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Academic literature on the topic 'Mixing planes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Mixing planes"

1

Juraeva, Makhsuda, and Dong Jin Kang. "Mixing Performance of a Cross-Channel Split-and-Recombine Micro-Mixer Combined with Mixing Cell." Micromachines 11, no. 7 (2020): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11070685.

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A new cross-channel split-and-recombine (CC-SAR) micro-mixer was proposed, and its performance was demonstrated numerically. A numerical study was carried out over a wide range of volume flow rates from 3.1 μL/min to 826.8 μL/min. The corresponding Reynolds number ranges from 0.3 to 80. The present micro-mixer consists of four mixing units. Each mixing unit is constructed by combining one split-and-recombine (SAR) unit with a mixing cell. The mixing performance was analyzed in terms of the degree of mixing and relative mixing cost. All numerical results show that the present micro-mixer performs better than other micro-mixers based on SARs over a wide range of volume flow rate. The mixing enhancement is realized by a particular motion of vortex flow: the Dean vortex in the circular sub-channel and another vortex inside the mixing cell. The two vortex flows are generated on the different planes perpendicular to each other. They cause the two fluids to change their relative position as the fluids flow into the circular sub-channel of the SAR, eventually promoting violent mixing. High vorticity in the mixing cell elongates the flow interface between two fluids, and promotes mixing in the flow regime of molecular diffusion dominance.

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Zazymko, V. O., M. F. Kalinina, V. Y. Shibetsky, and O. M. Nedbailo. "Hydrodynamics of a reactor with updated structure of frame mixing device." Кераміка: наука і життя, no. 3(52) (September 30, 2021): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26909/csl.3.2021.1.

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This article is devoted to computer simulation of the hydrodynamic situation in a reactor with a standard design and an upgraded design of a frame stirrer. A comparative analysis of the hydrodynamics of fluid flows occurring in the volume due to the use of classical and modernized design was performed. An upgraded design of a frame stirrer for homogenizing the medium in a reactor has been proposed. The aim of this work was to study the influence of the geometry of the stirrer blades and their location in space on the speed and direction of flows in the reactor. The basis for the new design of the mixing device was the standard design of the frame mixer with two horizontal jumpers. Installation of additional blades and their placement at a certain angle to the vertical and horizontal planes and relative to each other was considered as one of the methods of improving the design. For this work, the study was conducted in the universal software system of finite element analysis ANSYS. Computer simulation is used to analyze complex systems and processes based on a computer model. The simulation was performed to analyze the influence of the geometry of the mixing device on the speed and direction of fluid flow in the apparatus. To conduct the study, 3D-models of two different types of geometry of the mixing device were built, physicomechanical parameters of the environment in the reactor were set and on the basis of these data the mixing process in the apparatus was modeled. In this work, the influence of plate geometry and their location in space on hydrodynamics is investigated. The basis of the proposed design of the mixing device is the task of intensifying the mixing process by increasing the mixing efficiency along the height of the apparatus. A comparative analysis of the direction of fluid flow, its velocity and temperature change using a standard and upgraded design of the mixing device was performed. It was found that when installing additional plates that are located at an angle to the horizontal and vertical planes in the reactor there are additional axial and radial fluid flows, which improves homogeneity and increases the intensity of mixing.

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Robens, Tania. "Two-Real-Singlet-Model Benchmark Planes." Symmetry 15, no. 1 (2022): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15010027.

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In this manuscript, I briefly review the Benchmark Planes in the Two-Real-Singlet Model (TRSM), a model that enhances the Standard Model (SM) scalar sector by two real singlets that obey a Z2⊗Z2′ symmetry. In this model, all fields acquire a vacuum expectation value, such that the model contains in total three CP-even neutral scalars that can interact with each other. All interactions with SM-like particles are inherited from the SM-like doublet via mixing. I remind the readers of the previously proposed benchmark planes and briefly discuss possible production at future Higgs factories, as well as regions in a more generic scan of the model. For these, I also discuss the use of the W-boson mass as a precision observable to determine allowed/excluded regions in the models’ parameter space. This work is an extension of a white paper submitted to the Snowmass process.

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Andrievschi, Serghei, Valeriu Lungu, Ala Carcea, and Alexandru Lozan. "The Quality of Mixing in Mixers with Bars and Radial and Longitudinal Scrapers." Romanian Journal of Transport Infrastructure 2, no. 1 (2013): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rjti-2015-0008.

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Abstract The process of division - combining of streams in mixers with bars and radial and longitudinal scrapers was studied. The number of unique streams that are formed after passing each row of longitudinal bars and the total amount of them were determined. This is demonstrated by migration of the particles along the mixer from left to right and vice versa, from the center of the drum towards the periphery and vice versa. In the process of mixing the particles in the center gain normal distribution and the ones on the side - sectioned normal distribution. The sum of normal distribution with the sectioned normal distribution leads to an equable distribution along the drum and transverse planes and to a homogeneous mixing of the components. The quality of mixing had been investigated and an optimal mixing regime for the mixer with radial and longitudinal bars and scrapers was proposed.

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Dawes, W. N. "Toward Improved Throughflow Capability: The Use of Three-Dimensional Viscous Flow Solvers in a Multistage Environment." Journal of Turbomachinery 114, no. 1 (1992): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2928002.

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A methodology is presented for simulating turbomachinery blade rows in a multistage environment by deploying a standard three-dimensional Navier–Stokes solver simultaneously on a number of blade rows. The principal assumptions are that the flow is steady relative to each blade row individually and that the rows can communicate via inter-row mixing planes. These mixing planes introduce circumferential averaging of flow properties but preserve quite general radial variations. Additionally, each blade can be simulated in three-dimensional or axisymmetrically (in the spirit of throughflow analysis) and a series of axisymmetric rows can be considered together with one three-dimensional row to provide, cheaply, a machine environment for that row. Two applications are presented: a transonic compressor rotor and a steam turbine nozzle guide vane simulated both isolated and as part of a stage. In both cases the behavior of the blade considered in isolation was different to when considered as part of a stage and in both cases was in much closer agreement with the experimental evidence.

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Stelmach, Jacek, Czesław Kuncewicz, Łukasz Adrian, Tomaš Jirout, and Frantisek Rieger. "Change in Mixing Power of a Two-PBT Impeller When Emptying a Tank." Processes 9, no. 2 (2021): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020341.

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The paper presents research on the phenomenon of an increase in mixing power during the emptying of a tank with two 6-PBT45° axial impellers in operation, located on a common shaft, pumping the liquid to the bottom of the mixing tank. A large increase in mixing power took place when the free surface of the liquid was just above the upper edge of one of the impellers (hp/D < 0.1). This increase was even more than 50% compared to the design power for a fully filled mixing vessel. Admittedly, high motor overload, while not very long, may damage it. The study investigated the instantaneous torques acting on the impeller shaft during the emptying of the tank and the velocity distributions in planes r-z. On their basis, the mechanism of the phenomenon observed was determined and correlation relationships were given that permitted the calculation of the numerical values of the power increase factors.

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Gevorkyan, L., T. Shoji, D. R. Getsinger, O. I. Smith, and A. R. Karagozian. "Transverse jet mixing characteristics." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 790 (February 2, 2016): 237–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.5.

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This experimental study explores and quantifies mixing characteristics associated with a gaseous round jet injected perpendicularly into cross-flow for a range of flow and injection conditions. The study utilizes acetone planar laser-induced fluorescence imaging to determine mixing metrics in both centreplane and cross-sectional planes of the jet, for a range of jet-to-cross-flow momentum flux ratios ($2\leqslant J\leqslant 41$), density ratios ($0.35\leqslant S\leqslant 1.0$) and injector configurations (flush nozzle, flush pipe and elevated nozzle), all at a fixed jet Reynolds number of 1900. For the majority of conditions explored, there is a direct correspondence between the nature of the jet’s upstream shear layer instabilities and structure, as documented in detail in Getsingeret al.(J. Fluid Mech., vol. 760, 2014, pp. 342–367), and the jet’s mixing characteristics, consistent with diffusion-dominated processes, but with a few notable exceptions. When quantified as a function of distance along the jet trajectory, mixing metrics for jets in cross-flow with an absolutely unstable upstream shear layer and relatively symmetric counter-rotating vortex pair cross-sectional structure tend to show better local molecular mixing than for jets with convectively unstable upstream shear layers and generally asymmetric cross-sectional structures. Yet the spatial evolution of mixing with downstream distance can be greater for a few specific convectively unstable conditions, apparently associated with the initiation and nature of shear layer rollup as a trigger for improved mixing. A notable exception to these trends concerns conditions where the equidensity jet in cross-flow has an upstream shear layer that is already absolutely unstable, and the jet density is then reduced in comparison with that of the cross-flow. Here, density ratios below unity tend to mix less well than for equidensity conditions, demonstrated to result from differences in the nature of higher-density cross-flow entrainment into lower-density shear layer vortices.

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Hart, M., T. Koga, and Y. Takano. "Mixing Symmetric and Oblique Bragg Reflections in Rigid Channel-Cut Crystals." Journal of Applied Crystallography 28, no. 5 (1995): 568–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889895003992.

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Because the Bragg angle and Darwin range of total reflection in symmetric and oblique Bragg reflections vary with the angle between the Bragg planes and the crystal surface, it is generally believed that the resulting mismatch causes a loss of intensity in monolithic channel-cut crystals that is unacceptable in practice. It has been discovered that in the unique case of the 220 Bragg reflection from germanium no mismatch occurs, so that oblique and symmetric reflections can be mixed in one rigid channel-cut crystal. The results are valid for both X-ray and neutron channel-cut monochromators.

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Kapulla, R., U. Doll, E. Kirkby, S. Paranjape, and D. Paladino. "Growth laws and self-similarity in the confined mixing zone of unstratified and strongly stably stratified isokinetic mixing-layers past a splitter plate." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 3 (2022): 035129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0082950.

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The velocity U and the mixing scalar field Θ of turbulent wake flows developing downstream of a slender splitter plate were studied experimentally for unstratified and strongly stably stratified conditions in a square channel with water as fluid. The experimental program comprises five different Reynolds numbers spanning [Formula: see text]–60 000 for [Formula: see text] (isokinetic conditions) between the two planar, initially separated streams and five relative density stratifications from [Formula: see text] to 10%, since mixing studies for these stratification strengths are rather limited. This full-channel Reynolds number uses the hydraulic diameter [Formula: see text] of the mixing section as the characteristic length scale. These experiments challenge the corresponding numerical calculations based on Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes approaches relying on the Boussinesq approximations of the first and second kind. The development of the mixing scalar field Θ was measured by two fundamentally different approaches: laser induced fluorescence (LIF) in the downstream x– y mid-plane and wire-mesh sensors (WMSs) in discrete lateral y– z planes. This allows for a direct comparison of both sensing techniques at locations where both planes intersect. For the unstratified conditions, it is shown that the downstream developing wake velocity deficit decay agrees well with the theoretical approach. The concentration fields based on LIF and WMS profiles of the mean and fluctuating (root mean square, RMS) data confirm self-similarity by introducing a mixing scalar Θ for both techniques. In the approximate limit, it is shown that the mean concentration field can be well described by an error function and the corresponding RMS data by a Gaussian profile in self-similar coordinates. By using the momentum thickness θm at the splitter plate as the normalization parameter, the downstream developing width of the mixing zone [Formula: see text] becomes independent for [Formula: see text]. The mean and the RMS values of the concentration field Θ for the stably stratified experiments show self-similarity in the core of the concentration field but also a departure from the error function and Gaussian profile in the outer parts. Introducing a local gradient Richardson number Rig, it is shown that both the growth and growth-suppression of the mixing zone are well described by the Miles–Howard criterion for all the stratified experiments considered, even though this criterion was originally developed for shear layers.

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Lu, Tao, Xing Guo Zhu, Ping Wang, and Wei Yyu Zhu. "Numerical Simulation of Flow and Heat Transfer with Large-Eddy Simulation in a Mixing T-Junction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 152-154 (January 2012): 1319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.152-154.1319.

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In the present paper, large-eddy simulation (LES) based on commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software FLUENT for prediction of flow and heat transfer in a mixing T-junction was completed. Mean and root mean square (RMS) temperature and velocity were defined to describe the distributions and fluctuations of temperature and velocity. Numerical results indicate that profiles between symmetrical planes are almost same and the root mean square temperature and velocity close to the center of the main duct in the downstream are larger than those near the main duct wall. The prediction of the fluctuations of temperature and velocity is significant to understand the knowledge of the cause of thermal fatigue in a mixing T-junction.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mixing planes"

1

Ward, Duncan Estcourt. "The two-phase plane turbulent mixing layer /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw257.pdf.

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2

Hug, Stephan Nicholas. "Scalar mixing and coherent structures in simulations of the plane turbulent mixing layer." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/42162.

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For more than half a century turbulent mixing layers have been the subject of intense experimental and numerical investigation. With the discovery of primary, spanwise aligned and secondary, streamwise oriented vortices the interest in low and high Reynolds number mixing layers has been invigorated. The immense increase of computational capabilities in recent years has lead to an ever growing number of numerical simulations of mixing layers. However, numerical simulations have had great difficulties in reproductions the structure dynamics and entrainment mechanisms observed in the experiments. In this study Large Eddy Simulations of the low and high Reynolds number spatially developing, three-dimensional mixing layer are performed. At the heart of the presented studies lies the focus on the inlet conditions of the simulations. The effects of spatial and temporal correlation of the inlet conditions are studied for the low and high Reynolds number planemixing layer. It is shown that physically correlated inlet fluctuations lead to the development of the spatially stationary, streamwise oriented vortices observed in experiments. The effects of the presence of the streamwise vortices on the momentumand passive scalar fields are investigated in detail. In the latter parts of this work, the effects of varying the inlet fluctuation levels are reported. By altering the inlet fluctuation magnitudes the number and strength of the spatially stationary streamwise vortices can be controlled. The implications of this on the dynamics of the primary, spanwise aligned vortices are discussed. A change in the number and strength of the spatially stationary streamwise vortices is shown to be critical for the shape of the obtained probability density functions. If spatially stationary streamwise vortices are present, the obtained probability density functions are of the non-marching type. A lack of spatially stationary streamwise vortices produces marching probability density functions.

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Nygaard, Kris Jacob. "Spanwise-nonuniform excitation of a plane mixing layer." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185497.

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The formation and evolution of secondary vortical structures in a plane mixing layer subjected to spanwise-nonuniform excitation has been studied in a closed-return water facility. It is shown that secondary vortices may result from spanwise-nonuniformities in the nominally two-dimensional vorticity layer close to the flow partition, or from spanwise core deformations of the primary vortices further downstream. These distinctly different mechanisms are excited by time-harmonic wavetrains with spanwise amplitude or phase variations, respectively, synthesized by a mosaic of surface film heaters flush-mounted on the flow partition. The appearance of the secondary vortical structures is accompanied by significant distortions in transverse distributions of the streamwise velocity component. Inflection points, which are not present in corresponding velocity distributions of the unforced flow, suggest the formation of locally unstable regions of large shear in which broadband perturbations, already present in the base flow, undergo rapid amplification. This amplification is followed by breakdown to turbulence thus producing the small-scale motion necessary for mixing transition. The present investigation further shows that the flow is extremely receptive to spanwise-periodic amplitude excitation at any wavelength synthesizable by the heater mosaic. Spanwise-periodic phase excitation leads to substantial deformations of the primary vortices, although the receptivity of the flow appears to have a short wavelength cutoff. Spanwise-nonuniform amplitude and phase excitations at a subharmonic frequency of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability result in complex pairing interactions of the primary vortices.

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Gu, Xiaogang. "Three-dimensional pulsed disturbances in a plane mixing layer." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186970.

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The evolution of 3-D pulsed disturbances in a plane mixing layer is studied experimentally. The disturbance is effected via amplitude modulation of a spanwise uniform time-harmonic wave train which provides a clear phase reference for the phase-locked velocity measurements. The evolution of the pulsed disturbance depends critically on the time delay between the modulation pulse and the carrier wave train, the plane mixing layer is most receptive to pulsed excitation when the pulse appears in the braid region between adjacent primary vortices of the base flow. An amplitude demodulation technique is applied to decompose an isolated pulsed disturbance into a family of modal wave packets, and the evolution of the fundamental wave packet was studied in detail. The wave fronts of the wave packet in plane mixing layers are almost parallel to the span, in contrast to a boundary layer wave packet where wave fronts are bowed. The spanwise spreading speed of the wave packet is approximately equal to U(z) = 0.2U(c), while its growth in the streamwise direction is limited. The wave packet is non-dispersive, in agreement with the theoretical results. The effect of a pulse train having temporally and spatially periodic pattern is also studied. Wavelet transforms, both 1-D Morlet and 2-D Arc, are applied to study scales of the flow structures. The large-scale structure exhibits a staggered "chain-link"-like pattern in the streamwise and spanwise directions, whereas the small scale structures are initially generated half way between spanwise centers of pulses. The power spectra indicate that the energy at these small scales increases with increased x. This may suggest that pulsed disturbances may be used to enhance mixing.

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5

Le, Van Cuong. "Étude sur modèle physique du renforcement des sols par colonnes en « Soil-Mix » : application aux plates-formes ferroviaires." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1029/document.

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Ce travail de thèse porte sur l'étude du renforcement par «soil-mixing» des plateformes ferroviaires en France. Cette recherche, à dominante expérimentale, s'appuie sur une approche du type modélisation physique. Deux cas d'études ont été abordés, la dégradation du frottement à l'interface sol-colonne et le comportement mécanique du matériau « soil-mix » à jeune âge sous l'effet de chargements cycliques. En ce qui concerne l'étude du comportement de l'interface entre la colonne en «soil-mix» et le sol environnant, on a développé un essai de chargement d'un tronçon modèle de colonne instrumenté de capteurs de forces, dans un massif de limon reconstitué. L'objectif principal a été d'évaluer le frottement latéral unitaire le long de ce tronçon de « soil-mix », sous chargements monotones et cycliques. On s'est intéressé, plus particulièrement, à l'évolution du frottement latéral sous chargement cyclique à déplacement contrôlé à grand nombre de cycles (100 000 cycles). Le programme d'essais a permis de mettre en évidence l'influence des paramètres principaux du problème comme l'amplitude du déplacement cyclique, la contrainte verticale appliquée au massif, le sens de chargement. Les résultats obtenus montrent une bonne cohérence avec les résultats de la littérature dans le cas de l'interface entre un pieu métallique et un massif de sable. Dans un second temps, on s'est intéressé à l'effet des chargements cycliques sur le comportement du matériau «soi-mix» pendant les premières heures de prise après la réalisation des colonnes. Ce cas d'étude s'inscrit dans le contexte ferroviaire pour lequel une des contraintes principales est d'assurer la continuité du trafic ferroviaire. Des essais sur un modèle physique simplifié ont permis d'étudier le comportement mécanique du matériau «soil-mix» à 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h et 24 h après la mise en place du soil mix et après avoir subi un chargement cyclique de 2000 cycles. On a pu montrer que le chargement cyclique ne provoque pas de dégradation du matériau «soil-mix». Au contraire, on observe un accroissement de la résistance à la compression simple d'autant plus fort que le matériau est chargé rapidement après la mise en place du soil mix<br>The present work deals with the behaviour of soil-mix columns used to reinforce railway platforms in France. This research, mainly experimental, is based on a physical modelling approach. Two case studies have been conducted, the degradation of the local friction mobilized at the interface soil-column and the mechanical behaviour of the material “soil-mix” at young age under cyclic loading. Concerning the degradation of the local friction mobilized at the interface soil-column, an experimental program on a physical model has been carried out. A model of a column slice instrumented with load sensors within a mass of reconstituted silt has been developped. The main objective was to evaluate the local skin friction mobilized along the soil-mix column under monotonic and cyclic loading. The main point of interest was the evolution of skin friction under large number of cycles (100 000 cycles). The experimental program highlighted the influence of key parameters such as the cyclic displacement amplitude, the vertical stress applied to the soil sample, the loading direction. The results obtained show a good consistency with the results of the literature on steel piles in sand. In a second step, we studied the effect of cyclic loading on the behaviour of the material “soil-mix” during the first hours after the realization of the columns. This case is directly related to the railway context in which the constraint of traffic continuity is one strong request of SNCF. Tests on a simplified physical model have been carried out in order to study the mechanical behaviour of the material "soil mix" at 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h and 24 h after realization of the column and after 2000 loading cycles. It has been shown that the cyclic loading does not cause degradation of the "soil-mix" material. On the contrary, there is an increase of the unconfined compression strength, the higher as the column is loaded rapidly after its realization

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YAGAMI, Hisanori, and Tomomi UCHIYAMA. "Numerical Simulation of Particle-Laden Plane Mixing Layer by Three-Dimensional Vortex Method." The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/9219.

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Wiltse, John Michael. "Control of mixing in a nonreactive plane shear layer: I. Open-loop control. II. Feedback control." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186580.

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A control system for the enhancement and regulation of mixing in a nonreactive plane shear layer has been developed in a two-stream closed-return water facility. Mixing of a passive scalar is estimated using a thermal analog in which the two streams have uniform, steady temperatures differing by 3°C. The position of the temperature interface between the two streams is measured in the plane of its cross stream Schlieren image by an optical sensor which is placed upstream of the rollup of the primary vortices. Control is effected via an array of surface heaters flush-mounted on the flow partition and cross-stream temperature distributions are measured with a resolution of 0.03°C using an array of closely-spaced cold wire sensors. In closed-loop experiments the output from the interface position sensor is fed back to the surface heaters. A transfer function is used to predict the effect of feedback on the interface motion. The dependence of various measures of mixing on the feedback gain k and the total delay time Δ between the actuators and the sensors is studied. The feedback gain k is adaptively modified to maximize mixing at a given streamwise station. These experiments indicate that feedback control of the motion of the temperature interface can be used for controlling the nominally 2D entrainment by the primary vortices and thus enhancing mixing.

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Popish, Martin Roy. "Primary and Secondary Flow Interactions in the Mixing Duct of a 2-D Planer Air Augmented Rocket." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/766.

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Experiments were conducted on the Cal Poly air augmented rocket (AAR) in order to characterize two-dimensional flowfield phenomenon occurring in the mixing duct. The testing utilized a direct connect system where high pressure nitrogen is fed into the combustion chamber, to form a primary flow. The high pressure nitrogen is then expanded through a nozzle, with an area ratio of 22 and an exit area of 0.75 in2, up to Mach 4.3. Secondary air is entrained from a plenum chamber which is used to create a lower stagnation pressure for the secondary flow. The two flows mix in a duct that has a cross sectional area of 2.06 in2. The maximum pressure ratio, the ratio of primary to secondary stagnation pressure, achieved during testing was 132. The stagnation pressures of the primary and secondary flows are transient throughout the test. The quasi-steady portion of each run increased with increasing pressure ratio. Pressure and temperature measurements were collected from ten test runs. Shadowgraph images were taken of the mixing duct during testing in order to image the interactions between the primary and secondary flows. The images show an oblique shock forming in the primary flow. The angle of the shock matches theoretical predictions to within 8.41%. The oblique shock begins at a distance of 1.5 inches downstream of nozzle exit when the AAR is operating in the Fabri choked condition. The images also show the mixing region which forms between the primary and secondary flows. The mixing region represents as much as 25% of the cross-sectional area of the flow field in the mixing duct two inches downstream of the nozzle exit. An analysis of the secondary Mach number in the mixing duct shows that Fabri choking is occurring during testing. The secondary Mach number decreases as pressure ratio increases, in the Fabri choked condition. The transition to Fabri choking occurs at a pressure ratio of 100, suggesting that this is the pressure ratio of the saturated case. The shape of the primary plume was compared to results from a 2-D simulation developed to predict the flow field inside the Cal Poly AAR. Although, the simulation is unable to predict the entire flowfield, modifications made it able to predict the velocity of the secondary, entrained, flow within 3.7%. The modified simulation also predicts the that the primary plume will have expanded 98% of its total distance from the centerline of the mixing duct 1.7 inches downstream of the primary nozzle exit. Pressure data taken along the wall of the mixing duct was used to identify the location of Fabri choking in the mixing duct. Tests showed that Fabri choking is occurring between 1 inch and 2.5 inches downstream of the nozzle exit. The location of Fabri choking moves farther downstream of the nozzle as pressure ratio increases.

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9

Chahine, Zakaria. "Contribution a l'etude experimentale de la structure d'une couche de melange plane turbulente developpee." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2280.

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Revue bibliographique. On reprend la decomposition aux valeurs propres de lumley qu'on applique au modele analytique de townsend. Etude experimentale a l'aide de sondes a fil chaud droit et a fil chaud croise. Mesures systematiques des composantes du tenseur des correlations spatiales et spatio-temporelles dans la zone d'affinite. Analyse spectrale des fluctuations de vitesse permettant de distinguer le comportement des trois composantes des fluctuations de vitesse

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10

Hileman, James Isaac. "Large-scale structures and noise generation in high-speed jets." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1078776079.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxviii, 365 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 269-279).

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Books on the topic "Mixing planes"

1

Ganesh, Raman, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Enhanced mixing of a rectangular supersonic jet by natural and induced screech. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.

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K. B. M. Q. Zaman. Streamwise vorticity generation and mixing enhancement in free jets by 'Delta-Tabs'. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.

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Raman, Ganesh. Mixing and noise benefit versus thrust penalty in supersonic jets using impingement tones. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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Mekkes, Gregory L. Fuel plume image mixing analysis formulation with proper treatment of non-constant velocity flowfields. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 2000.

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5

Bell, James H. Three-dimensional structure of plane mixing layers. Stanford University, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1989.

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Moser, R. D. The three-dimensional evolution of a plane mixing layer. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1992.

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Moser, R. D. The three-dimensional evolution of a plane mixing layer. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1992.

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Moser, R. D. The three-dimensional evolution of a plane mixing layer. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1992.

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D, Moser R., and Ames Research Center, eds. The three-dimensional evolution of a plane mixing layer. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1991.

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Moser, Robert D. The three-dimensional evolution of a plane mixing layer. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mixing planes"

1

Atreya, Sushil K. "Vertical Mixing." In Atmospheres and Ionospheres of the Outer Planets and Their Satellites. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71394-1_4.

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Klingbeil, Knut, Hans Burchard, Sergey Danilov, Claus Goetz, and Armin Iske. "Reducing Spurious Diapycnal Mixing in Ocean Models." In Mathematics of Planet Earth. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05704-6_8.

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Hetland, Robert D. "Spreading and Mixing in Near-Field River Plumes." In Mathematics of Planet Earth. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09559-7_8.

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Hartmann, Lee. "Observational Constraints on Transport (And Mixing) in Pre-Main Sequence Disks." In From Dust to Terrestrial Planets. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4146-8_5.

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Fyfe, W. S. "Geosphere Interactions On A Convecting Planet: Mixing and Separation." In The Natural Environment and the Biogeochemical Cycles. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-46995-7_1.

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Nygaard, K. J., and A. Glezer. "On the Spanwise Structure of a Plane Mixing Layer." In Advances in Turbulence 2. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83822-4_69.

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Lodders, Katharina. "An Oxygen Isotope Mixing Model for the Accretion and Composition of Rocky Planets." In From Dust to Terrestrial Planets. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4146-8_22.

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Dianat, M., Z. Yang, and J. J. McGuirk. "Large-Eddy Simulation of a Two-Phase Plane Mixing-Layer." In Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03085-7_187.

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Kaul, Upender K. "On Some Aspects of Wave Interactions in Plane Mixing Layers." In Wave Phenomena. Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8856-2_11.

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Ma, H. D., H. L. Pan, and Q. Wang. "Numerical Simulations of Transitional and Turbulent Flows in Plane Mixing Layers." In Computational Mechanics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75999-7_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mixing planes"

1

Zhang, Chenxi, Yang Liu, and Xiao-jing Yu. "Mixing Enhancement Using Secondary Gas Ejection Method in Supersonic-Subsonic Mixing Layer." In 21st AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonics Technologies Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-2421.

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RIGGINS, D., C. MCCLINTON, and R. ROGERS. "Flow enthalpy effects on scramjet mixing and combustion." In AlAA 4th International Aerospace Planes Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-5097.

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WOOD, C., and J. SCHETZ. "Effects of unsteady shock impingement on high-speed gaseous mixing." In 3rd International Aerospace Planes Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-5091.

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RAUL, R., H. GILREATH, and G. SULLINS. "Numerical and experimental investigation of mixing enhancement in scramjets." In AlAA 4th International Aerospace Planes Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-5063.

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QUAN, VICTOR, DONALD SMITH, ATUL MATHUR, and RAYMOND EDELMAN. "A three-dimensional approach for analysis of sidewall injector mixing and combustion." In 2nd International Aerospace Planes Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-5243.

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Sekar, Balu. "Conceptual studies of high speed combustors for mixing enhancement mechanisms." In International Aerospace Planes and Hypersonics Technologies. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-6095.

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Roe, Kevin, Rajeev Thakur, Thong Dang, and Edward Bogucz. "Implementation of a 3D mixing layer code on parallel computers." In International Aerospace Planes and Hypersonics Technologies. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-6111.

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Gonor, Alexander, Mikhail Gilinsky, Vitali Khaikine, and Isaiah Blankson. "Development of Mixing Analogy for Investigation of Injectant Mixing in Supersonic Flow." In AIAA/CIRA 13th International Space Planes and Hypersonics Systems and Technologies Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-3234.

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Holmes, D. Graham. "Mixing Planes Revisited: A Steady Mixing Plane Approach Designed to Combine High Levels of Conservation and Robustness." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-51296.

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Abstract:

The use of “mixing planes” for steady multistage turbomachinery calculations has been common for some time. The basic idea is simple: in order to perform quasi-steady multistage turbomachinery calculations, the exchange of information at an interface between stationary and rotating blade rows must involve a pitchwise averaging process. This pitchwise averaging implies a mixing process of some sort, which may or may not have a physical analog. This paper revisits the mixing plane idea, and describes an attempt to produce a novel mixing plane algorithm that achieves several key goals, including complete flux conservation at the interface, robustness, indifference to local flow direction and non-reflectivity. The key elements of the algorithm are described, along with some examples of its application.

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BILLIG, F., and J. SCHETZ. "Analysis of penetration and mixing of gas jets in supersonic cross flow." In AlAA 4th International Aerospace Planes Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-5061.

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Reports on the topic "Mixing planes"

1

Wygnanski, I., and I. Weisbrot. On the Pairing Process in an Excited, Plane, Turbulent Mixing Layer. Defense Technical Information Center, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada186355.

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Glezer, Ari, and Frank H. Champagne. Real-Time Adaptive Control of Mixing in a Plane Shear Layer. Defense Technical Information Center, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada285541.

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Aikin, Jr., Robert M. Interim Report on Mixing During the Casting of LEU-10Mo Plates in the Triple Plate Molds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1352396.

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Loucks, Richard B. An Experimental Examination of the Streamwise Velocity in a Plane Mixing Layer using a Single Hot-Wire Sensor. Defense Technical Information Center, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada332948.

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Mikkelsen, D. R. Solution of the Fokker-Planck equation with mixing of angular harmonics by beam-beam charge exchange. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5577657.

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Miller, Timothy C. Mode Mixity Determinations for Interfacial Cracking in Incompressible Materials Under Plane Strain Conditions. Defense Technical Information Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada409481.

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Onishi, Y., and J. D. Hudson. Waste mixing and diluent selection for the planned retrieval of Hanford Tank 241-SY-102: A preliminary assessment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/176772.

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Manor, M. J., and S. J. Piercey. Whole-rock lithogeochemistry, Nd-Hf isotopes, and in situ zircon geochemistry of VMS-related felsic rocks, Finlayson Lake VMS district, Yukon. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328992.

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The Finlayson Lake district in southeastern Yukon is composed of a Late Paleozoic arc-backarc system that consists of metamorphosed volcanic, plutonic, and sedimentary rocks of the Yukon-Tanana and Slide Mountain terranes. These rocks host &amp;gt;40 Mt of polymetallic resources in numerous occurrences and styles of volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) mineralization. Geochemical and isotopic data from these rocks support previous interpretations that volcanism and plutonism occurred in arc-marginal arc (e.g., Fire Lake formation) and continental back-arc basin environments (e.g., Kudz Ze Kayah formation, Wind Lake formation, and Wolverine Lake group) where felsic magmatism formed from varying mixtures of crust- and mantle-derived material. The rocks have elevated high field strength element (HFSE) and rare earth element (REE) concentrations, and evolved to chondritic isotopic signatures, in VMS-proximal stratigraphy relative to VMS-barren assemblages. These geochemical features reflect the petrogenetic conditions that generated felsic rocks and likely played a role in the localization of VMS mineralization in the district. Preliminary in situ zircon chemistry supports these arguments with Th/U and Hf isotopic fingerprinting, where it is interpreted that the VMS-bearing lithofacies formed via crustal melting and mixing with increased juvenile, mafic magmatism; rocks that were less prospective have predominantly crustal signatures. These observations are consistent with the formation of VMS-related felsic rocks by basaltic underplating, crustal melting, and basalt-crustal melt mixing within an extensional setting. This work offers a unique perspective on magmatic petrogenesis that underscores the importance of integrating whole-rock with mineral-scale geochemistry in the characterization of VMS-related stratigraphy.

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Pearlstein, Arne J. Global Two-Scalar Velocimetry and Development of Low-Order Models for Use in Optical-Phase Correction in a Plane Mixing Layer. Defense Technical Information Center, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada376026.

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Seginer, Ido, Daniel H. Willits, Michael Raviv, and Mary M. Peet. Transpirational Cooling of Greenhouse Crops. United States Department of Agriculture, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573072.bard.

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Background Transplanting vegetable seedlings to final spacing in the greenhouse is common practice. At the time of transplanting, the transpiring leaf area is a small fraction of the ground area and its cooling effect is rather limited. A preliminary modeling study suggested that if water supply from root to canopy is not limiting, a sparse crop could maintain about the same canopy temperature as a mature crop, at the expense of a considerably higher transpiration flux per leaf (and root) area. The objectives of this project were (1) to test the predictions of the model, (2) to select suitable cooling methods, and (3) to compare the drought resistance of differently prepared seedlings. Procedure Plants were grown in several configurations in high heat load environments, which were moderated by various environmental control methods. The difference between the three experimental locations was mainly in terms of scale, age of plants, and environmental control. Young potted plants were tested for a few days in small growth chambers at Technion and Newe Ya'ar. At NCSU, tomato plants of different ages and planting densities were compared over a whole growing season under conditions similar to commercial greenhouses. Results Effect of spacing: Densely spaced plants transpired less per plant and more per unit ground area than sparsely spaced plants. The canopy temperature of the densely spaced plants was lower. Air temperature was lower and humidity higher in the compartments with the densely spaced plants. The difference between species is mainly in the canopy-to-air Bowen ratio, which is positive for pepper and negative for tomato. Effect of cooling methods: Ventilation and evaporative pad cooling were found to be effective and synergitic. Air mixing turned out to be very ineffective, indicating that the canopy-to-air transfer coefficient is not the limiting factor in the ventilation process. Shading and misting, both affecting the leaf temperature directly, proved to be very effective canopy cooling methods. However, in view of their side effects, they should only be considered as emergency measures. On-line measures of stress: Chlorophyll fluorescence was shown to accurately predict photosynthesis. This is potentially useful as a rapid, non-contact way of assessing canopy heat stress. Normalized canopy temperature and transpiration rate were shown to correlate with water stress. Drought resistance of seedlings: Comparison between normal seedlings and partially defoliated ones, all subjected to prolonged drought, indicated that removing about half of the lowermost leaves prior to transplanting, may facilitate adjustment to the more stressful conditions in the greenhouse. Implications The results of this experimental study may lead to: (1) An improved model for a sparse canopy in a greenhouse. (2) A better ventilation design procedure utilizing improved estimates of the evaporation coefficient for different species and plant configurations. (3) A test for the stress resistance of transplants.

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