Álvarez Víctor Hugo. "Modelagem do equilíbrio liquido-vapor em misturas contendo liquidos ionicos." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266141.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica
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Resumo: Os líquidos iônicos têm recebido considerável interesse devido a seu potencial como solventes projetados, que podem ser adaptados a vários tipos de processos industriais. A razão principal do interesse nos líquidos iônicos como solventes é sua baixa pressão de vapor, a qual minimiza os riscos de exposição e contaminação ambiental. Esta pesquisa visa realizar um estudo completo e sistemático sobre duas regras de mistura utilizando a equação de estado cúbica de Peng-Robinson para correlacionar o equilíbrio líquido-vapor em sistemas contendo líquidos iônicos. O problema principal nesta modelagem é a predição da baixa concentração do líquido iônico na fase vapor.Até o momento são escassas as publicações das propriedades críticas dos líquidos iônicos, motivo pelo qual escolheu-se uma equação com baixa quantidade de parâmetros, como a equação de estado cúbica de Peng-Robinson. Estudou-se o parâmetro dependente da temperatura a(T) e a regra de mistura de van der Waals. Os parâmetros a(T) comparados foram os propostos por Soave (1972) e por Almeida et al. (1991). Nos primeiros testes da modelagem foi utilizada a regra de mistura de van der Waals, mas para melhores resultados utilizou-se a regra de mistura de Wong-Sandler com os modelos UNIQUAC ou NRTL. Desenvolveu-se uma estratégia de modelagem molecular para calcular os parâmetros estruturais de área e volume do modelo UNIQUAC para os líquidos iônicos. Os parâmetros de interação foram calculados independentes da temperatura e concentração. Foram estudadas misturas binárias para descrever o equilíbrio líquido-vapor em altas pressões (CO2 ou CHF3 supercrítico + líquido iônico) e a baixas pressões (hidrocarbonetos + líquidos iônicos). Logo, os parâmetros de interação binária foram utilizados na correlação de sistemas ternários a baixa pressão com a regra de mistura de Wong-Sandler. A estimação dos parâmetros de interação binários foi realizada em um primeiro momento com o método de Levenberg-Marquardt e depois, com melhor sucesso, utilizou-se um algoritmo genético. A função objetivo utilizada contém a pressão do sistema e a composição do líquido iônico na fase gás. Os resultados para a modelagem com a regra de mistura de van der Waals apresentam altos desvios na pressão, mas com a regra de mistura de Wong-Sandler têm-se baixos desvios na pressão e uma baixa concentração do líquido iônico na fase gás até 100 atm. Os resultados mostram uma boa correlação dos sistemas ternários. Foi usado um teste de consistência termodinâmica para o sistema CO2 + hexafluorofosfato de 1-butil-3-metilimidazolio, para o qual há quatro conjuntos de dados conflitantes na literatura. Os resultados mostraram que, um conjunto de dados é termodinamicamente consistente, outro é não inteiramente consistente e os outros dois são termodinamicamente não consistentes
Abstract: The ionic liquids have received considerable interest due to his potential as designer solvents, that can be adapted in several types of industrial processes. The main reason of the interest in the ionic liquid as solvent is his negligible vapor pressure, which decreases the risks of exposition and environmental contamination. This research tries realize a complete and systematic study of two mixing rule in the Peng-Robinson equations of state for correlate and predict the equilibrium liquid-vapor in systems containing ionic liquids. The main problem in modeling the liquid-vapor equilibrium is the prediction of the negligible concentrations of ionic liquid in the phase vapor. Up to the moment the publications of the critical properties of the ionic liquids are scarce, reason for which chose an equation with low amount of parameters, as the cubic equation of state of Peng-Robinson. In this work, was studied the a(T): parameter dependent of the temperature and the mixing rule of van der Waals. The compared a(T): parameters were proposed for Soave 1972) and Almeida et al. (1991). In the first moment of the modeling was used the van der Waals mixing rule, after for good results was used the Wong-Sandler mixing rule with the UNIQUAC or NRTL model. A molecular modeling strategy was used to calculate the volume and surface area parameters of ionic liquids for UNIQUAC. Independent temperature and concentration interaction parameters were calculated. The binary mixtures were studied to describe the liquid-vapor equilibrium included high pressures (CO2 or CHF3 supercritical + ionic liquid) and low pressures (hydrocarbons + ionic liquid). After, the binary interaction parameters were used for correlated the ternary system at low pressure with the Wong-Sandler mixing rule. For evaluating the binary interaction parameters was used in first moment the Levenberg-Marquardt method and after, with best results was used a genetic algorithm. The objective function uses the pressure of the systems and the ionic liquid fraction mol in the gas phase. The results for correlation with van der Waals mixing rule show high deviations in the pressure system, but the Wong-Sandler mixing rule had low deviations in the pressure system and low concentration of the ionic liquid in the gas phase, up to 100 atm. The ternary system can be correlate with acceptable accuracy. A test of thermodynamic consistency was used for a binary system CO2 + 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, it has four conflicts data set in the literature. The results show one data set thermodynamically consistent, one data set not fully consistent and two data set thermodynamically inconsistent
Mestrado
Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos
Mestre em Engenharia Química
Le, Guennec Yohann. "Développement d’équations d’état cubiques adaptées à la représentation de mélanges contenant des molécules polaires (eau, alcools, amines …) et des hydrocarbures." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0245/document.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis work is to develop a cubic equation of state thermodynamic model able to accurately predict the thermodynamic properties of pure compounds (from phase equilibrium data to energetic properties – enthalpy, heat capacity – and volume properties) and mixtures (phase equilibria in sub- and supercritical regions, critical points, energetic properties, densities…), including the most complex ones. Starting with pure compounds: relying on the knowledge collected all through the years from Van der Waals seminal work about cubic equations of state, we identified two levers to increase cubic-model accuracy. First is the selection of the optimal α function (this function is a key quantity involved in the model attractive term) the proper parameterization of which entails an accurate representation of pure-compound saturation properties such as saturation pressure, enthalpy of vaporization, saturated-liquid heat capacity. In order to safely extrapolate an α functions to the high temperature domain, we defined the mathematical constraints that it should satisfy. The second lever is the volume translation parameter, a key parameter for an accurate description of liquid densities. These studies led to the development of the tc-PR and tc-RK models, using an α function that correctly extrapolates to the high temperature domain so as a volume translation parameter, ensuring the most accurate estimations of pure-compound sub- and supercritical property from a cubic equation of state. In order to extend the tc-PR and tc-RK models to mixtures, it was necessary to develop adequate mixing rules for both equation of state parameters: the covolume and the attractive parameter. Recently proposed mixing rules combining an equation of state and an activity coefficient model have been retained. Optimal values of the mixing rules universal parameters have been identified in the framework of this thesis. A linear mixing rule for the volume translation parameter has been selected; it has been proven that this mixing rule does not change the phase equilibrium and energetic properties when switching from a translated to an untranslated model. In order to define the optimal activity coefficient model to include in the new mixing rule, a 200 binary-system database has been developed. These binary systems have been selected to be representative of the different kinds of interactions that can exist in non-electrolytic mixtures. The database includes in particular systems containing associating compounds, which are certainly among the most difficult ones to model with an equation of state. In fine, this thesis sets all the bases for the development of a cubic equation of state for mixtures. The selection of the optimal activity-coefficient model, the estimation of binary interaction parameters for the 200 binary systems from the database and their prediction are possible continuations of this work
Paz, Sidrak Jos? da. "Infer?ncia do ponto de orvalho em amostras de g?s natural processado." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15819.
Full textCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
This dissertation aims to assess the representativeness of the manual chilled mirror analyzer (model II Chanscope 13-1200-CN-2) used for the determination of condensed hydrocarbons of natural gas compared to the indirect methods, based on thermodynamic models equation of state. Additionally, it has been implemented in this study a model for calculating the dew point of natural gas. The proposed model is a modification of the equation of state of Peng-Robinson admits that the groups contribution as a strategy to calculate the binary interaction parameters kij (T) temperature dependence. Experimental data of the work of Brown et al. (2007) were used to compare the responses of the dew point of natural gas with thermodynamic models contained in the UniSim process simulator and the methodology implemented in this study. Then two natural gas compositions were studied, the first being a standard gas mixture gravimetrically synthesized and, second, a mixture of processed natural gas. These experimental data were also compared with the results presented by UniSim process simulator and the thermodynamic model implemented. However, data from the manual analysis results indicated significant differences in temperature, these differences were attributed to the formation of dew point of water, as we observed the appearance of moisture on the mirror surface cooling equipment
O presente trabalho de disserta??o tem por objetivo avaliar a representatividade do analisador manual de espelho refrigerado (Chanscope II modelo 13-1200-C-N-2) usado para a determina??o do condensado de hidrocarbonetos de g?s natural frente aos m?todos indiretos, fundamentados em modelos termodin?micos de equa??o de estado. Adicionalmente, tem sido implementado neste estudo um modelo para c?lculo do ponto de orvalho de g?s natural. O modelo proposto constitui uma modifica??o na equa??o de estado de Peng-Robinson que admite a contribui??o de grupos como estrat?gia para calcular os par?metros de intera??o bin?ria kij(T) com depend?ncia da temperatura. Dados experimentais do trabalho de Brown et al. (2007) foram utilizados para comparar as respostas de ponto de orvalho do g?s natural com os modelos termodin?micos contidos no simulador de processo UniSim e com a metodologia implementada neste estudo. Em seguida, duas composi??es de g?s natural foram estudadas, sendo a primeira uma mistura padr?o de g?s sintetizada gravimetricamente e, a segunda, uma mistura de g?s natural processado. Tais dados experimentais foram tamb?m comparados com os resultados apresentados pelo simulador de processo UniSim e pelo modelo termodin?mico implementado. No entanto, os dados do analisador manual indicaram diferen?as significativas nos resultados de temperaturas, sendo estas diferen?as atribu?das ? forma??o de ponto de orvalho de ?gua, j? que foi observado o aparecimento de umidade sobre a superf?cie do espelho refrigerado do equipamento
Ngagine, Soulemane Halif. "Chemical heterogeneity of atmospheric particles in urbanized and industrialized environments during pollution events." Thesis, Littoral, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022DUNK0617.
Full textThis thesis aims at improving our knowledge of the near and distant sources controlling the exceedance of the regulatory thresholds of air quality, as detected by the air quality monitoring networks, at the strongly industrialized and urban site of Great Dunkirk Area (GDA). This appreciation is notably based on the calculation of a mixing state index of the particles, taking into account the heterogeneity of their elementary composition, this one being related to their residence time in the atmosphere and the distance between the sources and the studied receptor site. To do that, it was firstly necessary to develop a time resolved cascade impactor with high temporal resolution, named "TRAPS", which answered the need to follow the rapid changes observed within the atmospheric particles during pollution episodes. Coupled with a particle size analyser and after individual analysis of the collected particles by electron microscopy (SEM-EDX), TRAPS allows to report the physicochemical evolution of atmospheric particles over time. In the first part of this thesis, laboratory experiments and a field campaign allowed to validate our prototype, to report the dynamics of particle deposition on the impaction stages and to verify the cut-off diameters of the coarse and fine stages of TRAPS, determined respectively at 1.32µm and 0.13µm. A statistical study of PM₁₀ pollution episodes occuring over the GDA was then carried out over 3 years, between 2018 and 2020. It allowed us to identify 12 main types of episodes based on their spatial extent, but also on the local conditions of pollutant dispersion. We were able to identify local episodes and regional episodes observed, either in stationary or dispersive atmospheric conditions. While 78% of the PM₁₀ exceedance days correspond to local episodes, the remaining 22% correspond to pollution plumes with at least a regional extent, with an equal proportion of exceedance days in dispersion and stationary conditions. Except for very localized episodes, a detailed study of these pollutions episodes shows the systematic presence of a period of pollutant accumulation, of about 10 hours, characterized by an important contribution of fine particles (PM₂.₅) except for episodes of limited spatial coverage. The last part of this work consisted in the study of the composition and mixing state of the individual particles collected during pollution events in the GDA in 2021. The campaign allowed the sampling and characterization of 5 pollution episodes, during which TRAPS was deployed in parallel with other instruments providing complementary information on aerosol granulometry, or atmospheric dynamics. Nearly 28000 individual particles were characterized by SEM-EDX. With more than 90% of the samples associated with values of the mixing state index higher than 0.5, it can be said that the particles collected in the GDA during pollution episodes are in general of very heterogeneous composition at the particle scale (internal mixing). Nevertheless, the results show an influence of the local or transported origin of the particles on their chemical composition, but also on the mixing state index. An increasing evolution of this index with the particles residence time during these events is observed
Steiner, Laure D. "A Study of the fate and transport of estrogenic hormones in dairy effluent applied to pasture soils." Diss., Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1306.
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